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Li B, Kugeratski FG, Kalluri R. A novel machine learning algorithm selects proteome signature to specifically identify cancer exosomes. eLife 2024; 12:RP90390. [PMID: 38529947 PMCID: PMC10965221 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive early cancer diagnosis remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic approaches. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by all cells that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins that are representative of the parent cells. This property, along with the abundance of exosomes in biological fluids makes them compelling candidates as biomarkers. However, a rapid and flexible exosome-based diagnostic method to distinguish human cancers across cancer types in diverse biological fluids is yet to be defined. Here, we describe a novel machine learning-based computational method to distinguish cancers using a panel of proteins associated with exosomes. Employing datasets of exosome proteins from human cell lines, tissue, plasma, serum, and urine samples from a variety of cancers, we identify Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC), Ezrin, (EZR), Talin-1 (TLN1), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), and Moesin (MSN) as highly abundant universal biomarkers for exosomes and define three panels of pan-cancer exosome proteins that distinguish cancer exosomes from other exosomes and aid in classifying cancer subtypes employing random forest models. All the models using proteins from plasma, serum, or urine-derived exosomes yield AUROC scores higher than 0.91 and demonstrate superior performance compared to Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Gaussian Naive Bayes. This study provides a reliable protein biomarker signature associated with cancer exosomes with scalable machine learning capability for a sensitive and specific non-invasive method of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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Griffith BD, Frankel TL. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Impact on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Modulation as a Potential Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38339226 PMCID: PMC10854841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ubiquitous nuclear receptor with a broad range of functions, both in tumor cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Activation of AhR has been shown to have a carcinogenic effect in a variety of organs, through induction of cellular proliferation and migration, promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inhibition of apoptosis, among other functions. However, the impact on immune cell function is more complicated, with both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles identified. Although targeting AhR in cancer has shown significant promise in pre-clinical studies, there has been limited efficacy in phase III clinical trials to date. With the contrasting roles of AhR activation on immune cell polarization, understanding the impact of AhR activation on the tumor immune microenvironment is necessary to guide therapies targeting the AhR. This review article summarizes the state of knowledge of AhR activation on the TME, limitations of current findings, and the potential for modulation of the AhR as a cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Timothy L. Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Li B, Kugeratski FG, Kalluri R. A novel machine learning algorithm selects proteome signature to specifically identify cancer exosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549557. [PMID: 37503071 PMCID: PMC10370082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive early cancer diagnosis remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic approaches. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by all cells that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins that are representative of the parent cells. This property, along with the abundance of exosomes in biological fluids makes them compelling candidates as biomarkers. However, a rapid and flexible exosome-based diagnostic method to distinguish human cancers across cancer types in diverse biological fluids is yet to be defined. Here, we describe a novel machine learning-based computational method to distinguish cancers using a panel of proteins associated with exosomes. Employing datasets of exosome proteins from human cell lines, tissue, plasma, serum and urine samples from a variety of cancers, we identify Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC), Ezrin, (EZR), Talin-1 (TLN1), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and Moesin (MSN) as highly abundant universal biomarkers for exosomes and define three panels of pan-cancer exosome proteins that distinguish cancer exosomes from other exosomes and aid in classifying cancer subtypes employing random forest models. All the models using proteins from plasma, serum, or urine-derived exosomes yield AUROC scores higher than 0.91 and demonstrate superior performance compared to Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Gaussian Naive Bayes. This study provides a reliable protein biomarker signature associated with cancer exosomes with scalable machine learning capability for a sensitive and specific non-invasive method of cancer diagnosis.
