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Chen H, Hu J, Xiong X, Chen H, Liao Q, Lin B, Chen Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Cheng D, Li Z. SETD8 inhibits apoptosis and ferroptosis of Ewing's sarcoma through YBX1/RAC3 axis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:494. [PMID: 38987564 PMCID: PMC11237091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) represents a rare yet exceedingly aggressive neoplasm that poses a significant health risk to the pediatric and adolescent population. The clinical outcomes for individuals with relapsed or refractory ES are notably adverse, primarily attributed to the constrained therapeutic alternatives available. Despite significant advancements in the field, molecular pathology-driven therapeutic strategies have yet to achieve a definitive reduction in the mortality rates associated with ES. Consequently, there exists an imperative need to discover innovative therapeutic targets to effectively combat ES. To reveal the mechanism of the SETD8 (also known as lysine methyltransferase 5A) inhibitor UNC0379, cell death manners were analyzed with different inhibitors. The contributions of SETD8 to the processes of apoptosis and ferroptosis in ES cells were evaluated employing the histone methyltransferase inhibitor UNC0379 in conjunction with RNA interference techniques. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of SETD8 in ES were examined through the application of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Moreover, nude mouse xenograft models were established to explore the role of SETD8 in ES in vivo. SETD8, a sole nucleosome-specific methyltransferase that catalyzes mono-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20 (H4K20me1), was found to be upregulated in ES, and its overexpression was associated with dismal outcomes of patients. SETD8 knockdown dramatically induced the apoptosis and ferroptosis of ES cells in vitro and suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SETD8 facilitated the nuclear translocation of YBX1 through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, which subsequently culminated in the transcriptional upregulation of RAC3. In summary, SETD8 inhibits the apoptosis and ferroptosis of ES cells through the YBX1/RAC3 axis, which provides new insights into the mechanism of tumorigenesis of ES. SETD8 may be a potential target for clinical intervention in ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimou Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Medical Centre of Pediatric, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongling Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China
| | - Qiaofang Liao
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516000, China
| | - Biaojun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yusong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yanting Peng
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, Medical Centre of Pediatric, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Di Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Khozooei S, Veerappan S, Bonzheim I, Singer S, Gani C, Toulany M. Fisetin overcomes non-targetability of mutated KRAS induced YB-1 signaling in colorectal cancer cells and improves radiosensitivity by blocking repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109867. [PMID: 37634766 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KRAS is frequently mutated, and the Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutant KRAS (KRASmut) stimulates YB-1 through MAPK/RSK and PI3K/AKT, independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family is a switch-site upstream of AKT and RSK. The flavonoid compound fisetin inhibits RSK-mediated YB-1 signaling. We sought the most effective molecular targeting approach that interferes with DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and induces radiosensitivity of CRC cells, independent of KRAS mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS KRAS activity and KRAS mutation were analyzed by Ras-GTP assay and NGS. Effect of dual targeting of RSK and AKT (DT), the effect of fisetin as well as targeting PAK by FRAX486 and EGFR by erlotinib on YB-1 activity was tested by Western blotting after irradiation in vitro and ex vivo. Additionally, the effect of DT and FRAX486 on DSB repair pathways was tested in cells expressing reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways by flow cytometry analysis. Residual DSBs and clonogenicity were examined by γH2AX- and clonogenic assays, respectively. RESULTS Erlotinib neither blocked DSB repair nor inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation under KRAS mutation condition in vitro and ex vivo. DT and FRAX486 effectively inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation independent of KRAS mutation status and diminished homologous recombination (HR) and alternative non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. DT and FRAX486 inhibited DSB repair in CaCo2 but not in isogenic KRASG12V cells. Fisetin inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation, blocked DSB repair and increased radiosensitivity, independent of KRAS mutation status. CONCLUSION Combination of fisetin with radiotherapy may improve CRC radiation response, regardless of KRASmut status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khozooei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soundaram Veerappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cihan Gani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhao Y, Yang S, Nie H, Zhang D, Wang T, Sun Q, Wang X, Sun Y. Promotion of colorectal cancer progression by immune-related lnc-SOX9-4 via suppression of YBX1 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110854. [PMID: 37611648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has highlighted the versatile functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the onset and progression of various malignancies. Still, insufficient knowledge is available on how lnc-SOX9-4 functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify a novel lncRNA (lnc-SOX9-4), and the expression pattern of the RNA in CRC was verified using qRT-PCR. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were implemented for the identification of the related mechanisms and roles of lnc-SOX9-4. