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Ohtani N, Kamiya T, Kawada N. Recent updates on the role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, HCC, and beyond. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0241. [PMID: 37639702 PMCID: PMC10462074 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut and the liver are anatomically and physiologically connected, and this connection is called the "gut-liver axis," which exerts various influences on liver physiology and pathology. The gut microbiota has been recognized to trigger innate immunity and modulate the liver immune microenvironment. Gut microbiota influences the physiological processes in the host, such as metabolism, by acting on various signaling receptors and transcription factors through their metabolites and related molecules. The gut microbiota has also been increasingly recognized to modulate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we discuss recent updates on gut microbiota-associated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases such as NAFLD and NASH, as well as liver cancer, in light of the gut-liver axis. We particularly focus on gut microbial metabolites and components that are associated with these liver diseases. We also discuss the role of gut microbiota in modulating the response to immunotherapy in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kamiya
- Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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3
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Das D, Karthik N, Taneja R. Crosstalk Between Inflammatory Signaling and Methylation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756458. [PMID: 34901003 PMCID: PMC8652226 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an intricate immune response against infection and tissue damage. While the initial immune response is important for preventing tumorigenesis, chronic inflammation is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. It has been linked to various stages of tumor development including transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Immune cells, through the production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, transforming growth factors, and adhesion molecules contribute to the survival, growth, and progression of the tumor in its microenvironment. The aberrant expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory and growth factors by the tumor cells result in the recruitment of immune cells, thus creating a mutual crosstalk. The reciprocal signaling between the tumor cells and the immune cells creates and maintains a successful tumor niche. Many inflammatory factors are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In particular, DNA and histone methylation are crucial forms of transcriptional regulation and aberrant methylation has been associated with deregulated gene expression in oncogenesis. Such deregulations have been reported in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. With technological advancements to study genome-wide epigenetic landscapes, it is now possible to identify molecular mechanisms underlying altered inflammatory profiles in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA and histone methylation in regulation of inflammatory pathways in human cancers and review the merits and challenges of targeting inflammatory mediators as well as epigenetic regulators in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nandini Karthik
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Yan X, Chen X, Xu X, Liu J, Fu C, Zhao D, Zhao W, Ma R, Sun L. Mechanism Underlying p-Coumaric Acid Alleviation of Lipid Accumulation in Palmitic Acid-Treated Human Hepatoma Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3742-3749. [PMID: 32129993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect and mechanism of action of p-coumaric acid for alleviating palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte injury were investigated using a PA-induced human hepatoma cell (HepG2)-based hepatocellular injury model and MTT cell viability determinations. Additionally, reduced glutathione content and catalase activity were detected using commercial kits, while intracellular lipid accumulation and total triglyceride content were measured using Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride quantification kit, respectively. Meanwhile, levels of proteins (fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1) and proliferator-activated receptor-α mRNA were determined using western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. After p-coumaric acid targets were identified using network pharmacological analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was assessed via western blotting, while prostaglandin E2 accumulation was measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Notably, PA-treated hepatocytes exhibited increased viability (87.3 ± 2.2% vs 65.5 ± 2.5% for untreated cells), with reduced intracellular lipid accumulation reflecting promotion of lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation; this protective effect may depend on inhibition of both PA-induced HepG2 cell COX-2 expression and PGE2 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuci Yan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Chunge Fu
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Science, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Center of Preventive Treatment of Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
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5
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TCA Cycle Rewiring as Emerging Metabolic Signature of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010068. [PMID: 31881713 PMCID: PMC7016696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy. Despite progress in treatment, HCC is still one of the most lethal cancers. Therefore, deepening molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis and development is required to uncover new therapeutic strategies. Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a critical player in promoting tumor survival and proliferation to sustain increased metabolic needs of cancer cells. Among the metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a primary route for bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance requirements of cells. In recent years, a large amount of evidence has highlighted the relevance of the TCA cycle rewiring in a variety of cancers. Indeed, aberrant gene expression of several key enzymes and changes in levels of critical metabolites have been observed in many solid human tumors. In this review, we summarize the role of the TCA cycle rewiring in HCC by reporting gene expression and activity dysregulation of enzymes relating not only to the TCA cycle but also to glutamine metabolism, malate/aspartate, and citrate/pyruvate shuttles. Regarding the transcriptional regulation, we focus on the link between NF-κB-HIF1 transcriptional factors and TCA cycle reprogramming. Finally, the potential of metabolic targets for new HCC treatments has been explored.
