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Zhao H, Meng L, Du P, Liao X, Mo X, Gong M, Chen J, Liao Y. IDH1 mutation produces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) and induces mir-182-5p expression to regulate cell cycle and tumor formation in glioma. Biol Res 2024; 57:30. [PMID: 38760850 PMCID: PMC11100189 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), are present in most gliomas. IDH1 mutation is an important prognostic marker in glioma. However, its regulatory mechanism in glioma remains incompletely understood. RESULTS miR-182-5p expression was increased within IDH1-mutant glioma specimens according to TCGA, CGGA, and online dataset GSE119740, as well as collected clinical samples. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG) treatment up-regulated the expression of miR-182-5p, enhanced glioma cell proliferation, and suppressed apoptosis; miR-182-5p inhibition partially eliminated the oncogenic effects of R-2HG upon glioma cells. By direct binding to Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2 C (CDKN2C) 3'UTR, miR-182-5p inhibited CDKN2C expression. Regarding cellular functions, CDKN2C knockdown promoted R-2HG-treated glioma cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, and relieved cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the effects of miR-182-5p inhibition on cell phenotypes. Moreover, CDKN2C knockdown exerted opposite effects on cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers to those of miR-182-5p inhibition; also, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the functions of miR-182-5p inhibition in cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers. The engineered CS-NPs (antagomir-182-5p) effectively encapsulated and delivered antagomir-182-5p, enhancing anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, indicating the therapeutic potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) in targeting the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis against R-2HG-driven oncogenesis in mice models. CONCLUSIONS These insights highlight the potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) to target the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis, offering a promising therapeutic avenue against R-2HG's oncogenic influence to glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, PR China
| | - Xinbin Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin Mo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
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Liu Q, Yuan Y, Shang X, Xin L. Cyclin B2 impairs the p53 signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38166895 PMCID: PMC10763327 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin B2 (CCNB2), a member of the cyclin family, is an oncogene in multiple cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the epigenetics mechanism for CCNB2 overexpression in NPC remains unclear. This study dissects the regulatory role of CCNB2 in NPC and the molecular mechanism. METHODS Differentially methylated genes (DMG) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were screened out in GSE52068 and GSE13597 databases, respectively, and candidate targets were identified by the Venn diagram. GO annotation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on selected DMG and DEG, and a PPI network was constructed to pinpoint hub genes. PCR and qMSP were conducted to detect the expression and methylation of CCNB2 in cells. The siRNA targeting CCNB2 was transfected into NPC cells, and the migration, proliferation, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumorigenesis, and metastasis were examined. The upstream factor responsible for CCNB2 overexpression in NPC was explored. The p53 activity in NPC cells was assessed using western blot analysis. RESULTS CCNB2 showed hypomethylation and overexpression in NPC. CCNB2 silencing inhibited cell migration, proliferation, cell cycle entry, and EMT. JMJD6 was overexpressed in NPC and upregulated CCNB2 through demethylation. JMJD6 reversed the effects of CCNB2 downregulation, resulting in elevated cellular activity in vitro and tumorigenic and metastatic activities in vivo. CCNB2 blocked the p53 pathway, while the p53 pathway inhibitor reversed the effect of CCNB2 silencing to increase the activity of NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS JMJD6 enhanced CCNB2 transcription by demethylating CCNB2, thereby repressing the p53 pathway and promoting NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, NO. 1, Shibei District, Jiaozhou Road, 266011, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, NO. 1, Shibei District, Jiaozhou Road, 266011, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofen Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, NO. 1, Shibei District, Jiaozhou Road, 266011, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, NO. 1, Shibei District, Jiaozhou Road, 266011, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China.
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Dutta H, Jain N. Post-translational modifications and their implications in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1240115. [PMID: 37795435 PMCID: PMC10546021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1240115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms that alter the properties of a protein by covalently attaching a modified chemical group to some of its amino acid residues. PTMs modulate essential physiological processes such as signal transduction, metabolism, protein localization, and turnover and have clinical relevance in cancer and age-related pathologies. Majority of proteins undergo post-translational modifications, irrespective of their occurrence in or after protein biosynthesis. Post-translational modifications link to amino acid termini or side chains, causing the protein backbone to get cleaved, spliced, or cyclized, to name a few. These chemical modifications expand the diversity of the proteome and regulate protein activity, structure, locations, functions, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). This ability to modify the physical and chemical properties and functions of proteins render PTMs vital. To date, over 200 different protein modifications have been reported, owing to advanced detection technologies. Some of these modifications include phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. Here, we discuss about the existing as well as some novel post-translational protein modifications, with their implications in aberrant states, which will help us better understand the modified sites in different proteins and the effect of PTMs on protein functions in core biological processes and progression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashnu Dutta
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Yu Z, Peng Y, Gao J, Zhou M, Shi L, Zhao F, Wang C, Tian X, Feng L, Huo X, Zhang B, Liu M, Fang D, Ma X. The p23 co-chaperone is a succinate-activated COX-2 transcription factor in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0387. [PMID: 37390202 PMCID: PMC10313168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
P23, historically known as a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) co-chaperone, exerts some of its critical functions in an HSP90-independent manner, particularly when it translocates into the nucleus. The molecular nature underlying how this HSP90-independent p23 function is achieved remains as a biological mystery. Here, we found that p23 is a previously unidentified transcription factor of COX-2, and its nuclear localization predicts the poor clinical outcomes. Intratumor succinate promotes p23 succinylation at K7, K33, and K79, which drives its nuclear translocation for COX-2 transcription and consequently fascinates tumor growth. We then identified M16 as a potent p23 succinylation inhibitor from 1.6 million compounds through a combined virtual and biological screening. M16 inhibited p23 succinylation and nuclear translocation, attenuated COX-2 transcription in a p23-dependent manner, and markedly suppressed tumor growth. Therefore, our study defines p23 as a succinate-activated transcription factor in tumor progression and provides a rationale for inhibiting p23 succinylation as an anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Neurology Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Dai K, Jiang W, Chen S, Luo S, Ding S, Wang D. Case report: Going through pregnancy safely after twice partial nephrectomy for bilateral kidneys with HLRCC-associated RCC. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932996. [PMID: 36330476 PMCID: PMC9623055 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HLRCC-associated RCC (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer-associated renal cell carcinoma) caused by germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene is a rare autosomal dominant genetic renal cancer. At present, there are no reports of bilateral kidneys with HLRCC-associated RCC, let alone safe pregnancy after twice partial nephrectomy for bilateral kidney HLRCC-associated RCC. Case presentation We report a 25-year-old woman with bilateral renal tumors detected by ultrasound screening during a routine checkup. CT revealed a soft tissue mass in the parenchyma of the left kidney and a nodular soft tissue mass in the lower pole of the right kidney. She underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy and underwent laparoscopic right partial nephrectomy 3 months after the first surgery. Heterozygous mutation in the FH gene on the patient’s tumor tissue was detected by genetic testing. Combined with the patient’s medical history, microstructure and immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue, and genetic test results, the pathological reports after two operations concluded HLRCC-associated RCC. Then, she was injected with interferon and nivolumab as a preventative treatment against tumor recurrence. Up to 38 months after surgery, having given birth to a baby, till now there was no tumor progression. Conclusions This is a clinically significant case, as it provides a reference for pregnancy in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for bilateral kidneys with HLRCC-associated RCC and may indicate an effective approach to preventing tumor recurrence by nivolumab in patients with HLRCC-associated RCC.
