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Lou S, Jiang ZL, Zhu YW, Zhang RY, Wang Y, Chu T, Liu YF, Zhang YX, Zhang CH, Su YK, Liu HX, Ji XY, Wu DD. Exploring the impact of hydrogen sulfide on hematologic malignancies: A review. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111236. [PMID: 38810860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the three most crucial gaseous messengers in the body. The discovery of H2S donors, coupled with its endogenous synthesis capability, has sparked hope for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In the last decade, the investigation into the impact of H2S has expanded, particularly within the fields of cardiovascular function, inflammation, infection, and neuromodulation. Hematologic malignancies refer to a diverse group of cancers originating from abnormal proliferation and differentiation of blood-forming cells, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. In this review, we delve deeply into the complex interrelation between H2S and hematologic malignancies. In addition, we comprehensively elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms by which both H2S and its donors intricately modulate the progression of tumor growth. Furthermore, we systematically examine their impact on pivotal aspects, encompassing the proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities of hematologic malignancies. Therefore, this review may contribute novel insights to our understanding of the prospective therapeutic significance of H2S and its donors within the realm of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Rui-Yu Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ti Chu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Chuan-Hao Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yi-Kun Su
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450064, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Stomatology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China.
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2
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Mohanty S, Suklabaidya S, Lavorgna A, Ueno T, Fujisawa JI, Ngouth N, Jacobson S, Harhaj EW. The tyrosine kinase KDR is essential for the survival of HTLV-1-infected T cells by stabilizing the Tax oncoprotein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5380. [PMID: 38918393 PMCID: PMC11199648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein regulates viral gene expression and persistently activates NF-κB to maintain the viability of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Here, we utilize a kinome-wide shRNA screen to identify the tyrosine kinase KDR as an essential survival factor of HTLV-1-transformed cells. Inhibition of KDR specifically induces apoptosis of Tax expressing HTLV-1-transformed cell lines and CD4 + T cells from HAM/TSP patients. Furthermore, inhibition of KDR triggers the autophagic degradation of Tax resulting in impaired NF-κB activation and diminished viral transmission in co-culture assays. Tax induces the expression of KDR, forms a complex with KDR, and is phosphorylated by KDR. These findings suggest that Tax stability is dependent on KDR activity which could be exploited as a strategy to target Tax in HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alfonso Lavorgna
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Millipore-Sigma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Takaharu Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nyater Ngouth
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward W Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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3
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Ghosh Roy S. An Overview of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Autophagy Pathways in Human Viral Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:81-131. [PMID: 38782502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) can be regarded as the safe keepers of cells exposed to intense stress. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis, ensuring the removal of foreign particles and misfolded macromolecules from the cytoplasm and facilitating the return of the building blocks into the system. On the other hand, UPR serves as a shock response to prolonged stress, especially Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS), which also includes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Since one of the many effects of viral infection on the host cell machinery is the hijacking of the host translational system, which leaves in its wake a plethora of misfolded proteins in the ER, it is perhaps not surprising that UPR and autophagy are common occurrences in infected cells, tissues, and patient samples. In this book chapter, we try to emphasize how UPR, and autophagy are significant in infections caused by six major oncolytic viruses-Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1), and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Here, we document how whole-virus infection or overexpression of individual viral proteins in vitro and in vivo models can regulate the different branches of UPR and the various stages of macro autophagy. As is true with other viral infections, the relationship is complicated because the same virus (or the viral protein) exerts different effects on UPR and Autophagy. The nature of this response is determined by the cell types, or in some cases, the presence of diverse extracellular stimuli. The vice versa is equally valid, i.e., UPR and autophagy exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties based on the cell type and other factors like concentrations of different metabolites. Thus, we have tried to coherently summarize the existing knowledge, the crux of which can hopefully be harnessed to design vaccines and therapies targeted at viral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Henry M Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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4
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Beauvois A, Gazon H, Chauhan PS, Jamakhani M, Jacques JR, Thiry M, Dejardin E, Valentin ED, Twizere JC, Péloponèse JM, Njock MS, Yasunaga JI, Matsuoka M, Hamaïdia M, Willems L. The helicase-like transcription factor redirects the autophagic flux and restricts human T cell leukemia virus type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216127120. [PMID: 37487091 PMCID: PMC10400947 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216127120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses and their host have coevolved in a delicate balance between viral replication and survival of the infected cell. In this equilibrium, restriction factors expressed by infected cells control different steps of retroviral replication such as entry, uncoating, nuclear import, expression, or budding. Here, we describe a mechanism of restriction against human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) by the helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF). We show that RNA and protein levels of HLTF are reduced in primary T cells of HTLV-1-infected subjects, suggesting a clinical relevance. We further demonstrate that the viral oncogene Tax represses HLTF transcription via the Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 methyltransferase of the Polycomb repressive complex 2. The Tax protein also directly interacts with HLTF and induces its proteasomal degradation. RNA interference and gene transduction in HTLV-1-infected T cells derived from patients indicate that HLTF is a restriction factor. Restoring the normal levels of HLTF expression induces the dispersal of the Golgi apparatus and overproduction of secretory granules. By synergizing with Tax-mediated NF-κB activation, physiologically relevant levels of HLTF intensify the autophagic flux. Increased vesicular trafficking leads to an enlargement of the lysosomes and the production of large vacuoles containing viral particles. HLTF induction in HTLV-1-infected cells significantly increases the percentage of defective virions. In conclusion, HLTF-mediated activation of the autophagic flux blunts the infectious replication cycle of HTLV-1, revealing an original mode of viral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Beauvois
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hélène Gazon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pradeep Singh Chauhan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Majeed Jamakhani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jean-Rock Jacques
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology & Signal Transduction, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Di Valentin
- Viral Vectors Platform, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, Unit of Molecular Biology of Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Péloponèse
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University, 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Malik Hamaïdia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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5
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Liu H, Sun J, Cheng X, Duan L, Guo S, Zhang Z, Wan J, Wang C, Zhi X, Yuan L, Wang H. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) protein expression via regulation of ATG4B. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28176. [PMID: 36163615 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a redox gasotransmitter. It has been shown that H2 S has a key role in host antiviral defense by inhibiting interleukin production and S-sulfhydrating Keap1 lead to Nrf2/ARE pathway activation. However, it is yet unclear whether H2 S can play an antiviral role by regulating autophagy. In this study, we found that exogenous H2 S decreased the expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) protein and HTLV-1 induced autophagosomes accumulation. Transmission electron microscope assays indicated that autophagosomes accumulation decreased after H2 S administration. HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines had a high level of CSE (H2 S endogenous enzyme) which could be induced in Hela by HTLV-1 infection. Immunoblot demonstrated that overexpression of CSE inhibited HTLV-1 protein expression and autophagy. And we got the opposite after CSE knockdown. Meanwhile, H2 S could not restrain the autophagy when ATG4B had a mutant at its site of 89. In a word, these results suggested that H2 S modulated HTLV-1 protein expression via ATG4B. Therefore, our findings suggested a new mechanism by which H2 S defended against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiaxiang Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuaifeng Guo
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunduo Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhi
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Linghui Yuan
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
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6