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Motiño O, Francés DE, Casanova N, Fuertes-Agudo M, Cucarella C, Flores JM, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Olmedilla L, Pérez Peña J, Bañares R, Boscá L, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P. Protective Role of Hepatocyte Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 70:650-665. [PMID: 30155948 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a serious clinical problem affecting liver transplantation outcomes. IRI causes up to 10% of early organ failure and predisposes to chronic rejection. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in different liver diseases, but the significance of COX-2 in IRI is a matter of controversy. This study was designed to elucidate the role of COX-2 induction in hepatocytes against liver IRI. In the present work, hepatocyte-specific COX-2 transgenic mice (hCOX-2-Tg) and their wild-type (Wt) littermates were subjected to IRI. hCOX-2-Tg mice exhibited lower grades of necrosis and inflammation than Wt mice, in part by reduced hepatic recruitment and infiltration of neutrophils, with a concomitant decrease in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, hCOX-2-Tg mice showed a significant attenuation of the IRI-induced increase in oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis, an increase in autophagic flux, and a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress compared to Wt mice. Interestingly, ischemic preconditioning of Wt mice resembles the beneficial effects observed in hCOX-2-Tg mice against IRI due to a preconditioning-derived increase in endogenous COX-2, which is mainly localized in hepatocytes. Furthermore, measurement of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) levels in plasma from patients who underwent liver transplantation revealed a significantly positive correlation of PGE2 levels and graft function and an inverse correlation with the time of ischemia. Conclusion: These data support the view of a protective effect of hepatic COX-2 induction and the consequent rise of derived prostaglandins against IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Motiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel E Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Casanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carme Cucarella
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juana M Flores
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Olmedilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Madrid, Spain
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DEPDC1 promotes cell proliferation and suppresses sensitivity to chemotherapy in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190946. [PMID: 31189746 PMCID: PMC6620382 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of tumor-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that aberrant expression of crucial cancer-related genes contributes to hepatocellular carcinogenesis. This study aimed to characterize the biological role of DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1), a novel cancer-related gene, in HCC and illuminate the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to characterize the expression patterns of DEPDC1 in tumorous tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was launched to evaluate the relationship between DEPDC1 expression and overall survival. CCK8 assay, colony formation and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the effects of DEPDC1 on HCC cell viability, clonogenic capability and cell apoptosis. Murine xenograft models were established to determine the effect of DEPDC1 on tumor growth in vivo. SP600125, a JNK specific inhibitor, was applied to carriy out mechanistic studies. Results: DEPDC1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues. Besides, patients with high DEPDC1 expression experienced a significantly shorter overall survival. Functional investigations demonstrated that DEPDC1 overexpression facilitated HCC cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis, whereas DEPDC1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, DEPDC1 ablation suppressed tumorigenecity of HCC cells in murine xenograft models. Mechanistic studies uncovered that JNK signaling pathway mediated the promoting effects of DEPDC1 on HCC cell viability and chemotherapy resistance. Conclusion: Collectively, our data may provide some evidence for DEPDC1 as a candidate therapeutic target for HCC.
