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Grisay G, Lavaud P, Fizazi K. Current Systemic Therapy in Men with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:488-495. [PMID: 38592590 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore the evolving landscape of treatments available for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) patients. RECENT FINDINGS In less than a decade, evidence was chronologically provided that (1) systemic treatment intensification with docetaxel improves outcomes, including survival, in men with mCSPC, (2) then that these outcomes are also improved when a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) is combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and (3) using a "triplet systemic therapy," which consists in the combination of ADT, an ARPI and docetaxel, further improves outcomes, including survival. Radiotherapy to the prostate combined with ADT alone is now recommended in men with low-volume mCSPC. Combining prostate radiotherapy and intensified systemic treatment including abiraterone may be synergistic as suggested in the PEACE-1 trial. Also, the role of metastases-directed local therapies (mostly stereotactic radiotherapy) is currently being assessed in phase 3 trials. Finally, the integration of biomarkers (e.g. BRCA2 gene alterations, PTEN loss, PSMA expression) for decision making is not currently established, though trials are also currently underway. Importantly, most evidence currently available was obtained in men with de novo metastases, while for those with metastatic relapse after definitive local treatment, the role of treatment intensification is less well established. Treatment intensification is nowadays the standard of care for patients with de novo mCSPC as it leads to outcomes improvement, including survival, and the standard of care is evolving almost on a yearly basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grisay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Helora, La Louvière, Belgium.
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Perera RH, Berg FM, Abenojar EC, Nittayacharn P, Kim Y, Wang X, Basilion JP, Exner A. Ultrasound-mediated drug-free theranostics for treatment of prostate cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:45-55. [PMID: 38304914 PMCID: PMC10831121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-shelled nanobubbles (NBs) can be visualized and activated using noninvasive ultrasound (US) stimulation, leading to significant bioeffects. Prior work demonstrates that active targeting of NBs to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) results in enhanced cellular internalization and prolongs NB retention with persistent, cancer-cell specific acoustic activity. In this work, we hypothesized that tumor-accumulated PSMA-NBs combined with low frequency unfocused therapeutic US (TUS) will lead to selective damage and induce a specific therapeutic effect in PSMA-expressing tumors compared to PSMA-negative tumors. We observed that the internalized NBs and cellular compartments were disrupted after the PSMA-NB + TUS (targeted NB therapy or TNT) application, yet treated cells remained intact and viable. In vivo, PSMA-expressing tumors in mice receiving TNT treatment demonstrated a significantly greater extent of apoptosis (78.4 ± 9.3 %, p < 0.01) compared to controls. TNT treatment significantly inhibited the PSMA expressing tumor growth and increased median survival time by 103 %, p < 0.001). A significant reduction in tumor progression compared to untreated control was also seen in an orthotopic rabbit PCa model. Results demonstrate that cavitation of PSMA-NBs internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis into target PCa cells using unfocused ultrasound results in significant, tumor-specific bioeffects. The effects, while not lethal to PSMA-expressing cancer cells in vitro, result in significant in vivo reduction in tumor progression in two models of PCa. While the mechanism of action of these effects is yet unclear, it is likely related to a locally-induced immune response, opening the door to future investigations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Matias Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Eric Chua Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pinunta Nittayacharn
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - James Peter Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Agata Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
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Lu Y, Jiang J, Yang G, Ding H, Zheng Q, Ji L, Wang Y, Dong Z, Zhai Z, Tian J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang L, Wang Z. Comparative effectiveness of multiple androgen receptor signaling inhibitor medicines with androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a study in the real world. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1324181. [PMID: 38699643 PMCID: PMC11063352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1324181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The current treatment strategy for metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC) is the combination of Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors (ARSIs) medicines with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, there is a lack of real-world data comparing the efficacy of different ARSI pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of bicalutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide in combination with ADT for patients with mHSPC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 82 patients diagnosed with mHSPC, including 18 patients treated with abiraterone acetate with prednisone, 21 patients with enzalutamide, 20 patients with apalutamide, and 23 patients with bicalutamide. We evaluated PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), imaging progression-free survival (r PFS), castration resistance progression-free survival (CRPC-PFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Additionally, we explored relevant factors affecting prognosis through univariate and multivariate Cox risk-proportionality models. PSA response rates at 3, 6, and 12 months, nadir PSA levels (nPSA), and time to nadir (TTN) in different medication subgroups after treatment were documented, and we used one-way ANOVA to determine the effect of these measures on patient prognosis. Results In comparison with bicalutamide, both enzalutamide and apalutamide have shown significant advantages in delaying disease progression among mHSPC patients. Specifically, enzalutamide has been found to significantly prolong PSA-PFS (HR 2.244; 95% CI 1.366-3.685, p=0.001), rPFS (HR 2.539; 95% CI 1.181-5.461; p= 0.007), CRPC-PFS (HR 2.131; 95% CI 1.295-3.506; p= 0.003), and OS (HR 2.06; 95% CI 1.183-3.585; P=0.005). Similarly, apalutamide has significantly extended PSA-PFS (HR 5.071; 95% CI 1.711-15.032; P= 0.003) and CRPC-PFS (HR 6.724; 95% CI 1.976-22.878; P=0.002) among patients. On the other hand, the use of abiraterone in combination with ADT did not demonstrate a significant advantage in delaying diseases progression when compared with the other three agents in mHSPC patients. There were