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Wang S, Yu Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Jiang W, Wang X, Liu R. Prostatic lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells through inducible expression of NKX3-1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:274. [PMID: 39218930 PMCID: PMC11367998 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the lineage differentiation of human prostate not only is crucial for basic research on human developmental biology but also significantly contributes to the management of prostate-related disorders. Current knowledge mainly relies on studies on rodent models, lacking human-derived alternatives despite clinical samples may provide a snapshot at certain stage. Human embryonic stem cells can generate all the embryonic lineages including the prostate, and indeed a few studies demonstrate such possibility based on co-culture or co-transplantation with urogenital mesenchyme into mouse renal capsule. METHODS To establish a stepwise protocol to obtain prostatic organoids in vitro from human embryonic stem cells, we apply chemicals and growth factors by mimicking the regulation network of transcription factors and signal transduction pathways, and construct cell lines carrying an inducible NKX3-1 expressing cassette, together with three-dimensional culture system. Unpaired t test was applied for statistical analyses. RESULTS We first successfully generate the definitive endoderm, hindgut, and urogenital sinus cells. The embryonic stem cell-derived urogenital sinus cells express prostatic key transcription factors AR and FOXA1, but fail to express NKX3-1. Therefore, we construct NKX3-1-inducible cell line by homologous recombination, which is eventually able to yield AR, FOXA1, and NKX3-1 triple-positive urogenital prostatic lineage cells through stepwise differentiation. Finally, combined with 3D culture we successfully derive prostate-like organoids with certain structures and prostatic cell populations. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the crucial role of NKX3-1 in prostatic differentiation and offers the inducible NKX3-1 cell line, as well as provides a stepwise differentiation protocol to generate human prostate-like organoids, which should facilitate the studies on prostate development and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yinglei Li
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianzhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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2
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Liu N, Wang A, Xue M, Zhu X, Liu Y, Chen M. FOXA1 and FOXA2: the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:172. [PMID: 38605023 PMCID: PMC11009302 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
FOXA1 (Forkhead Box A1) and FOXA2 (Forkhead Box A2) serve as pioneering transcription factors that build gene expression capacity and play a central role in biological processes, including organogenesis and differentiation, glycolipid metabolism, proliferation, migration and invasion, and drug resistance. Notably, FOXA1 and FOXA2 may exert antagonistic, synergistic, or complementary effects in the aforementioned biological processes. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in steroid hormone-induced malignancies and highlights potential strategies for targeting FOXA1 and FOXA2 for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the article describes the prospect of targeting upstream regulators of FOXA1/FOXA2 to regulate its expression for cancer therapy because of the drug untargetability of FOXA1/FOXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengen Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minbin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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3
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Hosseinzadeh L, Kikhtyak Z, Laven-Law G, Pederson SM, Puiu CG, D'Santos CS, Lim E, Carroll JS, Tilley WD, Dwyer AR, Hickey TE. The androgen receptor interacts with GATA3 to transcriptionally regulate a luminal epithelial cell phenotype in breast cancer. Genome Biol 2024; 25:44. [PMID: 38317241 PMCID: PMC10840202 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) is a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, a role sustained in some ER negative breast cancers. Key factors dictating AR genomic activity in a breast context are largely unknown. Herein, we employ an unbiased chromatin immunoprecipitation-based proteomic technique to identify endogenous AR interacting co-regulatory proteins in ER positive and negative models of breast cancer to gain new insight into mechanisms of AR signaling in this disease. RESULTS The DNA-binding factor GATA3 is identified and validated as a novel AR interacting protein in breast cancer cells irrespective of ER status. AR activation by the natural ligand 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases nuclear AR-GATA3 interactions, resulting in AR-dependent enrichment of GATA3 chromatin binding at a sub-set of genomic loci. Silencing GATA3 reduces but does not prevent AR DNA binding and transactivation of genes associated with AR/GATA3 co-occupied loci, indicating a co-regulatory role for GATA3 in AR signaling. DHT-induced AR/GATA3 binding coincides with upregulation of luminal differentiation genes, including EHF and KDM4B, established master regulators of a breast epithelial cell lineage. These findings are validated in a patient-derived xenograft model of breast cancer. Interaction between AR and GATA3 is also associated with AR-mediated growth inhibition in ER positive and ER negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AR and GATA3 interact to transcriptionally regulate luminal epithelial cell differentiation in breast cancer regardless of ER status. This interaction facilitates the tumor suppressor function of AR and mechanistically explains why AR expression is associated with less proliferative, more differentiated breast tumors and better overall survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zoya Kikhtyak
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Geraldine Laven-Law
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen M Pederson
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Caroline G Puiu
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clive S D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy R Dwyer
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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4
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Yu Y, Papukashvili D, Ren R, Rcheulishvili N, Feng S, Bai W, Zhang H, Xi Y, Lu X, Xing N. siRNA-based approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2055-2073. [PMID: 37823367 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer through lowering androgen levels; however, this therapy frequently leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is attributed to the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Current treatments targeting AR are often ineffective mostly due to AR gene overexpression and mutations, as well as the presence of splice variants that accelerate CRPC progression. Thus there is a critical need for more specific medication to treat CRPC. Small interfering RNAs have shown great potential as a targeted therapy. This review discusses prostate cancer progression and the role of AR signaling in CRPC, and proposes siRNA-based targeted therapy as a promising strategy for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Ruimin Ren
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Urology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | | | - Shunping Feng
- Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huanhu Zhang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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5
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Fu X, Pereira R, Liu CC, De Angelis C, Shea MJ, Nanda S, Qin L, Mitchell T, Cataldo ML, Veeraraghavan J, Sethunath V, Giuliano M, Gutierrez C, Győrffy B, Trivedi MV, Cohen O, Wagle N, Nardone A, Jeselsohn R, Rimawi MF, Osborne CK, Schiff R. High FOXA1 levels induce ER transcriptional reprogramming, a pro-metastatic secretome, and metastasis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112821. [PMID: 37467106 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the forkhead protein FOXA1 is observed in advanced hormone-related cancers. However, the key mediators of high FOXA1 signaling remain elusive. We demonstrate that ectopic high FOXA1 (H-FOXA1) expression promotes estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, H-FOXA1 reprograms ER-chromatin binding to elicit a core gene signature (CGS) enriched in ER+ endocrine-resistant (EndoR) cells. We identify Secretome14, a CGS subset encoding ER-dependent cancer secretory proteins, as a strong predictor for poor outcomes of ER+ BC. It is elevated in ER+ metastases vs. primary tumors, irrespective of ESR1 mutations. Genomic ER binding near Secretome14 genes is also increased in mutant ER-expressing or mitogen-treated ER+ BC cells and in ER+ metastatic vs. primary tumors, suggesting a convergent pathway including high growth factor receptor signaling in activating pro-metastatic secretome genes. Our findings uncover H-FOXA1-induced ER reprogramming that drives EndoR and metastasis partly via an H-FOXA1/ER-dependent secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Resel Pereira
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chia Liu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin J Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarmistha Nanda
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria L Cataldo
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vidyalakshmi Sethunath
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; RCNS Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Meghana V Trivedi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Agostina Nardone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Van-Duyne G, Blair IA, Sprenger C, Moiseenkova-Bell V, Plymate S, Penning TM. The androgen receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:439-481. [PMID: 37717994 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand (androgen) activated transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. It is required for male sex hormone function. AR-FL (full-length) has the domain structure of NRs, an N-terminal domain (NTD) required for transactivation, a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD). Paradoxes exist in that endogenous ligands testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have differential effects on male sexual development while binding to the same receptor and transcriptional specificity is achieved even though the androgen response elements (AREs) are identical to those seen for the progesterone, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. A high resolution 3-dimensional structure of AR-FL by either cryo-EM or X-ray crystallography has remained elusive largely due to the intrinsic disorder of the NTD. AR function is regulated by post-translational modification leading to a large number of proteoforms. The interaction of these proteoforms in multiprotein complexes with co-activators and co-repressors driven by interdomain coupling mediates the AR transcriptional output. The AR is a drug target for selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMS) that either have anabolic or androgenic effects. Protstate cancer is treated with androgen deprivation therapy or by the use of AR antagonists that bind to the LBD. Drug resistance occurs due to adaptive AR upregulation and the appearance of splice variants that lack the LBD and become constitutively active. Bipolar T treatment and NTD-antagonists could surmount these resistance mechanisms, respectively. These recent advances in AR signaling are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Van-Duyne
- Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cynthia Sprenger
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington and GRECC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Plymate