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Vázquez-Gómez G, Petráš J, Dvořák Z, Vondráček J. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) play both distinct and common roles in the regulation of colon homeostasis and intestinal carcinogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115797. [PMID: 37696457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) belong among key regulators of xenobiotic metabolism in the intestinal tissue. AhR in particular is activated by a wide range of environmental and dietary carcinogens. The data accumulated over the last two decades suggest that both of these transcriptional regulators play a much wider role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, and that both transcription factors may affect processes linked with intestinal tumorigenesis. Intestinal epithelium is continuously exposed to a wide range of AhR, PXR and dual AhR/PXR ligands formed by intestinal microbiota or originating from diet. Current evidence suggests that specific ligands of both AhR and PXR can protect intestinal epithelium against inflammation and assist in the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. AhR, and to a lesser extent also PXR, have been shown to play a protective role against inflammation-induced colon cancer, or, in mouse models employing overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In contrast, other evidence suggests that both receptors may contribute to modulation of transformed colon cell behavior, with a potential to promote cancer progression and/or chemoresistance. The review focuses on both overlapping and separate roles of the two receptors in these processes, and on possible implications of their activity within the context of intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Vázquez-Gómez
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Petráš
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Stukas D, Jasukaitiene A, Bartkeviciene A, Matthews J, Maimets T, Teino I, Jaudzems K, Gulbinas A, Dambrauskas Z. Targeting AHR Increases Pancreatic Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Gemcitabine through the ELAVL1-DCK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13155. [PMID: 37685961 PMCID: PMC10487468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that is commonly upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AHR hinders the shuttling of human antigen R (ELAVL1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it stabilises its target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and enhances protein expression. Among these target mRNAs are those induced by gemcitabine. Increased AHR expression leads to the sequestration of ELAVL1 in the nucleus, resulting in chemoresistance. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between AHR and ELAVL1 in the pathogenesis of PDAC in vitro. AHR and ELAVL1 genes were silenced by siRNA transfection. The RNA and protein were extracted for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. Direct binding between the ELAVL1 protein and AHR mRNA was examined through immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Cell viability, clonogenicity, and migration assays were performed. Our study revealed that both AHR and ELAVL1 inter-regulate each other, while also having a role in cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance in PDAC cell lines. Notably, both proteins function through distinct mechanisms. The silencing of ELAVL1 disrupts the stability of its target mRNAs, resulting in the decreased expression of numerous cytoprotective proteins. In contrast, the silencing of AHR diminishes cell migration and proliferation and enhances cell sensitivity to gemcitabine through the AHR-ELAVL1-deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) molecular pathway. In conclusion, AHR and ELAVL1 interaction can form a negative feedback loop. By inhibiting AHR expression, PDAC cells become more susceptible to gemcitabine through the ELAVL1-DCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Stukas
- Surgical Gastroenterology Laboratory, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Aldona Jasukaitiene
- Surgical Gastroenterology Laboratory, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Arenida Bartkeviciene
- Surgical Gastroenterology Laboratory, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia; (T.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Indrek Teino
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia; (T.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Antanas Gulbinas
- Surgical Gastroenterology Laboratory, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zilvinas Dambrauskas
- Surgical Gastroenterology Laboratory, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (Z.D.)
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Wei X, Wang B, Wu Z, Yang X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Fang Z, Yi C, Zhang L, Fan X, Zhang L, Song D. WD repeat protein 54-mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1 axis promotes bladder cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis and impairs chemosensitivity. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216058. [PMID: 36627049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most abundant protein-protein interaction domains in the human proteome is the WD40 repeat (WDR) domain. A Gene Expression Omnibus dataset revealed 37 differentially expressed WDR domain genes in bladder cancer (BC). WD repeat domain 54 (WDR54), an upregulated WDR domain gene, was selected for further investigation. Sixty pairs of frozen BC tumor and non-malignant bladder tissues and 83 paraffin-embedded BC tissue specimens were obtained. Loss-/gain-of-function experiments were carried out using BC and xenograft tumor models. WDR54 was overexpressed in BC cells, and its high expression was linked to tumor stage and lymph node metastases in patients. WDR54 contributed to the tumorigenesis and metastasis of BC and impaired its chemosensitivity. WDR54 prevented the degradation and ubiquitination of the mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1 (MEMO1). WDR54 also promoted the interaction between MEMO1 and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and activated the IRS1/AKT/β-catenin pathway in BC cells. Particularly, WDR54 depended on MEMO1 to exert its biological functions. Our study demonstrated the relevance of WDR54 in BC and provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Yi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Safe S, Han H, Jayaraman A, Davidson LA, Allred CD, Ivanov I, Yang Y, Cai JJ, Chapkin RS. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling in Colonic Cells and Tumors. RECEPTORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:93-99. [PMID: 38651159 PMCID: PMC11034912 DOI: 10.3390/receptors2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many tumor types and exhibits tumor-specific tumor promoter and tumor suppressor-like activity. In colon cancer, most but not all studies suggest that the AhR exhibits tumor suppressor activity which is enhanced by AhR ligands acting as agonists. Our studies investigated the role of the AhR in colon tumorigenesis using wild-type and AhR-knockout mice, the inflammation model of colon tumorigenesis using mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mice all of which form intestinal tumors. The effects of tissue-specific AhR loss in the intestine of the tumor-forming mice on colonic stem cells, organoid-initiating capacity, colon tumor formation and mechanisms of AhR-mediated effects were investigated. Loss of AhR enhanced stem cell and tumor growth and in the AOM/DSS model AhR-dependent suppression of FOXM1 and downstream genes was important for AhR-dependent anticancer activity. Furthermore, the effectiveness of interleukin-22 (IL22) in colonic epithelial cells was also dependent on AhR expression. IL22 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, inhibited colonic organoid growth, promoted colonic cell proliferation in vivo and enhanced DNA repair in AOM/DSS-induced tumors. In this mouse model, the AhR suppressed SOCS3 expression and enhanced IL22-mediated activation of STAT3, whereas the loss of the AhR increased levels of SOCS3 which in turn inhibited IL22-induced STAT3 activation. In the APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mouse model, the loss of the AhR enhanced Wnt signaling and colon carcinogenesis. Results in both mouse models of colon carcinogenesis were complemented by single cell transcriptomics on colonic intestinal crypts which also showed that AhR deletion promoted expression of FOXM1-regulated genes in multiple colonic cell subtypes. These results support the role of the AhR as a tumor suppressor-like gene in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Clinton D. Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Therachiyil L, Hussein OJ, Uddin S, Korashy HM. Regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cancer and cancer stem cells of gynecological malignancies: An update on signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1186-1202. [PMID: 36252938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are a female type of cancers that affects the reproductive system. Cancer metastasis or recurrence mediated by cellular invasiveness occurs at advanced stages of cancer progression. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) enrichment in tumors leads to chemoresistance, which results in cancer mortality. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with an increased the risk of CSC enrichment in gynecological cancers. One of the important pathways that mediates the metabolism and bioactivation of these environmental chemicals is the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The present review explores the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk and interaction of the AhR with cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune checkpoints, and G-protein-coupled receptors in several gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, uterine, endometrial, and cervical cancers. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the AhR pathway as a novel chemotherapy for gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ola J Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Repression of Memo1, a Novel Target of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7, Increases Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0122922. [PMID: 36197110 PMCID: PMC9599245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01229-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis is associated with unregulated expression of the oncoproteins E6 and E7. HPV E7 is a viral protein that lacks enzymatic activity; however, it can target several cellular proteins to induce cell transformation and promote uncontrolled proliferation. Although several E7 targets have been described, there are still gaps in the understanding of how this oncoprotein drives cells toward malignancy. Here, using a small HPV type 16 (HPV16) E7 peptide in a proteomic approach, we report Memo1 as a new E7 binding partner, interacting through the aspartic and glutamic acid residues (E80 and D81) in the C-terminal region of HPV16 E7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HPV16 E7 targets Memo1 for proteasomal degradation through a Cullin2-dependent mechanism. In addition, we show that overexpression of Memo1 decreases cell transformation and proliferation and that reduction of Memo1 levels correlate with activation of Akt and an increase in invasion of HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines. Our results show a novel HPV E7 interacting partner and describe novel functions of Memo1 in the context of HPV-induced malignancy. IMPORTANCE Although numerous targets have been reported to interact with the HPV E7 oncoprotein, the mechanisms involved in HPV-induced carcinogenesis and the maintenance of cell transformation are still lacking. Here, through pulldown assays using a peptide encompassing the C-terminal region of HPV16 E7, we report Memo1 as a novel E7 interactor. High levels of Memo1 correlated with reduced cell proliferation and, concordantly, knockdown of Memo1 resulted in Akt activation in HPV-positive cell lines. These results highlight new mechanisms used by HPV oncoproteins to modulate proliferation pathways in cervical cancer cells and increase our understanding of the link between Memo1 protein and cancer.
