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Ramachandran R, Jeans AF. Breaking Down Glioma-Microenvironment Crosstalk. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241259773. [PMID: 39066464 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241259773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the commonest primary brain cancers. They are characterized by a pattern of aggressive growth and diffuse infiltration of the host brain that severely limits the efficacy of conventional treatments and patient outcomes, which remain generally poor. Recent work has described a suite of mechanisms via which HGGs interact, predominantly bidirectionally, with various cell types in the host brain including neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and vascular elements to drive tumor growth and invasion. These insights have the potential to inspire novel approaches to HGG therapy that are critically needed. This review explores HGG-host brain interactions and considers whether and how they might be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Quan W, Xu CS, Ma C, Chen X, Yu DH, Li ZY, Wang DW, Tang F, Wan GP, Wan J, Wang ZF, Li ZQ. Anti-tumor effects of telmisartan in glioma-astrocyte non-contact co-cultures: A critical role of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine growth promotion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112707. [PMID: 39032472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. However, in vitro, anti-proliferative effects are shown at doses far beyond the therapeutic plasma concentration. Considering the role of tumor microenvironment in glioma progression, glioma-astrocyte co-cultures were employed to test the anti-tumor potential of low-dose telmisartan. When a high dose was required for a direct anti-proliferative effect on glioma cell lines, a low dose significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in the co-culture system. Under co-culture conditions, upregulated IL-6 expression in astrocytes played a critical role in glioma progression. Silencing IL-6 in astrocytes or IL-6R in glioma cells reduced proliferation and migration. Telmisartan (5 μM) inhibited astrocytic IL-6 expression, and its anti-tumor effects were reversed by silencing IL-6 or IL-6R and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in glioma cells. Moreover, the telmisartan-driven IL-6 downregulation was not imitated by losartan, an AT1R blocker with little capacity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activation, but was eliminated by a PPARγ antagonist, indicating that the anti-glioma effects of telmisartan rely on its PPARγ agonistic activity rather than AT1R blockade. This study highlights the importance of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine signaling in glioma growth and the potential of telmisartan as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioma, especially those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Ping Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Research and Clinical Techniques for Brain Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment, Hubei, China.
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3
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Li X, Wang Z, Chen N. Perspective and Therapeutic Potential of the Noncoding RNA-Connexin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6146. [PMID: 38892334 PMCID: PMC11173347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of nucleotide sequences that cannot be translated into peptides. ncRNAs can function post-transcriptionally by splicing complementary sequences of mRNAs or other ncRNAs or by directly engaging in protein interactions. Over the past few decades, the pervasiveness of ncRNAs in cell physiology and their pivotal roles in various diseases have been identified. One target regulated by ncRNAs is connexin (Cx), a protein that forms gap junctions and hemichannels and facilitates intercellular molecule exchange. The aberrant expression and misdistribution of connexins have been implicated in central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases, and cancer. Current databases and technologies have enabled researchers to identify the direct or indirect relationships between ncRNAs and connexins, thereby elucidating their correlation with diseases. In this review, we selected the literature published in the past five years concerning disorders regulated by ncRNAs via corresponding connexins. Among it, microRNAs that regulate the expression of Cx43 play a crucial role in disease development and are predominantly reviewed. The distinctive perspective of the ncRNA-Cx axis interprets pathology in an epigenetic manner and is expected to motivate research for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
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Sun X, Zhang W, Gou C, Wang X, Wang X, Shao X, Chen X, Chen Z. AS1411 binds to nucleolin via its parallel structure and disrupts the exos-miRNA-27a-mediated reciprocal activation loop between glioma and astrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167211. [PMID: 38701957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between glioma cells and astrocytes promotes the proliferation of gliomas. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) carried by astrocyte exosomes (exos) may be involved in this process, but the mechanism remains unclear. The oligonucleotide AS1411, which consists of 26 bases and has a G-quadruplex structure, is an aptamer that targets nucleolin. In this study, we demonstrate exosome-miRNA-27a-mediated cross-activation between astrocytes and glioblastoma and show that AS1411 reduces astrocytes' pro-glioma activity. The enhanced affinity of AS1411 toward nucleolin is attributed to its G-quadruplex structure. After binding to nucleolin, AS1411 inhibits the entry of the NF-κB pathway transcription factor P65 into the nucleus, then downregulates the expression of miRNA-27a in astrocytes surrounding gliomas. Then, AS1411 downregulates astrocyte exosome-miRNA-27a and upregulates the expression of INPP4B, the target gene of miRNA-27a in gliomas, thereby inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting glioma proliferation. These results were verified in mouse orthotopic glioma xenografts and human glioma samples. In conclusion, the parallel structure of AS1411 allows it to bind to nucleolin and disrupt the exosome-miRNA-27a-mediated reciprocal activation loop between glioma cells and astrocytes. Our results may help in the development of a novel approach to therapeutic modulation of the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Wenzi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Changlong Gou
- Department of ultrasound medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xin Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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5
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Du Y, Li R, Fu D, Zhang B, Cui A, Shao Y, Lai Z, Chen R, Chen B, Wang Z, Zhang W, Chu L. Multi-omics technologies and molecular biomarkers in brain tumor-related epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14717. [PMID: 38641945 PMCID: PMC11031674 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of epilepsy, and brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is recognized as the major cause of intractable epilepsy, resulting in huge treatment cost and burden to patients, their families, and society. Although optimal treatment regimens are available, the majority of patients with BTRE show poor resolution of symptoms. BTRE has a very complex and multifactorial etiology, which includes several influencing factors such as genetic and molecular biomarkers. Advances in multi-omics technologies have enabled to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and related biomarkers of BTRE. Here, we reviewed multi-omics technology-based research studies on BTRE published in the last few decades and discussed the present status, development, opportunities, challenges, and prospects in treating BTRE. METHODS First, we provided a general review of epilepsy, BTRE, and multi-omics techniques. Next, we described the specific multi-omics (including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) techniques and related molecular biomarkers for BTRE. We then presented the associated pathogenetic mechanisms of BTRE. Finally, we discussed the development and application of novel omics techniques for diagnosing and treating BTRE. RESULTS Genomics studies have shown that the BRAF gene plays a role in BTRE development. Furthermore, the BRAF V600E variant was found to induce epileptogenesis in the neuronal cell lineage and tumorigenesis in the glial cell lineage. Several genomics studies have linked IDH variants with glioma-related epilepsy, and the overproduction of D2HG is considered to play a role in neuronal excitation that leads to seizure occurrence. The high expression level of Forkhead Box O4 (FOXO4) was associated with a reduced risk of epilepsy occurrence. In transcriptomics studies, VLGR1 was noted as a biomarker of epileptic onset in patients. Several miRNAs such as miR-128 and miRNA-196b participate in BTRE development. miR-128 might be negatively associated with the possibility of tumor-related epilepsy development. The lncRNA UBE2R2-AS1 inhibits the growth and invasion of glioma cells and promotes apoptosis. Quantitative proteomics has been used to determine dynamic changes of protein acetylation in epileptic and non-epileptic gliomas. In another proteomics study, a high expression of AQP-4 was detected in the brain of GBM patients with seizures. By using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay, a study revealed that patients with astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas showed high BCL2A1 expression and poor seizure control. By performing immunohistochemistry, several studies have reported the relationship between D2HG overproduction and seizure occurrence. Ki-67 overexpression in WHO grade II gliomas was found to be associated with poor postoperative seizure control. According to metabolomics research, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is associated with the development of glioma-related epileptogenesis. Another metabolomics study found that SV2A, P-gb, and CAD65/67 have the potential to function as biomarkers for BTRE. CONCLUSIONS Based on the synthesized information, this review provided new research perspectives and insights into the early diagnosis, etiological factors, and personalized treatment of BTRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion MedicineZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rusong Li
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Danqing Fu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Biqin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of HematologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Ailin Cui
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound MedicineZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yutian Shao
- Zhejiang BioAsia Life Science InstitutePinghuChina
| | - Zeyu Lai
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Chen