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted for assessment of how lnc-SOX9-4 is linked to tumor immune cell infiltration level. Both in vitro and in vivo phenotype analyses were conducted for scrutinizing how lnc-SOX9-4 impacts the proliferation and metastasis of CRC. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), western blotting, and RIP assay aided in verifying lnc-SOX9-4 mechanisms linked to CRC progression. RESULTS An upregulation of lnc-SOX9-4 was observed in the sample CRC cells and tissues. Elevated lnc-SOX9-4 levels showed a positive association with poor clinical prognosis. Lnc-SOX9-4 was closely correlated to several types of immune infiltrating cells. Functionally, the knockdown of lnc-SOX9-4 significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Mechanistically, YBX1 was identified as lnc-SOX9-4, specifically interacting protein in the nucleus. Lnc-SOX9-4 could stabilize YBX1 protein levels by inhibiting poly-ubiquitination and degradation of YBX1. Furthermore, phenotype rescue experiments reveal that lnc-SOX9-4 enhanced the CRC cellular potential to proliferate and metastasize by regulating YBX1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Lnc-SOX9-4 promoted CRC progression by suppressing cytoplasmic translocation and promoting protein levels of YBX1 can serve as novel treatment targets for diagnosing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongxu Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Li H, Zhang D, Fu Q, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu X, An N, Chen Y, Zhou L, Lu D, Zhao N. YBX1 as an oncogenic factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4874-4885. [PMID: 37339496 PMCID: PMC10469076 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the RNA-binding protein family, is a critical regulator of cell survival in various solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. However, the function of YBX1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains elusive. Here, we found that YBX1 was upregulated in patients with T-ALL, T-ALL cell lines, and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice. Furthermore, depletion of YBX1 dramatically reduced cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in vitro. Moreover, YBX1 depletion significantly decreased the leukemia burden in the human T-ALL xenograft and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice model in vivo. Mechanistically, downregulation of YBX1 markedly inhibited the expression of total AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), p-AKT, total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p-ERK in T-ALL cells. Taken together, our results uncovered a critical role of YBX1 in the leukemogenesis of T-ALL, which may have great potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danlan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Han L, Chen S, Luan Z, Fan M, Wang Y, Sun G, Dai G. Immune function of colon cancer associated miRNA and target genes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203070. [PMID: 37465677 PMCID: PMC10351377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colon cancer is a complex disease that involves intricate interactions between cancer cells and theimmune microenvironment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in cancer, including colon cancer. There is increasing evidence suggesting that miRNA dysregulation plays a crucial role in modulating the immune microenvironment of intestinal cancer. In particular, miRNAs regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and function, as well as cytokine and chemokine production in intestinal cancer. It is urgent to fully investigate the potential role of intestinal cancer-related miRNAs in shaping the immune microenvironment. Methods Therefore, this paper aims to identify miRNAs that are potentially associated with colon cancer and regulate a large number of genes related to immune function. We explored the role of these genes in colon cancer patient prognosis, immune infiltration, and tumor purity based on data of 174 colon cancer patients though convolutional neural network, survival analysis and multiple analysis tools. Results Our findings suggest that miRNA regulated genes play important roles in CD4 memory resting cells, macrophages.M2, and Mast cell activated cells, and they are concentrated in the cytokinecytokine receptor interaction pathway. Discussion Our study enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of intestinal cancer and provides new insights into the development of effective therapies. Additionally, identification of miRNA biomarkers could aid in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as guide personalized treatment strategies for patients with intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Luan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yin H, Huang Z, Niu S, Ming L, Jiang H, Gu L, Huang W, Xie J, He Y, Zhang C. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) modification in peripheral blood immune cells is a novel non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967921. [PMID: 36211353 PMCID: PMC9532581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current non-invasive tumor biomarkers failed to accurately identify patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), delaying CRC diagnosis and thus leading to poor prognosis. Dysregulation of 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) RNA has gradually been reported in various cancers, but their role in tumor diagnosis is rarely mentioned. Our study aimed to determine the role of m5C methylation modification in blood immune cells for the diagnosis of CRC. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 83 healthy controls and 196 CRC patients. We observed that m5C RNA contents in blood immune cells of CRC patients were markedly enhanced in both training set and validation set. Moreover, levels of m5C increased with CRC progression and metastasis but reduced after treatment. Compared with common blood tumor biomarkers, m5C levels in peripheral blood immune cells had superior discrimination and reclassification performance in diagnosing CRC. Besides, bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analysis identified increased expression of m5C-modified regulators NSUN5 and YBX1 in CRC patients’ blood. A series of animal models and cell co-culture models further demonstrated that CRC tumor cells could increase immune cells’ m5C levels and m5C-modified regulators. Monocyte was the predominant m5C-modified immune cell type in CRC patients’ blood by Gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Taken together, m5C methylation modification in peripheral blood immune cells was a promising biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Yin