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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. [Autophagy modulation by viruses: An important role in tumor progression]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:159-167. [PMID: 35179470 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important process for cellular homeostasis at critical steps of development or in response to environmental stress. In the context of cancers, autophagy has a significant impact on tumor occurrence and tumor cell growth. On the one hand, autophagy limits the transformation of precancerous cells into cancer cells at an early stage. However, on the other hand, it promotes cell survival, cell proliferation, metastasis and resistance to anti-tumor therapies in more advanced tumors. Autophagy can be induced by a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimulus. Viral infections have often been associated with a modulation of autophagy, with variable impacts on viral replication and on the survival of infected cells depending on the model studied. In a tumor context, the modulation of autophagy induced by the viral infection of tumor cells seems to have a significant impact on tumor progression. The aim of this review article is to present recent findings regarding the consequences of autophagy disturbance by viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Département de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
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7
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Sadri Nahand J, Salmaninejad A, Mollazadeh S, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Rezaee M, Sheida AH, Sadoughi F, Dana PM, Rafiyan M, Zamani M, Taghavi SP, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Moghoofei M, Karimzadeh M, Vosough M, Mirzaei H. Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:97-162. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. Autophagy Modulation by Viral Infections Influences Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743780. [PMID: 34745965 PMCID: PMC8569469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly relevant in tumor model in which autophagy has been demonstrated to have an important impact on tumor behavior. In one hand, autophagy limits tumor transformation of precancerous cells in early stage, and in the other hand, it favors the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to antitumor therapies in more advanced tumors. This catabolic machinery can be induced by an important variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli. For instance, viral infection has often been associated to autophagic modulation, and the role of autophagy in virus replication differs according to the virus studied. In the context of tumor development, virus-modulated autophagy can have an important impact on tumor cells' fate. Extensive analyses have shed light on the molecular and/or functional complex mechanisms by which virus-modulated autophagy influences precancerous or tumor cell development. This review includes an overview of discoveries describing the repercussions of an autophagy perturbation during viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
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9
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Wei Z, Li X, Li W, Fu Q, Mu Y, Chen X. Molecular characterization and role in virus infection of Beclin-1 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:30-41. [PMID: 34147615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Beclin-1, the ortholog of yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg6), has a central role in autophagy, which has been linked to diverse biological processes including immunity, development, tumor suppression, and lifespan extension. However, understanding of function of fish Beclin-1 is limited now. In this study, the complete Beclin-1 cDNA of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (LcBeclin-1) was cloned, whose open reading frame (ORF) is 1344 bp long and encodes a protein of 447 amino acids (aa). The deduced LcBeclin-1 possesses a typical Bcl-2 homology domain 3(BH3) and an APG6 domain that contains a central coiled-coil domain (CCD, residues 174 to 231) and a C-terminal evolutionarily conserved domain (ECD, residues 241 to 334). LcBeclin-1 shared a high amino acid identity of 81.66-98.66% with reported Beclin-1 molecules from other vertebrate species. LcBeclin-1 gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest levels in heart. LcBeclin-1 transcripts were also detected in primary head kidney granulocytes (PKGs), primary head kidney macrophages (PKMs), primary head kidney leukocytes (PKLs), and large yellow croaker head kidney cell line (LYCK), and were significantly upregulated by poly (I:C) in PKMs and LYCK cells. Subcellular localization showed that LcBeclin-1 was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of LYCK cells. Overexpression of LcBeclin-1 significantly increased the replication of SVCV, as evidenced by increased severity of the cytopathic effects, enhanced viral titre, and upregulated transcriptional levels of viral genes. Further studies showed that LcBeclin-1 induced the occurrence of autophagy in LYCK cells. Additionally, LcBeclin-1 also decreased the expression levels of large yellow croaker interferons (IFNs; IFNc, IFNd, and IFNh), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and IRF7, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs; Mx, PKR, and Viperin) in LYCK cells. All these data suggest that LcBeclin-1 promoted the viral replication possibly by inducing autophagy or negatively modulating IFN response, which will help us to further understand the function of fish Beclin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wanru Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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10
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Forlani G, Shallak M, Accolla RS, Romanelli MG. HTLV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis: New Insights from Cellular and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158001. [PMID: 34360767 PMCID: PMC8347336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), cellular and animal models have provided invaluable contributions in the knowledge of viral infection, transmission and progression of HTLV-associated diseases. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of the aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and inflammatory diseases such as the HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Cell models contribute to defining the role of HTLV proteins, as well as the mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. Otherwise, selected and engineered animal models are currently applied to recapitulate in vivo the HTLV-1 associated pathogenesis and to verify the effectiveness of viral therapy and host immune response. Here we review the current cell models for studying virus–host interaction, cellular restriction factors and cell pathway deregulation mediated by HTLV products. We recapitulate the most effective animal models applied to investigate the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated diseases such as transgenic and humanized mice, rabbit and monkey models. Finally, we summarize the studies on STLV and BLV, two closely related HTLV-1 viruses in animals. The most recent anticancer and HAM/TSP therapies are also discussed in view of the most reliable experimental models that may accelerate the translation from the experimental findings to effective therapies in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.F.); (M.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Mariam Shallak
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.F.); (M.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Roberto Sergio Accolla
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.F.); (M.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kim Y, Mensah GA, Al Sharif S, Pinto DO, Branscome H, Yelamanchili SV, Cowen M, Erickson J, Khatkar P, Mahieux R, Kashanchi F. Extracellular Vesicles from Infected Cells Are Released Prior to Virion Release. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040781. [PMID: 33916140 PMCID: PMC8066806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have attempted to address the timing of EV and virion release from virally infected cells. Uninfected (CEM), HIV-1-infected (J1.1), and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-infected (HUT102) cells were synchronized in G0. Viral latency was reversed by increasing gene expression with the addition of serum-rich media and inducers. Supernatants and cell pellets were collected post-induction at different timepoints and assayed for extracellular vesicle (EV) and autophagy markers; and for viral proteins and RNAs. Tetraspanins and autophagy-related proteins were found to be differentially secreted in HIV-1- and HTLV-1-infected cells when compared with uninfected controls. HIV-1 proteins were present at 6 h and their production increased up to 24 h. HTLV-1 proteins peaked at 6 h and plateaued. HIV-1 and HTLV-1 RNA production correlated with viral protein expression. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showed increase of EV concentration over time in both uninfected and infected samples. Finally, the HIV-1 supernatant from the 6-h samples was found not to be infectious; however, the virus from the 24-h samples was successfully rescued and infectious. Overall, our data indicate that EV release may occur prior to viral release from infected cells, thereby implicating a potentially significant effect of EVs on uninfected recipient cells prior to subsequent viral infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Gifty A. Mensah
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Pooja Khatkar
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +703-993-9160; Fax: +703-993-7022
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Ducasa N, Grasso D, Benencio P, Papademetrio DL, Biglione M, Kashanchi F, Berini C, Garcia MN. Autophagy in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Induced Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641269. [PMID: 33869030 PMCID: PMC8045967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses play an important role in the development of certain human cancers. They are estimated to contribute 16% to all human cancers. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus to be discovered and is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive T-cell malignancy with poor prognosis. HTLV-1 viral proteins interact with mechanisms and proteins present in host cells for their own benefit, evading the immune system and promoting the establishment of disease. Several viruses manipulate the autophagy pathway to achieve their infective goals, and HTLV-1 is not the exception. HTLV-1 Tax viral protein engages NF-κB and autophagy pathways prone favoring viral replication and T cell transformation. In this review we focus on describing the relationship of HTLV-1 with the autophagy machinery and its implication in the development of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ducasa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Benencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela L. Papademetrio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirna Biglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Carolina Berini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603224. [PMID: 33763351 PMCID: PMC7982729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224