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8
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Epigenetic upregulation and functional role of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier isoform 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Potential Mechanism of Yinchensini Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2178610. [PMID: 30671125 PMCID: PMC6317126 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2178610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective To predict and explore the potential mechanism of Yinchensini decoction (YCSND) based on systemic pharmacology. Method TCMSP database was searched for the active constituents and related target proteins of YCSND. Cytoscape 3.5.1 was used to construct the active ingredient-target interaction of YCSND and network topology analysis, with STRING online database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis; and collection from the UniProt database of target protein gene name, with the DAVID database for the gene ontology (GO) functional analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mechanism and targets of YCSND. Results The results indicate the core compounds of YCSND, namely, kaempferol, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, and formononetin. And its core targets are prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, estrogen receptor, Calmodulin, heat shock protein HSP 90, etc. PPI network analysis shows that the key components of the active ingredients of YCSND are JUN, TP53, MARK1, RELA, MYC, and so on. The results of the GO analysis demonstrate that extracellular space, cytosol, and plasma membrane are the main cellular components of YCSND. Its molecular functions are mainly acting on enzyme binding, protein heterodimerization activity, and drug binding. The biological process of YCSND is focused on response to drug, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, the response to ethanol, etc. KEGG results suggest that the pathways, including pathways in cancer, hepatitis B, and pancreatic cancer, play a key role in YCSND. Conclusion YCSND exerts its drug effect through various signaling pathways and acts on kinds of targets. By system pharmacology, the potential role of drugs and the mechanism of action can be well predicted.
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10
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Zanellato I, Tinello S, Gallina A, Rangone B, Gandin V, Marzano C, Bottone MG, Osella D. An unsymmetric cisplatin-based Pt(iv) derivative containing 2-(2-propynyl)octanoate: a very efficient multi-action antitumor prodrug candidate. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:14174-14185. [PMID: 28984330 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, characterization and biological properties of a Pt(iv) complex containing the very active inhibitor of histone deacetylase (2-propynyl)octanoic acid, POA, as an axial ligand are reported here. The title complex, namely (OC-6-44)-acetatodiamminedichlorido(2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(iv), 1, containing POA in racemic or in enantiomeric forms, was one/two orders of magnitude more active than cisplatin, depending on the chemo-sensitivity of the cancer cell lines. Moreover, 1 exhibited similar or even better antiproliferative activity than (OC-6-33)-diamminedichloridobis(2-propylpentanoato)platinum(iv), 2, containing two molecules of the well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor 2-propylpentanoic (valproic) acid. The high potency of 1 is likely due to its high cellular accumulation and to the synergism between the DNA-damaging cisplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor POA, both released upon the intracellular reduction of 1. Prodrug 1, after oral administration, caused an impressive reduction of the tumor mass (94%) in a model of solid tumor (murine Lewis lung carcinoma), compared to that of the control, whereas (intraperitoneal) cisplatin induced a tumor regression of 75% only. A good accumulation of 1 was observed in the tumor mass. The time course of the body weight attested that cisplatin induced elevated anorexia, whereas treatment with 1 did not induce significant body weight loss throughout the therapeutic experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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11
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Brea R, Motiño O, Francés D, García-Monzón C, Vargas J, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Agra N. PGE 2 induces apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and attenuates liver fibrosis in mice by downregulating miR-23a-5p and miR-28a-5p. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:325-337. [PMID: 29109031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs modulating messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, have emerged as key regulatory molecules in chronic liver diseases, whose end stage is hepatic fibrosis, a major global health burden. Pharmacological strategies for prevention or treatment of hepatic fibrosis are still limited, what makes it necessary to establish a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. In this context, we have recently shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in hepatocytes restricts activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a pivotal event in the initiation and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Here, we evaluated the role of COX-2 in the regulation of a specific set of miRNAs on a mouse model of CCl4 and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis. Our results provide evidence that COX-2 represses miR-23a-5p and miR-28-5p expression in HSC. The decrease of miR-23a-5p and miR-28-5p expression promotes protection against fibrosis by decreasing the levels of pro-fibrogenic markers α-SMA and COL1A1 and increasing apoptosis of HSC. Moreover, we demonstrate that serum levels of miR-28-5p are decreased in patients with chronic liver disease. These results suggest a protective effect exerted by COX-2-derived prostanoids in the process of hepatofibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - O Motiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - C García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Amadeo Vives 2, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vargas