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Metabostemness in cancer: Linking metaboloepigenetics and mitophagy in remodeling cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:198-213. [PMID: 34355273 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare populations of malignant cells with stem cell-like features of self-renewal, uninterrupted differentiation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to conventional therapeutic agents, and these cells have a decisive role in treatment failure and tumor relapse. The self-renewal potential of CSCs with atypical activation of developmental signaling pathways involves the maintenance of stemness to support cancer progression. The acquisition of stemness in CSCs has been accomplished through genetic and epigenetic rewiring following the metabolic switch. In this context, "metabostemness" denotes the metabolic parameters that essentially govern the epitranscriptional gene reprogramming mechanism to dedifferentiate tumor cells into CSCs. Several metabolites often referred to as oncometabolites can directly remodel chromatin structure and thereby influence the operation of epitranscriptional circuits. This integrated metaboloepigenetic dimension of CSCs favors the differentiated cells to move in dedifferentiated macrostates. Some metabolic events might perform as early drivers of epitranscriptional reprogramming; however, subsequent metabolic hits may govern the retention of stemness properties in the tumor mass. Interestingly, selective removal of mitochondria through autophagy can promote metabolic plasticity and alter metabolic states during differentiation and dedifferentiation. In this connection, novel metabostemness-specific drugs can be generated as potential cancer therapeutics to target the metaboloepigenetic circuitry to eliminate CSCs.
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8
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Masgras I, Laquatra C, Cannino G, Serapian SA, Colombo G, Rasola A. The molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cancer: From the basics of biology to pharmacological targeting. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:45-53. [PMID: 34242740 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRAP1, the mitochondrial component of the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones, displays important bioenergetic and proteostatic functions. In tumor cells, TRAP1 contributes to shape metabolism, dynamically tuning it with the changing environmental conditions, and to shield from noxious insults. Hence, TRAP1 activity has profound effects on the capability of neoplastic cells to evolve towards more malignant phenotypes. Here, we discuss our knowledge on the biochemical functions of TRAP1 in the context of a growing tumor mass, and we analyze the possibility of targeting its chaperone functions for developing novel anti-neoplastic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionica Masgras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy; Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Laquatra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Wyvekens N, Anderson WJ, Kim YX, Carter M, Hirsch MS. Low-Grade Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma in a 30-Year-Old Female. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:184-189. [PMID: 34180725 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211026241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare and clinically aggressive RCC subtype that is commonly associated with the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome. The diagnostic hallmark of FH-deficient RCC is a high-grade microscopic appearance with prominent inclusion-like eosinophilic nucleoli and perinucleolar halos. Herein we report a case of an FH-deficient RCC in a 30-year-old female that exhibited low-grade nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, reminiscent of the clinically more indolent succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC subtype and the newly described eintity, eosinophilic, solid and cystic RCC. This case illustrates that FH-deficient RCC can have a wide spectrum of microscopic appearances, including low-grade eosinophilic RCC. In addition, it highlights that a low threshold to perform the immunohistochemical stains for FH and S-(2-succino) cysteine is warranted in RCC cases with unusual and even low-grade eosinophilic morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wyvekens
- 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital and 1811Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J Anderson
- 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital and 1811Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young X Kim
- 6470Kaiser Foundation Hospital, 158530Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park, CA, USA
| | - Mark Carter
- 6470Kaiser Foundation Hospital, 158530Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital and 1811Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Metabolic Rewiring and the Characterization of Oncometabolites. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122900. [PMID: 34200553 PMCID: PMC8229816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncometabolites are produced by cancer cells and assist the cancer to proliferate and progress. Oncometabolites occur as a result of mutated enzymes in the tumor tissue or due to hypoxia. These processes result in either the abnormal buildup of a normal metabolite or the accumulation of an unusual metabolite. Definition of the metabolic changes that occur due to these processes has been accomplished using metabolomics, which mainly uses mass spectrometry platforms to define the content of small metabolites that occur in cells, tissues, organs and organisms. The four classical oncometabolites are fumarate, succinate, (2R)-hydroxyglutarate and (2S)-hydroxyglutarate, which operate by inhibiting 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme reactions that principally regulate gene expression and response to hypoxia. Metabolomics has also revealed several putative oncometabolites that include lactate, kynurenine, methylglyoxal, sarcosine, glycine, hypotaurine and (2R,3S)-dihydroxybutanoate. Metabolomics will continue to be critical for understanding the metabolic rewiring involving oncometabolite production that underpins many cancer phenotypes. Abstract The study of low-molecular-weight metabolites that exist in cells and organisms is known as metabolomics and is often conducted using mass spectrometry laboratory platforms. Definition of oncometabolites in the context of the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells has been accomplished through metabolomics. Oncometabolites result from mutations in cancer cell genes or from hypoxia-driven enzyme promiscuity. As a result, normal metabolites accumulate in cancer cells to unusually high concentrations or, alternatively, unusual metabolites are produced. The typical oncometabolites fumarate, succinate, (2R)-hydroxyglutarate and (2S)-hydroxyglutarate inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as histone demethylases and HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylases, together with DNA cytosine demethylases. As a result of the cancer cell acquiring this new metabolic phenotype, major changes in gene transcription occur and the modification of the epigenetic landscape of the cell promotes proliferation and progression of cancers. Stabilization of HIF1α through inhibition of HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylases by oncometabolites such as fumarate and succinate leads to a pseudohypoxic state that promotes inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Metabolomics has additionally been employed to define the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and patient biofluids in the search for cancer biomarkers. These efforts have led to the uncovering of the putative oncometabolites sarcosine, glycine, lactate, kynurenine, methylglyoxal, hypotaurine and (2R,3S)-dihydroxybutanoate, for which further research is required.