expr 816899697 + 824303767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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15
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Pinto DO, Al Sharif S, Mensah G, Cowen M, Khatkar P, Erickson J, Branscome H, Lattanze T, DeMarino C, Alem F, Magni R, Zhou W, Alais S, Dutartre H, El-Hage N, Mahieux R, Liotta LA, Kashanchi F. Extracellular vesicles from HTLV-1 infected cells modulate target cells and viral spread. Retrovirology 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 33622348 PMCID: PMC7901226 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) is a blood-borne pathogen and etiological agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 has currently infected up to 10 million globally with highly endemic areas in Japan, Africa, the Caribbean and South America. We have previously shown that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) enhance HTLV-1 transmission by promoting cell-cell contact. RESULTS Here, we separated EVs into subpopulations using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) at speeds of 2 k (2000×g), 10 k (10,000×g), and 100 k (100,000×g) from infected cell supernatants. Proteomic analysis revealed that EVs contain the highest viral/host protein abundance in the 2 k subpopulation (2 k > 10 k > 100 k). The 2 k and 10 k populations contained viral proteins (i.e., p19 and Tax), and autophagy proteins (i.e., LC3 and p62) suggesting presence of autophagosomes as well as core histones. Interestingly, the use of 2 k EVs in an angiogenesis assay (mesenchymal stem cells + endothelial cells) caused deterioration of vascular-like-tubules. Cells commonly associated with the neurovascular unit (i.e., astrocytes, neurons, and macrophages) in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) showed that HTLV-1 EVs may induce expression of cytokines involved in migration (i.e., IL-8; 100 k > 2 k > 10 k) from astrocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (i.e., IL-8; 2 k > 10 k). Finally, we found that EVs were able to promote cell-cell contact and viral transmission in monocytic cell-derived dendritic cell. The EVs from both 2 k and 10 k increased HTLV-1 spread in a humanized mouse model, as evidenced by an increase in proviral DNA and RNA in the Blood, Lymph Node, and Spleen. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data suggest that various EV subpopulations induce cytokine expression, tissue damage, and viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Gifty Mensah
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Pooja Khatkar
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Lattanze
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Farhang Alem
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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Casseb J, Janini LM, Barros Kanzaki LI, Lopes LR, Paiva AM. Is the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 in the process of endogenization into the human genome? J Virus Erad 2020; 6:100009. [PMID: 33294211 PMCID: PMC7695812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection has been shown to be endemic among intravenous drug users in parts of North America, Europe and Southeast Asia and in a number of Amerindian populations. Despite a 65% genetic similarity and common host humoral response, the human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 display different mechanisms of host interaction and capacity for disease development. While HTLV-1 pathogenicity is well documented, HTLV-2 etiology in human disease is not clearly established. From an evolutionary point of view, its introduction and integration into the germ cell chromosomes of host species could be considered as the final stage of parasitism and evasion from host immunity. The extraordinary abundance of endogenous viral sequences in all vertebrate species genomes, including the hominid family, provides evidence of this invasion. Some of these gene sequences still retain viral characteristics and the ability to replicate and hence are potentially able to elicit responses from the innate and adaptive host immunity, which could result in beneficial or pathogenic effects. Taken together, this data may indicate that HTLV-2 is more likely to progress towards endogenization as has happened to the human endogenous retroviruses millions of years ago. Thus, this intimate association (HTLV-2/human genome) may provide protection from the immune system with better adaptation and low pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Casseb
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo - University of Sao Paulo, Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56 / Faculty of Medicine -USP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mario Janini
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - Unifesp, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Isamu Barros Kanzaki
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health. Sciences, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo - Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Maia Paiva
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo - University of Sao Paulo, Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56 / Faculty of Medicine -USP, Brazil.,University Hospital Alberto Antunes / Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
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Ammanathan V, Vats S, Abraham IM, Manjithaya R. Xenophagy in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:163-170. [PMID: 32126260 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein autophagy) is an intracellular pathway in which cytoplasmic components are captured by double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) that eventually fuse with lysosomes to degrade the cargo. Basal levels of autophagy in all eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis and under conditions of stress, organelles and proteins not essential for survival are degraded. Apart from these functions, cargoes like aggregated proteins, damaged organelles and intracellular pathogens, which are otherwise harmful to cells, are also selectively captured by autophagy and are destined for degradation. In terms of infectious diseases, pathogens are cleared by a specific form of autophagy known as xenophagy. This lysosomal mediated degradation of pathogens also increases the antigen presentation of cells thereby inducing a further immune response. The process of xenophagy provides a broad spectrum of defense mechanism to capture bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. However, pathogens have developed ingenious mechanisms to modulate xenophagy to enhance their intracellular survival. Meanwhile, certain pathogens also induce deleterious effects such as chronic inflammation and overexpression of oncogenes in the host system. This over time can increase the susceptibility of the host for tumorigenesis. Hence targeting tumor through anti-microbial mechanisms like xenophagy could be a novel strategy for combinatorial anti-cancer therapy. The recent developments in understanding the role of xenophagy in combating cancer causing pathogens will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Ammanathan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Bangalore, India
| | - Somya Vats
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Bangalore, India
| | - Irine Maria Abraham
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Bangalore, India
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18
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Vescovo T, Pagni B, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Antonioli M. Regulation of Autophagy in Cells Infected With Oncogenic Human Viruses and Its Impact on Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:47. [PMID: 32181249 PMCID: PMC7059124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20% of total cancer cases are associated to infections. To date, seven human viruses have been directly linked to cancer development: high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). These viruses impact on several molecular mechanisms in the host cells, often resulting in chronic inflammation, uncontrolled proliferation, and cell death inhibition, and mechanisms, which favor viral life cycle but may indirectly promote tumorigenesis. Recently, the ability of oncogenic viruses to alter autophagy, a catabolic process activated during the innate immune response to infections, is emerging as a key event for the onset of human cancers. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which human oncogenic viruses regulate autophagy and how this negative regulation impacts on cancer development. Finally, we highlight novel autophagy-related candidates for the treatment of virus-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vescovo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pagni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Koschade SE, Brandts CH. Selective Autophagy in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:261-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Fochi S, Ciminale V, Trabetti E, Bertazzoni U, D’Agostino DM, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. NF-κB and MicroRNA Deregulation Mediated by HTLV-1 Tax and HBZ. Pathogens 2019; 8:E290. [PMID: 31835460 PMCID: PMC6963194 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is about 3-5%. The mechanisms by which the virus triggers this aggressive cancer are still an area of intensive investigation. The viral protein Tax-1, together with additional regulatory proteins, in particular HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), are recognized as relevant viral factors required for both viral replication and transformation of infected cells. Tax-1 deregulates several cellular pathways affecting the cell cycle, survival, and proliferation. The effects of Tax-1 on the NF-κB pathway have been thoroughly studied. Recent studies also revealed the impact of Tax-1 and HBZ on microRNA expression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the contribution of HTLV-1 Tax- and HBZ-mediated deregulation of NF-κB and the microRNA regulatory network to HTLV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.T.); (U.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Trabetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.T.); (U.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Umberto Bertazzoni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.T.); (U.B.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.T.); (U.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.T.); (U.B.); (D.Z.)