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington and GRECC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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7
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Singh R, Meng H, Shen T, Lumahan LEV, Nguyen S, Shen H, Dasgupta S, Qin L, Karri D, Zhu B, Yang F, Coarfa C, O’Malley BW, Yi P. TRAF4-mediated nonproteolytic ubiquitination of androgen receptor promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218229120. [PMID: 37155905 PMCID: PMC10193960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218229120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) poses a major clinical challenge with the androgen receptor (AR) remaining to be a critical oncogenic player. Several lines of evidence indicate that AR induces a distinct transcriptional program after androgen deprivation in CRPCs. However, the mechanism triggering AR binding to a distinct set of genomic loci in CRPC and how it promotes CRPC development remain unclear. We demonstrate here that atypical ubiquitination of AR mediated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF4 plays an important role in this process. TRAF4 is highly expressed in CRPCs and promotes CRPC development. It mediates K27-linked ubiquitination at the C-terminal tail of AR and increases its association with the pioneer factor FOXA1. Consequently, AR binds to a distinct set of genomic loci enriched with FOXA1- and HOXB13-binding motifs to drive different transcriptional programs including an olfactory transduction pathway. Through the surprising upregulation of olfactory receptor gene transcription, TRAF4 increases intracellular cAMP levels and boosts E2F transcription factor activity to promote cell proliferation under androgen deprivation conditions. Altogether, these findings reveal a posttranslational mechanism driving AR-regulated transcriptional reprogramming to provide survival advantages for prostate cancer cells under castration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | | | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Dileep Karri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
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8
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Kumar R, Sena LA, Denmeade SR, Kachhap S. The testosterone paradox of advanced prostate cancer: mechanistic insights and clinical implications. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:265-278. [PMID: 36543976 PMCID: PMC10164147 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the benefits of castration for prostate cancer treatment in 1941 led to androgen deprivation therapy, which remains a mainstay of the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer. However, as early as this original publication, the inevitable development of castration-resistant prostate cancer was recognized. Resistance first manifests as a sustained rise in the androgen-responsive gene, PSA, consistent with reactivation of the androgen receptor axis. Evaluation of clinical specimens demonstrates that castration-resistant prostate cancer cells remain addicted to androgen signalling and adapt to chronic low-testosterone states. Paradoxically, results of several studies have suggested that treatment with supraphysiological levels of testosterone can retard prostate cancer growth. Insights from these studies have been used to investigate administration of supraphysiological testosterone to patients with prostate cancer for clinical benefits, a strategy that is termed bipolar androgen therapy (BAT). BAT involves rapid cycling from supraphysiological back to near-castration testosterone levels over a 4-week cycle. Understanding how BAT works at the molecular and cellular levels might help to rationalize combining BAT with other agents to achieve increased efficacy and tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Laura A Sena
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sushant Kachhap
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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9
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Urabe F, Yamamoto Y, Kimura T. miRNAs in prostate cancer: Intercellular and extracellular communications. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1429-1438. [PMID: 36122303 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male cancer in Western Europe and North America. Although new drugs were recently approved, clinical challenges such as accurately predicting and screening drug-resistant prostate cancer remain. microRNAs are short noncoding RNA molecules that participate in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNAs. There is accumulating evidence that intracellular microRNAs play important roles as promoters or inhibitors of prostate cancer progression. Additionally, recent studies showed that microRNAs are encapsulated in extracellular vesicles and shuttled into the extracellular space. Transfer of extracellular microRNAs contributes to intercellular communication between prostate cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment, which can promote prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, due to their encapsulation in extracellular vesicles, extracellular microRNAs can be stably present in body fluids which contain high levels of RNase. Thus, circulating microRNAs have great potential as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the roles of intracellular and extracellular microRNAs in prostate cancer progression and discuss the potential of microRNA-based therapeutics as a novel treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Eickhoff N, Bergman AM, Zwart W. Homing in on a Moving Target: Androgen Receptor Cistromic Plasticity in Prostate Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6705578. [PMID: 36125208 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is the critical driver in prostate cancer and exerts its function mainly through transcriptional control. Recent advances in clinical studies and cell line models have illustrated that AR chromatin binding features are not static; rather they are highly variable yet reproducibly altered between clinical stages. Extensive genomic analyses of AR chromatin binding features in different disease stages have revealed a high degree of plasticity of AR chromatin interactions in clinical samples. Mechanistically, AR chromatin binding patterns are associated with specific somatic mutations on AR and other permutations, including mutations of AR-interacting proteins. Here we summarize the most recent studies on how the AR cistrome is dynamically altered in prostate cancer models and patient samples, and what implications this has for the identification of therapeutic targets to avoid the emergence of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eickhoff
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Shen M, Demers LK, Bailey SD, Labbé DP. To bind or not to bind: Cistromic reprogramming in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963007. [PMID: 36212399 PMCID: PMC9539323 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “cistrome” refers to the genome-wide location of regulatory elements associated with transcription factor binding-sites. The cistrome of key regulatory factors in prostate cancer etiology are substantially reprogrammed and altered during prostatic transformation and disease progression. For instance, the cistrome of the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor central in normal prostate epithelium biology, is directly impacted and substantially reprogrammed during malignant transformation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that additional transcription factors that are frequently mutated, or aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer, such as the pioneer transcription factors Forkhead Box A1 (FOXA1), the homeobox protein HOXB13, and the GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2), and the ETS-related gene (ERG), and the MYC proto-oncogene, contribute to the reprogramming of the AR cistrome. In addition, recent findings have highlighted key roles for the SWI/SNF complex and the chromatin-modifying helicase CHD1 in remodeling the epigenome and altering the AR cistrome during disease progression. In this review, we will cover the role of cistromic reprogramming in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Specifically, we will discuss the impact of key prostate cancer regulators, as well as the role of epigenetic and chromatin regulators in relation to the AR cistrome and the transformation of normal prostate epithelium. Given the importance of chromatin-transcription factor dynamics in normal cellular differentiation and cancer, an in-depth assessment of the factors involved in producing these altered cistromes is of great relevance and provides insight into new therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Shen
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Léa-Kristine Demers
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Swneke D. Bailey
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: David P. Labbé,
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12
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Abstract
Most prostate cancers initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). With the long-term application of ADT, localized prostate cancer will progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and the transcriptional network shifted. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) may play a key role in this process through multiple mechanisms. To better understand the role of FOXA1 in prostate cancer, we review the interplay among FOXA1-targeted genes, modulators of FOXA1, and FOXA1 with a particular emphasis on androgen receptor (AR) function. Furthermore, we discuss the distinct role of FOXA1 mutations in prostate cancer and clinical significance of FOXA1. We summarize possible regulation pathways of FOXA1 in different stages of prostate cancer. We focus on links between FOXA1 and AR, which may play different roles in various types of prostate cancer. Finally, we discuss FOXA1 mutation and its clinical significance in prostate cancer. FOXA1 regulates the development of prostate cancer through various pathways, and it could be a biomarker for mCRPC and NEPC. Future efforts need to focus on mechanisms underlying mutation of FOXA1 in advanced prostate cancer. We believe that FOXA1 would be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tian-Ren Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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13
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Dynamic nucleosome landscape elicits a noncanonical GATA2 pioneer model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3145. [PMID: 35672415 PMCID: PMC9174260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge gaps remain on how nucleosome organization and dynamic reorganization are governed by specific pioneer factors in a genome-wide manner. In this study, we generate over three billons of multi-omics sequencing data to exploit dynamic nucleosome landscape governed by pioneer factors (PFs), FOXA1 and GATA2. We quantitatively define nine functional nucleosome states each with specific characteristic nucleosome footprints in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, we observe dynamic switches among nucleosome states upon androgen stimulation, accompanied by distinct differential (gained or lost) binding of FOXA1, GATA2, H1 as well as many other coregulators. Intriguingly, we reveal a noncanonical pioneer model of GATA2 that it initially functions as a PF binding at the edge of a nucleosome in an inaccessible crowding array. Upon androgen stimulation, GATA2 re-configures an inaccessible to accessible nucleosome state and subsequently acts as a master transcription factor either directly or recruits signaling specific transcription factors to enhance WNT signaling in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent manner. Our data elicit a pioneer and master dual role of GATA2 in mediating nucleosome dynamics and enhancing downstream signaling pathways. Our work offers structural and mechanistic insight into the dynamics of pioneer factors governing nucleosome reorganization.
