1
|
Wang J, Xiu J, Battaglin F, Arai H, Soni S, Zhang W, Goldberg RM, Philip PA, Seeber A, Hwang JJ, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Astaturov I, Liu T, Lockhart AC, Korn WM, Shen L, Lenz HJ. Large-scale analysis of CDH1 mutations defines a distinctive molecular subset with treatment implications in gastric cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:214. [PMID: 39349771 PMCID: PMC11442451 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Although histological and molecular classifications have been extensively studied for gastric cancer (GC), targeted therapies for GC remain limited. CDH1 mutations (MT) are characteristic of genomically stable GC and are associated with poor prognosis, but lack effective or targeted therapies. Here, we showed the overall mutation frequency of CDH1 was 9.7% (155 of 1596). CDH1-MT GC showed significantly lower rates of PD-L1 positivity (CPS score ≥1) than CDH1-wildtype (WT) GC (56.7% vs. 73.3%, p < 0.05). Compared to CDH1-WT GC, mutations of ARID1A, WRN, POT1, CDK12, and FANCC were significantly higher, while TP53 and APC were significantly lower in CDH1-MT GC (p < 0.05); The rates of KRAS and HER2 amplifications were significantly lower, while CRKL and IGF1R amplifications were significantly higher in CDH1-MT GC, compared to CDH1-WT GC (p < 0.05). Frequently altered genes in CDH1-MT GC were especially enriched in DNA damage repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways. Inhibition of E-cadherin sensitized GC cell lines to PARP and Wee1 inhibitors by disrupting DNA damage repair pathway and cell cycle checkpoint. This is the largest study to investigate the distinct genomic landscape of CDH1-MT GC. Our data indicated GC patients with CDH1 mutations could potentially benefit from agents targeting PARP and Wee1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | | | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Lin Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T. Mutual regulation of TGFβ-induced oncogenic EMT, cell cycle progression and the DDR. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:86-103. [PMID: 38029866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling and the DNA damage response (DDR) are two cellular toolboxes with a strong impact on cancer biology. While TGFβ as a pleiotropic cytokine affects essentially all hallmarks of cancer, the multifunctional DDR mostly orchestrates cell cycle progression, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and cell death. One oncogenic effect of TGFβ is the partial activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), conferring invasiveness, cellular plasticity and resistance to various noxae. Several reports show that both individual networks as well as their interface affect chemo-/radiotherapies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly resolved. EMT often correlates with TGFβ-induced slowing of proliferation, yet numerous studies demonstrate that particularly the co-activated EMT transcription factors counteract anti-proliferative signaling in a partially non-redundant manner. Collectively, evidence piled up over decades underscore a multifaceted, reciprocal inter-connection of TGFβ signaling / EMT with the DDR / cell cycle progression, which we will discuss here. Altogether, we conclude that full cell cycle arrest is barely compatible with the propagation of oncogenic EMT traits and further propose that 'EMT-linked DDR plasticity' is a crucial, yet intricate facet of malignancy, decisively affecting metastasis formation and therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bariani MV, Cui YH, Ali M, Bai T, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Walker CL, He YY, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. TGFβ signaling links early life endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure to suppression of nucleotide excision repair in rat myometrial stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:288. [PMID: 37689587 PMCID: PMC10492698 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women. UFs, non-cancerous tumors, are thought to originate from abnormal myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). Defective DNA repair capacity may contribute to the emergence of mutations that promote tumor growth. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ1 is associated with UF progression and DNA damage repair pathways. To investigate the impact of EDC exposure on TGFβ1 and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, we isolated MMSCs from 5-month-old Eker rats exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES), an EDC, or to vehicle (VEH). EDC-MMSCs exhibited overactivated TGFβ1 signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of NER pathway components compared to VEH-MMSCs. EDC-MMSCs also demonstrated impaired NER capacity. Exposing VEH-MMSCs to TGFβ1 decreased NER capacity while inhibiting TGFβ signaling in EDC-MMSCs restored it. RNA-seq analysis and further validation revealed decreased expression of Uvrag, a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage recognition, in VEH-MMSCs treated with TGFβ1, but increased expression in EDC-MMSCs after TGFβ signaling inhibition. Overall, we demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased genetic instability, arise of mutations, and fibroid tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased fibroid incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision and Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bariani MV, Cui YH, Ali M, Bai T, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Walker CL, He YY, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. TGFβ signaling links early-life endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure to suppression of nucleotide excision repair in rat myometrial stem cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3001855. [PMID: 37333266 PMCID: PMC10274956 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3001855/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is linked to the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women. UFs, non-cancerous tumors, are thought to originate from abnormal myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). Defective DNA repair capacity may contribute to the emergence of mutations that promote tumor growth. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ1 is associated with UF progression and DNA damage repair pathways. To investigate the impact of EDC exposure on TGFβ1 and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways, we isolated MMSCs from 5-months old Eker rats exposed neonatally to Diethylstilbestrol (DES), an EDC, or to vehicle (VEH). EDC-MMSCs exhibited overactivated TGFβ1 signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of NER pathway components compared to VEH-MMSCs. EDC-MMSCs also demonstrated impaired NER capacity. Exposing VEH-MMSCs to TGFβ1 decreased NER capacity while inhibiting TGFβ signaling in EDC-MMSCs restored it. RNA-seq analysis and further validation revealed decreased expression of Uvrag, a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage recognition, in VEH-MMSCs treated with TGFβ1, but increased expression in EDC-MMSCs after TGFβ signaling inhibition. Overall, we demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early-life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased genetic instability, arise of mutations, and fibroid tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that the overactivation of the TGFβ pathway links early-life exposure to EDCs with impaired NER capacity, which would lead to increased fibroid incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Ali
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Tao Bai
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Ying He
- University of Chicago Department of Medicine
| | - Qiwei Yang
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barcellos-Hoff MH, Gulley JL. Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of TGFβ in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2025-2033. [PMID: 36598437 PMCID: PMC10238558 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of agents that inhibit TGFβ being tested in patients with cancer has grown substantially, clinical benefit from TGFβ inhibition has not yet been achieved. The myriad mechanisms in which TGFβ is protumorigenic may be a key obstacle to its effective deployment; cancer cells frequently employ TGFβ-regulated programs that engender plasticity, enable a permissive tumor microenvironment, and profoundly suppress immune recognition, which is the target of most current early-phase trials of TGFβ inhibitors. Here we discuss the implications of a less well-recognized aspect of TGFβ biology regulating DNA repair that mediates responses to radiation and chemotherapy. In cancers that are TGFβ signaling competent, TGFβ promotes effective DNA repair and suppresses error-prone repair, thus conferring resistance to genotoxic therapies and limiting tumor control. Cancers in which TGFβ signaling is intrinsically compromised are more responsive to standard genotoxic therapy. Recognition that TGFβ is a key moderator of both DNA repair and immunosuppression might be used to synergize combinations of genotoxic therapy and immunotherapy to benefit patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James L. Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicolì V, Coppedè F. Epigenetics of Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:360. [PMID: 36672310 PMCID: PMC9856807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) arise from the epithelial cells of the thymus and consist in the 1% of all adult malignancies, despite the fact that they are the most common lesions of the anterior mediastinum. TETs can be divided mainly into thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and the rarest ad aggressive neuroendocrine forms. Despite the surgical resection is quite resolving, the diagnosis of TETs is complicated by the absence of symptoms and the clinical presentation aggravated by several paraneoplastic disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Thus, the heterogeneity of TETs prompts the search for molecular biomarkers that could be helpful for tumor characterization and clinical outcomes prediction. With these aims, several researchers investigated the epigenetic profiles of TETs. In this manuscript, we narratively review the works investigating the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in TETs, highlighting the need for further studies combining genetic, epigenetic, and expression data to better characterize the different molecular subtypes and identify, for each of them, the most relevant epigenetic biomarkers of clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center of Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