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqiong Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He, ; Jinye Xie,
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He, ; Jinye Xie,
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He, ; Jinye Xie,
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Yang JW, Sun C, Jin QY, Qiao XH, Guo XL. Potential therapeutic strategies for targeting Y-box-binding protein 1 in cancers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:897-906. [PMID: 34465278 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210831125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most conservative proteins in evolution, Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) has long been considered as a potential cancer target. YB-1 is usually poorly expressed in normal cells and exerts cellular physiological functions such as DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stabilizing. In cancer cells, the expression of YB-1 is up-regulated and undergoes nuclear translocation and contributes to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and chemotherapy drug resistance. During the past decades, a variety of pharmacological tools such as siRNA, shRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, lncRNA and various compounds have been developed to target YB-1 for cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the physiological characteristics of YB-1 in detail, highlight the role of YB-1 in tumors and summarize the current therapeutic methods for targeting YB-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Qiu-Yang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Xing-Hui Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
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Lv J, He Y, Li L, Wang Z. Alternative Splicing Events and Splicing Factors Are Prognostic in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:918. [PMID: 33101358 PMCID: PMC7494975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we investigated the potential application of alternative splicing events (ASEs) and splicing factors (SFs) in the prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Transcriptome data from 79 ACC cases were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and percent spliced-in values of seven splicing types were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas SpliceSeq database. By the univariate Cox regression analysis, 1,839 survival-related ASEs were identified. Prognostic indices based on seven types of survival-related ASEs were calculated by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of the prognostic model. Independent prognosis analysis identified several ASEs (e.g., THNSL2| 54469| ME) that could be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with ACC accurately. By analyzing the co-expression correlation between SFs and ASEs, 188 highly correlated interactions were established. From the protein interaction network, we finally screened six hub SFs, including YBX1, SART1, PRCC, SNRPG, SNRPE, and SF3B4, whose expression levels were significantly related to the overall survival and prognosis of ACC. Our findings provide a reliable model for predicting the prognosis of ACC patients based on aberrant alternative splicing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan He
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu Y, Cao J, Zhu YN, Ma Y, Murtaza G, Li Y, Wang JH, Pu YS. C1222C Deletion in Exon 8 of ABL1 Is Involved in Carcinogenesis and Cell Cycle Control of Colorectal Cancer Through IRS1/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1385. [PMID: 32850446 PMCID: PMC7433659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. ABL1 (c-Abl) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, whose role, and molecular mechanism in CRC remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ABL1 to obtain information on colon cancer gene mutation. We analyzed the tissue samples obtained from patients with CRC, CRC cell lines, and the immunodeficient mice. The proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of CRC cells were examined. IPA software was used to analyze the molecules involved in CRC after ABL1 RNA interference. We found ABL1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. This high expression was associated with the TNM stage of CRC patients. In exon 8 of the ABL1 gene, we identified a novel mutation of C1222C deletion, which was related to the CRC stage. Depletion of ABL1 resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and escalation of apoptosis in two CRC cell lines, SW480, and HCT-116. Our in vivo study also demonstrated that depletion of ABL1 reduced CRC tumor progression. The results of the ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that the expression of 732 genes was upregulated and that of 691 genes was downregulated in mice transplanted with ABL1-downregulated CRC cells, among which we confirmed that depletion of ABL1 inhibited TGF-β1 via IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in CRC progression. These findings demonstrated that ABL1 plays an important role and that it can be a potential molecular target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Song Pu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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10