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14
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Forouhan M, Lim WF, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Tynan CJ, Roberts TC, Malik B, Manzano R, Speciale AA, Ellerington R, Garcia-Guerra A, Fratta P, Sorarú G, Greensmith L, Pennuto M, Wood MJA, Rinaldi C. AR cooperates with SMAD4 to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:713-731. [PMID: 35522298 PMCID: PMC9107400 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen-related molecules exert a plethora of functions across different tissues, mainly through binding to the transcription factor androgen receptor (AR). Despite widespread therapeutic use and misuse of androgens as potent anabolic agents, the molecular mechanisms of this effect on skeletal muscle are currently unknown. Muscle mass in adulthood is mainly regulated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) axis of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway via recruitment of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) protein. Here we show that, upon activation, AR forms a transcriptional complex with SMAD4 to orchestrate a muscle hypertrophy programme by modulating SMAD4 chromatin binding dynamics and enhancing its transactivation activity. We challenged this mechanism of action using spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) as a model of study. This adult-onset neuromuscular disease is caused by a polyglutamine expansion (polyQ) in AR and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy secondary to a combination of lower motor neuron degeneration and primary muscle atrophy. Here we found that the presence of an elongated polyQ tract impairs AR cooperativity with SMAD4, leading to an inability to mount an effective anti-atrophy gene expression programme in skeletal muscle in response to denervation. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus, serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated muscle-restricted delivery of BMP7 is able to rescue the muscle atrophy in SBMA mice, supporting the development of treatments able to fine-tune AR-SMAD4 transcriptional cooperativity as a promising target for SBMA and other conditions associated with muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Forouhan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Wooi Fang Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Bilal Malik
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alfina A Speciale
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Ruth Ellerington
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Antonio Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gianni Sorarú
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Leach DA, Fernandes RC, Bevan CL. Cellular specificity of androgen receptor, coregulators, and pioneer factors in prostate cancer. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:R112-R131. [PMID: 37435460 PMCID: PMC10259329 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Androgen signalling, through the transcription factor androgen receptor (AR), is vital to all stages of prostate development and most prostate cancer progression. AR signalling controls differentiation, morphogenesis, and function of the prostate. It also drives proliferation and survival in prostate cancer cells as the tumour progresses; given this importance, it is the main therapeutic target for disseminated disease. AR is also essential in the surrounding stroma, for the embryonic development of the prostate and controlling epithelial glandular development. Stromal AR is also important in cancer initiation, regulating paracrine factors that excite cancer cell proliferation, but lower stromal AR expression correlates with shorter time to progression/worse outcomes. The profile of AR target genes is different between benign and cancerous epithelial cells, between castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells and treatment-naïve cancer cells, between metastatic and primary cancer cells, and between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This is also true of AR DNA-binding profiles. Potentially regulating the cellular specificity of AR binding and action are pioneer factors and coregulators, which control and influence the ability of AR to bind to chromatin and regulate gene expression. The expression of these factors differs between benign and cancerous cells, as well as throughout disease progression. The expression profile is also different between fibroblast and mesenchymal cell types. The functional importance of coregulators and pioneer factors in androgen signalling makes them attractive therapeutic targets, but given the contextual expression of these factors, it is essential to understand their roles in different cancerous and cell-lineage states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Rayzel C Fernandes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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16
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Epigenetic Coregulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:277-293. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Cheng Q, Butler W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Tang L, Perkinson K, Chen X, Jiang X“S, McCall SJ, Inman BA, Huang J. Pre-existing Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer–like Cells in Primary Prostate Cancer Promote Resistance to Hormonal Therapy. Eur Urol 2022; 81:446-455. [PMID: 35058087 PMCID: PMC9018600 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal therapy targeting the androgen receptor inhibits prostate cancer (PCa), but the tumor eventually recurs as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). OBJECTIVE To understand the mechanisms by which subclones within early PCa develop into CRPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We isolated epithelial cells from fresh human PCa cases, including primary adenocarcinoma, locally recurrent CRPC, and metastatic CRPC, and utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to identify subpopulations destined to become either CRPC-adeno or small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We revealed dynamic transcriptional reprogramming that promotes disease progression among 23226 epithelial cells using single-cell RNA sequencing, and validated subset-specific progression using immunohistochemistry and large cohorts of publically available genomic data. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We identified a small fraction of highly plastic CRPC-like cells in hormone-naïve early PCa and demonstrated its correlation with biochemical recurrence and distant metastasis, independent of clinical characteristics. We show that progression toward castration resistance was initiated from subtype-specific lineage plasticity and clonal expansion of pre-existing neuroendocrine and CRPC-like cells in early PCa. CONCLUSIONS CRPC-like cells are present early in the development of PCa and are not exclusively the result of acquired evolutionary selection during androgen deprivation therapy. The lethal CRPC and SCNC phenotypes should be targeted earlier in the disease course of patients with PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY Here, we report the presence of pre-existing castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-like cells in primary prostate cancer, which represents a novel castration-resistant mechanism different from the adaptation mechanism after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients whose tumors harbor increased pre-existing neuroendocrine and CRPC-like cells may become rapidly resistant to ADT and may require aggressive early intervention.
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18
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Servetto A, Kollipara R, Formisano L, Lin CC, Lee KM, Sudhan DR, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Chatterjee S, Guerrero-Zotano A, Mendiratta S, Akamatsu H, James N, Bianco R, Hanker AB, Kittler R, Arteaga CL. Nuclear FGFR1 Regulates Gene Transcription and Promotes Antiestrogen Resistance in ER + Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4379-4396. [PMID: 34011560 PMCID: PMC8338892 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FGFR1 overexpression has been associated with endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer. We found FGFR1 localized in the nucleus of breast cancer cells in primary tumors resistant to estrogen suppression. We investigated a role of nuclear FGFR1 on gene transcription and antiestrogen resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors from patients treated with letrozole were subjected to Ki67 and FGFR1 IHC. MCF7 cells were transduced with FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) to promote nuclear FGFR1 overexpression. FGFR1 genomic activity in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer cells ± FOXA1 siRNA or ± the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erdafitinib was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The nuclear and chromatin-bound FGFR1 interactome was investigated by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS High nuclear FGFR1 expression in ER+ primary tumors positively correlated with post-letrozole Ki67 values. Nuclear FGFR1 overexpression influenced gene transcription and promoted resistance to estrogen suppression and to fulvestrant in vivo. A gene expression signature induced by nuclear FGFR1 correlated with shorter survival in the METABRIC cohort of patients treated with antiestrogens. ChIP-Seq revealed FGFR1 occupancy at transcription start sites, overlapping with active transcription histone marks. MS analysis of the nuclear FGFR1 interactome identified phosphorylated RNA-Polymerase II and FOXA1, with FOXA1 RNAi impairing FGFR1 recruitment to chromatin. Treatment with erdafitinib did not impair nuclear FGFR1 translocation and genomic activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest nuclear FGFR1 contributes to endocrine resistance by modulating gene transcription in ER+ breast cancer. Nuclear FGFR1 activity was unaffected by FGFR TKIs, thus supporting the development of treatment strategies to inhibit nuclear FGFR1 in ER+/FGFR1 overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Servetto
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Rahul Kollipara
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chang-Ching Lin
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Dhivya R. Sudhan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Saurabh Mendiratta
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Nicholas James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, Hawaii
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas.,Corresponding Author: Carlos L. Arteaga, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390–8590. E-mail:
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19
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FOXA1 promotes prostate cancer angiogenesis by inducing multiple pro-angiogenic factors expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3225-3243. [PMID: 34258652 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FOXA1, as a pioneering transcription factor, has been shown to drive prostate cancer progression. Previous studies showed that FOXA1 expression in prostate cancer was positively associated with cancer angiolymphatic invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation between FOXA1 and prostate cancer angiolymphatic invasion and metastasis remains largely unclear. METHODS Herein, we set out to investigate the role of FOXA1 in the interactions between prostate cancer cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells' phenotypes were assessed through CCK-8 assay, Transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay. The angiogenic factors acting on endothelial cells mediated by FOXA1were characterized by RNA-seq, qPCR array, angiogenesis cytokines array, and ELISA assay. The impact of FOXA1 on tumor angiogenesis was examined in a xenograft model in nude mice. The effect of FOXA1 on prostate cancer angiogenesis was validated on a primary prostate cancer tissue microarray. RESULTS FOXA1 expression in prostate cancer cells promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. Mechanistically, FOXA1 increased pro-angiogenic factors production, including EGF, Endothelin-1, and Endoglin. Moreover, in vivo study showed that FOXA1 facilitated tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, clinical samples investigation indicated that FOXA1 enhanced prostate cancer angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings illustrated a tumor angiogenesis-promoting role of FOXA1 in prostate cancer.