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21
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Tingting C, Shizhou Y, Songfa Z, Junfen X, Weiguo L, Xiaodong C, Xing X. Human papillomavirus 16E6/E7 activates autophagy via Atg9B and LAMP1 in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4404-4416. [PMID: 31215164 PMCID: PMC6675746 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Although the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 in cellular malignant transformation has been elucidated, the function of both genes in cellular homeostasis is still unknown. Autophagy functions in maintenance of cellular homeostasis play a key role in the initiation and development of cancer and infectious disease. METHODS Cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki were utilized in this study. RESULTS We found that HPV 16E6/E7 (16E6/E7) downregulation inhibited autophagy, and consequently suppressed cell proliferation and promoted early apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that Atg9B and LAMP1 were downregulated in 16E6/E7 knockdown cells. Gene function experiments revealed that 16E6/E7 downregulation depressed Atg9B and LAMP1, and Atg9B and LAMP1 overexpression compensated, at least partially, autophagy blockage induced by 16E6/E7 knockdown. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that 16E7 interacted with Atg9B and dual-luciferase reporter system revealed that 16E6 most likely regulated -1750 to -2000 nt in Atg9B and -1800 to -2000 nt in LAMP1 promoter region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings verified that 16E6/E7 activated autophagy via accelerating autophagosome formation and degradation, and Atg9B and LAMP1 were involved in the process of 16E6/E7 modulating autophagy, suggesting that targeting autophagy may be a potential approach in cervical cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tingting
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Shizhou
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhang Songfa
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xu Junfen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lu Weiguo
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Xiaodong
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xie Xing
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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22
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Sarkar B, Nishikata I, Nakahata S, Ichikawa T, Shiraga T, Saha HR, Fujii M, Tanaka Y, Shimoda K, Morishita K. Degradation of p47 by autophagy contributes to CADM1 overexpression in ATLL cells through the activation of NF-κB. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3491. [PMID: 30837480 PMCID: PMC6400899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is identified as a novel cell surface marker for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)-infected T cells. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is developed in HTLV-1-infected T-cells after a long infection period. To examine the mechanism of CADM1 overexpression in ATLL, we first identified that CADM1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by a transcriptional enhancer element through NF-κB signaling pathway. In HTLV-1-infected T-cells, CADM1 expression is dependent on HTLV-1/Tax through activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB; however, in ATLL cells with frequent loss of Tax expression, the activation of canonical NF-κB only enhances the CADM1 expression. Along with active mutations in signaling molecules under T-cell recepor (TCR) signaling, degradation of p47, a negative regulator of NF-κB, was essential for activation of canonical NF-κB through stabilization of NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator). The mechanism of p47 degradation is primarily dependent on activation of lysosomal-autophagy and the autophagy is activated in most of the HTLV-infected and ATLL cells, suggesting that the p47 degradation may be a first key molecular event during HTLV-1 infection to T-cells as a connector of two important signaling pathways, NF-κB and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan Sarkar
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishikata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiraga
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Notre Dame Seishin University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hasi Rani Saha
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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23
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Curbing Lipids: Impacts ON Cancer and Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030644. [PMID: 30717356 PMCID: PMC6387424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a fundamental role in maintaining normal function in healthy cells. Their functions include signaling, storing energy, and acting as the central structural component of cell membranes. Alteration of lipid metabolism is a prominent feature of cancer, as cancer cells must modify their metabolism to fulfill the demands of their accelerated proliferation rate. This aberrant lipid metabolism can affect cellular processes such as cell growth, survival, and migration. Besides the gene mutations, environmental factors, and inheritance, several infectious pathogens are also linked with human cancers worldwide. Tumor viruses are top on the list of infectious pathogens to cause human cancers. These viruses insert their own DNA (or RNA) into that of the host cell and affect host cellular processes such as cell growth, survival, and migration. Several of these cancer-causing viruses are reported to be reprogramming host cell lipid metabolism. The reliance of cancer cells and viruses on lipid metabolism suggests enzymes that can be used as therapeutic targets to exploit the addiction of infected diseased cells on lipids and abrogate tumor growth. This review focuses on normal lipid metabolism, lipid metabolic pathways and their reprogramming in human cancers and viral infection linked cancers and the potential anticancer drugs that target specific lipid metabolic enzymes. Here, we discuss statins and fibrates as drugs to intervene in disordered lipid pathways in cancer cells. Further insight into the dysregulated pathways in lipid metabolism can help create more effective anticancer therapies.