- School of Clinical MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion MedicineZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion MedicineZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lisheng Chu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of PhysiologyZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Zoteva V, De Meulenaere V, Vanhove C, Leybaert L, Raedt R, Pieters L, Vral A, Boterberg T, Deblaere K. Integrating and optimizing tonabersat in standard glioblastoma therapy: A preclinical study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300552. [PMID: 38489314 PMCID: PMC10942024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), a highly aggressive primary brain tumor, presents a poor prognosis despite the current standard therapy, including radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Tumor microtubes involving connexin 43 (Cx43) contribute to glioma progression and therapy resistance, suggesting Cx43 inhibition as a potential treatment strategy. This research aims to explore the adjuvant potential of tonabersat, a Cx43 gap junction modulator and blood-brain barrier-penetrating compound, in combination with the standard of care for GB. In addition, different administration schedules and timings to optimize tonabersat's therapeutic window are investigated. The F98 Fischer rat model will be utilized to investigate tonabersat's impact in a clinically relevant setting, by incorporating fractionated radiotherapy (three fractions of 9 Gy) and TMZ chemotherapy (29 mg/kg). This study will evaluate tonabersat's impact on tumor growth, survival, and treatment response through advanced imaging (CE T1-w MRI) and histological analysis. Results show extended survival in rats receiving tonabersat with standard care, highlighting its adjuvant potential. Daily tonabersat administration, both preceding and following radiotherapy, emerges as a promising approach for maximizing survival outcomes. The study suggests tonabersat's potential to reduce tumor invasiveness, providing a new avenue for GB treatment. In conclusion, this preclinical investigation highlights tonabersat's potential as an effective adjuvant treatment for GB, and its established safety profile from clinical trials in migraine treatment presents a promising foundation for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Pieters
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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8
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Jayaram MA, Phillips JJ. Role of the Microenvironment in Glioma Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:181-201. [PMID: 37832944 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system tumors that affect both children and adults. Recent studies have revealed a dynamic cross talk that occurs between glioma cells and components of their microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. This cross talk regulates fundamental aspects of glioma development and growth. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the impact of these interactions on gliomas and highlight how tumor cells actively remodel their microenvironment to promote disease. These studies provide a better understanding of the interactions in the microenvironment that are important in gliomas, offer insight into the cross talk that occurs, and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be utilized to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Anjali Jayaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Catalano M, Limatola C, Trettel F. Non-neoplastic astrocytes: key players for brain tumor progression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1352130. [PMID: 38293652 PMCID: PMC10825036 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1352130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly plastic cells whose activity is essential to maintain the cerebral homeostasis, regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission, vascular and metabolic functions, ions, neuro- and gliotransmitters concentrations. In pathological conditions, astrocytes may undergo transient or long-lasting molecular and functional changes that contribute to disease resolution or exacerbation. In recent years, many studies demonstrated that non-neoplastic astrocytes are key cells of the tumor microenvironment that contribute to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor and of secondary metastatic brain tumors. This Mini Review covers the recent development of research on non-neoplastic astrocytes as tumor-modulators. Their double-edged capability to promote cancer progression or to represent potential tools to counteract brain tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Catalano
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Nóbrega AHL, Pimentel RS, Prado AP, Garcia J, Frozza RL, Bernardi A. Neuroinflammation in Glioblastoma: The Role of the Microenvironment in Tumour Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:579-594. [PMID: 38310461 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096265849231031101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and lethal among the main types of primary brain tumors. It exhibits malignant growth, infiltrating the brain tissue, and displaying resistance toward treatment. GBM is a complex disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity. During tumour growth, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells, infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and contribute extensively to gliomagenesis. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the most numerous nonneoplastic populations in the tumour microenvironment in GBM. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumour microenvironment, which mostly induces tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumour immune evasion, contributing to tumour progression. Additionally, TAMs and astrocytes can contribute to tumour progression through the release of cytokines and activation of signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of the microenvironment in GBM progression, focusing on neuroinflammation. These recent advancements in research of the microenvironment hold the potential to offer a promising approach to the treatment of GBM in the coming times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sampaio Pimentel
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Prado
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Garcia
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Luiz Frozza
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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11
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Nafe R, Hattingen E. Cellular Components of the Tumor Environment in Gliomas-What Do We Know Today? Biomedicines 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 38275375 PMCID: PMC10813739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A generation ago, the molecular properties of tumor cells were the focus of scientific interest in oncology research. Since then, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor environment (TEM), whose major components are non-neoplastic cell types, is also of utmost importance for our understanding of tumor growth, maintenance and resistance. In this review, we present the current knowledge concerning all cellular components within the TEM in gliomas, focusing on their molecular properties, expression patterns and influence on the biological behavior of gliomas. Insight into the TEM of gliomas has expanded considerably in recent years, including many aspects that previously received only marginal attention, such as the phenomenon of phagocytosis of glioma cells by macrophages and the role of the thyroid-stimulating hormone on glioma growth. We also discuss other topics such as the migration of lymphocytes into the tumor, phenotypic similarities between chemoresistant glioma cells and stem cells, and new clinical approaches with immunotherapies involving the cells of TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Nafe
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinics of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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12
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Lia A, Di Spiezio A, Vitalini L, Tore M, Puja G, Losi G. Ion Channels and Ionotropic Receptors in Astrocytes: Physiological Functions and Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and Glioblastoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2038. [PMID: 37895420 PMCID: PMC10608464 DOI: 10.3390/life13102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is composed of nearly one hundred billion neurons and an equal number of glial cells, including macroglia, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. In the last few decades, compelling evidence has revealed that glial cells are far more active and complex than previously thought. In particular, astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population, not only take part in brain development, metabolism, and defense against pathogens and insults, but they also affect sensory, motor, and cognitive functions by constantly modulating synaptic activity. Not surprisingly, astrocytes are actively involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and other neurological disorders like brain tumors, in which they rapidly become reactive and mediate neuroinflammation. Reactive astrocytes acquire or lose specific functions that differently modulate disease progression and symptoms, including cognitive impairments. Astrocytes express several types of ion channels, including K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), aquaporins, mechanoreceptors, and anion channels, whose properties and functions are only partially understood, particularly in small processes that contact synapses. In addition, astrocytes express ionotropic receptors for several neurotransmitters. Here, we provide an extensive and up-to-date review of the roles of ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocyte physiology and pathology. As examples of two different brain pathologies, we focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most diffuse neurodegenerative disorders, and glioblastoma (GBM), the most common brain tumor. Understanding how ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocytes participate in NDs and tumors is necessary for developing new therapeutic tools for these increasingly common neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Lia
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Spiezio
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
- Neuroscience Institute (CNR-IN), Padova Section, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vitalini
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Manuela Tore
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Puja
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Losi
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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14
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Rabah N, Ait Mohand FE, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Understanding Glioblastoma Signaling, Heterogeneity, Invasiveness, and Drug Delivery Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14256. [PMID: 37762559 PMCID: PMC10532387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and aggressive type of brain cancer, namely, glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and strong spreading capacity, which makes treatment ineffective. A true therapeutic answer is still in its infancy despite various studies that have made significant progress toward understanding the mechanisms behind GBM recurrence and its resistance. The primary causes of GBM recurrence are attributed to the heterogeneity and diffusive nature; therefore, monitoring the tumor's heterogeneity and spreading may offer a set of therapeutic targets that could improve the clinical management of GBM and prevent tumor relapse. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related poor drug delivery that prevents effective drug concentrations within the tumor is discussed. With a primary emphasis on signaling heterogeneity, tumor infiltration, and computational modeling of GBM, this review covers typical therapeutic difficulties and factors contributing to drug resistance development and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.R.); (F.-E.A.M.)