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Zhang C, Li L, Zhang Y, Zeng C. Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer: Recent Insights Into Mechanisms and Systemic Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686556. [PMID: 34113573 PMCID: PMC8185197 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by a predisposition to cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is known to be caused by germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, which encodes an enzyme component of the citric acid cycle and catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to L-malate. Currently, there is no standardized treatment for HLRCC, which may be due in part to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the inactivation of FH causes HLRCC are discussed. Additionally, potential therapeutic pharmacological strategies are also summarized to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of HLRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwang Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Quality Control, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Strobbe D, Sharma S, Campanella M. Links between mitochondrial retrograde response and mitophagy in pathogenic cell signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3767-3775. [PMID: 33619614 PMCID: PMC11071702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of mitochondrial quality is paramount for cellular homeostasis. The integrity of mitochondria is guarded by the balanced interplay between anabolic and catabolic mechanisms. The removal of bio-energetically flawed mitochondria is mediated by the process of mitophagy; the impairment of which leads to the accumulation of defective mitochondria which signal the activation of compensatory mechanisms to the nucleus. This process is known as the mitochondrial retrograde response (MRR) and is enacted by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Calcium (Ca2+), ATP, as well as imbalanced lipid and proteostasis. Central to this mitochondria-to-nucleus signalling are the transcription factors (e.g. the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NF-κB) which drive the expression of genes to adapt the cell to the compromised homeostasis. An increased degree of cellular proliferation is among the consequences of the MRR and as such, engagement of mitochondrial-nuclear communication is frequently observed in cancer. Mitophagy and the MRR are therefore interlinked processes framed to, respectively, prevent or compensate for mitochondrial defects.In this review, we discuss the available knowledge on the interdependency of these processes and their contribution to cell signalling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Soumya Sharma
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW10TU, UK
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW10TU, UK.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Ferrer AI, Trinidad JR, Sandiford O, Etchegaray JP, Rameshwar P. Epigenetic dynamics in cancer stem cell dormancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:721-738. [PMID: 32394305 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases despite significant advances of early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. Cancerous tumors are composed of various cell types including cancer stem cells capable of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of distal tumor sites. Most notably, these cells can enter a dormant cellular state that is resistant to conventional therapies. Thereby, cancer stem cells have the intrinsic potential for tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor relapse after therapy. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations are attributed to the formation of multiple tumor types. This review is focused on how epigenetic dynamics involving DNA methylation and DNA oxidations are implicated in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. The emergence and progression of these cancer types rely on cancer stem cells with the capacity to enter quiescence also known as a dormant cellular state, which dictates the distinct tumorigenic aggressiveness between breast cancer and glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan R Trinidad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Oleta Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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14
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Miyai M, Kanayama T, Hyodo F, Kinoshita T, Ishihara T, Okada H, Suzuki H, Takashima S, Wu Z, Hatano Y, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Soeda A, Yano H, Hirata A, Niwa M, Sugie S, Mori T, Maekawa Y, Iwama T, Matsuo M, Hara A, Tomita H. Glucose transporter Glut1 controls diffuse invasion phenotype with perineuronal satellitosis in diffuse glioma microenvironment. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 3:vdaa150. [PMID: 33506198 PMCID: PMC7817894 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas typically escape surgical resection and recur due to their “diffuse invasion” phenotype, enabling them to infiltrate diffusely into the normal brain parenchyma. Over the past 80 years, studies have revealed 2 key features of the “diffuse invasion” phenotype, designated the Scherer’s secondary structure, and include perineuronal satellitosis (PS) and perivascular satellitosis (PVS). However, the mechanisms are still unknown. Methods We established a mouse glioma cell line (IG27) by manipulating the histone H3K27M mutation, frequently harboring in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, that reproduced the diffuse invasion phenotype, PS and PVS, following intracranial transplantation in the mouse brain. Further, to broadly apply the results in this mouse model to human gliomas, we analyzed data from 66 glioma patients. Results Increased H3K27 acetylation in IG27 cells activated glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) expression and induced aerobic glycolysis and TCA cycle activation, leading to lactate, acetyl-CoA, and oncometabolite production irrespective of oxygen and glucose levels. Gain- and loss-of-function in vivo experiments demonstrated that Glut1 controls the PS of glioma cells, that is, attachment to and contact with neurons. GLUT1 is also associated with early progression in glioma patients. Conclusions Targeting the transporter Glut1 suppresses the unique phenotype, “diffuse invasion” in the diffuse glioma mouse model. This work leads to promising therapeutic and potential useful imaging targets for anti-invasion in human gliomas widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Miyai
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Gifu University Hospital, Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Zhiliang Wu
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Soeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Science Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Domain of Integrated Life Systems, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Sanchez-Martin C, Serapian SA, Colombo G, Rasola A. Dynamically Shaping Chaperones. Allosteric Modulators of HSP90 Family as Regulatory Tools of Cell Metabolism in Neoplastic Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1177. [PMID: 32766157 PMCID: PMC7378685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have recently emerged as fundamental regulators of salient biological routines, including metabolic adaptations to environmental changes. Yet, many of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their functions are still unknown or at least uncertain. This is in part due to the lack of chemical tools that can interact with the chaperones to induce measurable functional perturbations. In this context, the use of small molecules as modulators of protein functions has proven relevant for the investigation of a number of biomolecular systems. Herein, we focus on the functions, interactions and signaling pathways of the HSP90 family of molecular chaperones as possible targets for the discovery of new molecular entities aimed at tuning their activity and interactions. HSP90 and its mitochondrial paralog, TRAP1, regulate the activity of crucial metabolic circuitries, making cells capable of efficiently using available energy sources, with relevant implications both in healthy conditions and in a variety of disease states and especially cancer. The design of small-molecules targeting the chaperone cycle of HSP90 and able to inhibit or stimulate the activity of the protein can provide opportunities to finely dissect their biochemical activities and to obtain lead compounds to develop novel, mechanism-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
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16
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Wyvekens N, Valtcheva N, Mischo A, Helmchen B, Hermanns T, Choschzick M, Hötker AM, Rauch A, Mühleisen B, Akhoundova D, Weber A, Moch H, Rupp NJ. Novel morphological and genetic features of fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma in HLRCC syndrome patients with a tailored therapeutic approach. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:611-619. [PMID: 32537760 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC) is defined by germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene and associated with leiomyomas and aggressive renal cell carcinomas with FH deficiency. Here, we comprehensively characterize two new patients with HLRCC syndrome on a morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic level. The patients developed aggressive HLRCC syndrome-associated RCCs, uterine leiomyomas and dermal leiomyomas. One HLRCC syndrome-associated RCC exhibited an unusual morphology with accumulation of "colloid-like" cytoplasmic inclusions, which might serve as a novel sentinel feature to trigger further testing. This case showed partially retained FH expression, initially hampering correct diagnosis. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing analyses of HLRCC syndrome-associated RCC and leiomyomas in our patients revealed divergent genetic changes in the FH gene in different tumors from the same patient. While all leiomyomas (uterine and cutaneous) showed a FH loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a wildtype allele inactivating event, one HLRCC-RCC showed a second, undescribed NM_000143.3; c.947C>T; p.Ala316Val FH mutation accompanying the preexisting splice site mutation c.378+2T>C. In the other HLRCC syndrome-associated RCC, the FH mutation (NM_000143.3; c.462T>G; p.Asn154Lys with a somatic LOH) represents another variant of unknown significance that we link to HLRCC - and thus classify as likely pathogenic. Due to the specific diagnosis of metastatic HLRCC syndrome-associated RCC, both cases were treated in first line with bevacizumab/erlotinib and showed remarkable and long lasting responses. These findings allow new morphological and molecular insights into the biology of the HLRCC syndrome, corroborate the "second hit" hypothesis of tumor formation in HLRCC patients and may promote a distinct therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wyvekens
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadejda Valtcheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Mischo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Helmchen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Choschzick
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Hötker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics (IMG), University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beda Mühleisen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilara Akhoundova