no significant differences in overall adverse event rates among the four pharmaceuticals in terms of safety. Additionally, the observation of PSA kinetics revealed that enzalutamide, apalutamide, and abiraterone acetate had a significant advantage in achieving deep PSA response (PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml) compared with bicalutamide (p=0.007 at 12 months). Enzalutamide and apalutamide exhibited preeminence efficacy, with no substantial difference observed between the two medications. Conclusions Abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide were found to significantly reduce and stabilize PSA levels in mHSPC patients more quickly and thoroughly than bicalutamide. Furthermore, enzalutamide and apalutamide were found to significantly prolong survival and delay disease progression in mHSPC patients compared with bicalutamide. It should be noted that abiraterone did not demonstrate a significant advantage in delaying disease compared with enzalutamide and apalutamide. After conducting drug toxicity analyses, it was determined that there were no significant differences among the four drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Urological Disease Research, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Correa R, Vidal N, Quesada-García A, Marcos R, Muñoz Del Toro J, Muñoz-Rodríguez J. Management of patients with localized prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence in Spain: A medical survey. Actas Urol Esp 2024; 48:218-227. [PMID: 37574011 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is established in clinical practice guidelines, which are based on randomized studies according to the level of evidence. In Spain, the degree of compliance with these guidelines in clinical practice is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe the profiles of PCa patients at the time of diagnosis and the management of patients with localized PCa and those with BCR in Spain. MATERIALS & METHODS A medical survey was conducted in specialized care (85 urologists [UROs], 64 radiation oncologists [ROs], and 21 medical oncologists [MOs]). Three questionnaires were developed for this study with 22 (UROs and ROs) or 21 questions (MOs). RESULTS The annual incidence of PCa was 24,057 in participating hospitals (N = 131). The extrapolated annual incidence in Spain is 40,531 cases. The estimated prevalence of PCa in Spain is 221,689. Of note, 79% and 80% of patients seen by UROs and ROs, respectively had localized PCa at diagnosis. Biopsy was the most used diagnostic test among the three specialties, followed by abdominopelvic computer tomography. More than 90% of patients with BCR underwent standard tests. Next generation imaging tests and PET-choline/PSMA are still used residually. Most patients with localized PCa are currently treated with either surgery or radiotherapy, while for BCR patients, UROs and ROs prefer radiotherapy and MOs androgen deprivation therapy alone or in combination. CONCLUSION This study describes patient profiles at the time of diagnosis and provides an overview of the current therapeutic management of localized PCa and BCR in clinical practice in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Correa
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - N Vidal
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Quesada-García
- Medical Affairs Department, Janssen; Paseo de las Doce Estrellas 5-7, 28042, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Marcos
- Business Intelligence Department, Janssen; Paseo de las Doce Estrellas 5-7, 28042, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Muñoz Del Toro
- Medical & Regulatory Affairs Department, Janssen; Lagoas Park, Edificio 9, 2740-262 Porto Salvo, Portugal.
| | - J Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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He P, Yu H, Deng X, Xin L, Xu B, Zhou HB, Dong C. Novel estrogen receptor β/histone deacetylase dual-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probes as theranostic agents for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116236. [PMID: 38367494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) β and histone deacetylases (HDACs), when overexpressed, are associated closely with the occurrence and development of prostate cancer and are, therefore, considered important targets and biomarkers used in the clinical treatment of prostate cancer. The present study involved the design and synthesis of the first ERβ and HDAC dual-target near-infrared fluorescent probe with both imaging capacity and antitumor activity for prostate cancer. Both P1 and P2 probes exhibited excellent ERβ selectivity, with P1 being almost exclusively selective for ERβ compared to ERα. In addition, P1 exhibited good optical properties, such as strong near-infrared emission, large Stokes shift, and better anti-interference ability, along with excellent imaging ability for living cells. P1 also exhibited potent inhibitory activity against HDAC6 and DU-145 cells, with IC50 values of 52 nM and 0.96 μM, respectively. Further, P1 was applied successfully for the in vivo imaging of prostate cancer in a mouse model, and significant in vivo antitumor efficacy was achieved. The developed dual-target NIR fluorescent probe is expected to serve as an effective tool in the research on prostate cancer, leading to novel insights for the theranostic study of diseases related to ERβ and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huiguang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lilan Xin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Combinatiorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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López-Abad A, Ramírez Backhaus M, Server Gómez G, Cao Avellaneda E, Moreno Alarcón C, López Cubillana P, Yago Giménez P, de Pablos Rodríguez P, Juan Fita MJ, Climent Durán MÁ, Guardiola Ruiz I, Vidal Crespo N, Artés Artés M, Montoya Chinchilla R, Moreno Avilés J, Guzmán Martínez-Valls PL, López González PÁ. Real-world prostate-specific antigen reduction and survival outcomes of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients treated with apalutamide: An observational, retrospective, and multicentre study. Prostate Int 2024; 12:20-26. [PMID: 38523897 PMCID: PMC10960092 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treatment has changed drastically during the last years with the emergence of androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs). ARTA combined with androgen deprivation therapy has demonstrated better oncological and survival outcomes in these patients. However, the optimal choice among different ARTAs remains uncertain due to their analogous efficacy. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and oncological outcomes of patients with mHSPC treated with apalutamide. Material and methods Medical records from three different hospitals in Spain were used to conduct this study. Patients diagnosed with mHSPC and under apalutamide treatment were included between March 2021 and January 2023. Data regarding PSA response, overall survival (OS), and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) were collected and stratified by metastasis volume, timing, and stating. Results 193 patients were included; 34.2% of patients were de novo mHSPC, and the majority was classified as m1b. The 18-month OS and rPFS were 92.5% and 88.9%, respectively. Patients with PSA levels ≤0.2 ng/ml showcased an 18-month OS rate of 98.7%, contrasting with 65.3% for those with PSA >0.2 ng/ml. Similar trends emerged for rPFS (97.4% and 53.7%, respectively). When differentiating between low-volume and high-volume metastasis, the OS rate stood at 98.4% and 80.7%, respectively, while the rPFS rates were 93% and 81.6%, respectively. No significant differences were found between groups stratified by metastasis timing. Conclusion This real-world study on patients with mHSPC treated with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy revealed robust oncological outcomes, aligning with the emerging evidence. The study's hallmark finding highlights the significance of rapid and deep PSA response as a predictor of improved oncological and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia López-Abad
