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Kramárek M, Souček P, Réblová K, Grodecká L, Freiberger T. Splicing analysis of STAT3 tandem donor suggests non-canonical binding registers for U1 and U6 snRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5959-5974. [PMID: 38426935 PMCID: PMC11162779 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tandem donor splice sites (5'ss) are unique regions with at least two GU dinucleotides serving as splicing cleavage sites. The Δ3 tandem 5'ss are a specific subclass of 5'ss separated by 3 nucleotides which can affect protein function by inserting/deleting a single amino acid. One 5'ss is typically preferred, yet factors governing particular 5'ss choice are not fully understood. A highly conserved exon 21 of the STAT3 gene was chosen as a model to study Δ3 tandem 5'ss splicing mechanisms. Based on multiple lines of experimental evidence, endogenous U1 snRNA most likely binds only to the upstream 5'ss. However, the downstream 5'ss is used preferentially, and the splice site choice is not dependent on the exact U1 snRNA binding position. Downstream 5'ss usage was sensitive to exact nucleotide composition and dependent on the presence of downstream regulatory region. The downstream 5'ss usage could be best explained by two novel interactions with endogenous U6 snRNA. U6 snRNA enables the downstream 5'ss usage in STAT3 exon 21 by two mechanisms: (i) binding in a novel non-canonical register and (ii) establishing extended Watson-Crick base pairing with the downstream regulatory region. This study suggests that U6:5'ss interaction is more flexible than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kramárek
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Souček
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Réblová
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kajan Grodecká
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Freiberger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Bian W, Li H, Chen Y, Yu Y, Lei G, Yang X, Li S, Chen X, Li H, Yang J, Yang C, Li Y, Zhou Y. Ferroptosis mechanisms and its novel potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116386. [PMID: 38492438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy, poses a significant threat to human health. The standard therapeutic regimen for patients with DLBCL is rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), with a typical cure rate of 50-70%. However, some patients either relapse after complete remission (CR) or exhibit resistance to R-CHOP treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are imperative for managing high-risk or refractory DLBCL. Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, a process that relies on the transition metal iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs). Research indicates that ferroptosis is implicated in various carcinogenic and anticancer pathways. Several hematological disorders exhibit heightened sensitivity to cell death induced by ferroptosis. DLBCL cells, in particular, demonstrate an increased demand for iron and an upregulation in the expression of fatty acid synthase. Additionally, there exists a correlation between ferroptosis-associated genes and the prognosis of DLBCL. Therefore, ferroptosis may be a promising novel target for DLBCL therapy. In this review, we elucidate ferroptosis mechanisms, its role in DLBCL, and the potential therapeutic targets in DLBCL. This review offers novel insights into the application of ferroptosis in treatment strategies for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Bian
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guojie Lei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanjuan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim KK. The implications of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cell signal transduction. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:755-766. [PMID: 37009804 PMCID: PMC10167241 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce multiple mRNAs through alternative splicing, which ensures proteome diversity. Because most human genes undergo alternative splicing, key components of signal transduction pathways are no exception. Cells regulate various signal transduction pathways, including those associated with cell proliferation, development, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Since proteins produced through alternative splicing can exhibit diverse biological functions, splicing regulatory mechanisms affect all signal transduction pathways. Studies have demonstrated that proteins generated by the selective combination of exons encoding important domains can enhance or attenuate signal transduction and can stably and precisely regulate various signal transduction pathways. However, aberrant splicing regulation via genetic mutation or abnormal expression of splicing factors negatively affects signal transduction pathways and is associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe the effects of alternative splicing regulation on major signal transduction pathways and highlight the significance of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Shah SB, Carlson CR, Lai K, Zhong Z, Marsico G, Lee KM, Félix Vélez NE, Abeles EB, Allam M, Hu T, Walter LD, Martin KE, Gandhi K, Butler SD, Puri R, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Tam W, Elemento O, Takata K, Steidl C, Scott DW, Fontan L, Ueno H, Cosgrove BD, Inghirami G, García AJ, Coskun AF, Koff JL, Melnick A, Singh A. Combinatorial treatment rescues tumour-microenvironment-mediated attenuation of MALT1 inhibitors in B-cell lymphomas. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:511-523. [PMID: 36928381 PMCID: PMC10069918 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCLs) are characterized by constitutive activation of nuclear factor κB driven by the B-cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. However, BCR-pathway-targeted therapies have limited impact on DLBCLs. Here we used >1,100 DLBCL patient samples to determine immune and extracellular matrix cues in the lymphoid tumour microenvironment (Ly-TME) and built representative synthetic-hydrogel-based B-cell-lymphoma organoids accordingly. We demonstrate that Ly-TME cellular and biophysical factors amplify the BCR-MYD88-TLR9 multiprotein supercomplex and induce cooperative signalling pathways in ABC-DLBCL cells, which reduce the efficacy of compounds targeting the BCR pathway members Bruton tyrosine kinase and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1). Combinatorial inhibition of multiple aberrant signalling pathways induced higher antitumour efficacy in lymphoid organoids and implanted ABC-DLBCL patient tumours in vivo. Our studies define the complex crosstalk between malignant ABC-DLBCL cells and Ly-TME, and provide rational combinatorial therapies that rescue Ly-TME-mediated attenuation of treatment response to MALT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivem B Shah