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Amadeo Vives 2, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, IDIPAZ, Pedro Rico 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Casado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - N Agra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Dieffenbach PB, Haeger CM, Coronata AMF, Choi KM, Varelas X, Tschumperlin DJ, Fredenburgh LE. Arterial stiffness induces remodeling phenotypes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via YAP/TAZ-mediated repression of cyclooxygenase-2. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L628-L647. [PMID: 28642262 PMCID: PMC5625262 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00173.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and plays a critical role in PH pathophysiology. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated arterial stiffening early in experimental PH, along with evidence for a mechanobiological feedback loop by which arterial stiffening promotes further cellular remodeling behaviors (Liu F, Haeger CM, Dieffenbach PB, Sicard D, Chrobak I, Coronata AM, Suárez Velandia MM, Vitali S, Colas RA, Norris PC, Marinković A, Liu X, Ma J, Rose CD, Lee SJ, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, McDonald JD, Serhan CN, Walsh SR, Tschumperlin DJ, Fredenburgh LE. JCI Insight 1: e86987, 2016). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin signaling have been implicated in stiffness-mediated regulation, with prostaglandin activity inversely correlated to matrix stiffness and remodeling behaviors in vitro, as well as to disease progression in rodent PH models. The mechanism by which mechanical signaling translates to reduced COX-2 activity in pulmonary vascular cells is unknown. The present work investigated the transcriptional regulators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, a.k.a., TAZ), which are known drivers of downstream mechanical signaling, in mediating stiffness-induced changes in COX-2 and prostaglandin activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We found that YAP/TAZ activity is increased in PAH PASMCs and experimental PH and is necessary for the development of stiffness-dependent remodeling phenotypes. Knockdown of YAP and TAZ markedly induces COX-2 expression and downstream prostaglandin production by approximately threefold, whereas overexpression of YAP or TAZ reduces COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production to near undetectable levels. Together, our findings demonstrate a stiffness-dependent YAP/TAZ-mediated positive feedback loop that drives remodeling phenotypes in PASMCs via reduced COX-2 and prostaglandin activity. The ability to interrupt this critical mechanobiological feedback loop and enhance local prostaglandin activity via manipulation of YAP/TAZ signaling presents a highly attractive novel strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Mallarino Haeger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Maria F Coronata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
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13
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Martín-Sanz P, Casado M, Boscá L. Cyclooxygenase 2 in liver dysfunction and carcinogenesis: Facts and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3572-3580. [PMID: 28611510 PMCID: PMC5449414 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes has been a focus of interest in the management of many liver diseases. Cyclooxygenases are the enzymes involved in the first step of the biosynthesis of these lipid mediators and selective inhibitors for these isoenzymes as well as pharmacological analogues of prostaglandins have been developed and are currently applied therapeutically. Here we discuss the implications of these enzymes in the onset of metabolic and lipid disorders in the liver and their potential role in the progression of the diseases towards fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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14
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The integration of epigenetics and genetics in nutrition research for CVD risk factors. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 76:333-346. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence documenting gene-by-environment (G × E) interactions for CVD related traits. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. DNA methylation may represent one of such potential mechanisms. The objective of this review paper is to summarise the current evidence supporting the interplay among DNA methylation, genetic variants, and environmental factors, specifically (1) the association between SNP and DNA methylation; (2) the role that DNA methylation plays in G × E interactions. The current evidence supports the notion that genotype-dependent methylation may account, in part, for the mechanisms underlying observed G × E interactions in loci such asAPOE, IL6and ATP-binding cassette A1. However, these findings should be validated using intervention studies with high level of scientific evidence. The ultimate goal is to apply the knowledge and the technology generated by this research towards genetically based strategies for the development of personalised nutrition and medicine.