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María J. Juan Fita
- Department of Urology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, Spain
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Dai X, Shi X, Luo M, Li P, Gao Y. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveals enhanced arginine metabolism in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1241. [PMID: 38104097 PMCID: PMC10724921 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a common solid tumor that affects a significant number of men worldwide. Conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases the risk of developing castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Effective clinical management of patients with CRPC is challenging due to the limited understanding. METHODS In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and the androgen-independent cells developed from LNCaP cells (LNCaP-ADR) were investigated using RNA-sequencing and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites were analyzed, and integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data was further conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic characteristics in LNCaP-ADR cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) was employed to ascertain the mRNA expression levels of the selected differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The arginine and proline metabolism pathway was identified as a commonly altered pathway at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels. In the LNCaP-ADR cells, significant upregulation was observed for metabolites including 5-Aminopentanoic acid, L-Arginine, L-Glutamic acid, N-Acetyl-L-alanine, and Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid at the metabolic level. At the transcriptional level, MAOA, ALDH3A2, ALDH2, ARG1, CKMT2, and CNDP1 were found to be significantly upregulated in the LNCaP-ADR cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified various enriched gene sets in the LNCaP-ADR cells, encompassing inflammatory response, 9plus2 motile cilium, motile cilium, ciliary plasm, cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility, cilium movement, cilium, response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, PTEN DN.V1 DN, SRC UP.V1 UP, IL15 UP.V1 DN, RB DN.V1 DN, AKT UP MTOR DN.V1 UP, VEGF A UP.V1 UP, and KRAS.LUNG.BREAST UP.V1 UP. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the substantial association between the arginine and proline metabolism pathway and CRPC, emphasizing the need to prioritize strategies that target dysregulated metabolites and differentially expressed genes as essential interventions in the clinical management of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Mingxiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Perera RH, Berg FM, Abenojar EC, Nittayacharn P, Kim Y, Wang X, Basilion JP, Exner AA. Ultrasound-mediated drug-free theranostics for treatment of prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.555594. [PMID: 37745586 PMCID: PMC10515807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.555594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Lipid-shelled nanobubbles (NBs) can be visualized and activated using noninvasive ultrasound (US) stimulation, leading to significant bioeffects. We have previously shown that active targeting of NBs to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) enhances the cellular internalization and prolongs retention of NBs with persistent acoustic activity (~hrs.). In this work, we hypothesized that tumor-accumulated PSMA-NBs combined with low frequency therapeutic US (TUS) will lead to selective damage and induce a therapeutic effect in PSMA-expressing tumors compared to PSMA-negative tumors. Methods PSMA-targeted NBs were formulated by following our previously established protocol. Cellular internalization of fluorescent PSMA-NBs was evaluated by confocal imaging using late endosome/lysosome staining pre- and post-TUS application. Two animal models were used to assess the technique. Mice with dual tumors (PSMA expressing and PSMA negative) received PSMA-NB injection via the tail vein followed by TUS 1 hr. post injection (termed, targeted NB therapy or TNT). Twenty-four hours after treatment mice were euthanized and tumor cell apoptosis evaluated via TUNEL staining. Mice with single tumors (either PSMA + or -) were used for survival studies. Tumor size was measured for 80 days after four consecutive TNT treatments (every 3 days). To test the approach in a larger model, immunosuppressed rabbits with orthotopic human PSMA expressing tumors received PSMA-NB injection via the tail vein followed by TUS 30 min after injection. Tumor progression was assessed via US imaging and at the end point apoptosis was measured via TUNEL staining. Results In vitro TNT studies using confocal microscopy showed that the internalized NBs and cellular compartments were disrupted after the TUS application, yet treated cells remained intact and viable. In vivo, PSMA-expressing tumors in mice receiving TNT treatment demonstrated a significantly greater extent of apoptosis (78.45 ± 9.3%, p < 0.01) compared to the other groups. TNT treatment significantly inhibited the PSMA (+) tumor growth and overall survival significantly improved (median survival time increase by 103%, p < 0.001). A significant reduction in tumor progression compared to untreated control was also seen in the rabbit model in intraprostatic (90%) and in extraprostatic lesions (94%) (p = 0.069 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time the effect of PSMA-targeted nanobubble intracellular cavitation on cancer cell viability and tumor progression in two animal models. Data demonstrate that the targeted nanobubble therapy (TNT) approach relies primarily on mechanical disruption of intracellular vesicles and the resulting bioeffects appear to be more specific to target cancer cells expressing the PSMA receptor. The effect, while not lethal in vitro, resulted in significant tumor apoptosis in vivo in both a mouse and a rabbit model of PCa. While the mechanism of action of these effects is yet unclear, it is likely related to a locally-induced immune response, opening the door to future investigations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Matias Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Chua Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pinunta Nittayacharn