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24
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Pleet ML, Branscome H, DeMarino C, Pinto DO, Zadeh MA, Rodriguez M, Sariyer IK, El-Hage N, Kashanchi F. Autophagy, EVs, and Infections: A Perfect Question for a Perfect Time. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:362. [PMID: 30406039 PMCID: PMC6201680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved process, serves to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to an extensive variety of internal and external stimuli. The classic, or canonical, pathway of autophagy involves the coordinated degradation and recycling of intracellular components and pathogenic material. Proper regulation of autophagy is critical to maintain cellular health, as alterations in the autophagy pathway have been linked to the progression of a variety of physiological and pathological conditions in humans, namely in aging and in viral infection. In addition to its canonical role as a degradative pathway, a more unconventional and non-degradative role for autophagy has emerged as an area of increasing interest. This process, known as secretory autophagy, is gaining widespread attention as many viruses are believed to use this pathway as a means to release and spread viral particles. Moreover, secretory autophagy has been found to intersect with other intracellular pathways, such as the biogenesis and secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we provide a review of the current landscape surrounding both degradative autophagy and secretory autophagy in relation to both aging and viral infection. We discuss their key features, while describing their interplay with numerous different viruses (i.e. hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, SV40, herpesviruses, HIV, chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, HTLV, Rift Valley fever virus, poliovirus, and influenza A virus), and compare secretory autophagy to other pathways of extracellular vesicle release. Lastly, we highlight the need for, and emphasize the importance of, more thorough methods to study the underlying mechanisms of these pathways to better advance our understanding of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Daniel O Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Asad Zadeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ilker Kudret Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
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25
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Mattoscio D, Medda A, Chiocca S. Human Papilloma Virus and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061775. [PMID: 29914057 PMCID: PMC6032050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses known to be the primary cause of cervical cancer. In addition, evidence has now established their role in non-melanoma skin cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC), and the development of other anogenital malignancies. The prevalence of HPV-related HNC, in particular oropharyngeal cancers, is rapidly increasing, foreseeing that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers will outnumber uterine cervical cancers in the next 15–20 years. Therefore, despite the successful advent of vaccines originally licensed for cervical cancer prevention, HPV burden is still very high, and a better understanding of HPV biology is urgently needed. Autophagy is the physiological cellular route that accounts for removal, degradation, and recycling of damaged organelles, proteins, and lipids in lysosomal vacuoles. In addition to this scavenger function, autophagy plays a fundamental role during viral infections and cancers and is, therefore, frequently exploited by viruses to their own benefit. Recently, a link between HPV and autophagy has clearly emerged, leading to the conceivable development of novel anti-viral strategies aimed at restraining HPV infectivity. Here, recent findings on how oncogenic HPV16 usurp autophagy are described, highlighting similarities and differences with mechanisms adopted by other oncoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnology Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Medda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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26
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Hutchison T, Malu A, Yapindi L, Bergeson R, Peck K, Romeo M, Harrod C, Pope J, Smitherman L, Gwinn W, Ratner L, Yates C, Harrod R. The TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator mediates cooperation between HTLV-1 p30 II and the retroviral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ and is highly expressed in an in vivo xenograft model of HTLV-1-induced lymphoma. Virology 2018; 520:39-58. [PMID: 29777913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects and transforms CD4+ T-cells and causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) -an aggressive lymphoproliferative disease that is highly refractive to most anticancer therapies. The HTLV-1 proviral genome encodes several regulatory products within a conserved 3' nucleotide sequence, known as pX; however, it remains unclear how these factors might cooperate or dynamically interact in virus-infected cells. Here we demonstrate that the HTLV-1 latency-maintenance factor p30II induces the TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and counters the oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cytotoxicity caused by the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ. The p30II protein cooperates with Tax and HBZ and enhances their oncogenic potential in colony transformation/foci-formation assays. Further, we have shown that TIGAR is highly expressed in HTLV-1-induced tumors associated with oncogene dysregulation and increased angiogenesis in an in vivo xenograft model of HTLV-1-induced T-cell lymphoma. These findings provide the first evidence that p30II likely collaborates as an ancillary factor for the major oncoproteins Tax and HBZ during retroviral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hutchison
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Aditi Malu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Laçin Yapindi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Rachel Bergeson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Kendra Peck
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Megan Romeo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Carolyn Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Jordan Pope
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Louisa Smitherman
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Wesleigh Gwinn
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States
| | - Lee Ratner
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Courtney Yates
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, United States
| | - Robert Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, and The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Drive, 334-DLS, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, United States.
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27
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Harhaj EW, Giam CZ. NF-κB signaling mechanisms in HTLV-1-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. FEBS J 2018; 285:3324-3336. [PMID: 29722927 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex deltaretrovirus linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fatal CD4 + malignancy in 3-5% of infected individuals. The HTLV-1 Tax regulatory protein plays indispensable roles in regulating viral gene expression and activating cellular signaling pathways that drive the proliferation and clonal expansion of T cells bearing HTLV-1 proviral integrations. Tax is a potent activator of NF-κB, a key signaling pathway that is essential for the survival and proliferation of HTLV-1-infected T cells. However, constitutive NF-κB activation by Tax also triggers a senescence response, suggesting the possibility that only T cells capable of overcoming NF-κB-induced senescence can selectively undergo clonal expansion after HTLV-1 infection. Tax expression is often silenced in the majority of ATLL due to genetic alterations in the tax gene or DNA hypermethylation of the 5'-LTR. Despite the loss of Tax, NF-κB activation remains persistently activated in ATLL due to somatic mutations in genes in the T/B-cell receptor (T/BCR) and NF-κB signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the key events driving Tax-dependent and -independent mechanisms of NF-κB activation during the multistep process leading to ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward William Harhaj