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15
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Zhang M, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Connexin 43 Phosphorylation: Implications in Multiple Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:4914. [PMID: 37446576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is most widely distributed in mammals, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Its phosphorylation state has been found to be regulated by the action of more than ten kinases and phosphatases, including mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signaling and regulating kinase signaling. In addition, the phosphorylation status of different phosphorylation sites affects its own synthesis and assembly and the function of the gap junctions (GJs) to varying degrees. The phosphorylation of Cx43 can affect the permeability, electrical conductivity, and gating properties of GJs, thereby having various effects on intercellular communication and affecting physiological or pathological processes in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between Cx43 phosphorylation and specific disease processes will help us better understand the disease. Based on the above clinical and preclinical findings, we present in this review the functional significance of Cx43 phosphorylation in multiple diseases and discuss the potential of Cx43 as a drug target in Cx43-related disease pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the importance of connexin 43 as an emerging therapeutic target in cardiac and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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16
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Cui Y, Lee P, Reardon JJ, Wang A, Lynch S, Otero JJ, Sizemore G, Winter JO. Evaluating glioblastoma tumour sphere growth and migration in interaction with astrocytes using 3D collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:5442-5459. [PMID: 37159233 PMCID: PMC10330682 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an astrocytic brain tumour with a low survival rate, partly because of its highly invasive nature. The GB tumour microenvironment (TME) includes its extracellular matrix (ECM), a variety of brain cell types, unique anatomical structures, and local mechanical cues. As such, researchers have attempted to create biomaterials and culture models that mimic features of TME complexity. Hydrogel materials have been particularly popular because they enable 3D cell culture and mimic TME mechanical properites and chemical composition. Here, we used a 3D collagen I-hyaluronic acid hydrogel material to explore interactions between GB cells and astrocytes, the normal cell type from which GB likely derives. We demonstrate three different spheroid culture configurations, including GB multi-spheres (i.e., GB and astrocyte cells in spheroid co-culture), GB-only mono-spheres cultured with astrocyte-conditioned media, and GB-only mono-spheres cultured with dispersed live or fixed astrocytes. Using U87 and LN229 GB cell lines and primary human astrocytes, we investigated material and experiment variability. We then used time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure invasive potential by characterizing the sphere size, migration capacity, and weight-averaged migration distance in these hydrogels. Finally, we developed methods to extract RNA for gene expression analysis from cells cultured in hydrogels. U87 and LN229 cells displayed different migration behaviors. U87 migration occurred primarily as single cells and was reduced with higher numbers of astrocytes in both multi-sphere and mono-sphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. In contrast, LN229 migration exhibited features of collective migration and was increased in monosphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. Gene expression studies indicated that the most differentially expressed genes in these co-cultures were CA9, HLA-DQA1, TMPRSS2, FPR1, OAS2, and KLRD1. Most differentially expressed genes were related to immune response, inflammation, and cytokine signalling, with greater influence on U87 than LN229. These data show that 3D in vitro hydrogel co-culture models can be used to reveal cell line specific differences in migration and to study differential GB-astrocyte crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Paul Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse J Reardon
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Skylar Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jose J Otero
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gina Sizemore
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Chin SM, Reina G, Chau NDQ, Chabrol T, Wion D, Bouamrani A, Gay E, Nishina Y, Bianco A, Berger F. Functional Graphene for Peritumoral Brain Microenvironment Modulation Therapy in Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208227. [PMID: 36732906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritumoral brain invasion is the main target to cure glioblastoma. Chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapies fail to combat peritumoral relapse. Brain inaccessibility and tumor heterogeneity explain this failure, combined with overlooking the peritumor microenvironment. Reduce graphene oxide (rGO) provides a unique opportunity to modulate the local brain microenvironment. Multimodal graphene impacts are reported on glioblastoma cells in vitro but fail when translated in vivo because of low diffusion. This issue is solved by developing a new rGO formulation involving ultramixing during the functionalization with polyethyleneimine (PEI) leading to the formation of highly water-stable rGO-PEI. Wide mice brain diffusion and biocompatibility are demonstrated. Using an invasive GL261 model, an anti-invasive effect is observed. A major unexpected modification of the peritumoral area is also observed with the neutralization of gliosis. In vitro, mechanistic investigations are performed using primary astrocytes and cytokine array. The result suggests that direct contact of rGO-PEIUT neutralizes astrogliosis, decreasing several proinflammatory cytokines that would explain a bystander tumor anti-invasive effect. rGO also significantly downregulates several proinvasive/protumoral cytokines at the tumor cell level. The results open the way to a new microenvironment anti-invasive nanotherapy using a new graphene nanomaterial that is optimized for in vivo brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Min Chin
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Giacomo Reina
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tanguy Chabrol
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Didier Wion
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Ali Bouamrani
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Gay
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - François Berger
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
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18
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Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
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19
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Erices JI, Bizama C, Niechi I, Uribe D, Rosales A, Fabres K, Navarro-Martínez G, Torres Á, San Martín R, Roa JC, Quezada-Monrás C. Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Invasiveness: New Insights and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087047. [PMID: 37108208 PMCID: PMC10139189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Without treatment the mean patient survival is approximately 6 months, which can be extended to 15 months with the use of multimodal therapies. The low effectiveness of GBM therapies is mainly due to the tumor infiltration into the healthy brain tissue, which depends on GBM cells' interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction of GBM cells with the TME involves cellular components such as stem-like cells, glia, endothelial cells, and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix, enhanced hypoxia, and soluble factors such as adenosine, which promote GBM's invasiveness. However, here we highlight the role of 3D patient-derived glioblastoma organoids cultures as a new platform for study of the modeling of TME and invasiveness. In this review, the mechanisms involved in GBM-microenvironment interaction are described and discussed, proposing potential prognosis biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Arnaldo Rosales
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Karen Fabres
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Giovanna Navarro-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 8370003, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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20