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15
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Ribeiro OD, Canedo NHS, Pannain VL. Immunohistochemical angiogenic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis: correlation with pathological features. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:639-643. [PMID: 27982164 PMCID: PMC5108172 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(11)04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis and their association with pathological prognostic features in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor, CD105, and cyclooxygenase-2 were immunohistochemically detected in 52 hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples and 48 cirrhotic liver tissue samples. Semiquantitative measurements of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 were evaluated considering the degree and intensity of immunostaining based on a 7-point final scoring scale. CD105 microvascular density (MVD-CD105) was measured using automated analysis. Morphological aspects evaluated in the hepatocellular carcinoma samples included size (≤2 and >2 cm), differentiation grade, and microvascular invasion. RESULTS The mean vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity score was slightly higher in the hepatocellular carcinoma samples (4.83±1.35) than the cirrhotic liver (4.38±1.28) samples. There was a significant and direct correlation between these mean scores (rs=0.645, p=0.0001). Cyclooxygenase-2 was expressed in all the cirrhotic liver samples but was only found in 78% of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples. The mean cyclooxygenase-2 score was higher in the cirrhotic liver samples (4.85±1.38) than the hepatocellular carcinoma samples (2.58±1.68), but there was no correlation between the scores (rs=0.177, p=0.23). The mean CD105 percentage in the hepatocellular carcinoma samples (11.2%) was lower than that in the cirrhotic samples (16.9%). There was an inverse relationship in MVD-CD105 expression between the hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic samples (rs=-0.78, p=0.67). There were no significant associations between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and morphological characteristics. Cyclooxygenase-2 and CD105 were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation grade (p=0.003 and p=0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and MVD-CD105 were highly expressed in cirrhotic liver compared to hepatocellular carcinoma and might be involved in liver carcinogenesis. Additionally, cyclooxygenase-2 and CD105 might be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Damasceno Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia-Patológica, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Faculdade de Medicina, Joaçaba/SC, Brazil
- E-mail:
| | | | - Vera Lucia Pannain
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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16
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Motiño O, Agra N, Brea Contreras R, Domínguez-Moreno M, García-Monzón C, Vargas-Castrillón J, Carnovale CE, Boscá L, Casado M, Mayoral R, Valdecantos MP, Valverde ÁM, Francés DE, Martín-Sanz P. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in hepatocytes attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:1710-23. [PMID: 27321932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in different liver diseases but little is known about the significance of COX-2 in the development and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study was designed to elucidate the role of COX-2 expression in hepatocytes in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. In the present work, hepatocyte-specific COX-2 transgenic mice (hCOX-2-Tg) and their wild-type (Wt) littermates were either fed methionine-and-choline deficient (MCD) diet to establish an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model or injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce liver fibrosis. In our animal model, hCOX-2-Tg mice fed MCD diet showed lower grades of steatosis, ballooning and inflammation than Wt mice, in part by reduced recruitment and infiltration of hepatic macrophages, with a corresponding decrease in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, hCOX-2-Tg mice showed a significant attenuation of the MCD diet-induced increase in oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis observed in Wt mice. Even more, hCOX-2-Tg mice treated with CCl4 had significantly lower stages of fibrosis and less hepatic content of collagen, hydroxyproline and pro-fibrogenic markers than Wt controls. Collectively, our data indicates that constitutive hepatocyte COX-2 expression ameliorates NASH and liver fibrosis development in mice by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and by modulating activation of hepatic stellate cells, respectively, suggesting a possible protective role for COX-2 induction in NASH/NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Motiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Agra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Brea Contreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Domínguez-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Amadeo Vives 2, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vargas-Castrillón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Amadeo Vives 2, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina E Carnovale