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Moldogazieva NT, Mokhosoev IM, Terentiev AA. Metabolic Heterogeneity of Cancer Cells: An Interplay between HIF-1, GLUTs, and AMPK. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E862. [PMID: 32252351 PMCID: PMC7226606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been long recognized that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism under hypoxia conditions due to a shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis in order to meet elevated requirements in energy and nutrients for proliferation, migration, and survival. However, data accumulated over recent years has increasingly provided evidence that cancer cells can revert from glycolysis to OXPHOS and maintain both reprogrammed and oxidative metabolism, even in the same tumor. This phenomenon, denoted as cancer cell metabolic plasticity or hybrid metabolism, depends on a tumor micro-environment that is highly heterogeneous and influenced by an intensity of vasculature and blood flow, oxygen concentration, and nutrient and energy supply, and requires regulatory interplay between multiple oncogenes, transcription factors, growth factors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represent key modulators of a switch between reprogrammed and oxidative metabolism. The present review focuses on cross-talks between HIF-1, glucose transporters (GLUTs), and AMPK with other regulatory proteins including oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53, and KRAS; growth factor-initiated protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, phosphatydyl-3-kinase (PI3K), and mTOR signaling pathways; and tumor suppressors such as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and TSC1 in controlling cancer cell metabolism. The multiple switches between metabolic pathways can underlie chemo-resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapy and should be taken into account in choosing molecular targets to discover novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexander A. Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.M.); (A.A.T.)
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18
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Zhao Z, Wang W, You Y, Zhu L, Feng F. Novel FH mutation associated with multiple uterine leiomyomas in Chinese siblings. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1068. [PMID: 31773923 PMCID: PMC6978397 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fumarate hydratase (FH) plays an important role in cell metabolism. Germline mutation of FH may cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome. The correlation between various mutations of FH gene and the phenotype is controversial and needs further study. Therefore, this article described a novel mutation in siblings with multiple uterine leiomyomas. Methods Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on the two patients and their family members using their peripheral blood. The function of the DNA variant was predicted in silico. Results Pathology results showed characteristics of leiomyoma. A novel missense mutation of FH gene (c.1214A>G, p.Leu405Ser) was identified in both patients and their father. This mutation was predicted to be probably pathogenic and deleterious. Conclusion This study indicated that the novel mutation may be responsible for the occurrence of multiple uterine leiomyomas. However, the risk of renal disease should not be ignored and regular screening was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhao
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengzhi Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang Y, Dong C, Zhou BP. Metabolic reprogram associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor progression and metastasis. Genes Dis 2019; 7:172-184. [PMID: 32215287 PMCID: PMC7083713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation program that imparts tumor cells with the phenotypic and cellular plasticity required for drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible events is governed by a network of EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) through epigenetic regulation. Many chromatin modifying-enzymes utilize metabolic intermediates as cofactors or substrates; this suggests that EMT is subjected to the metabolic regulation. Conversely, EMT rewires metabolic program to accommodate cellular changes during EMT. Here we summarize the latest findings regarding the epigenetic regulation of EMT, and discuss the mutual interactions among metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and EMT. Finally, we provide perspectives of how this interplay contributes to cellular plasticity, which may result in the clinical manifestation of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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20
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Personalized medicine: From diagnostic to adaptive. Biomed J 2019; 45:132-142. [PMID: 35590431 PMCID: PMC9133264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized therapy has made great strides but suffers from the lack of companion diagnostics. With the dawn of extracellular vesicle (EV) based liquid biopsies fast approaching, this article proposes a novel approach to cancer treatment – adaptive therapy. Already being implemented in the field of radiation oncology, adaptive radiation therapy utilizes cutting-edge imaging techniques as a viable means to monitor a patient's tumor throughout the entire treatment cycle by adapting the dosage and alignment to match the dynamic tumor. Through an EV liquid biopsy, medical oncologists will also soon have the means to continuously monitor a patient's tumor as it changes over time. With this information, physicians will be able to “adapt” pre-planned therapies concurrently with the fluctuating tumor environment, thus creating a more precise personalized medicine. In this article, a theory for adaptive medicine and the current state of the field with an outlook on future challenges are discussed.
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21
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Hayashi Y, Yokota A, Harada H, Huang G. Hypoxia/pseudohypoxia-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1510-1517. [PMID: 30844107 PMCID: PMC6501028 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first identification of hypoxic cells in sections of carcinomas in the 1950s, hypoxia has been known as a central hallmark of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Indeed, hypoxia benefits cancer cells in their growth, survival, and metastasis. The historical discovery of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1A) in the early 1990s had a great influence on the field as many phenomena in hypoxia could be explained by HIF1A. However, not all regions or types of tumors are necessarily hypoxic. Thus, it is difficult to explain whole cancer pathobiology by hypoxia, especially in the early stage of cancer. Upregulation of glucose metabolism in cancer cells has been well known. Oxygen‐independent glycolysis is activated in cancer cells even in the normoxia condition, which is known as the Warburg effect. Accumulating evidence and recent advances in cancer metabolism research suggest that hypoxia‐independent mechanisms for HIF signaling activation is a hallmark for cancer. There are various mechanisms that generate pseudohypoxic conditions, even in normoxia. Given the importance of HIF1A for cancer pathobiology, the pseudohypoxia concept could shed light on the longstanding mystery of the Warburg effect and accelerate better understanding of the diverse phenomena seen in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asumi Yokota
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gang Huang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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22
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Bioenergetic and proteomic profiling to screen small molecule inhibitors that target cancer metabolisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Waker CA, Lober RM. Brain Tumors of Glial Origin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:281-297. [PMID: 31760651 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with evolving classification based on genotype. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is an early event in the formation of some diffuse gliomas, and is the best understood mechanism of their epigenetic dysregulation. Glioblastoma may evolve from lower-grade lesions with IDH mutations, or arise independently from copy number changes in platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Several molecular subtypes of glioblastoma arise from a common proneural precursor with a tendency toward transition to a mesenchymal subtype. Following oncogenic transformation, gliomas escape growth arrest through a distinct step of aberrant telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression, or mutations in either alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATRX) or death-domain associated protein (DAXX) genes. Metabolic reprogramming allows gliomas to thrive in harsh microenvironments such as hypoxia, acidity, and nutrient depletion, which contribute to tumor initiation, maintenance, and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, One Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Robert M Lober
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, One Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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24
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Raineri S, Mellor J. IDH1: Linking Metabolism and Epigenetics. Front Genet 2018; 9:493. [PMID: 30405699 PMCID: PMC6206167 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle often contribute to cancer development and progression by disrupting cell metabolism and altering the epigenetic landscape. This is exemplified by the isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2), which metabolize isocitrate to α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG). Gain of function mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 result in reduced levels of α-KG as a result of increased formation of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). α-KG is an essential co-factor for certain histone and DNA demethylases, while 2-HG is a competitive inhibitor. These IDH1/2 mutations are thought to result in hypermethylated histones and DNA which in turn alters gene expression and drives cancer progression. While this model seems to be generally accepted in the field, the exact molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. How much of this model has been rigorously demonstrated and what is just being assumed? Are the effects genome-wide or focused on specific loci? This Perspective aims at elucidating the key questions that remain to be addressed, the experimental techniques that could be used to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved and the additional consequences of these mutations beyond DNA and protein methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Raineri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chronos Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chronos Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Vitamin C and immune cell function in inflammation and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1147-1159. [PMID: 30301842 PMCID: PMC6195639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbate) is maintained at high levels in most immune cells and can affect many aspects of the immune response. Intracellular levels generally respond to variations in plasma ascorbate availability, and a combination of inadequate intake and increased turnover during severe stress can result in low plasma ascorbate status. Intracellular ascorbate supports essential functions and, in particular, acts as an enzyme cofactor for Fe- or Cu-containing oxygenases. Newly discovered enzymes in this family regulate cell metabolism and epigenetics, and dysregulation of their activity can affect cell phenotype, growth and survival pathways, and stem cell phenotype. This brief overview details some of the recent advances in our understanding of how ascorbate availability can affect the hydroxylases controlling the hypoxic response and the DNA and histone demethylases. These processes play important roles in the regulation of the immune system, altering cell survival pathways, metabolism and functions.