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Sisakht AK, Malekan M, Ghobadinezhad F, Firouzabadi SNM, Jafari A, Mirazimi SMA, Abadi B, Shafabakhsh R, Mirzaei H. Cellular Conversations in Glioblastoma Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:585-603. [PMID: 35411434 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignancy among primary brain tumors in adults and one of the worst 5-year survival rates (< 7%) among all human cancers. Till now, treatments that target particular cell or intracellular metabolism have not improved patients' survival. GBM recruits healthy brain cells and subverts their processes to create a microenvironment that contributes to supporting tumor progression. This microenvironment encompasses a complex network in which malignant cells interact with each other and with normal and immune cells to promote tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune suppression, and treatment resistance. Communication can be direct via cell-to-cell contact, mainly through adhesion molecules, tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, or indirect by conventional paracrine signaling by cytokine, neurotransmitter, and extracellular vesicles. Understanding these communication routes could open up new avenues for the treatment of this lethal tumor. Hence, therapeutic approaches based on glioma cells` communication have recently drawn attention. This review summarizes recent findings on the crosstalk between glioblastoma cells and their tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this conversation on glioblastoma progression. We also discuss the mechanism of communication of glioma cells and their importance as therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Overall, understanding the biological mechanism of specific interactions in the tumor microenvironment may help in predicting patient prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies to target GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimi Sisakht
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malekan
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Negar Mousavi Firouzabadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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21
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The Multifaceted Role of Connexins in Tumor Microenvironment Initiation and Maintenance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020204. [PMID: 36829482 PMCID: PMC9953436 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today's research on the processes of carcinogenesis and the vital activity of tumor tissues implies more attention be paid to constituents of the tumor microenvironment and their interactions. These interactions between cells in the tumor microenvironment can be mediated via different types of protein junctions. Connexins are one of the major contributors to intercellular communication. They form the gap junctions responsible for the transfer of ions, metabolites, peptides, miRNA, etc., between neighboring tumor cells as well as between tumor and stromal cells. Connexin hemichannels mediate purinergic signaling and bidirectional molecular transport with the extracellular environment. Additionally, connexins have been reported to localize in tumor-derived exosomes and facilitate the release of their cargo. A large body of evidence implies that the role of connexins in cancer is multifaceted. The pro- or anti-tumorigenic properties of connexins are determined by their abundance, localization, and functionality as well as their channel assembly and non-channel functions. In this review, we have summarized the data on the contribution of connexins to the formation of the tumor microenvironment and to cancer initiation and progression.
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22
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Berg TJ, Pietras A. Radiotherapy-induced remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by stromal cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:846-856. [PMID: 35143991 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reside amongst a complex milieu of stromal cells and structural features known as the tumor microenvironment. Often cancer cells divert and co-opt functions of stromal cells of the microenvironment to support tumor progression and treatment resistance. During therapy targeting cancer cells, the stromal cells of the microenvironment receive therapy to the same extent as cancer cells. Stromal cells therefore activate a variety of responses to the damage induced by these therapies, and some of those responses may support tumor progression and resistance. We review here the response of stromal cells to cancer therapy with a focus on radiotherapy in glioblastoma. We highlight the response of endothelial cells and the vasculature, macrophages and microglia, and astrocytes, as well as describing resulting changes in the extracellular matrix. We emphasize the complex interplay of these cellular factors in their dynamic responses. Finally, we discuss their resulting support of cancer cells in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Understanding the stromal cell response to therapy provides insight into complementary therapeutic targets to enhance tumor response to existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J Berg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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23
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Sun X, Chen Y, Tao X, Zhang W, Wang X, Wang X, Ruan Z, Chen Z. INPP4B inhibits glioma cell proliferation and immune escape via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983537. [PMID: 36147923 PMCID: PMC9487419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INPP4B (Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II) has been regarded as a suppressor of several human tumors, but its biological function, expression, and clinical significance in glioma tissues and cell lines are unclear. Notably, whether INPP4B participates in immune escape of glioma deserves urgent attention. Here, we confirmed that INPP4B expression is often downregulated in low- and high-grade human glioma tissues, in tissues from an orthotopic mouse model of brain glioma and in glioma cells. We found that INPP4B overexpression restrained the proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, PD-L1 expression, and T cell suppression by glioma cells, whereas INPP4B silencing had the opposite effects. Moreover, we showed that INPP4B inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and PD-L1 expression by downregulating PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, these data support that INPP4B may inhibit glioma progression, and particularly, glioma’s immune escape. Thus, INPP4B may constitute a valuable target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yani Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tao
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wenzi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Chen, ; Zhihua Ruan,
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Chen, ; Zhihua Ruan,
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Pandey N, Anastasiadis P, Carney CP, Kanvinde PP, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Kim AJ. Nanotherapeutic treatment of the invasive glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114415. [PMID: 35787387 PMCID: PMC10947564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant adult brain cancer with no curative treatment strategy. A significant hurdle in GBM treatment is effective therapeutic delivery to the brain-invading tumor cells that remain following surgery within functioning brain regions. Developing therapies that can either directly target these brain-invading tumor cells or act on other cell types and molecular processes supporting tumor cell invasion and recurrence are essential steps in advancing new treatments in the clinic. This review highlights some of the drug delivery strategies and nanotherapeutic technologies that are designed to target brain-invading GBM cells or non-neoplastic, invasion-supporting cells residing within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pranjali P Kanvinde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
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25
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Connexins Signatures of the Neurovascular Unit and Their Physio-Pathological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179510. [PMID: 36076908 PMCID: PMC9455936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is closely linked to the delicate balance of the microenvironment in which different cellular components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) coexist. Intercellular communication plays a pivotal role in exchanges of signaling molecules and mediators essential for survival functions, as well as in the removal of disturbing elements that can lead to related pathologies. The specific signatures of connexins (Cxs), proteins which form either gap junctions (GJs) or hemichannels (HCs), represent the biological substrate of the pathophysiological balance. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is undoubtedly one of the most important factors in glia–neuro–vascular crosstalk. Herein, Cxs signatures of every NVU component are highlighted and their critical influence on functional processes in healthy and pathological conditions of nervous microenvironment is reviewed.