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The Kynurenine Pathway and Cancer: Why Keep It Simple When You Can Make It Complicated. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112793. [PMID: 35681770 PMCID: PMC9179486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway has two main physiological roles: (i) it protects specific organs such as the eyes and placenta from strong immune reactions and (ii) it additionally generate in the liver and kidney a metabolite essential to all cells of human body. Abnormal activation of this pathway is recurrently observed in numerous cancer types. Its two functions are hijacked to promote tumor growth and cancer cell dissemination through multiple mechanisms. Clinical assays including administration of inhibitors of this pathway have not yet been successful. The complex regulation of this pathway is likely the reason behind this failure. In this review, we try to give an overview of the current knowledge about this pathway, to point out the next challenges, and to propose alternative therapeutic routes. Abstract The kynurenine pathway has been highlighted as a gatekeeper of immune-privileged sites through its ability to generate from tryptophan a set of immunosuppressive metabolic intermediates. It additionally constitutes an important source of cellular NAD+ for the organism. Hijacking of its immunosuppressive functions, as recurrently observed in multiple cancers, facilitates immune evasion and promotes tumor development. Based on these observations, researchers have focused on characterizing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), the main enzyme catalyzing the first and limiting step of the pathway, and on developing therapies targeting it. Unfortunately, clinical trials studying IDO1 inhibitors have thus far not met expectations, highlighting the need to unravel this complex signaling pathway further. Recent advances demonstrate that these metabolites additionally promote tumor growth, metastatic dissemination and chemoresistance by a combination of paracrine and autocrine effects. Production of NAD+ also contributes to cancer progression by providing cancer cells with enhanced plasticity, invasive properties and chemoresistance. A comprehensive survey of this complexity is challenging but necessary to achieve medical success.
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Su Y, Zhang X, Li S, Xie W, Guo J. Emerging roles of the copper-CTR1 axis in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1339-1353. [PMID: 35604085 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological roles of copper in metabolic homeostasis have been well established, however, whether and how copper is dysregulated in tumors and contributes to tumorigenesis are not recapitulated. Here, we comprehensively summarize the potential origins of copper accumulation in diseases especially in cancers by dysregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) or ATPase copper transporting alpha/beta (ATP7A/B) and further demonstrate the underlying mechanism of copper contributing to tumorigenesis. Specifically, in addition to modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiogenesis, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis, copper recently has drawn more attention by directly binding to oncoproteins such as MEK, ULK, Memo, and PDK1 to activate distinct oncogenic signals and account for tumorigenesis. In the end, we disclose the emerging applications of copper in cancer diagnosis and highlight the promising strategies to target the copper-CTR1 axis for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- The First Affiliatd Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
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Nonylphenol regulates TL1A through the AhR/HDAC2/HNF4α pathway in endothelial cells to promote the angiogenesis of colorectal cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 436:115854. [PMID: 34974051 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide. Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disruptor chemical and plays an important role in the development of cancers. However, the effects of NP on CRC remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of NP in the pathogenesis of CRC. METHODS The levels of AhR, TL1A and HDAC2 in CRC tissues and endothelial cells were assessed by RT-qPCR or western blot. CHIP and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between AhR and HDAC2, or HNF4α and TL1A. The CCK8, would healing and tube formation assays were conducted to evaluate the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Western blot determined HNF4α protein and HNF4α acetylation levels. The secreted TL1A protein was detected by ELISA. The angiogenesis-related factor CD31 was tested by IHC. RESULTS The expression level of AhR was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues and endothelial cells. Moreover, NP activated the AhR pathway mediated colorectal endothelial cell angiogenesis and proliferation, while TL1A overexpression resisted these effects caused by NP. Besides, NP was found to modulate HNF4α deacetylation through AhR/HDAC2 to inhibit TL1A. Furthermore, in vivo experiments proved that NP regulated CRC growth and angiogenesis via AhR/HDAC2/HNF4α/TL1A axis. CONCLUSION This study revealed that NP promoted CRC growth and angiogenesis through AhR/HDAC2/HNF4α/TL1A pathway and could be a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Wang HW, Yan XL, Wang LJ, Zhang MH, Yang CH, Wei-Liu, Jin KM, Bao Q, Li J, Wang K, Xing BC. Characterization of genomic alterations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. J Transl Med 2021; 19:313. [PMID: 34281583 PMCID: PMC8287676 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exploration of genomic alterations in Chinese colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is limited, and corresponding genetic biomarkers for patient’s perioperative management are still lacking. This study aims to understand genome diversification and complexity that developed in CRLM. Methods A custom-designed IDT capture panel including 620 genes was performed in the Chinese CRLM cohort, which included 396 tumor samples from metastatic liver lesions together with 133 available paired primary tumors. Results In this Chinese CRLM cohort, the top-ranked recurrent mutated genes were TP53 (324/396, 82%), APC (302/396, 76%), KRAS (166/396, 42%), SMAD4 (54/396, 14%), FLG (52/396, 13%) and FBXW7 (43/396, 11%). A comparison of CRLM samples derived from left- and right-sided primary lesions confirmed that the difference in survival for patients with different primary tumor sites could be driven by variations in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and RAS signaling pathways. Certain genes had a higher variant rate in samples with metachronous CRLM than in samples with simultaneous metastasis. Overall, the metastasis and primary tumor samples displayed highly consistent genomic alterations, but there were some differences between individually paired metastases and primary tumors, which were mainly caused by copy number variations. Conclusion We provide a comprehensive depiction of the genomic alterations in Chinese patients with CRLM, providing a fundamental basis for further personalized therapy applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02986-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Luan Yan