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26
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Cannino G, Ciscato F, Masgras I, Sánchez-Martín C, Rasola A. Metabolic Plasticity of Tumor Cell Mitochondria. Front Oncol 2018; 8:333. [PMID: 30197878 PMCID: PMC6117394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that exchange a multiplicity of signals with other cell compartments, in order to finely adjust key biological routines to the fluctuating metabolic needs of the cell. During neoplastic transformation, cells must provide an adequate supply of the anabolic building blocks required to meet a relentless proliferation pressure. This can occur in conditions of inconstant blood perfusion leading to variations in oxygen and nutrient levels. Mitochondria afford the bioenergetic plasticity that allows tumor cells to adapt and thrive in this ever changing and often unfavorable environment. Here we analyse how mitochondria orchestrate the profound metabolic rewiring required for neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciscato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ionica Masgras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Metabolome-guided genomics to identify pathogenic variants in isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and succinate dehydrogenase genes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Genet Med 2018; 21:705-717. [PMID: 30050099 PMCID: PMC6353556 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Metabolic aberrations have been described in neoplasms with mutations
in the Krebs cycle genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate
hydratase (FH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). In turn, accumulation of
oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate can be employed
to identify tumors with those mutations. Additionally, such metabolic
readouts may aid in genetic variant interpretation and improve
diagnostics. Methods: Using liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry, 395 pheochromocytomas
and paragangliomas (PPGLs) from 391 patients were screened for metabolites
to indicate Krebs cycle aberrations. Multi-gene panel-sequencing was applied
to detect driver mutations in cases with indicative metabolite profiles but
undetermined genetic drivers. Results: Aberrant Krebs cycle metabolomes identified rare cases of PPGLs with
germline mutations in FH and somatic mutations in
IDHx and SDHx, including the first
case of a somatic IDH2 mutation in PPGL. Metabolomics also
reliably identified PPGLs with SDHx loss-of-function (LOF)
mutations. Therefore we utilized tumor metabolite profiles to further
classify variants of unknown significance in SDHx, thereby
enabling missense-variants associated with SDHx LOF to be
distinguished from benign variants. Conclusion: We propose incorporation of metabolome data into the diagnostics
algorithm in PPGLs to guide genetic testing and variant interpretation and
to help identify rare cases with mutations in FH and
IDHx.
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28
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Atlante S, Visintin A, Marini E, Savoia M, Dianzani C, Giorgis M, Sürün D, Maione F, Schnütgen F, Farsetti A, Zeiher AM, Bertinaria M, Giraudo E, Spallotta F, Cencioni C, Gaetano C. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition counteracts breast cancer-associated lung metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:756. [PMID: 29988033 PMCID: PMC6037705 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis formation requires active energy production and is regulated at multiple levels by mitochondrial metabolism. The hyperactive metabolism of cancer cells supports their extreme adaptability and plasticity and facilitates resistance to common anticancer therapies. In spite the potential relevance of a metastasis metabolic control therapy, so far, limited experience is available in this direction. Here, we evaluated the effect of the recently described α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) inhibitor, (S)-2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl) amino] succinic acid (AA6), in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer 4T1 and in other human breast cancer cell lines. In all conditions, AA6 altered Krebs cycle causing intracellular α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) accumulation. Consequently, the activity of the α-KG-dependent epigenetic enzymes, including the DNA demethylation ten-eleven translocation translocation hydroxylases (TETs), was increased. In mice, AA6 injection reduced metastasis formation and increased 5hmC levels in primary tumours. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo treatment with AA6 determined an α-KG accumulation paralleled by an enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). This epigenetically remodelled metabolic environment efficiently counteracted the initiating steps of tumour invasion inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, AA6 treatment could be linked to upregulation of the NO-sensitive anti-metastatic miRNA 200 family and down-modulation of EMT-associated transcription factor Zeb1 and its CtBP1 cofactor. This scenario led to a decrease of the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and to an impairment of 4T1 aggressiveness. Overall, our data suggest that AA6 determines an α-KG-dependent epigenetic regulation of the TET-miR200-Zeb1/CtBP1-MMP3 axis providing an anti-metastatic effect in a mouse model of breast cancer-associated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Atlante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alessia Visintin
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Savoia
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Giorgis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Duran Sürün
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia (IBCN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00143, Roma, Italy
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia (IBCN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00143, Roma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Via Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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29
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Adam J, Ramracheya R, Chibalina MV, Ternette N, Hamilton A, Tarasov AI, Zhang Q, Rebelato E, Rorsman NJG, Martín-Del-Río R, Lewis A, Özkan G, Do HW, Spégel P, Saitoh K, Kato K, Igarashi K, Kessler BM, Pugh CW, Tamarit-Rodriguez J, Mulder H, Clark A, Frizzell N, Soga T, Ashcroft FM, Silver A, Pollard PJ, Rorsman P. Fumarate Hydratase Deletion in Pancreatic β Cells Leads to Progressive Diabetes. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3135-3148. [PMID: 28954230 PMCID: PMC5637167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mice lacking Fh1 in pancreatic β cells (Fh1βKO mice) appear normal for 6–8 weeks but then develop progressive glucose intolerance and diabetes. Glucose tolerance is rescued by expression of mitochondrial or cytosolic FH but not by deletion of Hif1α or Nrf2. Progressive hyperglycemia in Fh1βKO mice led to dysregulated metabolism in β cells, a decrease in glucose-induced ATP production, electrical activity, cytoplasmic [Ca2+]i elevation, and GSIS. Fh1 loss resulted in elevated intracellular fumarate, promoting succination of critical cysteines in GAPDH, GMPR, and PARK 7/DJ-1 and cytoplasmic acidification. Intracellular fumarate levels were increased in islets exposed to high glucose and in islets from human donors with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impaired GSIS in islets from diabetic Fh1βKO mice was ameliorated after culture under normoglycemic conditions. These studies highlight the role of FH and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism in T2D. Fh1 loss in β cells causes progressive Hif1α-independent diabetes Fh1 loss in β cells impairs ATP generation, electrical activity, and GSIS Elevated fumarate is a feature of diabetic murine and human islets “Normoglycemia” restores GSIS in Fh1βKO islets
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDMRB, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Quan Zhang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Eduardo Rebelato
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rafael Martín-Del-Río
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gizem Özkan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hyun Woong Do
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Christopher W Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDMRB, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jorge Tamarit-Rodriguez
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Clinical Research Centre, Malmo University Hospital, 20502 Malmo, Sweden
| | - Anne Clark