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Venkataramani V, Yang Y, Schubert MC, Reyhan E, Tetzlaff SK, Wißmann N, Botz M, Soyka SJ, Beretta CA, Pramatarov RL, Fankhauser L, Garofano L, Freudenberg A, Wagner J, Tanev DI, Ratliff M, Xie R, Kessler T, Hoffmann DC, Hai L, Dörflinger Y, Hoppe S, Yabo YA, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Sahm F, Lasorella A, Slowik M, Döring L, Iavarone A, Wick W, Kuner T, Winkler F. Glioblastoma hijacks neuronal mechanisms for brain invasion. Cell 2022; 185:2899-2917.e31. [PMID: 35914528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are incurable tumors infiltrating the brain. A subpopulation of glioblastoma cells forms a functional and therapy-resistant tumor cell network interconnected by tumor microtubes (TMs). Other subpopulations appear unconnected, and their biological role remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that whole-brain colonization is fueled by glioblastoma cells that lack connections with other tumor cells and astrocytes yet receive synaptic input from neurons. This subpopulation corresponds to neuronal and neural-progenitor-like tumor cell states, as defined by single-cell transcriptomics, both in mouse models and in the human disease. Tumor cell invasion resembled neuronal migration mechanisms and adopted a Lévy-like movement pattern of probing the environment. Neuronal activity induced complex calcium signals in glioblastoma cells followed by the de novo formation of TMs and increased invasion speed. Collectively, superimposing molecular and functional single-cell data revealed that neuronal mechanisms govern glioblastoma cell invasion on multiple levels. This explains how glioblastoma's dissemination and cellular heterogeneity are closely interlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Yang
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Cicero Schubert
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekin Reyhan
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kristin Tetzlaff
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Wißmann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Botz
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Judith Soyka
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Antonio Beretta
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rangel Lyubomirov Pramatarov
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Fankhauser
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Julia Wagner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitar Ivanov Tanev
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvette Dörflinger
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Hoppe
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Martin Slowik
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leif Döring
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tamai S, Ichinose T, Tsutsui T, Tanaka S, Garaeva F, Sabit H, Nakada M. Tumor Microenvironment in Glioma Invasion. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040505. [PMID: 35448036 PMCID: PMC9031400 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major malignant trait of gliomas is their remarkable infiltration capacity. When glioma develops, the tumor cells have already reached the distant part. Therefore, complete removal of the glioma is impossible. Recently, research on the involvement of the tumor microenvironment in glioma invasion has advanced. Local hypoxia triggers cell migration as an environmental factor. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α, produced in tumor cells under hypoxia, promotes the transcription of various invasion related molecules. The extracellular matrix surrounding tumors is degraded by proteases secreted by tumor cells and simultaneously replaced by an extracellular matrix that promotes infiltration. Astrocytes and microglia become tumor-associated astrocytes and glioma-associated macrophages/microglia, respectively, in relation to tumor cells. These cells also promote glioma invasion. Interactions between glioma cells actively promote infiltration of each other. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy transform the microenvironment, allowing glioma cells to invade. These findings indicate that the tumor microenvironment may be a target for glioma invasion. On the other hand, because the living body actively promotes tumor infiltration in response to the tumor, it is necessary to reconsider whether the invasion itself is friend or foe to the brain.
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MicroRNA-22 represses glioma development via activation of macrophage-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Oncogene 2022; 41:2444-2457. [PMID: 35279703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis and subsequent neoantigen presentation are critical for generating anti-tumor immunity. This study aimed to uncover the potential clinical value and molecular mechanisms of miRNA-22 (miR-22) in tumor cell phagocytosis via macrophages and more efficient T cell priming. We found that miR-22 expression was markedly downregulated in primary macrophages from glioma tissue samples compared to adjacent tissues. miR-22-overexpressing macrophages inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration, respectively. miR-22 upregulation stimulated the phagocytic ability of macrophages, enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and efficient T cell priming. Additionally, our data revealed that miR-22-overexpressing macrophages inhibited glioma formation in vivo, HDAC6 was a target, and NF-κB signaling was a pathway closely associated with miR-22 in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of glioma. Our findings revealed the essential roles of miR-22 in tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages and more efficient T cell priming, facilitating further research on phagocytic regulation to enhance the response to tumor immunotherapy.
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29
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Gliomas—Basic Insights and Treatment Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051319. [PMID: 35267626 PMCID: PMC8909866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a specialized immune cell type found in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Versatile in functionality, macrophages carry out important tasks such as cleaning cellular debris in healthy tissues and mounting immune responses during infection. In many cancer types, macrophages make up a significant portion of tumor tissue, and these are aptly called tumor-associated macrophages. In gliomas, a group of primary brain tumors, these macrophages are found in very high frequency. Tumor-associated macrophages can promote glioma development and influence the outcome of various therapeutic regimens. At the same time, these cells provide various potential points of intervention for therapeutic approaches in glioma patients. The significance of tumor-associated macrophages in the glioma microenvironment and potential therapeutic targets are the focus of this review. Abstract Glioma refers to a group of primary brain tumors which includes glioblastoma (GBM), astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma as major entities. Among these, GBM is the most frequent and most malignant one. The highly infiltrative nature of gliomas, and their intrinsic intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, pose challenges towards developing effective treatments. The glioma microenvironment, in addition, is also thought to play a critical role during tumor development and treatment course. Unlike most other solid tumors, the glioma microenvironment is dominated by macrophages and microglia—collectively known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs, like their homeostatic counterparts, are plastic in nature and can polarize to either pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive states. Many lines of evidence suggest that immunosuppressive TAMs dominate the glioma microenvironment, which fosters tumor development, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and recurrence and, very importantly, impedes the therapeutic effect of various treatment regimens. However, through the development of new therapeutic strategies, TAMs can potentially be shifted towards a proinflammatory state which is of great therapeutic interest. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of TAMs in the context of glioma. The focus will be on the basic biology of TAMs in the central nervous system (CNS), potential biomarkers, critical evaluation of model systems for studying TAMs and finally, special attention will be given to the potential targeted therapeutic options that involve the TAM compartment in gliomas.
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Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Cellular Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041092. [PMID: 35205842 PMCID: PMC8870579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper summarizes the crosstalk between tumor/non-tumor cells and other elements of the glioblastoma (GB) microenvironment. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and GB is considered the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be a key factor for the ineffective treatment since the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the TME and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy. Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) represents a complex network of different cells, such as neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and glioblastoma (GB) is considered the most lethal tumor in this region. The development of GB leads to the infiltration of healthy tissue through the interaction between all the elements of the brain network. This results in a GB microenvironment, a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be the principal factor for the ineffective treatment due to the fact that the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. Crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment finally inhibits the beneficial action of molecular pathways, favoring the development and invasion of the tumor and its increasing resistance to treatment. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy.
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31
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McCutcheon S, Spray DC. Glioblastoma-Astrocyte Connexin 43 Gap Junctions Promote Tumor Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:319-331. [PMID: 34654721 PMCID: PMC8816813 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), classified as World Health Organization grade IV astrocytoma, is the deadliest adult cancer of the central nervous system. An important contributing factor to poor survival rates in GBM is extensive invasion, which decreases the efficacy of resection and subsequent adjuvant therapies. These treatments could be markedly improved with increased resolution of the genetic and molecular initiators and effectors of invasion. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the principal astrocytic gap junction (GJ) protein. Despite the heterogeneity of GBM, a subpopulation of cells in almost all GBM tumors express Cx43. Functional GJs between GBM cells and astrocytes at the tumor edge are of critical interest for understanding invasion. In this study, we find that both in vitro and in ex vivo slice cultures, GBM is substantially less invasive when placed in a Cx43-deficient astrocyte environment. Furthermore, when Cx43 is deleted in GBM, the invasive phenotype is recovered. These data strongly suggest that there are opposing roles for Cx43 in GBM migration. We find that Cx43 is localized to the tumor edge in our ex vivo model, suggesting that GBM-astrocyte GJ communication at the tumor border is a driving force for invasion. Finally, we find that by a Cx43-dependent mechanism, but likely not direct channel-mediated diffusion, miRNAs associated with cell-matrix adhesion are transferred from GBM to astrocytes and miR-19b promotes invasion, revealing a role for post-transcriptional manipulation of astrocytes in fostering an invasion-permissive peritumoral niche. IMPLICATIONS: Cx43-mediated communication, specifically miRNA transfer, profoundly impacts glioblastoma invasion and may enable further therapeutic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCutcheon
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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32
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Glioma invasion along white matter tracts: A dilemma for neurosurgeons. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:103-111. [PMID: 34808285 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Invasive growth along white matter (WM) tracts is one of the most prominent clinicopathological features of glioma and is also an important reason for surgical treatment failure in glioma patients. A full understanding of relevant clinical features and mechanisms is of great significance for finding new therapeutic targets and developing new treatment regimens and strategies. Herein, we review the imaging and histological characteristics of glioma patients with WM tracts invasion and summarize the possible molecular mechanism. On this basis, we further discuss the correlation between glioma molecular typing, radiotherapy and tumor treating fields (TTFields) and the invasion of glioma along WM tracts.