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chou-Zen Giam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Hunte R, Alonso P, Thomas R, Bazile CA, Ramos JC, van der Weyden L, Dominguez-Bendala J, Khan WN, Shembade N. CADM1 is essential for KSHV-encoded vGPCR-and vFLIP-mediated chronic NF-κB activation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006968. [PMID: 29698475 PMCID: PMC5919438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 12% of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infections with oncogenic viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8) is one of the oncogenic viruses responsible for human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL), and the lymphoproliferative disorder multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Chronic inflammation mediated by KSHV infection plays a decisive role in the development and survival of these cancers. NF-κB, a family of transcription factors regulating inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation, is persistently activated in KSHV-infected cells. The KSHV latent and lytic expressing oncogenes involved in NF-κB activation are vFLIP/K13 and vGPCR, respectively. However, the mechanisms by which NF-κB is activated by vFLIP and vGPCR are poorly understood. In this study, we have found that a host molecule, Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CADM1), is robustly upregulated in KSHV-infected PBMCs and KSHV-associated PEL cells. Further investigation determined that both vFLIP and vGPCR interacted with CADM1. The PDZ binding motif localized at the carboxyl terminus of CADM1 is essential for both vGPCR and vFLIP to maintain chronic NF-κB activation. Membrane lipid raft associated CADM1 interaction with vFLIP is critical for the initiation of IKK kinase complex and NF-κB activation in the PEL cells. In addition, CADM1 played essential roles in the survival of KSHV-associated PEL cells. These data indicate that CADM1 plays key roles in the activation of NF-κB pathways during latent and lytic phases of the KSHV life cycle and the survival of KSHV-infected cells.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/genetics
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/virology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hunte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Patricia Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Remy Thomas
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cassandra Alexandria Bazile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Center for AIDS Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Wasif Noor Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Noula Shembade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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29
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Fochi S, Mutascio S, Bertazzoni U, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. HTLV Deregulation of the NF-κB Pathway: An Update on Tax and Antisense Proteins Role. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29515558 PMCID: PMC5826390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4+/CD25+ T-cell malignancy and of a severe neurodegenerative disease, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The chronic activation or deregulation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The HTLV-1 Tax-1 oncoprotein is a potent activator of the NF-κB transcription factors and the NF-κB response is required for promoting the development of HTLV-1 transformed cell lines. The homologous retrovirus HTLV-2, which also expresses a Tax-2 transforming protein, is not associated with ATL. In this review, we provide an updated synopsis of the role of Tax-1 in the deregulation of the NF-κB pathway, highlighting the differences with the homologous Tax-2. Special emphasis is directed toward the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in NF-κB activation resulting from Tax interaction with host factors affecting several cellular processes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, cell proliferation, autophagy, and post-translational modifications. We also discuss the current knowledge on the role of the antisense viral protein HBZ in down-regulating the NF-κB activation induced by Tax, and its implication in cellular senescence. In addition, we review the recent studies on the mechanism of HBZ-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activity as compared to that exerted by the HTLV-2 antisense protein, APH-2. Finally, we discuss recent advances aimed at understanding the role exerted in the development of ATL by the perturbation of NF-κB pathway by viral regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria G. Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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30
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Marziali F, Bugnon Valdano M, Brunet Avalos C, Moriena L, Cavatorta AL, Gardiol D. Interference of HTLV-1 Tax Protein with Cell Polarity Regulators: Defining the Subcellular Localization of the Tax-DLG1 Interaction. Viruses 2017; 9:E355. [PMID: 29168728 PMCID: PMC5744130 DOI: 10.3390/v9120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 Tax (Tax) protein is very important in viral replication and cell transformation. Tax localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm in association with organelles. Some activities of Tax depend on interactions with PDZ (PSD-95/Discs Large/Z0-1) domain-containing proteins such as Discs large protein 1 (DLG1) which is involved in cell polarity and proliferation. The DLG1 interaction results in a cytoplasmic co-localization pattern resembling vesicular aggregates, the nature of which is still unknown. To further explore the role of PDZ proteins in HTLV-1 cell transformation, we deeply investigated the Tax-DLG1 association. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we detected, for the first time, the direct binding of Tax to DLG1 within the cell. We showed that the interaction specifically affects the cellular distribution of not only DLG1, but also Tax. After studying different cell structures, we demonstrated that the aggregates distribute into the Golgi apparatus in spatial association with the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). This study contributes to understand the biological significance of Tax-PDZ interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Clarisse Brunet Avalos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Lucía Moriena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Chen L, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wei S, Li B, Zhang X, Zhang L, Li Q, Xu H, Xu Z. Silencing of AQP3 induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via downregulation of glycerol intake and downstream inhibition of lipogenesis and autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2791-2804. [PMID: 28620264 PMCID: PMC5466363 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s134016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis and is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Optimal therapeutic targets have not been identified. AQP3 is capable of transporting glycerol across the cytomembrane. Previous studies have shown that AQP3 is involved in proliferation, invasion and migration by regulating glycerol and lipid metabolism in diverse cancer cell types. However, the potential roles of glycerol and lipid metabolism in AQP3-related cell apoptosis in GC remain unclear. In this study, we observed that AQP3 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues, and positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and glycerol concentration in human GC samples. Silencing of AQP3 resulted in decreased glycerol intake and impaired lipid synthesis, which contributed to increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy induced by AQP3 knockdown promoted cell apoptosis. Administration of either glycerol or rapamycin restored cell viability, and overexpression of AQP3 increased cell viability by upregulating cellular glycerol metabolism and autophagy. Our study demonstrates that the increase in cell apoptosis of AQP3-deficient GC cells is a consequence of reduced glycerol uptake and lipogenesis and is associated with autophagy inhibition induced by AQP3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Whang MI, Tavares RM, Benjamin DI, Kattah MG, Advincula R, Nomura DK, Debnath J, Malynn BA, Ma A. The Ubiquitin Binding Protein TAX1BP1 Mediates Autophagasome Induction and the Metabolic Transition of Activated T Cells. Immunity 2017; 46:405-420. [PMID: 28314591 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During immune responses, naive T cells transition from small quiescent cells to rapidly cycling cells. We have found that T cells lacking TAX1BP1 exhibit delays in growth of cell size and cell cycling. TAX1BP1-deficient T cells exited G0 but stalled in S phase, due to both bioenergetic and biosynthetic defects. These defects were due to deficiencies in mTOR complex formation and activation. These mTOR defects in turn resulted from defective autophagy induction. TAX1BP1 binding of LC3 and GABARAP via its LC3-interacting region (LIR), but not its ubiquitin-binding domain, supported T cell proliferation. Supplementation of TAX1BP1-deficient T cells with metabolically active L-cysteine rescued mTOR activation and proliferation but not autophagy. These studies reveal that TAX1BP1 drives a specialized form of autophagy, providing critical amino acids that activate mTOR and enable the metabolic transition of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Whang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA
| | - Rita M Tavares
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA
| | - Daniel I Benjamin
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael G Kattah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA
| | - Rommel Advincula
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0505, USA
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0358, USA.