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Huan Zhang
- GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-He Yang
- GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Min Jin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Bao
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Labrecque CL, Hilton CN, Airas J, Blake A, Rubenstein KJ, Parish CA, Pollock JA. Identification of Phenazine-Based MEMO1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors: Virtual Screening, Fluorescence Polarization Validation, and Inhibition of Breast Cancer Migration. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1163-1171. [PMID: 33332774 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions play a significant role in biological signaling pathways; therefore, small molecules that are capable of influencing these interactions can be valuable research tools and have potential as pharmaceutical agents. MEMO1 (mediator of ErbB2-cell driven motility) is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein that interacts with a variety of protein partners and has been found to be upregulated in breast cancer patients. Herein, we report the first small-molecule inhibitors of MEMO1 interactions identified through a virtual screening platform and validated in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. Initial structure-activity relationships have been investigated for these phenazine-core inhibitors and the binding sites have been postulated using molecular dynamics simulations. The most potent biochemical inhibitor is capable of disrupting the large protein interface with a KI of 2.7 μm. In addition, the most promising phenazine core compounds slow the migration of breast cancer cell lines in a scratch assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Labrecque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Cassidy N Hilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Justin Airas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Alexis Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Kristen J Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Carol A Parish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Julie A Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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15
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Rau A, Kocher K, Rommel M, Kühl L, Albrecht M, Gotthard H, Aschmoneit N, Noll B, Olayioye MA, Kontermann RE, Seifert O. A bivalent, bispecific Dab-Fc antibody molecule for dual targeting of HER2 and HER3. MAbs 2021; 13:1902034. [PMID: 33752566 PMCID: PMC7993124 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1902034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual targeting of surface receptors with bispecific antibodies is attracting increasing interest in cancer therapy. Here, we present a novel bivalent and bispecific antagonistic molecule (Dab-Fc) targeting human epidermal growth factors 2 and 3 (HER2 and HER3) derived from the Db-Ig platform, which was developed for the generation of multivalent and multispecific antibody molecules. Dab-Fc comprises the variable domains of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab and the anti-HER3 antibody 3-43 assembled into a diabody-like structure stabilized by CH1 and CL domains and further fused to a human γ1 Fc region. The resulting Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule retained unhindered binding to both antigens and was able to bind both antigens sequentially. In cellular experiments, the Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule strongly bound to different tumor cell lines expressing HER2 and HER3 and was efficiently internalized. This was associated with potent inhibition of the proliferation and migration of these tumor cell lines. Furthermore, IgG-like pharmacokinetics and anti-tumoral activity were demonstrated in a xenograft tumor model of the gastric cancer cell-line NCI-N87. These results illustrate the suitability of our versatile Db-Ig platform technology for the generation of bivalent bispecific molecules, which has been successfully used here for the dual targeting of HER2 and HER3.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rau
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Kocher
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirjam Rommel
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lennart Kühl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Albrecht
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannes Gotthard
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Aschmoneit
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Noll
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A. Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Wang Z, Snyder M, Kenison JE, Yang K, Lara B, Lydell E, Bennani K, Novikov O, Federico A, Monti S, Sherr DH. How the AHR Became Important in Cancer: The Role of Chronically Active AHR in Cancer Aggression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010387. [PMID: 33396563 PMCID: PMC7795223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was studied for its role in environmental chemical toxicity i.e., as a quirk of nature and a mediator of unintended consequences of human pollution. During that period, it was not certain that the AHR had a “normal” physiological function. However, the ongoing accumulation of data from an ever-expanding variety of studies on cancer, cancer immunity, autoimmunity, organ development, and other areas bears witness to a staggering array of AHR-controlled normal and pathological activities. The objective of this review is to discuss how the AHR has gone from a likely contributor to genotoxic environmental carcinogen-induced cancer to a master regulator of malignant cell progression and cancer aggression. Particular focus is placed on the association between AHR activity and poor cancer outcomes, feedback loops that control chronic AHR activity in cancer, and the role of chronically active AHR in driving cancer cell invasion, migration, cancer stem cell characteristics, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Megan Snyder
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Jessica E. Kenison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Kangkang Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Brian Lara
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (B.L.); (K.B.)