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33
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Designing Patient-Driven, Tissue-Engineered Models of Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020044. [PMID: 35200398 PMCID: PMC8869490 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising survival rate for early-stage breast cancer in the United States has created an expanding population of women in remission at risk for distant recurrence, with metastatic spread to the brain demonstrating an especially poor prognosis. The current standard of care for breast cancer brain metastases is not well defined or differentiated from the treatment of brain metastases from other primary sites. Here, we present tissue-engineered models of the primary and brain metastatic breast cancer microenvironments informed by analysis of patient tumor resections. We find that metastatic resections demonstrate distinct cellular and matrix components compared with primary resections or non-cancerous controls. Using our model systems, we find that the observed deposition of collagen I after metastasis to the brain may enhance breast cancer invasion. Future optimization of these models will present a novel platform to examine tumor-stroma interactions and screen therapeutics for the management of metastatic breast cancer.
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Interaction of Glia Cells with Glioblastoma and Melanoma Cells under the Influence of Phytocannabinoids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010147. [PMID: 35011711 PMCID: PMC8750637 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor heterogeneity and progression are subject to complex interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Glioblastoma and brain metastasis can contain 30–40% of tumor-associated macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, affecting migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we analyzed interactions between glial cells and LN229 glioblastoma or A375 melanoma cells in the context of motility and cell–cell interactions in a 3D model. Furthermore, the effects of phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC), or their co-application were analyzed. Co-culture of tumor cells with glial cells had little effect on 3D spheroid formation, while treatment with cannabinoids led to significantly larger spheroids. The addition of astrocytes blocked cannabinoid-induced effects. None of the interventions affected cell death. Furthermore, glial cell-conditioned media led to a significant slowdown in collective, but not single-cell migration speed. Taken together, glial cells in glioblastoma and brain metastasis micromilieu impact the tumor spheroid formation, cell spreading, and motility. Since the size of spheroid remained unaffected in glial cell tumor co-cultures, phytocannabinoids increased the size of spheroids without any effects on migration. This aspect might be of relevance since phytocannabinoids are frequently used in tumor therapy for side effects.
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The Autophagic Route of E-Cadherin and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246328. [PMID: 34944948 PMCID: PMC8699259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A hallmark of carcinoma progression is the loss of epithelial integrity. In this context, the deregulation of adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin, affects epithelial structures and associates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This, in turn, fosters cancer progression. Autophagy endows cancer cells with the ability to overcome intracellular and environmental stress stimuli, such as anoikis, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and drugs. Furthermore, it plays an important role in the degradation of cell adhesion proteins and in EMT. This review focuses on the interplay between the turnover of adhesion molecules, primarily E-cadherin, and autophagy in cancer progression. Abstract Cell-to-cell adhesion is a key element in epithelial tissue integrity and homeostasis during embryogenesis, response to damage, and differentiation. Loss of cell adhesion and gain of mesenchymal features, a phenomenon known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are essential steps in cancer progression. Interestingly, downregulation or degradation by endocytosis of epithelial adhesion molecules (e.g., E-cadherin) associates with EMT and promotes cell migration. Autophagy is a physiological intracellular degradation and recycling process. In cancer, it is thought to exert a tumor suppressive role in the early phases of cell transformation but, once cells have gained a fully transformed phenotype, autophagy may fuel malignant progression by promoting EMT and conferring drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between autophagy, EMT, and turnover of epithelial cell adhesion molecules, with particular attention to E-cadherin.
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Tittarelli A. Connexin channels modulation in pathophysiology and treatment of immune and inflammatory disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166258. [PMID: 34450245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Connexin-mediated intercellular communication mechanisms include bidirectional cell-to-cell coupling by gap junctions and release/influx of molecules by hemichannels. These intercellular communications have relevant roles in numerous immune system activities. Here, we review the current knowledge about the function of connexin channels, mainly those formed by connexin-43, on immunity and inflammation. Focusing on those evidence that support the design and development of therapeutic tools to modulate connexin expression and/or channel activities with treatment potential for infections, wounds, cancer, and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile.
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Andersen BM, Faust Akl C, Wheeler MA, Chiocca EA, Reardon DA, Quintana FJ. Glial and myeloid heterogeneity in the brain tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:786-802. [PMID: 34584243 PMCID: PMC8616823 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancers carry bleak prognoses, with therapeutic advances helping only a minority of patients over the past decade. The brain tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive and differs from that of other malignancies as a result of the glial, neural and immune cell populations that constitute it. Until recently, the study of the brain TME was limited by the lack of methods to de-convolute this complex system at the single-cell level. However, novel technical approaches have begun to reveal the immunosuppressive and tumour-promoting properties of distinct glial and myeloid cell populations in the TME, identifying new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we discuss the immune modulatory functions of microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and astrocytes in brain metastases and glioma, highlighting their disease-associated heterogeneity and drawing from the insights gained by studying these malignancies and other neurological disorders. Lastly, we consider potential approaches for the therapeutic modulation of the brain TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Andersen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Sato A, Rahman NIA, Shimizu A, Ogita H. Cell-to-cell contact-mediated regulation of tumor behavior in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4005-4012. [PMID: 34420253 PMCID: PMC8486192 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and progression are complex processes mediated by mutual interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding stroma that include diverse cell types and acellular components, which form the tumor microenvironment. In this environment, direct intercellular communications play important roles in the regulation of the biological behaviors of tumors. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently defined. We used an in vitro coculture system to identify genes that were specifically expressed at higher levels in cancer cells associated with stromal cells. Major examples included epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) and stomatin, which positively and negatively regulate tumor progression, respectively. EMP1 promotes tumor cell migration and metastasis via activation of the small GTPase Rac1, while stomatin strongly suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of cancer cells via inhibition of Akt signaling. Here we highlight important aspects of EMP1, stomatin, and their family members in cancer biology. Furthermore, we consider the molecules that participate in intercellular communications and signaling transduction between cancer cells and stromal cells, which may affect the phenotypes of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Nor Idayu A. Rahman
- Division of Molecular Medical BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
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Maggio I, Franceschi E, Gatto L, Tosoni A, Di Nunno V, Tonon C, Brandes AA. Radiomics, mirnomics, and radiomirRNomics in glioblastoma: defining tumor biology from shadow to light. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1265-1272. [PMID: 34433354 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1971518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Genetic characterization of this tumor has identified alterations with prognostic and therapeutic impact, and many efforts are being made to improve molecular knowledge on glioblastoma. Invasive procedures, such as tumor biopsy or radical resection, are needed to characterize the tumor. AREAS COVERED The role of microRNA in cancer is an expanding field of research as many microRNAs have been shown to correlate with patient prognosis and treatment response. Novel methodologies like radiomics, radiogenomics, and radiomiRNomics are under evaluation to improve the amount of prognostic and predictive biomarkers available. EXPERT OPINION The role of radiomics, radiogenomics, and radiomiRNomic for the characterization of glioblastoma will further improve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maggio