8
|
E2F4 transcription factor is a prognostic biomarker related to immune infiltration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12132. [PMID: 35840663 PMCID: PMC9287548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the transcription factor, E2F4, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to preliminarily explore the signaling pathways and immunological role of E2F4. The mRNA expression of E2F4 in HNSCC was evaluated by searching Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. E2F4 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the CMU1h-ENT database. The association between E2F4 expression and tumor infiltration of immune cells was analyzed. Intracellular signaling by E2F4 was explored using KEGG and GO analysis. The correlation of E2F4 expression with clinical characteristics and its prognostic role were validated and analyzed in TCGA database. From the analysis of GEO and TCGA data, E2F4 expression was found to be up-regulated in HNSCC tumor tissues, and its level was associated with T, Grade, and M staging. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox analyses indicated that the high expression of E2F4 was related to a poor prognosis. Thus, E2F4 was considered a potential prognostic factor for HNSCC. Immunohistochemical staining showed that E2F4 was mainly localized in the cell nucleus; it was highly expressed in HNSCC tissues, with a significant difference noted from that in pericancerous mucosa tissues. A correlation was observed between the differential expression of E2F4 and the immune infiltration of HNSCC. As revealed by KEGG and GO analysis, differential enrichment was found in the cell cycle, spliceosome, meiosis, microbial polysaccharide synthesis, and WNT signaling pathway, as well as in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ERBB2, VEGF, GCNP and MYC pathways. E2F4 plays an important role in tumor progression and may be a critical biological prognostic factor for HNSCC. In addition, it functions in the nucleus as a transcription factor, regulates immune cells, and could be a promising molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng X, Tang M, Dede M, Su D, Pei G, Jiang D, Wang C, Chen Z, Li M, Nie L, Xiong Y, Li S, Park JM, Zhang H, Huang M, Szymonowicz K, Zhao Z, Hart T, Chen J. Genome-wide CRISPR screens using isogenic cells reveal vulnerabilities conferred by loss of tumor suppressors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6638. [PMID: 35559673 PMCID: PMC9106303 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting cancer vulnerabilities is critical for the discovery of anticancer drugs. However, tumor suppressors cannot be directly targeted because of their loss of function. To uncover specific vulnerabilities for cells with deficiency in any given tumor suppressor(s), we performed genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screens using a panel of isogenic knockout cells we generated for 12 common tumor suppressors. Here, we provide a comprehensive and comparative dataset for genetic interactions between the whole-genome protein-coding genes and a panel of tumor suppressor genes, which allows us to uncover known and new high-confidence synthetic lethal interactions. Mining this dataset, we uncover essential paralog gene pairs, which could be a common mechanism for interpreting synthetic lethality. Moreover, we propose that some tumor suppressors could be targeted to suppress proliferation of cells with deficiency in other tumor suppressors. This dataset provides valuable information that can be further exploited for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Merve Dede
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeong-Min Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu C, Zhuo Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Itraconazole Inhibits the Growth of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HMGCS1/ACSL4 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828983. [PMID: 35242038 PMCID: PMC8886144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cutaneous cancer with increasing incidence. Itraconazole has been identified as a potential anticancer drug candidate. However, the role of itraconazole in cSCC was still unclear. Our objective is exploring the therapeutic potential of itraconazole in cSCC and investigate its molecular mechanism. Methods: The anti-proliferation effect of itraconazole was tested with CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected using flow cytometry and TUNEL assay, respectively. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to explore the underlying anti-cancer mechanism. Luciferase reporter assay was used for promoter activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation were examined. The in vivo efficacy of itraconazole was assessed in a xenograft model. Results: Itraconazole inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle of cSCC cells. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were significantly upregulated in A431 cells treated with itraconazole. HMGCS1 silencing reversed the antiproliferative activity of itraconazole in A431 cells. Dual-luciferase assay showed that itraconazole could promote HMGCS1 transcription. HMGCS1 silencing abated the expression of ACSL4 in A431 cells. The level of ROS, lipid peroxidation, as well as iron accumulation were increased by itraconazole. Moreover, treatment with itraconazole impeded tumor growth in A431-bearing mice. Conclusion: We proved itraconazole inhibits the growth of cSCC by regulating HMGCS1/ACSL4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients: A Balancing Act between Stemness, EMT Features and DNA Damage Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040997. [PMID: 35205744 PMCID: PMC8869884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) traverse vessels to travel from the primary tumor to distant organs where they adhere, transmigrate, and seed metastases. To cope with these challenges, CTCs have reached maximal flexibility to change their differentiation status, morphology, migratory capacity, and their responses to genotoxic stress caused by metabolic changes, hormones, the inflammatory environment, or cytostatic treatment. A significant percentage of breast cancer cells are defective in homologous recombination repair and other mechanisms that protect the integrity of the replication fork. To prevent cell death caused by broken forks, alternative, mutagenic repair, and bypass pathways are engaged but these increase genomic instability. CTCs, arising from such breast tumors, are endowed with an even larger toolbox of escape mechanisms that can be switched on and off at different stages during their journey according to the stress stimulus. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage responses, DNA repair, and replication are integral parts of a regulatory network orchestrating the plasticity of stemness features and transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states in CTCs. This review summarizes the published information on these regulatory circuits of relevance for the design of biomarkers reflecting CTC functions in real-time to monitor therapeutic responses and detect evolving chemoresistance mechanisms.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moon EJ, Petersson K, Oleina MM. The importance of hypoxia in radiotherapy for the immune response, metastatic potential and FLASH-RT. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:439-451. [PMID: 34726575 PMCID: PMC7612434 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1988178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a common feature of solid tumors that has been intensely studied for more than six decades. Here we review the importance of hypoxia to radiotherapy with a particular focus on the contribution of hypoxia to immune responses, metastatic potential and FLASH radiotherapy, active areas of research by leading women in the field. CONCLUSION Although hypoxia-driven metastasis and immunosuppression can negatively impact clinical outcome, understanding these processes can also provide tumor-specific vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically exploited. The different oxygen tensions present in tumors and normal tissues may underpin the beneficial FLASH sparing effect seen in normal tissue and represents a perfect example of advances in the field that can leverage tumor hypoxia to improve future radiotherapy treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jung Moon
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
| | - Monica M. Oleina
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yue Z, Lei M, Paus R, Chuong CM. The global regulatory logic of organ regeneration: circuitry lessons from skin and its appendages. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2573-2583. [PMID: 34145718 PMCID: PMC10874616 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In organ regeneration, the regulatory logic at a systems level remains largely unclear. For example, what defines the quantitative threshold to initiate regeneration, and when does the regeneration process come to an end? What leads to the qualitatively different responses of regeneration, which restore the original structure, or to repair which only heals a wound? Here we discuss three examples in skin regeneration: epidermal recovery after radiation damage, hair follicle fate choice after chemotherapy damage, and wound-induced feather regeneration. We propose that the molecular regulatory circuitry is of paramount significance in organ regeneration. It is conceivable that defects in these controlling pathways may lead to failed regeneration and/or organ renewal, and understanding the underlying logic could help to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiCao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Carson International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