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20
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Gupta S, Halabi S, Kemeny G, Anand M, Giannakakou P, Nanus DM, George DJ, Gregory SG, Armstrong AJ. Circulating Tumor Cell Genomic Evolution and Hormone Therapy Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1040-1050. [PMID: 33771885 PMCID: PMC8178231 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Men with circulating tumor cell (CTC) AR-V7-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have worse outcomes when treated with enzalutamide/abiraterone. However, most men lack CTC AR-V7 detection, and additional predictive biomarkers are needed. We conducted a retrospective secondary analysis of the prospective PROPHECY trial (NCT02269982) of men with mCRPC undergoing treatment with enzalutamide/abiraterone, analyzing pooled CTC and germline DNA for whole-genome copy-number alterations (CNA) in 73 samples from 48 men over time along with pooled CTC and germline whole-exome sequencing on 22 paired samples before and following progression on androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor therapy to identify somatic genomic alterations associated with acquired resistance. We observed broad interpatient and longitudinal CTC genomic heterogeneity from AR-V7-negative men with mCRPC, including common gains of KDM6A, MYCN, and AR, and loss of ZFHX3, BRCA1, and PTEN. Men who had progression-free survival of ≤3 months despite enzalutamide/abiraterone treatment were more likely to have baseline CTC genomic loss of CHD1, PTEN, PHLPP1, and ZFHX3 and gains of BRCA2, KDM5D, MYCN, and SPARC. After progression on abiraterone/enzalutamide, we observed clonal evolution of CTCs harboring TP53 mutations and gain of ATM, KDM6A, and MYC, and loss of NCOR1, PTEN, RB1, and RUNX2. CTC genomic findings were independently confirmed in a separate cohort of mCRPC men who progressed despite prior treatment with abiraterone/enzalutamide (NCT02204943). IMPLICATIONS: We identified common and reproducible genomic alterations in CTCs from AR-V7-negative mCRPC men associated with poor outcomes during enzalutamide/abiraterone treatment, including CNAs in genes linked to lineage plasticity and epigenetic signaling, DNA repair, AR, TP53/RB1, PTEN, and WNT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolin
- Epic Sciences, San Diego, California
| | - Susan Halabi
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabor Kemeny
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Monika Anand
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel J George
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolin
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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21
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Huang CCF, Lingadahalli S, Morova T, Ozturan D, Hu E, Yu IPL, Linder S, Hoogstraat M, Stelloo S, Sar F, van der Poel H, Altintas UB, Saffarzadeh M, Le Bihan S, McConeghy B, Gokbayrak B, Feng FY, Gleave ME, Bergman AM, Collins C, Hach F, Zwart W, Emberly E, Lack NA. Functional mapping of androgen receptor enhancer activity. Genome Biol 2021; 22:149. [PMID: 33975627 PMCID: PMC8112059 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen receptor (AR) is critical to the initiation, growth, and progression of prostate cancer. Once activated, the AR binds to cis-regulatory enhancer elements on DNA that drive gene expression. Yet, there are 10–100× more binding sites than differentially expressed genes. It is unclear how or if these excess binding sites impact gene transcription. Results To characterize the regulatory logic of AR-mediated transcription, we generated a locus-specific map of enhancer activity by functionally testing all common clinical AR binding sites with Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Regions sequencing (STARRseq). Only 7% of AR binding sites displayed androgen-dependent enhancer activity. Instead, the vast majority of AR binding sites were either inactive or constitutively active enhancers. These annotations strongly correlated with enhancer-associated features of both in vitro cell lines and clinical prostate cancer samples. Evaluating the effect of each enhancer class on transcription, we found that AR-regulated enhancers frequently interact with promoters and form central chromosomal loops that are required for transcription. Somatic mutations of these critical AR-regulated enhancers often impact enhancer activity. Conclusions Using a functional map of AR enhancer activity, we demonstrated that AR-regulated enhancers act as a regulatory hub that increases interactions with other AR binding sites and gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Flora Huang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shreyas Lingadahalli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tunc Morova
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dogancan Ozturan
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eugene Hu
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Ivan Pak Lok Yu
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon Linder
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Hoogstraat
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Funda Sar
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henk van der Poel
- Division of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Umut Berkay Altintas
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammadali Saffarzadeh
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephane Le Bihan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian McConeghy
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bengul Gokbayrak
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Faraz Hach
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon Emberly
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Yang J, Fan Y, Xie B, Yang D. A Combination of RNA-Seq Analysis and Use of TCGA Database for Determining the Molecular Mechanism and Identifying Potential Drugs for GJB1 in Ovarian Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2623-2633. [PMID: 33883906 PMCID: PMC8055374 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s303589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been increasing evidence for the vital role played by gap junction protein beta-1 (GJB1) in ovarian cancer (OC) and for the possibility of this protein serving as a therapeutic target. However, the detailed mechanism of GJB1 in OC has not yet been clearly determined. The current study aimed to establish the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of GJB1 in OC and to further predict potential drugs targeting this protein. Methods To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of GJB1 in OC, RNA-Seq transcriptome sequencing was performed. Then, we carried out an RNA-Seq analysis to determine the genes differentially co-expressed with GJB1. Subsequently, we carried out bioinformation methods to study the upstream regulatory transcriptional factor (TF) of GJB1. Further, the binding of FOXA1 and GJB1 promoter was tested using ChIP-qPCR. Moreover, we performed pathway enrichment to identify the downstream regulatory mechanisms of GJB1. Furthermore, potential drugs targeting GJB1 were screened using AutoDock 4.2. Results We constructed the transcriptional factor FOXA1 regulatory network based on the AnimalTFDB, JASPAR, RNA-Seq, TCGA cohort and ChIP-qPCR to study the upstream regulation of GJB1. In addition, two key pathways for the involvement of GJB1 in OC-namely the "ECM-receptor interaction" and "focal adhesion" KEGG pathways-were identified. Furthermore, ZINC000005552022 was found in a screening to be a potentially promising drug targeting GJB1. Conclusion Our study results suggested that the transcriptional factor FOXA1 regulates the involvement of GJB1 in OC through ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion KEGG pathways, and that ZINC000005552022 may have promising potential as a drug targeting GJB1; this finding might be used to help accelerate drug development and improve the outcomes for patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Fan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Xie
- Faculty of Health, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Health, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Kumar U, Ardasheva A, Mahmud Z, Coombes RC, Yagüe E. FOXA1 is a determinant of drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:317-326. [PMID: 33417085 PMCID: PMC7990828 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Five subtypes of breast cancer differ in their genetic expression profiles and carry different prognostic values, with no treatments available for some types, such as triple-negative, due to the absence of genetic signatures that could otherwise be targeted by molecular therapies. Although endocrine treatments are largely successful for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers, a significant proportion of patients with metastatic tumors fail to respond and acquire resistance to therapy. FOXA1 overexpression mediates endocrine therapy resistance in ER-positive breast cancer, although the regulation of chemotherapy response by FOXA1 has not been addressed previously. FOXA1, together with EP300 and RUNX1, regulates the expression of E-cadherin, and is expressed in luminal, but absent in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers. We have previously determined that EP300 regulates drug resistance and tumor initiation capabilities in breast cancer cells. METHODS Here we describe the generation of breast cancer cell models in which FOXA1 expression has been modulated either by expression of hairpins targeting FOXA1 mRNA or overexpression plasmids. RESULTS Upon FOXA1 knockdown in luminal MCF-7 and T47D cells, we found an increase in doxorubicin and paclitaxel sensitivity as well as a decrease in anchorage independence. Conversely, upregulation of FOXA1 in basal-like MDA-MB-231 cells led to an increase in drug resistance and anchorage independence. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that FOXA1 plays a role in making tumors more aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttom Kumar
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anastasia Ardasheva
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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24
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Fernandes RC, Toubia J, Townley S, Hanson AR, Dredge BK, Pillman KA, Bert AG, Winter JM, Iggo R, Das R, Obinata D, Sandhu S, Risbridger GP, Taylor RA, Lawrence MG, Butler LM, Zoubeidi A, Gregory PA, Tilley WD, Hickey TE, Goodall GJ, Selth LA. Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by MicroRNA-194 Promotes Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation in Prostate Cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108585. [PMID: 33406413 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent therapeutic inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate adenocarcinoma can lead to the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a phenomenon associated with enhanced cell plasticity. Here, we show that microRNA-194 (miR-194) is a regulator of epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. In clinical prostate cancer samples, miR-194 expression and activity were elevated in NEPC and inversely correlated with AR signaling. miR-194 facilitated the emergence of neuroendocrine features in prostate cancer cells, a process mediated by its ability to directly target a suite of genes involved in cell plasticity. One such target was FOXA1, which encodes a transcription factor with a vital role in maintaining the prostate epithelial lineage. Importantly, a miR-194 inhibitor blocked epithelial-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and inhibited the growth of cell lines and patient-derived organoids possessing neuroendocrine features. Overall, our study reveals a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating the plasticity of prostate cancer cells and provides a rationale for targeting miR-194 in NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayzel C Fernandes
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Scott Townley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - B Kate Dredge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard Iggo
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Institut Bergonié Unicancer, INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | -
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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25