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Agata A. Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Smith MR, Sandhu S, George DJ, Chi KN, Saad F, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Stàhl O, Olmos D, Danila DC, Gafanov R, Castro E, Moon H, Joshua AM, Mason GE, Espina BM, Liu Y, Lopez-Gitlitz A, Francis P, Bevans KB, Fizazi K. Health-related quality of life in GALAHAD: A multicenter, open-label, phase 2 study of niraparib for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA-repair gene defects. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2023; 29:758-768. [PMID: 37404070 PMCID: PMC10387937 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.7.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Niraparib is a highly selective poly (adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase-1 and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-2 inhibitor indicated for select patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer. The phase 2 GALAHAD trial (NCT02854436) demonstrated that niraparib monotherapy is tolerable and efficacious in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations, particularly those with breast cancer gene (BRCA) alterations who had progressed on prior androgen signaling inhibitor therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To report the prespecified patient-reported outcomes analysis from GALAHAD. METHODS: Eligible patients with alterations to BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 (BRCA cohort) and with pathogenic alterations in other HRR genes (other HRR cohort) were enrolled and received niraparib 300 mg once daily. Patient-reported outcome instruments included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate and the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Changes from baseline were compared using a mixed-effect model for repeated measures. RESULTS: On average, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improved in the BRCA cohort by cycle 3 (mean change = 6.03; 95% CI = 2.76-9.29) and was maintained above baseline until cycle 10 (mean change = 2.84; 95% CI = -1.95 to 7.63), whereas the other HRR cohort showed no early change in HRQoL from baseline (mean change = -0.07; 95% CI = -4.69 to 4.55) and declined by cycle 10 (mean change = -5.10; 95% CI = -15.3 to 5.06). Median time to deterioration in pain intensity and pain interference could not be estimated in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced mCRPC and BRCA alterations treated with niraparib experienced more meaningful improvement in overall HRQoL, pain intensity, and pain interference compared with those with other HRR alterations. In this population of castrate, heavily pretreated patients with mCRPC and HRR alterations, stabilization, and improvement in HRQoL may be relevant to consider when making treatment decisions. DISCLOSURES: This work was supported by Janssen Research & Development, LLC (no grant number). Dr Smith has received grants and personal fees from Bayer, Amgen, Janssen, and Lilly; and has received personal fees from Astellas Pharma, Novartis, and Pfizer. Dr Sandhu has received grants from Amgen, Endocyte, and Genentech; has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca and Merck; and has received personal fees from Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck Serono. Dr George has received personal fees from the American Association for Cancer Research, Axess Oncology, Capio Biosciences, Constellation Pharma, EMD Serono, Flatiron, Ipsen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Michael J. Hennessey Association, Millennium Medical Publishing, Modra Pharma, Myovant Sciences, Inc., NCI Genitourinary, Nektar Therapeutics, Physician Education Resource, Propella TX, RevHealth, LLC, and UroGPO; has received grants and personal fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Pfizer; has received personal fees and nonfinancial support from Bayer and UroToday; has received grants from Calithera and Novartis; and has received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Exelixis, Inc., Sanofi, and Janssen Pharma. Dr Chi has received grants from Janssen during the conduct of the study; has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, POINT Biopharma, Roche, and Sanofi; and has received personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Merck, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr Saad has received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Janssen during the conduct of the study; and has received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, Pfizer, Bayer, Myovant, Sanofi, and Novartis. Dr Thiery-Vuillemin has received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Pfizer; has received personal fees and nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Ipsen, Roche/Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Astellas Pharma; and has received personal fees from Sanofi, Novartis, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr Olmos has received grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, and Pfizer; has received personal fees from Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and has received nonfinancial support from Astellas Pharma, F. Hoffman-LaRoche, Genentech, and Ipsen. Dr Danila has received research support from the US Department of Defense, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the Prostate Cancer Foundation, Stand Up to Cancer, Janssen Research & Development, Astellas Pharma, Medivation, Agensys, Genentech, and CreaTV. Dr Gafanov has received grants from Janssen during the conduct of the study. Dr Castro has received grants from Janssen during the conduct of the study; has received grants and personal fees from Janssen, Bayer, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer; and has received personal fees from Astellas Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, and Clovis. Dr Moon has received research funding from SeaGen, HuyaBio, Janssen, BMS, Aveo, Xencor, and has received personal fees from Axess Oncology, MJH, EMD Serono, and Pfizer. Dr Joshua has received nonfinancial support from Janssen; consulted or served in an advisory role for Neoleukin, Janssen Oncology, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Noxopharm, IQvia, Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Serono, and Eisai; and received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen Oncology, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mayne Pharma, Roche/Genentech, Bayer, MacroGenics, Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Corvus Pharmaceuticals. Drs Mason, Liu, Bevans, Lopez-Gitlitz, and Francis and Mr Espina are employees of Janssen Research & Development. Dr Mason owns stocks with Janssen. Dr Fizazi has participated in advisory boards and talks for Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, MSD, Novartis/AAA, Pfizer, and Sanofi, with honoraria to his institution (Institut Gustave Roussy); has participated in advisory boards for, with personal honoraria from, Arvinas, CureVac, MacroGenics, and Orion. Study registration number: NCT02854436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Smith