E-cadherin is the main component of epithelial adherens junctions (AJs), which play a crucial role in the maintenance of stable cell-cell adhesion and overall tissue integrity. Down-regulation of E-cadherin expression has been found in many carcinomas, and loss of E-cadherin is generally associated with poor prognosis in patients. During the last decade, however, numerous studies have shown that E-cadherin is essential for several aspects of cancer cell biology that contribute to cancer progression, most importantly, active cell migration. In this review, we summarize the available data about the input of E-cadherin in cancer progression, focusing on the latest advances in the research of the various roles E-cadherin-based AJs play in cancer cell dissemination. The review also touches upon the "cadherin switching" in cancer cells where N- or P-cadherin replace or are co-expressed with E-cadherin and its influence on the migratory properties of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Rubtsova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y Zhitnyak
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Gloushankova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
METTL14 facilitates global genome repair and suppresses skin tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025948118. [PMID: 34452996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025948118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global genome repair (GGR), a subpathway of nucleotide excision repair, corrects bulky helix-distorting DNA lesions across the whole genome and is essential for preventing mutagenesis and skin cancer. Here, we show that METTL14 (methyltransferase-like 14), a critical component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase complex, promotes GGR through regulating m6A mRNA methylation-mediated DDB2 translation and suppresses ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin tumorigenesis. UVB irradiation down-regulates METTL14 protein through NBR1-dependent selective autophagy. METTL14 knockdown decreases GGR and DDB2 abundance. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type METTL14 but not its enzymatically inactive mutant increases GGR and DDB2 abundance. METTL14 knockdown decreases m6A methylation and translation of the DDB2 transcripts. Adding DDB2 reverses the GGR repair defect in METTL14 knockdown cells, indicating that METTL14 facilitates GGR through regulating DDB2 m6A methylation and translation. Similarly, knockdown of YTHDF1, an m6A reader promoting translation of m6A-modified transcripts, decreases DDB2 protein levels. Both METTL14 and YTHDF1 bind to the DDB2 transcript. In mice, skin-specific heterozygous METTL14 deletion increases UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis. Furthermore, METTL14 as well as DDB2 is down-regulated in human and mouse skin tumors and by chronic UVB irradiation in mouse skin, and METTL14 level is associated with the DDB2 level, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role of METTL14 in UVB-associated skin tumorigenesis in association with DDB2 regulation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that METTL14 is a target for selective autophagy and acts as a critical epitranscriptomic mechanism to regulate GGR and suppress UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Loci associated with genomic damage levels in chronic kidney disease patients and controls. Mutat Res 2020; 852:503167. [PMID: 32265040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial disorder with an important genetic component, and several studies have demonstrated potential associations with allelic variants. In addition, CKD patients are also characterized by high levels of genomic damage. Nevertheless, no studies have established relationships between DNA damage, or genomic instability present in CKD patients, and gene polymorphisms. To fill in this gap, the potential role of polymorphisms in genes involved in base excision repair (OGG1, rs1052133; MUTYH, rs3219489; XRCC1, rs25487), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC2/XPD, rs1799793, rs171140, rs13181; ERCC4, rs3136166); phase II metabolism (GSTP1, rs749174; GSTO1, rs2164624; GSTO2, rs156697), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, rs17880135, rs1041740, rs202446; SOD2, rs4880; CAT, rs1001179; GPX1, rs17080528; GPX3, rs870406: GPX4, rs713041) were inquired. In addition, some genes involved in CKD (AGT, rs5050; GLO1, rs386572987; SHROOM3, rs17319721) were also evaluated. The genomic damage, the genomic instability, and oxidative damage were evaluated by using the micronucleus and the comet assay in 589 donors (415 CKD patients and 174 controls). Our results showed significant associations between genomic damage and genes directly involved in DNA repair pathways (XRCC1, and ERCC2), and with genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes (SOD1 and GPX1). GSTO2, as a gene involved in phase II metabolism, and MUTYH showed also an association with genomic instability. Interestingly, the three genes associated with CKD (AGT, GLO1, and SHROOM3) showed associations with both the high levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and genomic instability. These results support our view that genomic instability can be considered a biomarker of the CKD status.