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Wang L, Xu M, Kao CY, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Small molecule JQ1 promotes prostate cancer invasion via BET-independent inactivation of FOXA1. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1782-1792. [PMID: 31874106 DOI: 10.1172/jci126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, such as the small molecule JQ1, are potent growth inhibitors of many cancers and hold promise for cancer therapy. However, some reports have also revealed that JQ1 can activate additional oncogenic pathways and may affect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, it is important to address the potential unexpected effect of JQ1 treatment, such as cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we showed that in prostate cancer, JQ1 inhibited cancer cell growth but promoted invasion and metastasis in a BET protein-independent manner. Multiple invasion pathways including EMT, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, chemokine signaling, and focal adhesion were activated by JQ1 to promote invasion. Notably, JQ1 induced upregulation of invasion genes through inhibition of Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), an invasion suppressor in prostate cancer. JQ1 directly interacted with FOXA1 and inactivated FOXA1 binding to its interacting repressors TLE3, HDAC7, and NFIC, thereby blocking FOXA1-repressive function and activating the invasion genes. Our findings indicate that JQ1 has an unexpected effect of promoting invasion in prostate cancer. Thus, the ill effect of JQ1 or its derived therapeutic agents cannot be ignored during cancer treatment, especially in FOXA1-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and
| | - Mafei Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and
| | | | - Sophia Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Michmerhuizen AR, Spratt DE, Pierce LJ, Speers CW. ARe we there yet? Understanding androgen receptor signaling in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:47. [PMID: 33062889 PMCID: PMC7519666 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of androgen receptor (AR) activation and expression is well understood in prostate cancer. In breast cancer, expression and activation of AR is increasingly recognized for its role in cancer development and its importance in promoting cell growth in the presence or absence of estrogen. As both prostate and breast cancers often share a reliance on nuclear hormone signaling, there is increasing appreciation of the overlap between activated cellular pathways in these cancers in response to androgen signaling. Targeting of the androgen receptor as a monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapies has proven to be an effective clinical strategy for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer, and these therapeutic strategies are increasingly being investigated in breast cancer. This overlap suggests that targeting androgens and AR signaling in other cancer types may also be effective. This manuscript will review the role of AR in various cellular processes that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis, first in prostate cancer and then in breast cancer, as well as discuss ongoing efforts to target AR for the more effective treatment and prevention of cancer, especially breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Michmerhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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27
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SETD1A Promotes Proliferation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via FOXM1 Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071736. [PMID: 32629770 PMCID: PMC7407996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy eventually leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is a major regulator for the proliferation of metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). The expression of SETD1A was significantly correlated with the survival rate of patients with prostate cancer. SETD1A, which is expressed at a higher level in mCRPC than in primary prostate cancer cells, promotes the expression of FOXM1, a gene encoding a cell proliferation-specific transcription factor. SETD1A is recruited to the promoter region of FOXM1 (forkhead box M1) upon binding to E2F1, a protein that regulates the transcription of FOXM1 and contributes to the trimethylation of H3K4 in the FOXM1 promoter region. In addition, SETD1A is essential for the expression of stem cell factor (e.g., OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4) and stem cell formation in mCRPC, suggesting the importance of SETD1A expression in mCRPC tumor formation. Notably, poor prognosis is associated with high expression of the SETD1A-FOXM1 pair in clinical data sets. Therefore, our study suggests that SETD1A plays an important role in the proliferation of mCRPC by regulating FOXM1 transcription.
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28
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Hankey W, Chen Z, Wang Q. Shaping Chromatin States in Prostate Cancer by Pioneer Transcription Factors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2427-2436. [PMID: 32094298 PMCID: PMC7299826 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical therapeutic target in prostate cancer that responds to antagonists in primary disease, but inevitably becomes reactivated, signaling onset of the lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage. Epigenomic investigation of the chromatin environment and interacting partners required for AR transcriptional activity has uncovered three pioneer factors that open up chromatin and facilitate AR-driven transcriptional programs. FOXA1, HOXB13, and GATA2 are required for normal AR transcription in prostate epithelial development and for oncogenic AR transcription during prostate carcinogenesis. AR signaling is dependent upon these three pioneer factors both before and after the clinical transition from treatable androgen-dependent disease to untreatable CRPC. Agents targeting their respective DNA binding or downstream chromatin-remodeling events have shown promise in preclinical studies of CRPC. AR-independent functions of FOXA1, HOXB13, and GATA2 are emerging as well. While all three pioneer factors exert effects that promote carcinogenesis, some of their functions may inhibit certain stages of prostate cancer progression. In all, these pioneer factors represent some of the most promising potential therapeutic targets to emerge thus far from the study of the prostate cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hankey
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Qianben Wang
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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29
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Mazrooei P, Kron KJ, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Grillo G, Mehdi T, Ahmed M, Severson TM, Guilhamon P, Armstrong NS, Huang V, Yamaguchi TN, Fraser M, van der Kwast T, Boutros PC, He HH, Bergman AM, Bristow RG, Zwart W, Lupien M. Cistrome Partitioning Reveals Convergence of Somatic Mutations and Risk Variants on Master Transcription Regulators in Primary Prostate Tumors. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:674-689.e6. [PMID: 31735626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of noncoding somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of unknown function are reported in tumors. Partitioning the genome according to cistromes reveals the enrichment of somatic SNVs in prostate tumors as opposed to adjacent normal tissue cistromes of master transcription regulators, including AR, FOXA1, and HOXB13. This parallels enrichment of prostate cancer genetic predispositions over these transcription regulators' tumor cistromes, exemplified at the 8q24 locus harboring both risk variants and somatic SNVs in cis-regulatory elements upregulating MYC expression. However, Massively Parallel Reporter Assays reveal that few SNVs can alter the transactivation potential of individual cis-regulatory elements. Instead, similar to inherited risk variants, SNVs accumulate in cistromes of master transcription regulators required for prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mazrooei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Giacomo Grillo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tahmid Mehdi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tesa M Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Guilhamon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Huang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | | | - Michael Fraser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert G Bristow
- CRUK Manchester Institute and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
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30
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Copeland BT, Du J, Pal SK, Jones JO. Factors that influence the androgen receptor cistrome in benign and malignant prostate cells. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2616-2632. [PMID: 31520575 PMCID: PMC6887583 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays key roles in the development of prostate tissue and the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). AR guides cytodifferentiation and homeostasis in benign luminal epithelial cells; however, in PC, AR instead drives the uncontrolled proliferation of these cells. This ‘AR malignancy shift’ (AMS) is a central event in tumorigenesis. Using a ChIP‐seq approach in primary human tissues, cell lines, and mouse models, we demonstrate that the AMS occurs in every sample analyzed, suggesting that it is necessary for PC development. Using molecular and genetic techniques, we demonstrate that forkhead box (FOX)A1, HOXB13, GATA2, and c‐JUN are involved in the regulation of the AMS. AR‐binding sites (ARBS) are enriched for FOX, HOX, and GATA motifs in PC cells but not for c‐JUN motifs in benign cells. We show that the SPOP mutation commonly found in localized PCs can cause the AMS but is not transformative on its own and must be coupled to another mutation to transform cells. We show that the AMS occurs in mouse models of PC as well and that chronic low T, which is associated with increased PC risk and aggressiveness in humans, also causes the AMS in mice. We have discovered a previously unrecognized, fundamental tenet of PC, one which explains how and why AR signaling is different in cancer and benign cells. Our work has the potential to be used to stratify patients with localized PC for specific treatments. Furthermore, our work suggests that the AMS is a novel target for the treatment and/or prevention of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Copeland
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Deparment of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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31
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Paakinaho V, Swinstead EE, Presman DM, Grøntved L, Hager GL. Meta-analysis of Chromatin Programming by Steroid Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3523-3534.e2. [PMID: 31553919 PMCID: PMC6914262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) must access chromatin to bind to their response elements and regulate gene expression. A widely accepted model proposes that only a special subset of TFs, pioneer factors, can associate with condensed chromatin and initiate chromatin opening. We previously reported that steroid receptors (SRs), not considered pioneer factors, can assist the binding of an archetypal pioneer, the forkhead box protein 1 (FOXA1), at a subset of receptor-activated enhancers. These findings have been challenged recently, with the suggestion that newly acquired data fully support the prevailing pioneer model. Here, we reexamine our results and confirm the original conclusions. We also analyze and discuss a number of available datasets relevant to chromatin penetration by SRs and find a general consensus supporting our original observations. Hence, we propose that chromatin opening at some sites can be initiated by SRs, with a parallel recruitment of factors often treated as having a unique pioneer function. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Glont et al. (2019), published in Cell Reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erin E Swinstead
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
| | - Diego M Presman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA.