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Altered transcriptional regulatory proteins in glioblastoma and YBX1 as a potential regulator of tumor invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10986. [PMID: 31358880 PMCID: PMC6662741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied differentially regulated nuclear proteome of the clinical tissue specimens of glioblastoma (GBM, WHO Grade IV) and lower grades of gliomas (Grade II and III) using high resolution mass spectrometry- based quantitative proteomics approach. The results showed altered expression of many regulatory proteins from the nucleus such as DNA binding proteins, transcription and post transcriptional processing factors and also included enrichment of nuclear proteins that are targets of granzyme signaling – an immune surveillance pathway. Protein - protein interaction network analysis using integrated proteomics and transcriptomics data of transcription factors and proteins for cell invasion process (drawn from another GBM dataset) revealed YBX1, a ubiquitous RNA and DNA-binding protein and a transcription factor, as a key interactor of major cell invasion-associated proteins from GBM. To verify the regulatory link between them, the co-expression of YBX1 and six of the interacting proteins (EGFR, MAPK1, CD44, SOX2, TNC and MMP13) involved in cell invasion network was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue micro arrays. Our analysis suggests YBX1 as a potential regulator of these key molecules involved in tumor invasion and thus as a promising target for development of new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
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11
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Dual Targeting of Y-Box Binding Protein-1 and Akt Inhibits Proliferation and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040562. [PMID: 31010234 PMCID: PMC6521066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS-mutated colorectal cancers (CRCs) are resistant to cetuximab treatment. The multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with chemoresistance. In this study, the effects of oncogenic mutated KRAS(G12V) and KRAS(G13D) on YB-1 phosphorylation were investigated in CRC cells. The effects of the inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) on YB-1 phosphorylation, cell proliferation and survival were tested with and without treatment with 5-fluorouracil using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA. YB-1 phosphorylation status and subcellular distribution in CRC patient tissues were determined by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Endogenous expression of mutated KRAS(G13D) and conditional expression of KRAS(G12V) significantly stimulated YB-1 phosphorylation via RSK and were associated with cetuximab resistance. Inhibition of YB-1 by targeting RSK stimulated the Akt signaling pathway, and this stimulation occurred independently of KRAS mutational status. Akt activation interfered with the antiproliferative effect of the RSK inhibitor. Consequently, dual targeting of RSK and Akt efficiently inhibited cell proliferation in KRAS(G13D)-mutated HCT116 and KRAS wild-type SW48 cells. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly enhanced YB-1 phosphorylation in KRAS(G13D)-mutated HCT116 cells but not in KRAS wild-type SW48 cells. Dual targeting of Akt and RSK sensitized HCT116 cells to 5-FU by stimulating 5-FU-induced apoptosis and inhibiting repair of 5-FU-induced DNA damage. YB-1 was highly phosphorylated in CRC patient tumor tissues and was mainly localized in the nucleus. Together, dual targeting of RSK and Akt may be an alternative molecular targeting approach to cetuximab for treating CRC in which YB-1 is highly phosphorylated.
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12
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Guarino AM, Troiano A, Pizzo E, Bosso A, Vivo M, Pinto G, Amoresano A, Pollice A, La Mantia G, Calabrò V. Oxidative Stress Causes Enhanced Secretion of YB-1 Protein that Restrains Proliferation of Receiving Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100513. [PMID: 30360431 PMCID: PMC6210257 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prototype cold-shock Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates a variety of fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation and migration, DNA damage, matrix protein synthesis and chemotaxis. The plethora of functions assigned to YB-1 is strictly dependent on its subcellular localization. In resting cells, YB-1 localizes to cytoplasm where it is a component of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles. Under stress conditions, YB-1 contributes to the formation of stress granules (SGs), cytoplasmic foci where untranslated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are sorted or processed for reinitiation, degradation, or packaging into ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). Following DNA damage, YB-1 translocates to the nucleus and participates in DNA repair thereby enhancing cell survival. Recent data show that YB-1 can also be secreted and YB-1-derived polypeptides are found in plasma of patients with sepsis and malignancies. Here we show that in response to oxidative insults, YB-1 assembly in SGs is associated with an enhancement of YB-1 protein secretion. An enriched fraction of extracellular YB-1 (exYB-1) significantly inhibited proliferation of receiving cells and such inhibition was associated to a G2/M cell cycle arrest, induction of p21WAF and reduction of ΔNp63α protein level. All together, these data show that acute oxidative stress causes sustained release of YB-1 as a paracrine/autocrine signal that stimulate cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maria Guarino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Annaelena Troiano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pollice
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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13