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Patrick J Pollard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Kluckova K, Tennant DA. Metabolic implications of hypoxia and pseudohypoxia in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:367-378. [PMID: 29450727 PMCID: PMC5915505 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical driver of cancer pathogenesis, directly inducing malignant phenotypes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like characteristics and metabolic transformation. However, hypoxia-associated phenotypes are often observed in cancer in the absence of hypoxia, a phenotype known as pseudohypoxia, which is very well documented in specific tumour types, including in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (PPGL). Approximately 40% of the PPGL tumours carry a germ line mutation in one of a number of susceptibility genes of which those that are found in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) genes manifest a strong pseudohypoxic phenotype. Mutations in SDH are oncogenic, forming tumours in a select subset of tissues, but the cause for this remains elusive. Although elevated succinate levels lead to increase in hypoxia-like signalling, there are other phenotypes that are being increasingly recognised in SDH-mutated PPGL, such as DNA hypermethylation. Further, recently unveiled changes in metabolic re-wiring of SDH-deficient cells might help to decipher cancer related roles of SDH in the future. In this review, we will discuss the various implications that the malfunctioning SDH can have and its impact on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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31
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The role of compartmentalized signaling pathways in the control of mitochondrial activities in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:293-302. [PMID: 29673970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. They play a fundamental role in cell respiration, survival and metabolism. Stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by dedicated ligands and consequent activation of the cAMP·PKA pathway finely couple energy production and metabolism to cell growth and survival. Compartmentalization of PKA signaling at mitochondria by A-Kinase Anchor Proteins (AKAPs) ensures efficient transduction of signals generated at the cell membrane to the organelles, controlling important aspects of mitochondrial biology. Emerging evidence implicates mitochondria as essential bioenergetic elements of cancer cells that promote and support tumor growth and metastasis. In this context, mitochondria provide the building blocks for cellular organelles, cytoskeleton and membranes, and supply all the metabolic needs for the expansion and dissemination of actively replicating cancer cells. Functional interference with mitochondrial activity deeply impacts on cancer cell survival and proliferation. Therefore, mitochondria represent valuable targets of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer patients. Understanding the biology of mitochondria, uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial activity andmapping the relevant metabolic and signaling networks operating in cancer cells will undoubtly contribute to create a molecular platform to be used for the treatment of proliferative disorders. Here, we will highlight the emerging roles of signaling pathways acting downstream to GPCRs and their intersection with the ubiquitin proteasome system in the control of mitochondrial activity in different aspects of cancer cell biology.
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32
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Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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33
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Smeets E, Lynch AG, Prekovic S, Van den Broeck T, Moris L, Helsen C, Joniau S, Claessens F, Massie CE. The role of TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:41-55. [PMID: 28870782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are recently characterized dioxygenases that regulate demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further derivatives. The recent finding that 5hmC is also a stable and independent epigenetic modification indicates that these proteins play an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes such as neural and tumor development. Both the genomic distribution of (hydroxy)methylation and the expression and activity of TET proteins are dysregulated in a wide range of cancers including prostate cancer. Up to now it is still unknown how changes in TET and 5(h)mC profiles are related to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. In this review, we explore recent advances in the current understanding of how TET expression and function are regulated in development and cancer. Furthermore, we look at the impact on 5hmC in prostate cancer and the potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, we tried to summarize the latest techniques for detecting and quantifying global and locus-specific 5hmC levels of genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Prekovic
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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34
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Features and regulation of non-enzymatic post-translational modifications. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:244-252. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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35
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Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G, Kurelac I. Non-Canonical Mechanisms Regulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:286. [PMID: 29230384 PMCID: PMC5711814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) orchestrates cellular adaptation to low oxygen and nutrient-deprived environment and drives progression to malignancy in human solid cancers. Its canonical regulation involves prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which in normoxia induce degradation, whereas in hypoxia allow stabilization of HIF-1α. However, in certain circumstances, HIF-1α regulation goes beyond the actual external oxygen levels and involves PHD-independent mechanisms. Here, we gather and discuss the evidence on the non-canonical HIF-1α regulation, focusing in particular on the consequences of mitochondrial respiratory complexes damage on stabilization of this pleiotropic transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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36
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Gao P, Ji M, Fang X, Liu Y, Yu Z, Cao Y, Sun A, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Capillary electrophoresis - Mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis revealed enrichment of hypotaurine in rat glioma tissues. Anal Biochem 2017; 537:1-7. [PMID: 28847592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most lethal brain malignancies with unknown etiologies. Many metabolomics analysis aiming at diverse kinds of samples had been performed. Due to the varied adopted analytical platforms, the reported disease-related metabolites were not consistent across different studies. Comparable metabolomics results are more likely to be acquired by analyzing the same sample types with identical analytical platform. For tumor researches, tissue samples metabolomics analysis own the unique advantage that it can gain more direct insight into disease-specific pathological molecules. In this light, a previous reported capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry human tissues metabolomics analysis method was employed to profile the metabolome of rat C6 cell implantation gliomas and the corresponding precancerous tissues. It was found that 9 metabolites increased in the glioma tissues. Of them, hypotaurine was the only metabolite that enriched in the malignant tissues as what had been reported in the relevant human tissues metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, hypotaurine was also proved to inhibit α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-KDDs) through immunocytochemistry staining and in vitro enzymatic activity assays by using C6 cell cultures. This study reinforced the previous conclusion that hypotaurine acted as a competitive inhibitor of 2-KDDs and proved the value of metabolomics in oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Xueyan Fang
- Department of Nursing, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Yingyang Liu
- Department of Nursing, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Clinical Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- RSKT Biopharma Inc., Dalian, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China.