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32
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de Kruijff IE, Sieuwerts AM, Onstenk W, Kraan J, Smid M, Van MN, van der Vlugt-Daane M, Hoop EOD, Mathijssen RHJ, Lolkema MP, de Wit R, Hamberg P, Meulenbeld HJ, Beeker A, Creemers GJ, Martens JWM, Sleijfer S. Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration and Characterization in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Cabazitaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081212. [PMID: 31434336 PMCID: PMC6721462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Markers identifying which patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will benefit from cabazitaxel therapy are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify markers associated with outcome to cabazitaxel therapy based on counts and gene expression profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). (2) Methods: From 120 mCRPC patients, CellSearch enriched CTCs were obtained at baseline and after 6 weeks of cabazitaxel therapy. Furthermore, 91 genes associated with prostate cancer were measured in mRNA of these CTCs. (3) Results: In 114 mCRPC patients with an evaluable CTC count, the CTC count was independently associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis with other commonly used variables associated with outcome in mCRPC (age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, hemoglobin), together with alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin. A five-gene expression profile was generated to predict for outcome to cabazitaxel therapy. However, even though this signature was associated with OS in univariate analysis, this was not the case in the multivariate analysis for OS nor for PFS. (4) Conclusion: The established five-gene expression profile in CTCs was not independently associated with PFS nor OS. However, along with alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin, CTC-count is independently associated with PFS and OS in mCRPC patients who are treated with cabazitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg E de Kruijff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Onstenk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai N Van
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle van der Vlugt-Daane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hielke J Meulenbeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, 7334 DZ Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Aart Beeker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Creemers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Ziekenhuis, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Yang R, Browne JA, Eggener SE, Leir SH, Harris A. A novel transcriptional network for the androgen receptor in human epididymis epithelial cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:433-443. [PMID: 30016502 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the transcriptional network governed by the androgen receptor (AR) in human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells from the caput region and if the network is tissue-specific, how is this achieved? SUMMARY ANSWER About 200 genes are differentially expressed in the caput HEE cells after AR activation; the AR transcriptional network is tissue-specific and may be mediated in part by distinct AR co-factors including CAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Little is known about the AR transcriptional program genome wide in HEE cells, nor its co-factors in those cells. AR has been best studied in the prostate gland epithelium and prostate cancer cell lines, due to the important role of this factor in prostate cancer. However AR-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and AR co-factors have not yet been compared between human epididymis and prostate epithelial cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Caput HEE cells from two donors were exposed to the synthetic androgen R1881 at 1 nM for 12-16 h after 72 h of hormone starvation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Chromatin was prepared from R1881-treated and vehicle control HEE cells. AR-associated chromatin was purified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and AR occupancy genome wide was revealed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq). Two independent biological replicates were performed. Total RNA was prepared from R1881 and control-treated HEE cells and gene expression profiles were documented by RNA-seq. The interaction of the potential novel AR co-factors CEBPB and RUNX1, identified through in-silico motif analysis of AR ChIP-seq data, was examined by ChIP-qPCR after siRNA-mediated depletion of each co-factor individually or simultaneously. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The results identify about 200 genes that are differentially expressed (DEGs) in HEE cells after AR activation. Some of these DEGs show occupancy of AR at their promoters or cis-regulatory elements suggesting direct regulation. However, there is little overlap in AR-associated DEGs between HEE and prostate epithelial cells. Inspection of over-represented motifs in AR ChIP-seq peaks identified CEBPB and RUNX1 as potential co-factors, with no evidence for FOXA1, which is an important co-factor in the prostate epithelium. CEBPB and RUNX1 ChIP-seq in HEE cells showed that both these factors often occupied AR-binding sites, though rarely simultaneously. Further analysis at a single AR-regulated locus (FK506-binding protein 5, FKPB5) suggests that CEBPB may be a co-activator. These data suggest a novel AR transcriptional network governs differentiated functions of the human epididymis epithelium. LARGE SCALE DATA AR ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data are deposited at GEO: GSE109063. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There is substantial donor-to-donor variation in primary HEE cells cultures. We applied stringent statistical tests with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.1% for ChIP-seq and standard pipelines for RNA-seq so it is possible that we have missed some AR-regulated genes that are important in caput epididymis function. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data suggest that a novel AR transcriptional network governs differentiated functions of the human epididymis epithelium. Since this cell layer has a critical role in normal sperm maturation, the results are of broader significance in understanding the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of fertility in men. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development: R01 HD068901 (PI: Harris). The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James A Browne
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Section of Urology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Segalés L, Safont A, Juanpere N, Lorenzo M, Fumadó L, Rodríguez-Vida A, Cecchini L, Bellmunt J, Lloreta-Trull J. SPOP and FOXA1 mutations are associated with PSA recurrence in ERG wt tumors, and SPOP downregulation with ERG-rearranged prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1156-1165. [PMID: 31090082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERG fusion-related prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most prevalent oncogenic driver subclass. SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 mutations are other three main oncogenic driver subclasses in non-ETS-fusion PrCa. ERG protein levels seem to be increased in SPOP-mutated cases, and different studies reported that SPOP mutations and ERG fusions are mutually exclusive. The aim of this study has been to analyze the alterations in non-ETS-oncogenic drivers in PrCa. METHODS SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH mutations were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger direct sequencing. ERG, SPOP, and TMPRSS2-ERG messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR from complementary DNA, and the presence of the fusion was also analyzed by nonquantitative PCR. The clinical pathological features were retrieved from the charts of the 111 patients included in the study (MARBiobanc, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS Loss of SPOP expression (25.2%) was associated with ERG overexpression (P = 0.0036). SPOP mutations were found in 5.4% cases, all with wild-type (wt) ERG (P = 0.007). FOXA1 mutations were found in 8.2% cases, most of them ERG wt (P = 0.06). No IDH1 mutations were found. SPOP or FOXA1 mutations were found in 1.7% of ERG-rearranged, and 34.2% of non-ERG-rearranged cases (P < 0.0001). SPOP or FOXA1 alterations (mutations or expression loss) were significantly more common in GG5, while isolated ERG overexpression was more common in GG1 tumors (P = 0.042). SPOP-or FOXA1-mutated cases were associated with a shorter time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in the univariate (P = 0.0009), and with the PSA recurrence risk in the multivariate (P = 0.023) analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SPOP and FOXA1 mutations may have prognostic value in ERG wt tumors. Interestingly, in absence of SPOP mutations, downregulation of this gene is a feature of many ERG-rearranged prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segalés
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Safont
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodríguez-Vida
- Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Parolia A, Cieslik M, Chu SC, Xiao L, Ouchi T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Vats P, Cao X, Pitchiaya S, Su F, Wang R, Feng FY, Wu YM, Lonigro RJ, Robinson DR, Chinnaiyan AM. Distinct structural classes of activating FOXA1 alterations in advanced prostate cancer. Nature 2019; 571:413-418. [PMID: 31243372 PMCID: PMC6661908 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer transcription factor that is essential for the normal development of several endoderm-derived organs, including the prostate gland1,2. FOXA1 is frequently mutated in the hormone-receptor driven prostate, breast, bladder, and salivary gland tumors3–8. However, how FOXA1 alterations affect cancer development is unclear, with FOXA1 previously ascribed both tumor suppressive9–11 and oncogenic12–14 roles. Here we assemble an aggregate cohort of 1546 prostate cancers (PCa) and show that FOXA1 alterations fall into three distinct structural classes that diverge in clinical incidence and genetic co-alteration profiles, with a collective prevalence of 35%. Class1 activating mutations originate in early PCa without ETS/SPOP alterations, selectively recur within the Wing2-region of the DNA-binding Forkhead domain (FKHD), enable enhanced chromatin mobility and binding frequency, and strongly transactivate a luminal androgen receptor (AR) program of prostate oncogenesis. By contrast, class2 activating mutations are acquired in metastatic PCa, truncate the C-terminal domain of FOXA1, enable dominant chromatin binding by increasing DNA affinity, and through TLE3 inactivation promote WNT-pathway driven metastasis. Finally, class3 genomic rearrangements are enriched in metastatic PCa, comprise of duplications and translocations within the FOXA1 locus, and structurally reposition a conserved regulatory element, herein denoted FOXA1 Mastermind (FOXMIND), to drive overexpression of FOXA1 or other oncogenes. Our study reaffirms the central role of FOXA1 in mediating AR-driven oncogenesis, and provides mechanistic insights into how different classes of FOXA1 alterations uniquely promote PCa initiation and/or metastatic progression. Furthermore, these results have direct implications in understanding the pathobiology of other hormone-receptor driven cancers and rationalize therapeutic co-targeting of FOXA1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Parolia
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Chu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takahiro Ouchi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fengyun Su
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert J Lonigro
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dan R Robinson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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36