Collapse
|
17
|
Loh CY, Chai JY, Tang TF, Wong WF, Sethi G, Shanmugam MK, Chong PP, Looi CY. The E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin Switch in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Signaling, Therapeutic Implications, and Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E1118. [PMID: 31547193 PMCID: PMC6830116 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been shown to be crucial in tumorigenesis where the EMT program enhances metastasis, chemoresistance and tumor stemness. Due to its emerging role as a pivotal driver of tumorigenesis, targeting EMT is of great therapeutic interest in counteracting metastasis and chemoresistance in cancer patients. The hallmark of EMT is the upregulation of N-cadherin followed by the downregulation of E-cadherin, and this process is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors. In this review, we summarized the recent understanding of the roles of E- and N-cadherins in cancer invasion and metastasis as well as the crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in EMT. We also highlighted a few natural compounds with potential anti-EMT property and outlined the future directions in the development of novel intervention in human cancer treatments. We have reviewed 287 published papers related to this topic and identified some of the challenges faced in translating the discovery work from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yap Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Jian Yi Chai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Ting Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Muthu Kumaraswamy Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Q, Lopez K, Murnane J, Humphrey T, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Misrepair in Context: TGFβ Regulation of DNA Repair. Front Oncol 2019; 9:799. [PMID: 31552165 PMCID: PMC6736563 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA damage protects genomic integrity, which is key to tissue functional integrity. In cancer, the type and fidelity of DNA damage response is the fundamental basis for clinical response to cytotoxic therapy. Here we consider the contribution of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), a ubiquitous, pleotropic cytokine that is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, to therapeutic response. The action of TGFβ is best illustrated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Survival of HNSCC patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cancer is more than double compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. Notably, HPV infection profoundly impairs TGFβ signaling. HPV blockade of TGFβ signaling, or pharmaceutical TGFβ inhibition that phenocopies HPV infection, shifts cancer cells from error-free homologous-recombination DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair to error-prone alternative end-joining (altEJ). Cells using altEJ are more sensitive to standard of care radiotherapy and cisplatin, and are sensitized to PARP inhibitors. Hence, HPV-positive HNSCC is an experiment of nature that provides a strong rationale for the use of TGFβ inhibitors for optimal therapeutic combinations that improve patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kirsten Lopez
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Murnane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Humphrey
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shah P, Zhao B, Qiang L, He YY. Phosphorylation of xeroderma pigmentosum group C regulates ultraviolet-induced DNA damage repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5050-5060. [PMID: 29660033 PMCID: PMC6007576 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair system that removes bulky DNA damage induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors, including UV radiation. Defects in NER can lead to the xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) syndrome, mainly characterized by increased carcinogenesis in the skin. The function of NER factors, including xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination. However, the role of phosphorylation in XPC function remains unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylation of XPC acts as a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of the NER pathway. We show that XPC is phosphorylated at serine 94. Moreover, after UVB irradiation, XPC phosphorylation regulates recruitment of ubiquitinated XPC and its downstream NER factors to the chromatin. In addition, upon evaluating the predicted kinases for XPC phosphorylation, we found that casein kinase II (CK2) promotes NER. Furthermore, CK2 kinase mediates XPC phosphorylation at serine 94, and also promotes recruitment of ubiquitinated XPC to the chromatin after UVB irradiation. Our findings have identified XPC phosphorylation as a new mechanism for regulating NER following UV-induced DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hicks SD, Miller MW. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in neural stem cells is transforming growth factor β1-dependent. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:214-225. [PMID: 30853389 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Following neurotoxic damage, cells repair their DNA, and survive or undergo apoptosis. This study tests the hypothesis that ethanol induces a DNA damage response (DDR) in neural stem cells (NSCs) that promotes excision repair (ER) and this repair is influenced by the growth factor environment. Non-immortalized NSCs treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 or transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 were exposed to ethanol. Ethanol increased total DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oxidized DNA bases. TGFβ1 potentiated these toxic effects. Transcriptional analyses of cultured NSCs revealed ethanol-induced increases in transcripts related to the DDR (e.g., Hus1 and p53), base ER (e.g., Mutyh and Nthl1), and nucleotide ER (e.g., Xpc), particularly in the presence of TGFβ1. Expression and activity of ER proteins were affected by ethanol. Similar changes occurred in proliferating cells of ethanol-treated mouse fetuses. Ethanol-induced DNA repair in NSCs depends on the ambient growth factors. Gene products for DNA repair in stem cells are among the first biomarkers identifying fetal alcohol-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hicks
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, Cortland NY 13045, and Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Anatomy, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shah P, Qiang L, Yang S, Soltani K, He YY. Regulation of XPC deubiquitination by USP11 in repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96522-96535. [PMID: 29228550 PMCID: PMC5722502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair pathway for removing DNA damage caused by UV radiation and many environmental carcinogens. NER is essential for suppressing tumorigenesis in the skin, lungs and brain. Although the core NER proteins have been identified and characterized, molecular regulation of NER remains poorly understood. Here we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) positively regulates NER by deubiquitinating xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and promoting its retention at the DNA damage sites. In addition, UV irradiation induces both USP11 recruitment to the chromatin and USP11 interaction with XPC in an XPC-ubiquitination-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that USP11 is down-regulated in chronically UV-exposed mouse skin and in skin tumors from mice and humans. Our findings indicate that USP11 plays an important role in maintaining NER capacity, and suggest that USP11 acts as a tumor suppressor via its role in DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seungwon Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keyoumars Soltani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qiang L, Sample A, Liu H, Wu X, He YY. Epidermal SIRT1 regulates inflammation, cell migration, and wound healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14110. [PMID: 29074993 PMCID: PMC5658409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are NAD-dependent proteins with the enzymatic activity of deacetylases and ADP ribosyltransferases. SIRT1 is the proto member of the proteins in the mammalian sirtuin family and plays multiple roles in aging and disease. Using mice with epidermis-specific SIRT1 deletion, we show that SIRT1 is required for efficient wound healing. SIRT1 deficiency in the epidermis inhibited the regeneration of both the epidermis and the dermal stroma. SIRT1 loss altered the production of many cytokines, inhibited the recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells, the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts, and angiogenesis in the granulation tissue. In keratinocytes, SIRT1 knockdown inhibited EMT, cell migration, and TGF-β signaling. For the first time, using skin-specific mouse model, we demonstrate that epidermal SIRT1 plays a crucial role in wound repair. These findings are novel in understanding how wound healing is regulated. Our findings provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that SIRT1 in the epidermis regulates cell migration, redox response, inflammation, epidermis re-epithelialization, granulation formation, and proper wound healing in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Ashley Sample
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maier K, He Y, Wölfle U, Esser PR, Brummer T, Schempp C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. UV-B-induced cutaneous inflammation and prospects for antioxidant treatment in Kindler syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 25:5339-5352. [PMID: 27798104 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindler syndrome (KS), a rare, autosomal recessive disorder comprises mechanical skin fragility and photosensitivity, which manifest early in life. The progression of the disorder is irreversible and results in tissue damage in form of cutaneous and mucosal atrophy and scarring and epithelial cancers. Here, we unravel molecular mechanisms of increased UV-B sensitivity of keratinocytes derived from KS patients. We show that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α, are upregulated in KS skin and in UV-B irradiated KS keratinocytes. These cytokines are dependent on p38 activation, which is increased in the absence of kindlin-1 and induced by higher ROS levels. Other dysregulated cytokines and growth factors were identified in this study and might be involved in paracrine interactions contributing to KS pathology. We show a direct relationship between kindlin-1 abundance and UV-B induced apoptosis in keratinocytes, whereas kindlin-2 overexpression has no compensatory effect. Importantly, low levels of kindlin-1 are sufficient to relieve or rescue this feature. Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of UV-B induced apoptosis is a valid therapeutic goal to influence long term complications of KS. Here, we demonstrate that antioxidants and the plant flavonoid luteolin represent feasible topical therapeutic approaches decreasing UV-B induced apoptosis in two-dimensional and organotypic KS cultures. We provide evidence for potential new therapeutic approaches to mitigate the progressive course of KS, for which no cure is available to date. Furthermore, we established organotypic KS models, a valuable in vitro tool for research with a morphology similar to the skin of patients in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Maier