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M Gagné L, Boulay K, Topisirovic I, Huot MÉ, Mallette FA. Oncogenic Activities of IDH1/2 Mutations: From Epigenetics to Cellular Signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:738-752. [PMID: 28711227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas and leukemias remain highly refractory to treatment, thus highlighting the need for new and improved therapeutic strategies. Mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, such as the isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), are frequently encountered in astrocytomas and secondary glioblastomas, as well as in acute myeloid leukemias; however, the precise molecular mechanisms by which these mutations promote tumorigenesis remain to be fully characterized. Gain-of-function mutations in IDH1/2 have been shown to stimulate production of the oncogenic metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which inhibits α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes. We review recent advances on the elucidation of oncogenic functions of IDH1/2 mutations, and of the associated oncometabolite R-2HG, which link altered metabolism of cancer cells to epigenetics, RNA methylation, cellular signaling, hypoxic response, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Experimental Medicine, and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Masgras I, Sanchez-Martin C, Colombo G, Rasola A. The Chaperone TRAP1 As a Modulator of the Mitochondrial Adaptations in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:58. [PMID: 28405578 PMCID: PMC5370238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria can receive, integrate, and transmit a variety of signals to shape many biochemical activities of the cell. In the process of tumor onset and growth, mitochondria contribute to the capability of cells of escaping death insults, handling changes in ROS levels, rewiring metabolism, and reprograming gene expression. Therefore, mitochondria can tune the bioenergetic and anabolic needs of neoplastic cells in a rapid and flexible way, and these adaptations are required for cell survival and proliferation in the fluctuating environment of a rapidly growing tumor mass. The molecular bases of pro-neoplastic mitochondrial adaptations are complex and only partially understood. Recently, the mitochondrial molecular chaperone TRAP1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1) was identified as a key regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics in tumor cells, with a profound impact on neoplastic growth. In this review, we analyze these findings and discuss the possibility that targeting TRAP1 constitutes a new antitumor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionica Masgras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Martin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Milano , Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
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39
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Osinga TE, Links TP, Dullaart RPF, Pacak K, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA, Kerstens MN, Kema IP. Emerging role of dopamine in neovascularization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. FASEB J 2017; 31:2226-2240. [PMID: 28264974 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a catecholamine that acts both as a neurotransmitter and as a hormone, exerting its functions via dopamine (DA) receptors that are present in a broad variety of organs and cells throughout the body. In the circulation, DA is primarily stored in and transported by blood platelets. Recently, the important contribution of DA in the regulation of angiogenesis has been recognized. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that DA inhibits angiogenesis through activation of the DA receptor type 2. Overproduction of catecholamines is the biochemical hallmark of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL). The increased production of DA has been shown to be an independent predictor of malignancy in these tumors. The precise relationship underlying the association between DA production and PCC and PGL behavior needs further clarification. Herein, we review the biochemical and physiologic aspects of DA with a focus on its relations with VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor related angiogenesis pathways, with special emphasis on DA producing PCC and PGL.-Osinga, T. E., Links, T. P., Dullaart, R. P. F., Pacak, K., van der Horst-Schrivers, A. N. A., Kerstens, M. N., Kema, I. P. Emerging role of dopamine in neovascularization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara E Osinga
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera P Links
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Semukunzi H, Roy D, Li H, Khan GJ, Lyu X, Yuan S, Lin S. IDH mutations associated impact on related cancer epidemiology and subsequent effect toward HIF-1α. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:805-811. [PMID: 28273642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Particular mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) were discovered in several gliomas citing astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma multiform, but also in leukemia; these mutations were discovered in nearly all cases of secondary glioblastomas, they evolve from lower-grade gliomas, but are limited in primary high-grade glioblastoma multiform. These mutations distinctively produce (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) from alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG). (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate is accumulated to very high concentrations which inhibit the function of enzymes that are dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate. This modification leads to a hyper-methylated state of DNA and histones, resulting in different gene expression that can activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. In our work we review the impact of the mutations that occur in IDH genes, we focus on their impact on distribution in cancer. As IDH mutations appear in many different conditions we expose the extent of IDH mutations and derivate their impact on cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and even their oncogenicity, we will also link their impact to HIF-1α and derivate some target and finally, we present some of the therapeutics under research and out on market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Semukunzi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodan Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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41
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Vatrinet R, Leone G, De Luise M, Girolimetti G, Vidone M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic plasticity. Cancer Metab 2017; 5:3. [PMID: 28184304 PMCID: PMC5289018 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-017-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer. At the hub of various metabolic pathways deeply integrated within mitochondrial functions, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex represents a major modulator of electron transport chain activity and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux, and is a pivotal enzyme in the metabolic reprogramming following a cancer cell’s change in bioenergetic requirements. By contributing to the control of α-ketoglutarate levels, dynamics, and oxidation state, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is also essential in modulating the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the manifold roles that this TCA enzyme and its substrate play in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vatrinet
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Leone
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica De Luise
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Girolimetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Vidone
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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42
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Jin X, Li M, Yin L, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Lv H. Tyroservatide-TPGS-paclitaxel liposomes: Tyroservatide as a targeting ligand for improving breast cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:1105-1115. [PMID: 27845234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyroservatide (YSV) is a tripeptide that has been approved for clinical testing, as a new anticancer drug. In the current study, YSV-stearic acid (YSV-SA) was inserted into the surface of d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate monoester (TPGS)-modified paclitaxel (PTX) liposomes (TP-Lip) to form YSV-conjugated TP-Lip (TYP-Lip). Both in vivo imaging and in vitro cell uptake analysis indicated that these modifications could increase tumor-targeting and cell uptake of the liposomes. Optimal antitumor effects were achieved via tail vein injections of TYP-Lip in MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice. Overall, the formed TYP-Lip not only achieved a synergistic anticancer effect through YSV and PTX, but also improved tumor-targeting and exhibited further antitumor capabilities. These results indicated that combining biological (YSV) and chemotherapeutic (PTX) agents is an efficient combinatorial delivery strategy for enhanced tumor targeting and synergistic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Huixia Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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43
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Mullen PJ, Yu R, Longo J, Archer MC, Penn LZ. The interplay between cell signalling and the mevalonate pathway in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:718-731. [PMID: 27562463 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an essential metabolic pathway that uses acetyl-CoA to produce sterols and isoprenoids that are integral to tumour growth and progression. In recent years, many oncogenic signalling pathways have been shown to increase the activity and/or the expression of MVA pathway enzymes. This Review summarizes recent advances and discusses unique opportunities for immediately targeting this metabolic vulnerability in cancer with agents that have been approved for other therapeutic uses, such as the statin family of drugs, to improve outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mullen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Rosemary Yu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Joseph Longo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Michael C Archer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