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel E Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Moreno FS, Heidor R, Pogribny IP. Nutritional Epigenetics and the Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bioactive Food Constituents. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:719-33. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Wang H, Dong BW, Zheng ZH, Wu ZB, Li W, Ding J. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) signaling in rheumatoid synovium: Regulation of inflammatory response and cytokine-mediated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:442-8. [PMID: 26970310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal perpetual inflammatory response and sequential cytokine-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The underlying regulatory mechanism, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that expression level of Metastasis associated protein 1 (MTA1), an important chromatin modifier that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation by modifying DNA accessibility for cofactors, was upregulated in human rheumatoid synovial tissues. Furthermore, a knockdown of MTA1 by siRNA in the human fibroblast-like synovial cell line MH7A was found to impair the 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-induced transcriptional expression levels of certain proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, endogenous MTA1 was required for the cytokines-induced PGE2 synthesis by rheumatoid synoviocytes. Collectively, the coordinated existence of MTA1 inside distinct cascade loops points to its indispensable role in the modulation of the integrated cytokine network along the pathogenesis of RA. Further exploration of the functional details of this master transcriptional regulator should be an attractive strategy to identify novel therapeutic target for RA and warrants execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bing-Wei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Xian Yang Central Hospital, Xian Yang, 712000, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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19
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Role of Natural Stilbenes in the Prevention of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3128951. [PMID: 26798416 PMCID: PMC4698548 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural stilbenes are an important group of nonflavonoid phytochemicals of polyphenolic structure characterized by the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus. Stilbenes have an extraordinary potential for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer, due to their antioxidant, cell death activation, and anti-inflammatory properties which associate with low toxicity under in vivo conditions. This review aims to discuss various approaches related to their mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities in animal models and humans, and potential chemoprevention in clinical studies. The biological activity of natural stilbenes is still incompletely understood. Furthermore, after administration to animals or humans, these molecules are rapidly metabolized. Thus pharmacokinetics and/or activities of the natural structures and their metabolites may be very different. Novel drug formulations have been postulated in order to improve stability and bioavailability, to minimize side effects, and to facilitate interaction with their domains in target proteins. These pharmacological improvements should lead stilbenes to become effective candidates as anticancer drugs.
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20
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Su HJ, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma JL, Li JY, Pan KF, You WC. Methylation status of COX-2 in blood leukocyte DNA and risk of gastric cancer in a high-risk Chinese population. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:979. [PMID: 26674784 PMCID: PMC4682260 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation is a common epigenetic modification which may play a crucial role in cancer development. To investigate the association between methylation of COX-2 in blood leukocyte DNA and risk of gastric cancer (GC), a nested case–control study was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong Province, a high risk area of GC in China. Methods Association between blood leukocyte DNA methylation of COX-2 and risk of GC was investigated in 133 GCs and 285 superficial gastritis (SG)/ chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). The temporal trend of COX-2 methylation level during GC development was further explored in 74 pre-GC and 95 post-GC samples (including 31 cases with both pre- and post-GC samples). In addition, the association of DNA methylation and risk of progression to GC was evaluated in 74 pre-GC samples and their relevant intestinal metaplasia (IM)/dysplasia (DYS) controls. Methylation level was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results The medians of COX-2 methylation levels were 2.3 % and 2.2 % in GC cases and controls, respectively. No significant association was found between COX-2 methylation and risk of GC (OR, 1.15; 95 % CI: 0.70-1.88). However, the temporal trend analysis showed that COX-2 methylation levels were elevated at 1–4 years ahead of clinical GC diagnosis compared with the year of GC diagnosis (3.0 % vs. 2.2 %, p = 0.01). Further validation in 31 GCs with both pre- and post-GC samples indicated that COX-2 methylation levels were significantly decreased at the year of GC diagnosis compared with pre-GC samples (1.5 % vs. 2.5 %, p = 0.02). No significant association between COX-2 methylation and risk of progression to GC was found in subjects with IM (OR, 0.50; 95 % CI: 0.18–1.42) or DYS (OR, 0.70; 95 % CI: 0.23–2.18). Additionally, we found that elder people had increased risk of COX-2 hypermethylation (OR, 1.55; 95 % CI: 1.02–2.36) and subjects who ever infected with H. pylori had decreased risk of COX-2 hypermethylation (OR, 0.54; 95 % CI: 0.34–0.88). Conclusions COX-2 methylation exists in blood leukocyte DNA but at a low level. COX-2 methylation levels in blood leukocyte DNA may change during GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Jun-ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Ji-You Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Kai-feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Wei-cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translation Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