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Wölfle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schempp
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiang L, Sample A, Shea CR, Soltani K, Macleod KF, He YY. Autophagy gene ATG7 regulates ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and skin tumorigenesis. Autophagy 2017; 13:2086-2103. [PMID: 28933598 PMCID: PMC5788558 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1380757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular "self-eating" process that is implicated in many human cancers, where it can act to either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. However, the role of autophagy in regulation of inflammation during tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we show that autophagy is induced in the epidermis by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and autophagy gene Atg7 promoted UV-induced inflammation and skin tumorigenesis. Atg7 regulated UV-induced cytokine expression and secretion, and promoted Ptgs2/Cox-2 expression through both a CREB1/CREB-dependent cell autonomous mechanism and an IL1B/IL1β-dependent non-cell autonomous mechanism. Adding PGE2 increased UV-induced skin inflammation and tumorigenesis, reversing the epidermal phenotype in mice with Atg7 deletion in keratinocytes. Similar to ATG7 knockdown in human keratinocytes, ATG5 knockdown inhibited UVB-induced expression of PTGS2 and cytokines. Furthermore, ATG7 loss increased the activation of the AMPK pathway and the phosphorylation of CRTC1, and led to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation and reduction of ER stress. Inducing ER stress and inhibiting calcium influx into the ER by thapsigargin reverses the inflammation and tumorigenesis phenotype in mice with epidermal Atg7 deletion. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that deleting autophagy gene Atg7 leads to a suppression of carcinogen-induced protumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment and tumorigenesis of the epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiang
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ashley Sample
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher R. Shea
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keyoumars Soltani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kay F. Macleod
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Guardian of the Genome against Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111840. [PMID: 27827925 PMCID: PMC5133840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight represents a constant threat to genome stability by generating modified DNA bases such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). If unrepaired, these lesions can have deleterious effects, including skin cancer. Mammalian cells are able to neutralize UV-induced photolesions through nucleotide excision repair (NER). The NER pathway has multiple components including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins (XPA to XPG) and numerous auxiliary factors, including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase and RCC1 like domain (RLD) and homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2). In this review we highlight recent data on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of NER activity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao B, Shah P, Qiang L, He TC, Budanov A, He YY. Distinct Role of Sesn2 in Response to UVB-Induced DNA Damage and UVA-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:375-381. [PMID: 27463837 DOI: 10.1111/php.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVB and UVA irradiation, is the major risk factor for causing skin cancer including melanoma. Recently, we have shown that Sesn2, a member of the evolutionarily conserved stress-inducible protein family Sestrins (Sesn), is upregulated in human melanomas as compared to melanocytes in normal human skin, suggesting an oncogenic role of Sesn2. However, the role of Sesn2 in UVB and UVA response is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that both UVB and UVA induce Sesn2 upregulation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. UVB induces Sesn2 expression through the p53 and AKT3 pathways. Sesn2 negatively regulates UVB-induced DNA damage repair. In comparison, UVA induces Sesn2 upregulation through mitochondria but not Nrf2. Sesn2 ablation increased UVA-induced Nrf2 induction and inhibits UVA-induced ROS production, indicating that Sesn2 acts as an upstream regulator of Nrf2. These findings suggest previously unrecognized mechanisms in melanocyte response to UVB and UVA irradiation and potentially in melanoma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrey Budanov
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|