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Christopher R Carlson
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristine Lai
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grazia Marsico
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine M Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mayar Allam
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren D Walter
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karen E Martin
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Khanjan Gandhi
- Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorena Fontan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean L Koff
- Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Diallo M, Herrera F. The role of understudied post-translational modifications for the behavior and function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. FEBS J 2021; 289:6235-6255. [PMID: 34235865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors is involved in inflammation, immunity, development, cancer, and response to injury, among other biological phenomena. Canonical STAT signaling is often represented as a 3-step pathway involving the sequential activation of a membrane receptor, an intermediate kinase, and a STAT transcription factor. The rate-limiting phosphorylation at a highly conserved C-terminal tyrosine residue determines the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STATs. This apparent simplicity is actually misleading and can hardly explain the pleiotropic nature of STATs, the existence of various noncanonical STAT pathways, or the key role of the N-terminal domain in STAT functions. More than 80 post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified for STAT3, but their functions remain barely understood. Here, we provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these underexplored PTMs and their role on STAT3 canonical and noncanonical functions. A less tyrosine-centric point of view may be required to advance our understanding of STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Diallo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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6
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Kimpara S, Lu L, Hoang NM, Zhu F, Bates PD, Daenthanasanmak A, Zhang S, Yang DT, Kelm A, Liu Y, Li Y, Rosiejka A, Kondapelli A, Bebel S, Chen M, Waldmann TA, Capitini CM, Rui L. EGR1 Addiction in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1258-1269. [PMID: 33980611 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response gene (EGR1) is a transcription factor known to be a downstream effector of B-cell receptor signaling and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While EGR1 is characterized as a tumor suppressor in leukemia and multiple myeloma, the role of EGR1 in lymphoma is unknown. Here we demonstrate that EGR1 is a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation in DLBCL. IHC analysis revealed that EGR1 expression is elevated in DLBCL compared with normal lymphoid tissues and the level of EGR1 expression is higher in activated B cell-like subtype (ABC) than germinal center B cell-like subtype (GCB). EGR1 expression is required for the survival and proliferation of DLBCL cells. Genomic analyses demonstrated that EGR1 upregulates expression of MYC and E2F pathway genes through the CBP/p300/H3K27ac/BRD4 axis while repressing expression of the type I IFN pathway genes by interaction with the corepressor NAB2. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EGR1 synergizes with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 or the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL both in cell cultures and xenograft mouse models. Therefore, targeting oncogenic EGR1 signaling represents a potential new targeted therapeutic strategy in DLBCL, especially for the more aggressive ABC DLBCL. IMPLICATIONS: The study characterizes EGR1 as a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation and defines EGR1 as a new molecular target in DLBCL, the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kimpara
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nguyet M Hoang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul D Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Shanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David T Yang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amanda Kelm
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yangguang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Rosiejka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Apoorv Kondapelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Samantha Bebel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Madelyn Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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7
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STAT3 Activation and Oncogenesis in Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010019. [PMID: 31861597 PMCID: PMC7016717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important and the most studied transcription factor in the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. STAT3 mediates the expression of various genes that play a critical role in many cellular and biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation. STAT3 and associated JAKs are activated and tightly regulated by a variety of cytokines and growth factors and their receptors in normal immune responses. However, abnormal expression of STAT3 leads to its constitutive activation, which promotes malignant transformation and tumor progression through oncogenic gene expression in numerous human cancers. Human lymphoma is a heterogeneous malignancy of T and B lymphocytes. Constitutive signaling by STAT3 is an oncogenic driver in several types of B-cell lymphoma and most of T-cell lymphomas. Aberrant STAT3 activation can also induce inappropriate expression of genes involved in tumor immune evasion such as PD-L1. In this review, we focus on the oncogenic role of STAT3 in human lymphoma and highlight potential therapeutic intervention by targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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8