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33
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Liu X, Qin H, Xu J. The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:351-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang H, Chen L, Cai SH, Cheng H. Identification of TBK1 and IKKε, the non-canonical IκB kinases, as crucial pro-survival factors in HTLV-1-transformed T lymphocytes. Leuk Res 2016; 46:37-44. [PMID: 27123832 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent activation of NF-κB is a prerequisite for development of adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) caused by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 genome encodes a viral transforming protein named Tax, which constitutively activates the canonical IκB kinases (IKK), the central regulator of NF-κB signaling. However, the role of the non-canonical IκB kinases, TBK1 and IKKε, in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated leukemia has not been evaluated. We here show that TBK1/IKKε are crucial pro-survival molecules by maintaining persistent activity of Stat3. Consistent with this finding, silencing Stat3 by the specific shRNA or by the chemical inhibitor ruxolitinib results in drastic impediment of leukemia cell growth. We further find that in HTLV-1-transformed T cells expressing Tax, TBK1 co-localizes with the canonical IκB kinases and Tax in the lipid raft microdomains. The wild type Tax, but not the Tax mutant defective in activating the canonical IKK, promotes the lipid raft translocation of TBK1. This phenomenon correlates with Tax activation of both NF-κB and Stat3. Tax does not interact directly with TBK1/IKKε, and it rather engages a molecular crosstalk between the canonical IKKs and TBK1/IKKε. Our data, therefore, demonstrate a key role of TBK1/IKKε in the survival and proliferation of HTLV-1-transformed T cells and implicate a potential therapy targeting TBK1/IKKε and Stat3 in controlling HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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35
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Kozako T, Soeda S, Yoshimitsu M, Arima N, Kuroki A, Hirata S, Tanaka H, Imakyure O, Tone N, Honda SI, Soeda S. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan induces apoptosis and autophagy in adult T-cell leukemia cells. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:442-60. [PMID: 27419050 PMCID: PMC4856423 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive T‐cell malignancy that develops after long‐term infection with human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV‐1), requires new treatments. Drug repositioning, reuse of a drug previously approved for the treatment of another condition to treat ATL, offers the possibility of reduced time and risk. Among clinically available angiotensin II receptor blockers, telmisartan is well known for its unique ability to activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, which plays various roles in lipid metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, telmisartan reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptotic cells via caspase activation in ex vivo peripheral blood monocytes from asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers (ACs) or via caspase‐independent cell death in acute‐type ATL, which has a poor prognosis. Telmisartan also induced significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines via caspase activation, whereas other angiotensin II receptor blockers did not induce cell death. Interestingly, telmisartan increased the LC3‐II‐enriched protein fraction, indicating autophagosome accumulation and autophagy. Thus, telmisartan simultaneously caused caspase activation and autophagy. A hypertension medication with antiproliferation effects on primary and leukemia cells is intriguing. Patients with an early diagnosis of ATL are generally monitored until the disease progresses; thus, suppression of progression from AC and indolent ATL to acute ATL is important. Our results suggest that telmisartan is highly effective against primary cells and leukemia cell lines in caspase‐dependent and ‐independent manners, and its clinical use may suppress acute transformation and improve prognosis of patients with this mortal disease. This is the first report demonstrating a cell growth‐inhibitory effect of telmisartan in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan; Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan; Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Ayako Kuroki
- Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Shinya Hirata
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Kumamoto University Hospital Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Osamu Imakyure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Nanako Tone
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shinji Soeda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
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Nakanishi T, Song Y, He C, Wang D, Morita K, Tsukada J, Kanazawa T, Yoshida Y. Autophagy is associated with cucurbitacin D-induced apoptosis in human T cell leukemia cells. Med Oncol 2016; 33:30. [PMID: 26913856 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the inflammasome inhibitor cucurbitacin D (CuD) induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of co-treatment with an additional Bcl-xL inhibitor, Z36. Treatment with Z36 induced cell death in leukemia cell lines, with MT-4 cells exhibiting the lowest sensitivity to Z36. Co-treatment of cells with Z36 and CuD resulted in a greater degree of cell death for Hut78 and Jurkat cells than treatment with CuD alone. In contrast, co-treatment of MT-4 cells with Z36 and CuD had a suppressive effect on cell death. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) suppressed the growth of leukemia cell lines HuT78, Jurkat, MT-1, and MT-4. CuD-induced cell death was enhanced by 3-MA in Jurkat cells, but inhibited in MT-4 cells. Western blotting results revealed cleavage of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), supporting CuD-induced cell death; 3-MA enhanced CuD-Z36-induced PARP cleavage. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy negatively regulates chemical-induced cell death of leukemia cells, and that controlling autophagy could be beneficial in the development of more effective chemotherapies against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nakanishi
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 169 Tian Shan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cuiying He
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kanazawa
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Chen L, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cheng H. Foxp3-dependent transformation of human primary CD4+ T lymphocytes by the retroviral protein tax. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:523-9. [PMID: 26381169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The retroviral Tax proteins of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2) are highly homologous viral transactivators. Both viral proteins can immortalize human primary CD4+ memory T cells, but when expressed alone they rarely transform T cells. In the present study, we found that the Tax proteins displayed a differential ability to immortalize human CD4+Foxp3+ T cells with characteristic expression of CTLA-4 and GITR. Because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was reportedly expressed and activated in a subset of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells, we introduced an activated EGFR into Tax-immortalized CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. We observed that these modified cells were grown independently of exogenous IL-2, correlating with a T cell transformation phenotype. In Tax-immortalized CD4+Foxp3- T cells, ectopic expression of Foxp3 was a prerequisite for Tax transformation of T cells. Accordingly, treatment of the transformed T cells with erlotinib, a selective inhibitor of EGFR, induced degradation of EGFR in lysosome, consequently causing T cell growth inhibition. Further, we identified autophagy as a crucial cellular survival pathway for the transformed T cells. Silencing key autophagy molecules including Beclin1, Atg5 and PI3 kinase class III (PI3KC3) resulted in drastic impairment of T cell growth. Our data, therefore, unveiled a previously unidentified role of Foxp3 in T cell transformation, providing a molecular basis for HTLV-1 transformation of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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38
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Chen L, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cheng H. The autophagy molecule Beclin 1 maintains persistent activity of NF-κB and Stat3 in HTLV-1-transformed T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:739-45. [PMID: 26319552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The retroviral oncoprotein Tax from human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces persistent activation of IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling, an essential step for initiating HTLV-1 oncogenesis. The regulation of the IKK/NF-κB signaling in HTLV-1-transformed T cells remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we showed that the autophagy molecule Beclin1 not only executed a cytoprotective function through induction of autophagy but also played a pivotal role in maintaining Tax-induced activation of two key survival factors, NF-κB and Stat3. Silencing Beclin1 in HTLV-1-transformed T cells resulted in diminished activities of NF-κB and Stat3 as well as impaired growth. In Beclin1-depleted cells, Tax failed to activate NF-κB and Stat3 at its full capacity. In addition, we showed that Beclin1 interacted with the catalytic subunits of IKK. Further, we observed that selective inhibition of IKK repressed the activities of both NF-κB and Stat3 in the context of HTLV-1-transformation of T cells. Our data, therefore, unveiled a key role of Beclin1 in maintaining persistent activities of both NF-κB and Stat3 in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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39