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J George
- Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Kim Nguyen Chi
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de L’université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Besancon – Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France
| | - Olaf Stàhl
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Olmos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Spain, now with Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rustem Gafanov
- Medical Oncology, Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenology and Radiology, Moscow
| | - Elena Castro
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Spain, now with Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Helen Moon
- Hematology-Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Riverside
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Medical Oncology Department, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Gary E Mason
- Clinical Oncology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Byron M Espina
- Clinical Oncology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yan Liu
- Janssen Global Commercial Strategy Organization, Horsham, PA, now with Genmab US, Plainsboro, NJ
| | | | | | - Katherine B Bevans
- Janssen Global Commercial Strategy Organization, Horsham, PA, now with Genmab US, Plainsboro, NJ
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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10
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Roy A, Prasad S, Chen Y, Chao Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang QJ. Protein Kinase D2 and D3 Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Bone Metastasis by Positively Regulating Runx2 in a MEK/ERK1/2-Dependent Manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:624-637. [PMID: 36740185 PMCID: PMC10155267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced-stage prostate tumors metastasize to the bone, often causing death. The protein kinase D (PKD) family has been implicated in prostate cancer development; however, its role in prostate cancer metastasis remains elusive. This study examined the contribution of PKD, particularly PKD2 and PKD3 (PKD2/3), to the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells and the effect of PKD inhibition on prostate cancer bone metastasis in vivo. Depletion of PKD2/3 by siRNAs or inhibition by the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101 in AR-positive and AR-negative castration-resistant prostate cancer cells potently inhibited colony formation and cell migration. Depletion or inhibition of PKD2/3 significantly blocked tumor cell invasion and suppressed the expression of genes related to bone metastasis in the highly invasive PC3-ML cells. The reduced invasive activity resulting from PKD2/3 depletion was in part mediated by the transcription factor Runx2, as its silencing decreased PKD2/3-mediated metastatic gene expression through the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling axis. Furthermore, inhibition of PKD by CRT0066101 potently decreased the frequency of bone micrometastases in a mouse model of bone metastasis based on intracardiac injection of PC3-ML cells. These results indicate that PKD2/3 plays an important role in the bone metastasis of prostate cancer cells, and its inhibition may be beneficial for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yapeng Chao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinjun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Tzelepi V. Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology, Pathology and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010281. [PMID: 36612276 PMCID: PMC9818719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health care challenge in the developed world, being the most common type of cancer in men in the USA [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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12
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Sweeney CJ, Percent IJ, Babu S, Cultrera JL, Mehlhaff BA, Goodman OB, Morris DS, Schnadig ID, Albany C, Shore ND, Sieber PR, Guba SC, Zhang W, Wacheck V, Donoho GP, Szpurka AM, Callies S, Lin BK, Bendell JC. Phase Ib/II Study of Enzalutamide with Samotolisib (LY3023414) or Placebo in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2237-2247. [PMID: 35363301 PMCID: PMC9662871 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report efficacy and safety of samotolisib (LY3023414; PI3K/mTOR dual kinase and DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor) plus enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following cancer progression on abiraterone. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib/II study (NCT02407054), following a lead-in segment for evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics of samotolisib and enzalutamide combination, patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer with progression on prior abiraterone were randomized to receive enzalutamide (160 mg daily)/samotolisib (200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group criteria (PCWG2). Secondary and exploratory endpoints included radiographic PFS (rPFS) and biomarkers, respectively. Log-rank tests assessed treatment group differences. RESULTS Overall, 13 and 129 patients were enrolled in phase Ib and II, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicity was not reported in patients during phase Ib and mean samotolisib exposures remained in the targeted range despite a 35% decrease when administered with enzalutamide. In phase II, median PCWG2-PFS and rPFS was significantly longer in the samotolisib/enzalutamide versus placebo/enzalutamide arm (3.8 vs. 2.8 months; P = 0.003 and 10.2 vs. 5.5 months; P = 0.03), respectively. Patients without androgen receptor splice variant 7 showed a significant and clinically meaningful rPFS benefit in the samotolisib/enzalutamide versus placebo/enzalutamide arm (13.2 months vs. 5.3 months; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Samotolisib/enzalutamide has tolerable side effects and significantly improved PFS in patients with mCRPC with cancer progression on abiraterone, and this may be enriched in patients with PTEN intact and no androgen receptor splice variant 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Sweeney
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding Author: Christopher J. Sweeney, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-582-7221; Fax: 617-632-2165; E-mail:
| | - Ivor J. Percent
- Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Port Charlotte, Florida
| | - Sunil Babu
- Fort Wayne Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Costantine Albany