| | - Emily Lydell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Kawtar Bennani
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (B.L.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Anthony Federico
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Monti
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.F.); (S.M.)
| | - David H. Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1707
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17
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Xu K, Shi J, Mo D, Yang Y, Fu Q, Luo Y. miR-219a-1 inhibits colon cancer cells proliferation and invasion by targeting MEMO1. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:1163-1170. [PMID: 33218285 PMCID: PMC7722797 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1843897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Many miRNAs have been reported to be involved in colon cancer progression. However, there are only a few studies on the role of miR-219a-1 in colon cancer, and the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the miR-219a-1 level in patients with colon cancer and to explore both the effects and regulatory mechanisms of miR-219a-1 in the malignancy of colon cancer cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to analyze the expression levels of miR-219a-1 and mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1. Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to investigate the malignant ability of colon cancer cells. A luciferase assay was performed to explore whether miR-219a-1 could directly bind to 3ʹ-UTR region of MEMO1. miR-219a-1 was found to be downregulated in colon cancer cell lines and in patients with colon cancer. Additionally, miR-219a-1 could inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. We identified MEMO1 as a novel potential target gene of miR-219a-1. Luciferase assays showed that miR-219a-1 could directly bind to 3′-UTR of MEMO1. Overexpression of miR-219a-1 in colon cancer cells could inhibit the expression of MEMO1. Furthermore, MEMO1 was upregulated in patients with colon cancer, which was inversely correlated with miR-219a-1 levels. In conclusion, our study revealed that miR-219a-1 exerts anti-tumor effects and regulates colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting MEMO1, suggesting that miR-219a-1 could act as a therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Medical Laboratory, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital , Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Comprehensive Medical Laboratory, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital , Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University , Shanghai, P. R. China
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18
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Finding MEMO-Emerging Evidence for MEMO1's Function in Development and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111316. [PMID: 33172038 PMCID: PMC7694686 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conserved throughout animal kingdoms, the protein encoded by the gene Mediator of ERBB2 Driven Cell Motility 1 or MEMO1, has only recently come into focus. True to its namesake, MEMO1 first emerged from a proteomic screen of molecules bound to the ERBB2 receptor and was found to be necessary for efficient cell migration upon receptor activation. While initially placed within the context of breast cancer metastasis—a pathological state that has provided tremendous insight into MEMO1′s cellular roles—MEMO1′s function has since expanded to encompass additional cancer cell types, developmental processes during embryogenesis and homeostatic regulation of adult organ systems. Owing to MEMO1′s deep conservation, a variety of model organisms have been amenable to uncovering biological facets of this multipurpose protein; facets ranging from the cellular (e.g., receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, redox flux) to the organismal (e.g., mineralization and mineral homeostasis, neuro/gliogenesis, vasculogenesis) level. Although these facets emerge at the intersection of numerous biological and human disease processes, how and if they are interconnected remains to be resolved. Here, we review our current understanding of this ‘enigmatic’ molecule, its role in development and disease and open questions emerging from these previous studies.