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21
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Peng X, Li W, Johnson WD, Torres KEO, McCormick DL. Overexpression of lipocalins and pro-inflammatory chemokines and altered methylation of PTGS2 and APC2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas induced in rats by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116285. [PMID: 25635769 PMCID: PMC4312057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) induced in F344 rats by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) demonstrate considerable phenotypic similarity to human oral cancers. Gene expression studies (microarray and PCR) were coupled with methylation analysis of selected genes to identify molecular markers of carcinogenesis in this model and potential biochemical and molecular targets for oral cancer chemoprevention. Microarray analysis of 11 pairs of OSCC and site-matched phenotypically normal oral tissues from 4-NQO-treated rats identified more than 3500 differentially expressed genes; 1735 genes were up-regulated in rat OSCC versus non-malignant tissues, while 1803 genes were down-regulated. In addition to several genes involved in normal digestion, genes demonstrating the largest fold increases in expression in 4-NQO-induced OSCC include three lipocalins (VEGP1, VEGP2, LCN2) and three chemokines (CCL, CXCL2, CXCL3); both classes are potentially druggable targets for oral cancer chemoprevention and/or therapy. Down-regulated genes in 4-NQO-induced OSCC include numerous keratins and keratin-associated proteins, suggesting that alterations in keratin expression profiles may provide a useful biomarker of oral cancer in F344 rats treated with 4-NQO. Confirming and extending our previous results, PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and several cyclooxygenase-related genes were significantly up-regulated in 4-NQO-induced oral cancers; up-regulation of PTGS2 was associated with promoter hypomethylation. Rat OSCC also demonstrated increased methylation of the first exon of APC2; the increased methylation was correlated with down-regulation of this tumor suppressor gene. Overexpression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, hypomethylation of PTGS2, and hypermethylation of APC2 may be causally linked to the etiology of oral cancer in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Peng
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenping Li
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, United States of America
| | - William D. Johnson
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, United States of America
| | | | - David L. McCormick
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, United States of America
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Carrier EJ, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Amarnath V, Boutaud O, Oates JA. Levuglandin forms adducts with histone h4 in a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent manner, altering its interaction with DNA. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2436-41. [PMID: 24684440 PMCID: PMC4004227 DOI: 10.1021/bi401673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Inflammation and subsequent cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2) activity has
long been linked with the development of cancer, although little is
known about any epigenetic effects of COX-2. A product of COX-2 activation,
levuglandin (LG) quickly forms covalent bonds with nearby primary
amines, such as those in lysine, which leads to LG-protein adducts.
Here, we demonstrate that COX-2 activity causes LG-histone adducts
in cultured cells and liver tissue, detectable through LC–MS,
with the highest incidence in histone H4. Adduction is blocked by
a γ-ketoaldehyde scavenger, which has no effect on COX-2 activity
as measured by PGE2 production. Formation of the LG-histone
adduct is associated with an increased histone solubility in NaCl,
indicating destabilization of the nucleosome structure; this is also
reversed with scavenger treatment. These data demonstrate that COX-2
activity can cause histone adduction and loosening of the nucleosome
complex, which could lead to altered transcription and contribute
to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Carrier
- Departments of †Pharmacology, ‡Pathology, and §Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Llorente-Izquierdo C, Mayoral R, Cucarella C, Grau C, Alvarez MS, Flores JM, García-Palencia P, Agra N, Castro-Sánchez L, Boscá L, Martín-Sanz P, Casado M. Progression of liver oncogenesis in the double transgenic mice c-myc/TGF α is not enhanced by cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:106-15. [PMID: 23579063 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been associated with cell growth regulation, tissue remodeling and carcinogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 in hepatocytes constitutes an ideal condition to evaluate the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in liver pathogenesis. The effect of COX-2-dependent PGs in genetic hepatocarcinogenesis has been investigated in triple c-myc/transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) transgenic mice that express human COX-2 in hepatocytes on a B6CBAxCD1xB6DBA2 background. Analysis of the contribution of COX-2-dependent PGs to the development of hepatocarcinogenesis, evaluated in this model, suggested a minor role of COX-2-dependent prostaglandins to liver oncogenesis as indicated by liver histopathology, morphometric analysis and specific markers of tumor progression. This allows concluding that COX-2 is insufficient for modifying the hepatocarcinogenesis course mediated by c-myc/TGF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llorente-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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