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lidia Gatto
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Tonon
- Ircss Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
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The advanced development of Cx43 and GAP-43 mediated intercellular networking in IDH1 wildtype diffuse and anaplastic gliomas with lower mitotic rate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3003-3009. [PMID: 34173871 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The biologic behavior and the therapeutic resistance of diffuse and anaplastic gliomas varies greatly. This may be explained by differences in cell-to-cell communication, determined by the Cx43-associated junctional activity and the microtubules-defined network, in which GAP-43 is the dominant structural component. We assessed the expression of these crucial communication proteins in samples of patients harboring WHO°II and III gliomas, graded according to the current 4th revised WHO classification. METHODS Tissue of adult patients with WHO°II and III gliomas, who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2018, were selected from our institutional biobank. GAP-43 and Cx43 expression was analyzed using IHC. Routine clinical and neuropathological findings were additionally retrieved from our institutional prospective database. RESULTS 43 (57%) males and 33 (43%) females with a median age of 47 (IqR: 35-61) years were selected. IDH1 wildtype tumors showed a significantly higher expression of Cx43 (p = 0.014) and a tendency for increased GAP-43 production. Advanced Cx43 expression significantly correlated with lower mitosis rate (p = 0.014): more in IDH1 wildtype (r = - 0.57, p = 0.003) than in mutated gliomas (r = - 0.37, p = 0.019). There was no difference in Cx43 or GAP-43 expression in relation to anaplastic phenotype, Gadolinum-contrasted enhancement (CE) on MRI and advanced EGFR or p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS Intercellular communication tends to be more relevant in slower proliferating, e.g. lower malignant tumors. They could have more time to establish this network, providing longitudinally acquired resistance against specific oncological therapy. This feature matches the unfavorable IDH1 wildtype status of glioma and supports the noted malignant behavior of these tumors in the upcoming 5th WHO classification of gliomas.
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Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Talaverón R, García-Vicente L, Pelaz SG, Domínguez-Prieto M, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Flores-Hernández R, Sin WC, Bechberger J, Medina JM, Naus CC, Tabernero A. Connexin43 peptide, TAT-Cx43266-283, selectively targets glioma cells, impairs malignant growth, and enhances survival in mouse models in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:493-504. [PMID: 31883012 PMCID: PMC7158688 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors and remain among the most incurable cancers. Although the role of the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), has been deeply investigated in malignant gliomas, no compounds have been reported with the ability to recapitulate the tumor suppressor properties of this protein in in vivo glioma models. Methods TAT-Cx43266–283 a cell-penetrating peptide which mimics the effect of Cx43 on c-Src inhibition, was studied in orthotopic immunocompetent and immunosuppressed models of glioma. The effects of this peptide in brain cells were also analyzed. Results While glioma stem cell malignant features were strongly affected by TAT-Cx43266–283, these properties were not significantly modified in neurons and astrocytes. Intraperitoneally administered TAT-Cx43266–283 decreased the invasion of intracranial tumors generated by GL261 mouse glioma cells in immunocompetent mice. When human glioma stem cells were intracranially injected with TAT-Cx43266–283 into immunodeficient mice, there was reduced expression of the stemness markers nestin and Sox2 in human glioma cells at 7 days post-implantation. Consistent with the role of Sox2 as a transcription factor required for tumorigenicity, TAT-Cx43266–283 reduced the number and stemness of human glioma cells at 30 days post-implantation. Furthermore, TAT-Cx43266–283 enhanced the survival of immunocompetent mice bearing gliomas derived from murine glioma stem cells. Conclusion TAT-Cx43266–283 reduces the growth, invasion, and progression of malignant gliomas and enhances the survival of glioma-bearing mice without exerting toxicity in endogenous brain cells, which suggests that this peptide could be considered as a new clinical therapy for high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara G Pelaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Wun Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Bechberger
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - José M Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Sun H, Su X, Li S, Mu D, Qu Y. Roles of glia-derived extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: an update. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:833-849. [PMID: 33792214 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by various cells in the extracellular space. Accumulating evidence shows that EVs regulate cell-to-cell communication and signaling in the pathological processes of various diseases by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Glia-derived EVs act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. They may be vectors for the spread of diseases or act as effective clearance systems to protect tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies on glia-derived EVs with a focus on their relationships with CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
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Hypoxia-Induced Reactivity of Tumor-Associated Astrocytes Affects Glioma Cell Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030613. [PMID: 33802060 PMCID: PMC7999295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive necrotic areas with surrounding hypoxia. The cancer cell response to hypoxia in these areas is well-described; it involves a metabolic shift and an increase in stem cell-like characteristics. Less is known about the hypoxic response of tumor-associated astrocytes, a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Here, we used primary human astrocytes and a genetically engineered glioma mouse model to investigate the response of this stromal cell type to hypoxia. We found that astrocytes became reactive in response to intermediate and severe hypoxia, similarly to irradiated and temozolomide-treated astrocytes. Hypoxic astrocytes displayed a potent hypoxia response that appeared to be driven primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This response involved the activation of classical HIF target genes and the increased production of hypoxia-associated cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-3, angiogenin, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha. In vivo, astrocytes were present in proximity to perinecrotic areas surrounding HIF-2α expressing cells, suggesting that hypoxic astrocytes contribute to the glioma microenvironment. Extracellular matrix derived from hypoxic astrocytes increased the proliferation and drug efflux capability of glioma cells. Together, our findings suggest that hypoxic astrocytes are implicated in tumor growth and potentially stemness maintenance by remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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Cx43 phosphorylation sites regulate pancreatic cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:1909-1920. [PMID: 33603164 PMCID: PMC8191514 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is aggressive, highly metastatic and characterized by a robust desmoplasia. Connexin proteins that form gap junctions have been implicated in tumor suppression for over 30 years. Cx43, the most widely expressed connexin, regulates cell behaviors, including migration and proliferation. Thus, we hypothesized that Cx43 could regulate PDA progression. Phosphorylation of Cx43 by Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) regulates gap junction assembly. We interbred the well-established KrasLSL-G12D/+;p48Cre/+ (KC) mouse model of PDA with homozygous "knock-in" mutant Cx43 mice bearing amino acid substitution at CK1 sites (Cx43CK1A) and found profound and surprising effects on cancer progression. Crossing the Cx43CK1A mouse onto the KC background (termed KC;CxCK1A) led to significant extension of lifespan, from a median of 370 to 486 days (p = 0.03) and a decreased incidence of metastasis (p = 0.045). However, when we examined early stages of disease, we found more rapid onset of tissue remodeling in the KC;CxCK1A mouse followed by divergence to a cystic phenotype. During tumorigenesis, gap junctions are increasingly present in stromal cells of the KC mice but are absent from the KC;Cx43CK1A mice. Tail vein metastasis assays with cells derived from KC or KC;CxCK1A tumors showed that KC;CxCK1A cells could efficiently colonize the lung and downregulate Cx43 expression, arguing that inhibition of metastasis was not occurring at the distal site. Instead, stromal gap junctions, their associated signaling events or other unknown Cx43-dependent events facilitate metastatic capacity in the primary tumor.