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19
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Moor MB, Bonny O. Memo1 gene expression in kidney and bone is unaffected by dietary mineral load and calciotropic hormones. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14410. [PMID: 32291966 PMCID: PMC7156332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator of cell motility 1 (MEMO1) is a ubiquitously expressed modulator of cellular responses to growth factors including FGF23 signaling, and Memo1-deficient mice share some phenotypic traits with Fgf23- or Klotho-deficient mouse models. Here, we tested whether Memo1 gene expression is regulated by calciotropic hormones or by changing the dietary mineral load. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells were cultured and treated with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 . Wild-type C57BL/6N mice underwent treatments with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 , parathyroid hormone, 17β-estradiol or vehicle. Other cohorts of C57BL/6N mice were fed diets varying in calcium or phosphate content. Expression of Memo1 and control genes was assessed by qPCR. 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 caused an acute decrease in Memo1 transcript levels in vitro, but not in vivo. None of the hormones tested had an influence on Memo1 transcripts, whereas the assessed control genes reacted the expected way. Dietary interventions with calcium and phosphate did not affect Memo1 transcripts but altered the chosen control genes' expression. We observed that Memo1 was not regulated by calciotropic hormones or change in mineral load, suggesting major differences between the regulation and physiological roles of Klotho, Fgf23, and Memo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B. Moor
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Nephrology and HypertensionBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Service of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
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20
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Ku JM, Hong SH, Kim HI, Kim MJ, Kim SK, Kim M, Choi SY, Park J, Kim HK, Kim JH, Seo HS, Shin YC, Ko SG. Synergistic anticancer effect of combined use of Trichosanthes kirilowii with cisplatin and pemetrexed enhances apoptosis of H1299 non-small-cell lung cancer cells via modulation of ErbB3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153109. [PMID: 31790894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. To treat lung cancer, various anticancer drugs were developed and tested, but they failed because of drug resistance. In the present study, we tested herbal medicines, such as TK and CuD, as anticancer drugs to decrease side effects and resistance. METHODS Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. Analysis of cell cycle arrest was performed by flow cytometry. Induction of apoptosis by cucurbitacin D was measured by an annexin V-FITC/PI assay. We performed RTK kit analysis. Levels of p-ErbB3, p-STAT3, p-NF-κB, and caspases were measured by western blot analysis. Nuclear staining of ErbB3 was measured by immunocytochemistry. Transcriptional activity of STAT3 and NF-κB was detected by STAT3 and NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS We found a synergistic effect of TK with CDDP and PXD in primary culture of human NSCLC tumor cells. The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD inhibited the proliferation of H1299 cells. The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD induced sub-G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest in H1299 cells. The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD induced apoptosis, regulated apoptotic molecules, caused morphological changes and inhibited colony formation in H1299 cells. We found that TK suppresses p-ErbB3 expression and signaling. The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD inhibited p-AKT, p-Erk, and p-JNK signaling and suppressed Stat3 and NF-κB transcriptional activity in H1299 cells. More importantly, the combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD inhibited p-ErbB3 and downstream molecules in H1299 cells. The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD inhibited ErbB2/ErbB3 dimerization. Our results clearly demonstrate that the synergistic effect of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by inhibiting ErbB3 signaling. CONCLUSION The combination of CDDP/PXD and TK or CuD decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting ErbB3 signaling in H1299 lung cancer cells. TK or CuD could be useful as a compound to treat lung cancer. Additionally, targeting ErbB3 may also be useful for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mo Ku
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Young Choi
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkoo Park
- MetaBio Institute, 9, Olympic-ro 78-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05327, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Newkirk ML, Rubenstein KJ, Kim JY, Labrecque CL, Airas J, Taylor CA, Evans HD, McKoy Q, Parish CA, Pollock JA. Analysis of MEMO1 Binding Specificity for ErbB2 Using Fluorescence Polarization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5169-5181. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L. Newkirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Kristen J. Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Jessica Y. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Courtney L. Labrecque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Justin Airas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Cooper A. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Hunter D. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Quincy McKoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Carol A. Parish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Julie A. Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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22
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p23 protects the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor from degradation via a heat shock protein 90-independent mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:34-44. [PMID: 29555469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated signaling molecule which is involved in diverse biological functions ranging from cancer metastasis to immune regulation. This receptor forms a cytoplasmic complex with Hsp90, p23, and XAP2. We have previously reported that down-regulation of p23 triggers degradation of the AHR protein, uncovering a potentially dynamic event which controls the cellular AHR levels without ligand treatment. Here we investigate the underlying mechanisms for this p23 effect using wild-type HeLa and the p23 knockdown HeLa cells. Reduction of the Hsp90 and XAP2 contents, however, did not affect the AHR protein levels, implying that this p23 effect on AHR is more than just alteration of the cytoplasmic complex dynamics. Association of p23 with Hsp90 is not important for the modulation of the AHR levels since exogenous expression of p23 mutants with modest Hsp90-binding affinity effectively restored the AHR message and protein levels. The protein folding property of p23 which resides at the terminal 50-amino acid region is not involved for this p23 effect. Results from our interaction study using the affinity purified thioredoxin fusion proteins and GST fusion proteins showed that p23 directly interacts with AHR and the interaction surface lies within AHR amino acid 1-216 and p23 amino acid 1-110. Down-regulation of the p23 protein content promotes the ubiquitination of AHR, indicating that p23 protects AHR from the ubiquitin-meditated protein degradation.
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