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Braadland PR, Urbanucci A. Chromatin reprogramming as an adaptation mechanism in advanced prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R211-R235. [PMID: 30844748 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor evolution is based on the ability to constantly mutate and activate different pathways under the selective pressure of targeted therapies. Epigenetic alterations including those of the chromatin structure are associated with tumor initiation, progression and drug resistance. Many cancers, including prostate cancer, present enlarged nuclei, and chromatin appears altered and irregular. These phenotypic changes are likely to result from epigenetic dysregulation. High-throughput sequencing applied to bulk samples and now to single cells has made it possible to study these processes in unprecedented detail. It is therefore timely to review the impact of chromatin relaxation and increased DNA accessibility on prostate cancer growth and drug resistance, and their effects on gene expression. In particular, we focus on the contribution of chromatin-associated proteins such as the bromodomain-containing proteins to chromatin relaxation. We discuss the consequence of this for androgen receptor transcriptional activity and briefly summarize wider gain-of-function effects on other oncogenic transcription factors and implications for more effective prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Rustøen Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, Forskningsparken, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Glont SE, Chernukhin I, Carroll JS. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals that the Pioneering Function of FOXA1 Is Independent of Hormonal Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2558-2565.e3. [PMID: 30840881 PMCID: PMC6408623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable work has linked hormone receptors, such as estrogen receptor-alpha (ER), with the pioneer factor FOXA1. Altered FOXA1 levels contribute to endocrine-resistant breast cancer, where it maintains ER-chromatin interactions, even in contexts in which cells are refractory to ER-targeted drugs. A recent study controversially suggests that FOXA1 binding can be induced by hormonal pathways, including the estrogen-ER complex. We now show that the vast majority (>99%) of FOXA1 binding events are unaffected by steroid activation. A small number (<1%) of FOXA1 binding sites appear to be induced by estrogen, but these are created from chromatin interactions between ER binding sites and adjacent FOXA1 binding sites and do not represent genuine new FOXA1-pioneering elements. FOXA1 is therefore not regulated by estrogen and remains a bone fide pioneer factor that is entirely upstream of the ER complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia-E Glont
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Igor Chernukhin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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38
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Song B, Park SH, Zhao JC, Fong KW, Li S, Lee Y, Yang YA, Sridhar S, Lu X, Abdulkadir SA, Vessella RL, Morrissey C, Kuzel TM, Catalona W, Yang X, Yu J. Targeting FOXA1-mediated repression of TGF-β signaling suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:569-582. [PMID: 30511964 PMCID: PMC6355239 DOI: 10.1172/jci122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) progressed to castration resistance (CRPC) is a fatal disease. CRPC tumors develop resistance to new-generation antiandrogen enzalutamide through lineage plasticity, characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a basal-like phenotype. FOXA1 is a transcription factor essential for epithelial lineage differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that FOXA1 loss leads to remarkable upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), which encodes a ligand of the TGF-β pathway. Mechanistically, this is due to genomic occupancy of FOXA1 on an upstream enhancer of the TGFB3 gene to directly inhibit its transcription. Functionally, FOXA1 downregulation induces TGF-β signaling, EMT, and cell motility, which is effectively blocked by the TGF-β receptor I inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299). Tissue microarray analysis confirmed reduced levels of FOXA1 protein and a concordant increase in TGF-β signaling, indicated by SMAD2 phosphorylation, in CRPC as compared with primary tumors. Importantly, combinatorial LY2157299 treatment sensitized PC cells to enzalutamide, leading to synergistic effects in inhibiting cell invasion in vitro and xenograft CRPC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Therefore, our study establishes FOXA1 as an important regulator of lineage plasticity mediated in part by TGF-β signaling, and supports a novel therapeutic strategy to control lineage switching and potentially extend clinical response to antiandrogen therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Song
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Su-Hong Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Ka-wing Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shangze Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yongik Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yeqing A. Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Xiaodong Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sarki A. Abdulkadir
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert L. Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - William Catalona
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ximing Yang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Neural Transcription Factors in Disease Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:437-462. [PMID: 31900920 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression to the malignant state is fundamentally dependent on transcriptional regulation in cancer cells. Optimum abundance of cell cycle proteins, angiogenesis factors, immune evasion markers, etc. is needed for proliferation, metastasis or resistance to treatment. Therefore, dysregulation of transcription factors can compromise the normal prostate transcriptional network and contribute to malignant disease progression.The androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be a key transcription factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Consequently, androgen pathway inhibitors (APIs) are currently the mainstay in PCa treatment, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, emerging evidence suggests that with increased administration of potent APIs, prostate cancer can progress to a highly aggressive disease that morphologically resembles small cell carcinoma, which is referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), treatment-induced or treatment-emergent small cell prostate cancer. This chapter will review how neuronal transcription factors play a part in inducing a plastic stage in prostate cancer cells that eventually progresses to a more aggressive state such as NEPC.
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40
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Abstract
Prostate cancer development involves corruption of the normal prostate transcriptional network, following deregulated expression or mutation of key transcription factors. Here, we provide an overview of the transcription factors that are important in normal prostate homeostasis (NKX3-1, p63, androgen receptor [AR]), primary prostate cancer (ETS family members, c-MYC), castration-resistant prostate cancer (AR, FOXA1), and AR-independent castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer (RB1, p53, N-MYC). We use functional (in vitro and in vivo) as well as clinical data to discuss evidence that unveils their roles in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on results of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq).
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Labbé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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41
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Wasano K, Sakurai K, Kawasaki T, Kusafuka K, Kasahara M, Kondo N, Inada KI, Ogawa K. Acquisition of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma: A case report. Rare Tumors 2018; 10:2036361318798867. [PMID: 30263102 PMCID: PMC6149030 DOI: 10.1177/2036361318798867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma is a relatively rare salivary cancer, and most cases are
androgen receptor -positive. Salivary duct carcinoma growth is suggested to be
androgen dependent, which can reportedly be controlled by androgen deprivation
therapy. However, the effectiveness and underlying molecular mechanisms of
androgen deprivation therapy for salivary duct carcinoma remain unknown. We
report a salivary duct carcinoma case (65-year-old man) arising from the parotid
gland with metastasis to the neck lymph nodes and lungs. Androgen deprivation
therapy was performed according to the same protocol for prostate cancer
treatment. Expression levels of androgen receptor and FOXA1 (forkhead box A1)
were immunohistochemically analyzed before and after androgen deprivation
therapy. Although the tumor volume was partially diminished during the first 3
months, acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy occurred. FOXA1 was
not detected in parotid gland after androgen deprivation therapy, whereas
androgen receptor expression was positive. FOXA1 expression might be related to
acquired androgen deprivation therapy resistance in salivary duct carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Wasano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology II, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiji Kawasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masao Kasahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology II, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology II, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Yang RK, Zhao P, Lu C, Luo J, Hu R. Expression pattern of androgen receptor and AR-V7 in androgen-deprivation therapy-naïve salivary duct carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2018; 84:173-182. [PMID: 30267779 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgen-deprivation therapy has been used to treat salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). The androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been detected in castration-resistant prostate cancer and implicated in resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies. Given the potential role of AR/AR-V7 in SDC treatment, this study focuses on AR/AR-V7 expression in SDC specimens collected before androgen-deprivation therapy. RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect total AR and AR-V7 were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SDC specimens from 23 patients. Full-length AR and AR-V7 transcripts were quantified in a subset of tumors by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty SDCs were positive for total AR by ISH and IHC. Among AR-positive SDCs, 70% (14/20) were positive for AR-V7 messenger RNA by ISH, whereas 15% (3/20) were positive for AR-V7 protein by IHC. The 3 SDCs that expressed the highest levels of AR-V7 were all from female patients; one of them expressed a significant amount of AR-V7 and barely detectable full-length AR transcripts by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. IHC expression of Forkhead box protein A1, prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, and NKX3.1 was observed in some SDCs regardless of patient sex. Five SDCs demonstrated strong human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. We conclude that treatment-naïve SDCs may express AR-V7 at levels comparable to or even exceeding the levels detected in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our data support the feasibility to incorporate AR-V7 assessment via ISH and/or IHC in the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic benefit of AR-targeted therapies in SDC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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43