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44
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Bohovych I, Khalimonchuk O. Sending Out an SOS: Mitochondria as a Signaling Hub. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:109. [PMID: 27790613 PMCID: PMC5061732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cellular physiology is critically dependent on numerous mitochondrial activities including energy conversion, cofactor and precursor metabolite synthesis, and regulation of ion and redox homeostasis. Advances in mitochondrial research during the last two decades provide solid evidence that these organelles are deeply integrated with the rest of the cell and multiple mechanisms are in place to monitor and communicate functional states of mitochondria. In many cases, however, the exact molecular nature of various mitochondria-to-cell communication pathways is only beginning to emerge. Here, we review various signals emitted by distressed or dysfunctional mitochondria and the stress-responsive pathways activated in response to these signals in order to restore mitochondrial function and promote cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Bohovych
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
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45
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He X, Yan B, Liu S, Jia J, Lai W, Xin X, Tang CE, Luo D, Tan T, Jiang Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Xiao D, Chen L, Liu S, Mao C, Yin G, Cheng Y, Fan J, Cao Y, Muegge K, Tao Y. Chromatin Remodeling Factor LSH Drives Cancer Progression by Suppressing the Activity of Fumarate Hydratase. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5743-5755. [PMID: 27302170 PMCID: PMC7821962 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin modification is pivotal to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers potent metastatic potential to cancer cells. Here, we report a role for the chromatin remodeling factor lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a prevalent cancer in China. LSH expression was increased in NPC, where it was controlled by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded protein LMP1. In NPC cells in vitro and in vivo, LSH promoted cancer progression in part by regulating expression of fumarate hydratase (FH), a core component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. LSH bound to the FH promoter, recruiting the epigenetic silencer factor G9a to repress FH transcription. Clinically, we found that the concentration of TCA intermediates in NPC patient sera was deregulated in the presence of LSH. RNAi-mediated silencing of FH mimicked LSH overexpression, establishing FH as downstream mediator of LSH effects. The TCA intermediates α-KG and citrate potentiated the malignant character of NPC cells, in part by altering IKKα-dependent EMT gene expression. In this manner, LSH furthered malignant progression of NPC by modifying cancer cell metabolism to support EMT. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5743-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen He
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiantao Jia
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Lai
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Xin
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Can-E Tang
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Tan Tan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China
| | - Kathrin Muegge
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Hunan, China. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Ministry of Health, Hunan, China.
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46
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Liu S, Tao YG. Chromatin remodeling factor LSH affects fumarate hydratase as a cancer driver. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:72. [PMID: 27473869 PMCID: PMC4967323 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism and epigenetic alteration are two critical mechanisms for tumorigenesis and cancer progression; however, the dynamic interplay between them remains poorly understood. As reported in the article entitled "Chromatin remodeling factor LSH drives cancer progression by suppressing the activity of fumarate hydratase," which was recently published in Cancer Research, our group examined the physiological role of lymphocyte-specific helicase (LSH) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by focusing on cancer progression and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We found that LSH was overexpressed in NPC, and its expression associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. We also found that LSH directly suppressed fumarate hydratase (FH), a key component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in combination with euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a. Depletion of FH promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, LSH controlled expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates that promote cancer progression, including EMT, through activation by inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase alpha (IKKα), a chromatin modifier and transcriptional activator. Our study showed that LSH plays a critical role in cancer progression, which has important implications for the development of novel strategies to treat NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Guang Tao
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China. .,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Decades ago, Otto Warburg observed that cancers ferment glucose in the presence of oxygen, suggesting that defects in mitochondrial respiration may be the underlying cause of cancer. We now know that the genetic events that drive aberrant cancer cell proliferation also alter biochemical metabolism, including promoting aerobic glycolysis, but do not typically impair mitochondrial function. Mitochondria supply energy; provide building blocks for new cells; and control redox homeostasis, oncogenic signaling, innate immunity, and apoptosis. Indeed, mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control are often upregulated in cancers. While some cancers have mutations in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes that produce oncogenic metabolites, there is negative selection for pathogenic mitochondrial genome mutations. Eliminating mtDNA limits tumorigenesis, and rare human tumors with mutant mitochondrial genomes are relatively benign. Thus, mitochondria play a central and multifunctional role in malignant tumor progression, and targeting mitochondria provides therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Dik E, Naamati A, Asraf H, Lehming N, Pines O. Human Fumarate Hydratase Is Dual Localized by an Alternative Transcription Initiation Mechanism. Traffic 2016; 17:720-32. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dik
- Department of Microbiology Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Adi Naamati
- Department of Microbiology Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Hadar Asraf
- Department of Microbiology Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Norbert Lehming
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Program and the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Ophry Pines
- Department of Microbiology Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Program and the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, De Llorens R, Joven J, Menendez JA. Oncometabolic mutation IDH1 R132H confers a metformin-hypersensitive phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12279-96. [PMID: 25980580 PMCID: PMC4494938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility might be particularly constrained in tumors bearing mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) leading to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxygluratate (2HG). To test the hypothesis that IDH1 mutations could generate metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention, we utilized an MCF10A cell line engineered with an arginine-to-histidine conversion at position 132 (R132H) in the catalytic site of IDH1, which equips the enzyme with a neomorphic α-ketoglutarate to 2HG reducing activity in an otherwise isogenic background. IDH1 R132H/+ and isogenic IDH1 +/+ parental cells were screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput Phenotype MicroArrayplatform comprising >300 nutrients. A radical remodeling of the metabotype occurred in cells carrying the R132H mutation since they presented a markedly altered ability to utilize numerous carbon catabolic fuels. A mitochondria toxicity-screening modality confirmed a severe inability of IDH1-mutated cells to use various carbon substrates that are fed into the electron transport chain at different points. The mitochondrial biguanide poisons, metformin and phenformin, further impaired the intrinsic weakness of IDH1-mutant cells to use certain carbon-energy sources. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming of IDH1-mutant cells increased their sensitivity to metformin in assays of cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, and mammosphere formation. Targeted metabolomics studies revealed that the ability of metformin to interfere with the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle could explain the hypersensitivity of IDH1-mutant cells to biguanides. Moreover, synergistic interactions occurred when metformin treatment was combined with the selective R132H-IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198. Together, these results suggest that therapy involving the simultaneous targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities with metformin, and 2HG overproduction with mutant-selective inhibitors (AGI-5198-related AG-120 [Agios]), might represent a worthwhile avenue of exploration in the treatment of IDH1-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael De Llorens
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia. Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Portraits of TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 36:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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