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Neal D. Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johanna C. Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Andersen MCM, Stroomberg HV, Brasso K, Helgstrand JT, Røder A. Diagnostic Age, Age at Death and Stage Migration in Men Dying with or from Prostate Cancer in Denmark. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1271. [PMID: 35626426 PMCID: PMC9140637 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of changes in diagnostic activity and treatment options on prostate cancer epidemiology remains a subject of debate. Newly published long-term survival outcomes may not represent contemporary patients and new perspectives are in demand. All men dying in Denmark with prostate cancer diagnosis during a 10-year period were analyzed to address the stage migration of and time lived with prostate cancer diagnosis. All male deaths in Denmark between 2007 and 2016 (n = 261,657) were obtained and crosslinked with The Danish Prostate Cancer Registry (DaPCaR) and the Danish Cancer Registry. Correlation in diagnostic age and stage (localized, locally advanced, metastatic), age at death and cause of death were investigated by Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression in 15,692 men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer mortality remained stable during the study period. Among the men who died of prostate cancer, 65% had locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Age at diagnosis declined in men diagnosed with localized disease and remained constant in men with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Age at death increased in all men. Despite increased efforts to detect prostate cancer early, two-thirds of men who die from prostate cancer still have advanced prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis. Our data show increased life-expectancy in men diagnosed with prostate cancer, however, this benefit must be weighed against increased time of living with the disease and overdiagnosis. The intensified treatment of elderly men and men with advanced disease may be the key to lower prostate cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Casper Meineche Andersen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.V.S.); (K.B.); (J.T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Hein Vincent Stroomberg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.V.S.); (K.B.); (J.T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.V.S.); (K.B.); (J.T.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Thomas Helgstrand
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.V.S.); (K.B.); (J.T.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.V.S.); (K.B.); (J.T.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Patrikidou A, Zilli T, Baciarello G, Terisse S, Hamilou Z, Fizazi K. Should androgen deprivation therapy and other systemic treatments be used in men with prostate cancer and a rising PSA post-local treatments? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211051870. [PMID: 34707693 PMCID: PMC8543684 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211051870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical recurrence is an evolving space in prostate cancer, with increasing multidisciplinary involvement. Androgen deprivation therapy has shown proof of its value in complementing salvage radiotherapy in high-risk biochemical relapsing patients; ongoing trials aim to further refine this treatment combination. As systemic treatments, and notably next-generation androgen receptor targeted agents, have moved towards early hormone-sensitive and non-metastatic stages, the prostate specific antigen (PSA)-relapse disease stage will be undoubtedly challenged by future evidence from such ongoing clinical trials. With the use of modern imaging and newer molecular technologies, including integration of tumoral genomic profiling and liquid biopsies in risk stratification, a path towards a precision oncology-focused approach will become a reality to guide in the future decisions for patients with a diagnosis of biochemical recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Patrikidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris Saclay University, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94800, FranceUCL Cancer Institute & University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Safae Terisse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Zineb Hamilou
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris Saclay University, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94800, France
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15
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Konoshenko MY, Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. miRNAs and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188625. [PMID: 34534639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is mainly used for the treatment of advanced, metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients progress to ADT resistance and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with a poor prognosis. Reliable validated markers of ADT resistance with proven clinical utility are necessary for timely correction of the therapy as well as for improvement of patient quality of life. MiRNAs involved in the ADT response and CRPC development via multiple mechanisms may act as biomarkers for patient outcomes. Available data on miRNAs associated with the ADT response (resistance and sensitivity) are summarized and analyzed in the manuscript, including analyses using bioinformatics resources. Molecular targets of miRNAs, as well as reciprocal relations between miRNAs and their targets, were studied using different databases. Special attention was dedicated to the mechanisms of ADT resistance and CRPC development, including testosterone, PI3K-AKT, VEGF pathways and associated genes. Several different approaches can be used to search for miRNAs associated with the ADT response, each of which focuses on the associated set of miRNAs - potential markers of ADT. The intersection of these approaches and combined analysis allowed us to select the most promising miRNA markers of the ADT response. Meta-analysis of the current data indicated that the selected 5 miRNAs (miRNAs - 125b, miR-21, miR-23b, miR-27b and miR-221) and 14 genes are involved in the regulation of key processes of CRPC development and represent the most promising predictors of the ADT response, further demonstrating their potential in combination therapy for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Olga E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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16