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Urano M, Hirai H, Tada Y, Kawakita D, Shimura T, Tsukahara K, Kano S, Ozawa H, Okami K, Sato Y, Fushimi C, Shimizu A, Takase S, Okada T, Sato H, Imanishi Y, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Sakai A, Ebisumoto K, Togashi T, Ueki Y, Ota H, Sato Y, Saigusa N, Nakaguro M, Hanazawa T, Nagao T. The high expression of FOXA1 is correlated with a favourable prognosis in salivary duct carcinomas: a study of 142 cases. Histopathology 2018; 73:943-952. [PMID: 29993139 DOI: 10.1111/his.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon, aggressive tumour that, histologically, resembles high-grade mammary ductal carcinoma, and is characterised by the expression of androgen receptor (AR). The androgen signalling pathway, a potential therapeutic target, can be regulated by FOXA1. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological implications of FOXA1 in SDC. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the relationship between the immunoexpression of FOXA1 and FOXA1 mutations and clinicopathological factors, including the biomarker status and clinical outcome, in 142 SDCs. FOXA1 was expressed in 128 SDCs (90.1%); the immunoexpression was heterogeneous. SDCs with a higher FOXA1 labelling index (LI) (≥20%) more frequently showed less advanced tumors on T classification (P = 0.002). FOXA1 LI was correlated positively with the AR expression value (r = 0.430, P < 0.001). PI3K and p-mTOR positivity, and intact-PTEN, were associated with a higher FOXA1 LI. Twenty-two of 121 SDCs (18.2%) harboured FOXA1 gene mutations at the flanking regions in and around the forkhead DNA binding domain; however, the given gene mutation and the expression of FOXA1 were not significantly correlated. A multivariate analysis revealed that SDCs with a higher FOXA1 LI were associated with longer overall survival and progression-free survival (P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In SDC, FOXA1, which may biologically interact with the AR and PI3K signalling pathways, is a putative biomarker that may be associated with a favourable prognosis. Further studies are needed to apply the findings to the development of targeted personalised therapy for patients with SDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Urano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shimura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Takase
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuninori Otsuka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takafumi Togashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yushi Ueki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ota
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Saigusa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Copeland BT, Pal SK, Bolton EC, Jones JO. The androgen receptor malignancy shift in prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:521-531. [PMID: 29473182 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) are necessary for the development, function, and homeostatic growth regulation of the prostate gland. However, once prostate cells are transformed, the AR is necessary for the proliferation and survival of the malignant cells. This change in AR function appears to occur in nearly every prostate cancer. We have termed this the AR malignancy shift. METHODS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the AR malignancy shift, including the DNA-binding patterns that define the shift, the transcriptome changes associated with the shift, the putative drivers of the shift, and its clinical implications. RESULTS In benign prostate epithelial cells, the AR primarily binds consensus AR binding sites. In carcinoma cells, the AR cistrome is dramatically altered, as the AR associates with FOXA1 and HOXB13 motifs, among others. This shift leads to the transcription of genes associated with a malignant phenotype. In model systems, some mutations commonly found in localized prostate cancer can alter the AR cistrome, consistent with the AR malignancy shift. Current evidence suggests that the AR malignancy shift is necessary but not sufficient for transformation of prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Reinterpretation of prostate cancer genomic classification systems in light of the AR malignancy shift may improve our ability to predict clinical outcomes and treat patients appropriately. Identifying and targeting the molecular factors that contribute to the AR malignancy shift is not trivial but by doing so, we may be able to develop new strategies for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Copeland
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Eric C Bolton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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45
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He H, Sinha I, Fan R, Haldosen LA, Yan F, Zhao C, Dahlman-Wright K. c-Jun/AP-1 overexpression reprograms ERα signaling related to tamoxifen response in ERα-positive breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:2586-2600. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Tsourlakis MC, Eleftheriadou A, Stender A, Weigand P, Grupp K, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Schroeder C, Steurer S, Hinsch A, Luebke A, Angerer A, Wittmer C, Friedrich E, Göbel C, Büscheck F, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Minner S, Schlomm T, Jacobsen F. FOXA1 expression is a strong independent predictor of early PSA recurrence in ERG negative prostate cancers treated by radical prostatectomy. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1180-1187. [PMID: 29029032 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXA1 (Fork-head box protein A1, HNF-3a) is a transcription factor involved in androgen signaling with relevance for lineage-specific gene expression of the prostate. The expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11152 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared with tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, androgen receptor expression, ETS-related gene (ERG) status and other recurrent genomic alterations. FOXA1 expression was detectable in 97.6% of 8227 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 28.5%, moderate in 46.2% and weak in 22.9% of cases. High FOXA1 expression was associated with TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement and ERG expression (P < 0.0001). High FOXA1 expression was linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor (pT) stage and early PSA recurrence in ERG negative cancers (P < 0.0001), while these associations were either weak or absent in ERG positive cancers. In ERG negative cancers, the prognostic role of FOXA1 expression was independent of Gleason grade, pathological tumor stage, lymph node stage, surgical margin status and preoperative PSA. Independent prognostic value became even more evident if the analysis was limited to preoperatively available features such as biopsy Gleason grade, preoperative PSA, cT stage and FOXA1 expression (P < 0.0001). Within ERG negative cancers, FOXA1 expression was also strongly associated with PTEN and 5q21 deletions (P < 0.0001). High expression of FOXA1 is an independent prognostic parameter in ERG negative prostate cancer. Thus, FOXA1 measurement might provide clinically useful information in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agapi Eleftheriadou
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Annegret Stender
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Weigand
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Angerer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Emily Friedrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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47
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Lo UG, Lee CF, Lee MS, Hsieh JT. The Role and Mechanism of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102079. [PMID: 28973968 PMCID: PMC5666761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), similar to many other cancers, distant organ metastasis symbolizes the beginning of the end disease, which eventually leads to cancer death. Many mechanisms have been identified in this process that can be rationalized into targeted therapy. Among them, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is originally characterized as a critical step for cell trans-differentiation during embryo development and now recognized in promoting cancer cells invasiveness because of high mobility and migratory abilities of mesenchymal cells once converted from carcinoma cells. Nevertheless, the underlying pathways leading to EMT appear to be very diverse in different cancer types, which certainly represent a challenge for developing effective intervention. In this article, we have carefully reviewed the key factors involved in EMT of PCa with clinical correlation in hope to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategy that is expected to reduce the disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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48
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Kalender Atak Z, Imrichova H, Svetlichnyy D, Hulselmans G, Christiaens V, Reumers J, Ceulemans H, Aerts S. Identification of cis-regulatory mutations generating de novo edges in personalized cancer gene regulatory networks. Genome Med 2017; 9:80. [PMID: 28854983 PMCID: PMC5575942 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of functional non-coding mutations is a key challenge in the field of genomics. Here we introduce μ-cisTarget to filter, annotate and prioritize cis-regulatory mutations based on their putative effect on the underlying "personal" gene regulatory network. We validated μ-cisTarget by re-analyzing the TAL1 and LMO1 enhancer mutations in T-ALL, and the TERT promoter mutation in melanoma. Next, we re-sequenced the full genomes of ten cancer cell lines and used matched transcriptome data and motif discovery to identify master regulators with de novo binding sites that result in the up-regulation of nearby oncogenic drivers. μ-cisTarget is available from http://mucistarget.aertslab.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kalender Atak
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hana Imrichova
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Svetlichnyy
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Christiaens
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke Reumers
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hugo Ceulemans
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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49
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Fang W, Fan Y, Fa Z, Xu J, Yu H, Li P, Gu J. microRNA-625 inhibits tumorigenicity by suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion in malignant melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13253-13263. [PMID: 28129648 PMCID: PMC5355093 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNA (miR)-625 expression has been observed in several kinds of cancer. MicroRNAs are important factors in the development and progression of malignant melanoma, though the clinical significance and function of miR-625 in human malignant melanoma remain unclear. Levels of miR-625 expression were therefore determined in 36 pairs of malignant melanoma and adjacent non-tumor tissue using qPCR. The effects of miR-625 dysregulation on malignant melanoma cell proliferation, wound healing, migration and invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo were investigated using CCK-8, transwell assays, and a nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter system were used to predict and confirm the target gene of miR-625. miR-625 levels were frequently decreased in malignant melanoma. Ectopic expression of miR-625 suppressed proliferation, wound healing, migration, and tumorgenicity in malignant melanoma. Moreover, miR-625 acted, at least in part, by suppressing potential target SOX2. These results show that miR-625 is a tumor suppressor that inhibits the development and progression of malignant melanoma, which suggests miR-625 is potentially a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhenzong Fa
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Julin Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Dermatology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805 China
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50
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Groner AC, Brown M. Role of steroid receptor and coregulator mutations in hormone-dependent cancers. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1126-1135. [PMID: 28368289 PMCID: PMC5373886 DOI: 10.1172/jci88885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones mediate critical lineage-specific developmental and physiologic responses. They function by binding their cognate receptors, which are transcription factors that drive specific gene expression programs. The requirement of most prostate cancers for androgen and most breast cancers for estrogen has led to the development of endocrine therapies that block the action of these hormones in these tumors. While initial endocrine interventions are successful, resistance to therapy often arises. We will review how steroid receptor-dependent genomic signaling is affected by genetic alterations in endocrine therapy resistance. The detailed understanding of these interactions will not only provide improved treatment options to overcome resistance, but, in the future, will also be the basis for implementing precision cancer medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Groner
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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