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Tiwari A, Rebholz S, Maier E, Dehghan Harati M, Zips D, Sers C, Rodemann HP, Toulany M. Stress-Induced Phosphorylation of Nuclear YB-1 Depends on Nuclear Trafficking of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082441. [PMID: 30126195 PMCID: PMC6121600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) phosphorylation at Ser-102 in KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) cells, whereas in KRAS mutated (KRASmut) cells, YB-1 is constitutively phosphorylated, independent of IR or EGF. YB-1 activity stimulates the repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nucleus. Thus far, the YB-1 nuclear translocation pattern after cell exposure to various cellular stressors is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of YB-1 phosphorylation and its possible translocation to the nucleus in KRASwt cells after exposure to IR, EGF treatment, and conditional expression of mutated KRAS(G12V). IR, EGF, and conditional KRAS(G12V) expression induced YB-1 phosphorylation in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of KRASwt cells. None of the stimuli induced YB-1 nuclear translocation, while p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) translocation was enhanced in KRASwt cells after any of the stimuli. EGF-induced RSK translocation to the nucleus and nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation were completely blocked by the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor erlotinib. Likewise, RSK inhibition blocked RSK nuclear translocation and nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation after irradiation and KRAS(G12V) overexpression. In summary, acute stimulation of YB-1 phosphorylation does not lead to YB-1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Rather, irradiation, EGF treatment, or KRAS(G12V) overexpression induces RSK activation, leading to its translocation to the nucleus, where it activates already-existing nuclear YB-1. Our novel finding illuminates the signaling pathways involved in nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation and provides a rationale for designing appropriate targeting strategies to block YB-1 in oncology as well as in radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhya Tiwari
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Simone Rebholz
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eva Maier
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mozhgan Dehghan Harati
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Zips
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology & Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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ErbB Family Signalling: A Paradigm for Oncogene Addiction and Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040033. [PMID: 28417948 PMCID: PMC5406708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB family members represent important biomarkers and drug targets for modern precision therapy. They have gained considerable importance as paradigms for oncoprotein addiction and personalized medicine. This review summarizes the current understanding of ErbB proteins in cell signalling and cancer and describes the molecular rationale of prominent cases of ErbB oncoprotein addiction in different cancer types. In addition, we have highlighted experimental technologies for the development of innovative cancer cell models that accurately predicted clinical ErbB drug efficacies. In the future, such cancer models might facilitate the identification and validation of physiologically relevant novel forms of oncoprotein and non-oncoprotein addiction or synthetic lethality. The identification of genotype-drug response relationships will further advance personalized oncology and improve drug efficacy in the clinic. Finally, we review the most important drugs targeting ErbB family members that are under investigation in clinical trials or that made their way already into clinical routine. Taken together, the functional characterization of ErbB oncoproteins have significantly increased our knowledge on predictive biomarkers, oncoprotein addiction and patient stratification and treatment.
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15
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Sharip A, Abdukhakimova D, Wang X, Kim A, Kim Y, Sharip A, Orakov A, Miao L, Sun Q, Chen Y, Chen Z, Xie Y. Analysis of origin and protein-protein interaction maps suggests distinct oncogenic role of nuclear EGFR during cancer evolution. J Cancer 2017; 8:903-912. [PMID: 28382154 PMCID: PMC5381180 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR usually is localized on plasma membrane to induce progression of many cancers including cancers in children (Bodey et al. In Vivo. 2005, 19:931-41), but it contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that mediates EGFR nuclear translocation (Lin et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2001, 3:802-8). Here we report that NLS of EGFR has its old evolutionary origin. Protein-protein interaction maps suggests that nEGFR pathways are different from membrane EGFR and EGF is not found in nEGFR network while androgen receptor (AR) is found, which suggests the evolution of prostate cancer, a well-known AR driven cancer, through changes in androgen- or EGF-dependence. Database analysis suggests that nEGFR correlates with the tumor grades especially in prostate cancer patients. Structural predication analysis suggests that NLS can compromise the differential protein binding to EGFR through stretch linkers with evolutionary mutation from N to V. In experiment, elevation of nEGFR but not membrane EGFR was found in castration resistant prostate cancer cells. Finally, systems analysis of NLS and transmembrane domain (TM) suggests that NLS has old origin while NLS neighboring domain of TM has been undergone accelerated evolution. Thus nEGFR has an old origin resembling the cancer evolution but TM may interfere with NLS driven signaling for natural selection of survival to evade NLS induced aggressive cancers. Our data suggest NLS is a dynamic inducer of EGFR oncogenesis during evolution for advanced cancers. Our model provides novel insights into the evolutionary role of NLS of oncogenic kinases in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Sharip
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Diyora Abdukhakimova
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Alexey Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yevgeniy Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Sharip
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Askarbek Orakov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lixia Miao
- College of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37201, USA
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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