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Dang K, Castello G, Clarke SC, Li Y, Balasubramani A, Boudreau A, Davison L, Harris KE, Pham D, Sankaran P, Ugamraj HS, Deng R, Kwek S, Starzinski A, Iyer S, van Schooten W, Schellenberger U, Sun W, Trinklein ND, Buelow R, Buelow B, Fong L, Dalvi P. Attenuating CD3 affinity in a PSMAxCD3 bispecific antibody enables killing of prostate tumor cells with reduced cytokine release. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002488. [PMID: 34088740 PMCID: PMC8183203 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options currently available for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) do not extend median overall survival >6 months. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapies for mCRPC represents an urgent medical need. T cell engagers (TCEs) have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of mCRPC due to their targeted mechanism of action. However, challenges remain in the clinic due to the limited efficacy of TCEs observed thus far in solid tumors as well as the toxicities associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) due to the usage of high-affinity anti-CD3 moieties such as OKT3. METHODS Using genetically engineered transgenic rats (UniRat and OmniFlic) that express fully human IgG antibodies together with an NGS-based antibody discovery pipeline, we developed TNB-585, an anti-CD3xPSMA TCE for the treatment of mCRPC. TNB-585 pairs a tumor-targeting anti-PSMA arm together with a unique, low-affinity anti-CD3 arm in bispecific format. We tested TNB-585 in T cell-redirected cytotoxicity assays against PSMA+ tumor cells in both two-dimensional (2D) cultures and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids as well as against patient-derived prostate tumor cells. Cytokines were measured in culture supernatants to assess the ability of TNB-585 to induce tumor killing with low cytokine release. TNB-585-mediated T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic granule formation were measured to investigate the mechanism of action. Additionally, TNB-585 efficacy was evaluated in vivo against C4-2 tumor-bearing NCG mice. RESULTS In vitro, TNB-585 induced activation and proliferation of human T cells resulting in the killing of PSMA+ prostate tumor cells in both 2D cultures and 3D spheroids with minimal cytokine release and reduced regulatory T cell activation compared with a positive control antibody that contains the same anti-PSMA arm but a higher affinity anti-CD3 arm (comparable with OKT3). In addition, TNB-585 demonstrated potent efficacy against patient-derived prostate tumors ex vivo and induced immune cell infiltration and dose-dependent tumor regression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TNB-585, with its low-affinity anti-CD3, may be efficacious while inducing a lower incidence and severity of CRS in patients with prostate cancer compared with TCEs that incorporate high-affinity anti-CD3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuping Li
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Duy Pham
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rong Deng
- Teneobio, Inc, Newark, California, USA
| | - Serena Kwek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alec Starzinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Wenzel M, Preisser F, Hoeh B, Schroeder M, Würnschimmel C, Steuber T, Heinzer H, Banek S, Ahrens M, Becker A, Karakiewicz PI, Chun FKH, Kluth LA, Mandel P. Impact of Time to Castration Resistance on Survival in Metastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients in the Era of Combination Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659135. [PMID: 33968764 PMCID: PMC8103198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of time to castration resistance (TTCR) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients on overall survival (OS) in the era of combination therapies for mHSPC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Of 213 mHSPC patients diagnosed between 01/2013-12/2020 who subsequently developed metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), 204 eligible patients were analyzed after having applied exclusion criteria. mHSPC patients were classified into TTCR <12, 12-18, 18-24, and >24 months and analyzed regarding OS. Moreover, further OS analyses were performed after having developed mCRPC status according to TTCR. Logistic regression models predicted the value of TTCR on OS. RESULTS Median follow-up was 34 months. Among 204 mHSPC patients, 41.2% harbored TTCR <12 months, 18.1% for 12-18 months, 15.2% for 18-24 months, and 25.5% for >24 months. Median age was 67 years and median PSA at prostate cancer diagnosis was 61 ng/ml. No differences in patient characteristics were observed (all p>0.05). According to OS, TTCR <12 months patients had the worst OS, followed by TTCR 12-18 months, 18-24 months, and >24 months, in that order (p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, a 4.07-, 3.31-, and 6.40-fold higher mortality was observed for TTCR 18-24 months, 12-18 months, and <12 months patients, relative to TTCR >24 months (all p<0.05). Conversely, OS after development of mCRPC was not influenced by TTCR stratification (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with TTCR <12 months are at the highest OS disadvantage in mHSPC. This OS disadvantage persisted even after multivariable adjustment. Interestingly, TTCR stratified analyses did not influence OS in mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Wenzel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Felix Preisser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hoeh
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Schroeder
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Würnschimmel
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Severine Banek
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marit Ahrens
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Felix K. H. Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luis A. Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Mandel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Maluf FC, Pereira FMT, Silva AG, Dettino ALA, Cardoso APG, Sasse AS, Soares A, Kann AG, Herchenhorn D, Jardim DLF, Cortés DEL, Kater FR, Morbeck IAP, Reolon JFN, Rinck Jr JA, Zarbá JJ, Sade JP, da Trindade KM, Costa LAGA, dos Santos LV, Maia MC, Siqueira MB, Gillessen S. Consensus on the Treatment and Follow-Up for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Report From the First Global Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC). JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:559-571. [PMID: 33856891 PMCID: PMC8162971 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a summary of the recommendations for the treatment and follow-up for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as acquired through a questionnaire administered to 99 physicians working in the field of prostate cancer in developing countries who attended the Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries. METHODS A total of 106 questions out of more than 300 questions addressed the use of imaging in staging mCRPC, treatment recommendations across availability and response to prior drug treatments, appropriate drug treatments, and follow-up, and those same scenarios when limited resources needed to be considered. Responses were compiled and the percentages were presented by clinicians to support each response. Most questions had five to seven relevant options for response including abstain and/or unqualified to answer, or in the case of yes or no questions, the option to abstain was offered. RESULTS Most of the recommendations from this panel were in line with prior consensus, including the preference of a new antiandrogen for first-line therapy of mCRPC. Important aspects highlighted in the scenario of limited resources included the option of docetaxel as treatment preference as first-line treatment in several scenarios, docetaxel retreatment, consideration for reduced doses of abiraterone, and alternative schedules of an osteoclast-targeted therapy. CONCLUSION There was wide-ranging consensus in the treatment for men with mCRPC in both optimal and limited resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cotait Maluf