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Harnessing the therapeutic potential of antibodies targeting connexin hemichannels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166047. [PMID: 33418036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connexin hemichannels have been implicated in pathology-promoting conditions, including inflammation, numerous widespread human diseases, including cancer and diabetes, and several rare diseases linked to pathological point mutations. METHODS We analysed the literature focusing on antibodies capable of modulating hemichannel function, highlighting generation methods, applications to basic biomedical research and translational potential. RESULTS Anti-hemichannel antibodies generated over the past 3 decades targeted mostly connexin 43, with a focus on cancer treatment. A slow transition from relatively unselective polyclonal antibodies to more selective monoclonal antibodies resulted in few products with interesting characteristics that are under evaluation for clinical trials. Selection of antibodies from combinatorial phage-display libraries, has permitted to engineer a monoclonal antibody that binds to and blocks pathological hemichannels formed by connexin 26, 30 and 32. CONCLUSIONS All known antibodies that modulate connexin hemichannels target the two small extracellular loops of the connexin proteins. The extracellular region of different connexins is highly conserved, and few residues of each connexins are exposed. The search for new antibodies may develop an unprecedented potential for therapeutic applications, as it may benefit tremendously from novel whole-cell screening platforms that permit in situ selection of antibodies against membrane proteins in native state. The demonstrated efficacy of mAbs in reaching and modulating hemichannels in vivo, together with their relative specificity for connexins overlapping epitopes, should hopefully stimulate an interest for widening the scope of anti-hemichannel antibodies. There is no shortage of currently incurable diseases for which therapeutic intervention may benefit from anti-hemichannel antibodies capable of modulating hemichannel function selectively and specifically.
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Mesnil M, Defamie N, Naus C, Sarrouilhe D. Brain Disorders and Chemical Pollutants: A Gap Junction Link? Biomolecules 2020; 11:51. [PMID: 33396565 PMCID: PMC7824109 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain pathologies has increased during last decades. Better diagnosis (autism spectrum disorders) and longer life expectancy (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) partly explain this increase, while emerging data suggest pollutant exposures as a possible but still underestimated cause of major brain disorders. Taking into account that the brain parenchyma is rich in gap junctions and that most pollutants inhibit their function; brain disorders might be the consequence of gap-junctional alterations due to long-term exposures to pollutants. In this article, this hypothesis is addressed through three complementary aspects: (1) the gap-junctional organization and connexin expression in brain parenchyma and their function; (2) the effect of major pollutants (pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, heavy metals, airborne particles, etc.) on gap-junctional and connexin functions; (3) a description of the major brain disorders categorized as neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, epilepsy), neurobehavioral (migraines, major depressive disorders), neurodegenerative (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and cancers (glioma), in which both connexin dysfunction and pollutant involvement have been described. Based on these different aspects, the possible involvement of pollutant-inhibited gap junctions in brain disorders is discussed for prenatal and postnatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mesnil
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Christian Naus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
| | - Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 6 rue de La Milétrie, bât D1, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers, France
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Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Reizes O, Lathia JD. Connexins in Cancer: Jekyll or Hyde? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1654. [PMID: 33321749 PMCID: PMC7764653 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression, localization, and function of connexins, the protein subunits that comprise gap junctions, are often altered in cancer. In addition to cell-cell coupling through gap junction channels, connexins also form hemichannels that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space and perform non-junctional intracellular activities. Historically, connexins have been considered tumor suppressors; however, they can also serve tumor-promoting functions in some contexts. Here, we review the literature surrounding connexins in cancer cells in terms of specific connexin functions and propose that connexins function upstream of most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer. The development of advanced connexin targeting approaches remains an opportunity for the field to further interrogate the role of connexins in cancer phenotypes, particularly through the use of in vivo models. More specific modulators of connexin function will both help elucidate the functions of connexins in cancer and advance connexin-specific therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Connexins-Therapeutic Targets in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239119. [PMID: 33266154 PMCID: PMC7730856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are members of a protein family that forms intercellular channels localised in gap junction (GJ) plaques and single transmembrane channels called hemichannels. They participate in intercellular communication or communication between the intracellular and extracellular environments. Connexins affect cell homeostasis, growth and differentiation by enabling the exchange of metabolites or by interfering with various signalling pathways. Alterations in the functionality and the expression of connexins have been linked to the occurrence of many diseases. Connexins have been already linked to cancers, cardiac and brain disorders, chronic lung and kidney conditions and wound healing processes. Connexins have been shown either to suppress cancer tumour growth or to increase tumorigenicity by promoting cancer cell growth, migration and invasiveness. A better understanding of the complexity of cancer biology related to connexins and intercellular communication could result in the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The modulation of connexin expression may be an effective therapeutic approach in some types of cancers. Therefore, one important challenge is the search for mechanisms and new drugs, selectively modulating the expression of various connexin isoforms. We performed a systematic literature search up to February 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were as follows: connexins, hemichannels, cancer and cancer treatment. This review aims to provide information about the role of connexins and gap junctions in cancer, as well as to discuss possible therapeutic options that are currently being studied.
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Nieland L, Morsett LM, Broekman MLD, Breakefield XO, Abels ER. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bilateral Communication between Glioblastoma and Astrocytes. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:215-226. [PMID: 33234347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain cancer, comprises a complex mixture of tumor cells and nonmalignant stromal cells, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cell types. All nonmalignant cells within and surrounding the tumor are affected by the presence of glioblastoma. Astrocytes use multiple modes of communication to interact with neighboring cells. Extracellular vesicle-directed intercellular communication has been found to be an important component of signaling between astrocytes and glioblastoma in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on recent findings on extracellular vesicle-mediated bilateral crosstalk, between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, highlighting the protumor and antitumor roles of astrocytes in glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Liza M Morsett
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Erik R Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Poole AT, Sitko CA, Le C, Naus CC, Hill BM, Bushnell EAC, Chen VC. Examination of sulfonamide-based inhibitors of MMP3 using the conditioned media of invasive glioma cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:672-681. [PMID: 32156166 PMCID: PMC7144313 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1715387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest and the most common primary malignant brain tumour. The median survival for patients with GBM is around one year due to the nature of glioma cells to diffusely invade that make the complete surgical resection of tumours difficult. Based upon the connexin43 (Cx43) model of glioma migration we have developed a computational framework to evaluate MMP inhibition in materials relevant to GBM. Using the ilomastat Leu-Trp backbone, we have synthesised novel sulphonamides and monitored the performance of these compounds in conditioned media expressing MMP3. From the results discussed herein we demonstrate the performance of sulfonamide based MMPIs included AP-3, AP-6, and AP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha T Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
| | | | - Caitlin Le
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Science Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bryan M Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
| | | | - Vincent C Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
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