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Zhang R, Lin P, Yang X, He RQ, Wu HY, Dang YW, Gu YY, Peng ZG, Feng ZB, Chen G. Survival associated alternative splicing events in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2636-2647. [PMID: 30210700 PMCID: PMC6129525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has revealed that the initiation of various malignancies is closely associated with alternative splicing (AS) events in certain key oncogenes. However, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), there is still a great deal to learn about AS variants. In this study, 33,724 AS variant profiles were obtained from 16,278 genes in 48 DLBCL cases. A total of 10 AS variants were identified as overall survival (OS)- related events via multivariate Cox regression analysis. Notably, alternative donor (AD) sites in AS events in the low-risk group showed a significantly better outcome in DLBCL patients than in the high-risk group (P=0.0002). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC) for ADs in DLBCL was 0.746. Furthermore, 66 related splicing factors were obtained to investigate their potential correlations with AS events. Factors SF1, HNRNPC, HNRNPD, and HNRNPH3 were significantly involved in different OS-related AS variants. Collectively, we constructed valuable prognostic predictors for DLBCL patients and mapped novel splicing networks for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms related to AS variants in DLBCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medical University22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong-Yao Gu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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9
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Gene regulation and suppression of type I interferon signaling by STAT3 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E498-E505. [PMID: 29295936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancers and regulates gene expression to promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), activation of STAT3 and its kinase JAK1 is caused by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10 in the activated B cell-like subtype (ABC). However, the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this aggressive lymphoma by STAT3 are not well characterized. Here we performed genome-wide analysis and identified 2,251 STAT3 direct target genes, which involve B cell activation, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Whole-transcriptome profiling revealed that STAT3 acts as both a transcriptional activator and a suppressor, with a comparable number of up- and down-regulated genes. STAT3 regulates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including NF-κB, a cell-cycle checkpoint, PI3K/AKT/mTORC1, and STAT3 itself. In addition, STAT3 negatively regulates the lethal type I IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting expression of IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2 Inhibition of STAT3 activity by ruxolitinib synergizes with the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic rationale for clinical trials to evaluate ruxolitinib or a specific JAK1 inhibitor combined with lenalidomide in ABC DLBCL.
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10
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Zhu F, Hwang B, Miyamoto S, Rui L. Nuclear Import of JAK1 Is Mediated by a Classical NLS and Is Required for Survival of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:348-357. [PMID: 28031410 PMCID: PMC5473959 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAKs are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are generally found in association with cytokine receptors. In the canonical pathway, roles of JAKs have well been established in activating STATs in response to cytokine stimulation to modulate gene transcription. In contrast, a noncanonical role of JAK2 has recently been discovered, in which JAK2 in the nucleus imparts the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through phosphorylation of tyrosine 41 on the histone protein H3. Recent work further demonstrated that this noncanonical mechanism is conserved with JAK1, which is activated by the autocrine cytokines IL6 and IL10 in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), a cancer type that is particularly difficult to treat and has poor prognosis. However, how JAK1 gains access to the nucleus to enable epigenetic regulation remains undefined. Here, we investigated this question and revealed that JAK1 has a classical nuclear localization signal toward the N-terminal region, which can be recognized by multiple importin α isoforms. Moreover, the nuclear import of JAK1 is independent of its kinase activity but is required for the optimal expansion of ABC DLBCL cells in vitroImplications: This study demonstrates that the nuclear import of JAK1 is essential for the optimal fitness of ABC DLBCL cells, and targeting JAK1 nuclear localization is a potential therapeutic strategy for ABC DLBCL. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 348-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Byounghoon Hwang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Turton KB, Esnault S, Delain LP, Mosher DF. Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768061 PMCID: PMC5092172 DOI: 10.3791/54473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of many genes containing a tandem splicing site. Alternative donor splice sites 3 nucleotides apart result in either the inclusion (S) or exclusion (ΔS) of a single residue, Serine-701. Further downstream, splicing at a pair of alternative acceptor splice sites result in transcripts encoding either the 55 terminal residues of the transactivation domain (α) or a truncated transactivation domain with 7 unique residues (β). As outlined in this manuscript, measuring the proportions of STAT3's four spliced transcripts (Sα, Sβ, ΔSα and ΔSβ) was possible using absolute qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The protocol therefore distinguishes and measures highly similar splice variants. Absolute qPCR makes use of calibrator plasmids and thus specificity of detection is not compromised for the sake of efficiency. The protocol necessitates primer validation and optimization of cycling parameters. A combination of absolute qPCR and efficiency-dependent relative qPCR of total STAT3 transcripts allowed a description of the fluctuations of STAT3 splice variants' levels in eosinophils treated with cytokines. The protocol also provided evidence of a co-splicing interdependence between the two STAT3 splicing events. The strategy based on a combination of the two qPCR techniques should be readily adaptable to investigation of co-splicing at other tandem splicing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren B Turton
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
| | | | | | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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