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Xiang D, Yuan Y, Chen L, Liu X, Belani C, Cheng H. Niclosamide, an anti-helminthic molecule, downregulates the retroviral oncoprotein Tax and pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in HTLV-1-transformed T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:221-228. [PMID: 26116531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia and lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive form of hematological malignancy and is caused by chronic infection of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The viral genome encodes an oncogenic protein, Tax, which plays a key role in transactivating viral gene transcription and in deregulating cellular oncogenic signaling to promote survival, proliferation and transformation of virally infected T cells. Hence, Tax is a desirable therapeutic target, particularly at early stage of HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis. We here show that niclosamide, an anti-helminthic molecule, induced apoptosis of HTLV-1-transformed T cells. Niclosamide facilitated degradation of the Tax protein in proteasome. Consistent with niclosamide-mediated Tax degradation, this compound inhibited activities of MAPK/ERK1/2 and IκB kinases. In addition, niclosamide downregulated Stat3 and pro-survival Bcl-2 family members such as Mcl-1 and repressed the viral gene transcription of HTLV-1 through induction of Tax degradation. Since Tax, Stat3 and Mcl-1 are crucial molecules for promoting survival and growth of HTLV-1-transformed T cells, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of niclosamide in inducing Tax degradation and downregulating various cellular pro-survival molecules, thereby promoting apoptosis of HTLV-1-associated leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.,Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chandra Belani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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40
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Niu G, Zhang H, Liu D, Chen L, Belani C, Wang HG, Cheng H. Tid1, the Mammalian Homologue of Drosophila Tumor Suppressor Tid56, Mediates Macroautophagy by Interacting with Beclin1-containing Autophagy Protein Complex. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18102-18110. [PMID: 26055714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.665950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental functions of molecular chaperone proteins is to selectively conjugate cellular proteins, targeting them directly to lysosome. Some of chaperones, such as the stress-induced Hsp70, also play important roles in autophagosome-forming macroautophagy under various stress conditions. However, the role of their co-chaperones in autophagy regulation has not been well defined. We here show that Tid1, a DnaJ co-chaperone for Hsp70 and the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56, is a key mediator of macroautophagy pathway. Ectopic expression of Tid1 induces autophagy by forming LC3+ autophagosome foci, whereas silencing Tid1 leads to drastic impairment of autophagy as induced by nutrient deprivation or rapamycin. In contrast, Hsp70 is dispensable for a role in nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy. The murine Tid1 can be replaced with human Tid1 in murine fibroblast cells for induction of autophagy. We further show that Tid1 increases autophagy flux by interacting with the Beclin1-PI3 kinase class III protein complex in response to autophagy inducing signal and that Tid1 is an essential mediator that connects IκB kinases to the Beclin1-containing autophagy protein complex. Together, these results reveal a crucial role of Tid1 as an evolutionarily conserved and essential mediator of canonical macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Niu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Chandra Belani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Departments of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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41
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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) tax requires CADM1/TSLC1 for inactivation of the NF-κB inhibitor A20 and constitutive NF-κB signaling. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004721. [PMID: 25774694 PMCID: PMC4361615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of NF-κB by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein, Tax, is vital for the development and pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). K63-linked polyubiquitinated Tax activates the IKK complex in the plasma membrane-associated lipid raft microdomain. Tax also interacts with TAX1BP1 to inactivate the NF-κB negative regulatory ubiquitin-editing A20 enzyme complex. However, the molecular mechanisms of Tax-mediated IKK activation and A20 protein complex inactivation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that membrane associated CADM1 (Cell adhesion molecule1) recruits Ubc13 to Tax, causing K63-linked polyubiquitination of Tax, and IKK complex activation in the membrane lipid raft. The c-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing PDZ binding motif of CADM1 is critical for Tax to maintain persistent NF-κB activation. Finally, Tax failed to inactivate the NF-κB negative regulator ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 complex, and activate the IKK complex in the lipid raft in absence of CADM1. Our results thus indicate that CADM1 functions as a critical scaffold molecule for Tax and Ubc13 to form a cellular complex with NEMO, TAX1BP1 and NRP, to activate the IKK complex in the plasma membrane-associated lipid rafts, to inactivate NF-κB negative regulators, and maintain persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells. HTLV-1 infection leads to the development of Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). One of the major causes responsible for the development of HTLV-1 associated diseases is chronic inflammation directed by NF-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB activation in response to a wide variety of signals is transient and tightly controlled by ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20. One of the mechanisms of persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells is inactivation of NF-κB negative regulators; however, the precise mechanism is unknown. Here, we focused on host tumor suppressor Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) that is robustly upregulated in HTLV-1 infected cells. The expression of CADM1 is frequently silenced in several cancers; however, it is critical for HTLV-1 associated ATL tumor cell survival. We characterized the role of CADM1 in persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells. We found that CADM1 is required for the HTLV-1 oncoprotein, Tax, to form a cellular complex with Ubc13, TAX1BP1, NRP and NEMO in the membrane lipid rafts micorodomain. We further demonstrated that Tax requires CADM1 to inactivate NF-κB negative regulator and maintain persistent NF-κB activation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of chronic NF-κB activation by CADM1 in HTLV-1 infected cells.
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Regulation of HTLV-1 tax stability, cellular trafficking and NF-κB activation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Viruses 2014; 6:3925-43. [PMID: 25341660 PMCID: PMC4213571 DOI: 10.3390/v6103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 3%–5% of infected individuals after a long latent period. HTLV-1 Tax is a trans-activating protein that regulates viral gene expression and also modulates cellular signaling pathways to enhance T-cell proliferation and cell survival. The Tax oncoprotein promotes T-cell transformation, in part via constitutive activation of the NF-κB transcription factor; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Ubiquitination is a type of post-translational modification that occurs in a three-step enzymatic cascade mediated by E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and regulates protein stability as well as signal transduction, protein trafficking and the DNA damage response. Emerging studies indicate that Tax hijacks the ubiquitin machinery to activate ubiquitin-dependent kinases and downstream NF-κB signaling. Tax interacts with the E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and is conjugated on C-terminal lysine residues with lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Tax K63-linked polyubiquitination may serve as a platform for signaling complexes since this modification is critical for interactions with NEMO and IKK. In addition to NF-κB signaling, mono- and polyubiquitination of Tax also regulate its subcellular trafficking and stability. Here, we review recent advances in the diverse roles of ubiquitin in Tax function and how Tax usurps the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to promote oncogenesis.
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43
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Bronietzki AW, Schuster M, Schmitz I. Autophagy in T-cell development, activation and differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:25-34. [PMID: 25287445 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital catabolic process for degrading bulky cytosolic contents, which cannot be resorbed via the proteasome. First described as a survival mechanism during nutrient starvation conditions, recent reports have demonstrated that autophagy supports metabolic functions of T cells at various stages of maturation and effector function. Autophagy is crucial for T-cell development at the precursor stage as self-renewability and quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells depend on autophagy of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Later, during development in the thymus, autophagy regulates peptide presentation in stromal cells and professional antigen-presenting cells, which mediate thymocyte selection. Furthermore, the metabolic changes when mature T cells enter the periphery and when they are activated are both dependent on autophagy. Lastly, autophagy prevents early aging and, thus, ensures maintenance of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha W Bronietzki
- 1] Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany [2] Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schuster
- 1] Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany [2] Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- 1] Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany [2] Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ciminale V, Rende F, Bertazzoni U, Romanelli MG. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2: highly similar viruses with distinct oncogenic properties. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:398. [PMID: 25120538 PMCID: PMC4114287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 share broad similarities in their overall genetic organization and expression pattern, but they differ substantially in their pathogenic properties. This review outlines distinctive features of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 that might provide clues to explain their distinct clinical outcomes. Differences in the kinetics of viral mRNA expression, functional properties of the regulatory and accessory proteins, and interactions with cellular factors and signal transduction pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Rende
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Bertazzoni
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Maria G Romanelli
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Verona, Italy
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