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Gonçalves Silva
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Oncologia Clínica ICTr, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Garcia Cardoso
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Seeke Sasse
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo Sonhe, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Soares
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro Paulista de Oncologia, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariel Galapo Kann
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Herchenhorn
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo de oncologia D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D'Or de ensino e pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Roberto Kater
- Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor A. Protzner Morbeck
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, Brasília, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - José Augusto Rinck Jr
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Jose Zarbá
- Hospital Zenon Santillán, Nacional University of Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Sade
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Alexander Fleming y de la Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karine Martins da Trindade
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- IEP—Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Oncocentro, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Atem G. A. Costa
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo de oncologia D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Caitano Maia
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Oncologia do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bruno Siqueira
- Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo de oncologia D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Pyrgidis N, Vakalopoulos I, Sountoulides P. Endocrine consequences of treatment with the new androgen receptor axis-targeted agents for advanced prostate cancer. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:73-84. [PMID: 33140306 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest non-cutaneous malignancy worldwide and the second cause of cancer death among males in the USA. Approval of the new androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) has altered the course of advanced PCa. We aimed to assess the endocrine and metabolic adverse events associated with treatment using ARAT compounds. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from database inception to August 2020. We included randomized controlled trials reporting the endocrine and metabolic side effects of ARAT agents compared to each other or to placebo. RESULTS Although metastatic PCa remains incurable, ARAT medications combined with androgen deprivation therapy improve overall metastasis-free and progression-free survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa, non-metastatic castration-resistant PCa, and metastatic castration-resistant PCa patients. This benefit comes at the cost of certain endocrine and metabolic consequences. Treatment with abiraterone acetate induces mineralocorticoid excess, hypokalemia, hypertension, elevated liver function tests, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. Enzalutamide may induce or worsen hypertension and increase the risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients, while common endocrine adverse events of apalutamide include hypothyroidism, hypertension, and skin rash. On the other hand, darolutamide seems to have a somewhat safer endocrine and metabolic profile. CONCLUSION Treatment of advanced PCa should be personalized, with administration of a combination of androgen deprivation therapy, ARAT agents, and chemotherapy being based on the patient's safety profile and the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pyrgidis
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 15-17 Agiou Evgeniou Street, TK 55133, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vakalopoulos
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 15-17 Agiou Evgeniou Street, TK 55133, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Sountoulides
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 15-17 Agiou Evgeniou Street, TK 55133, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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20
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Parimi S, Bondy S, Aparicio M, Sunderland K, Cho J, Bachand F, Nguyen Chi K, Pickles T, Tyldesley S. Presenting stage and risk group in men dying of prostate cancer. Curr Oncol 2020; 27:e547-e551. [PMID: 33380869 PMCID: PMC7755438 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer remains the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Canadian men, and yet screening for prostate cancer continues to be controversial because the majority of men diagnosed with prostate cancer do not die of the disease. It also remains uncertain whether treatment of cases that can be treated with curative intent alters the mortality rate. There are very few studies describing the presenting stage, risk groups, and survival after diagnosis for men dying of prostate cancer in the literature. In this study, we explored these characteristics for all men who died of prostate cancer in British Columbia between 2013 and 2015. Methods The population-based BC Cancer databases were used to identify all patients diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2015 who died of prostate cancer. Patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics were collected, and the risk grouping for each tumour was determined. The proportion of cases in each risk group at the time of diagnosis was determined. Survival time from diagnosis to death was calculated for all patients and for each risk group using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 1256 patients died of prostate cancer. Of patients who presented with metastatic disease, 57.2% presented with a Gleason score of 8 or more, compared with only 35.7% of patients who presented with nonmetastatic disease (p < 0.0001). The presenting stage and risk group of those dying of prostate cancer were as follows: 32% metastatic disease, 3% regional (defined as node-positive), 39% localized high risk, 9% localized intermediate risk, 4% localized low risk, 6% localized not otherwise specified, and 7% unknown. Therefore, 80.3% of those with a known risk group presented with either localized high-risk, regional, or metastatic disease at diagnosis. The median survival times from diagnosis to death were 12 years for localized low-risk, 10 years for localized intermediate-risk, 6.5 years for localized high-risk, 4 years for regional, and 1.7 years for metastatic disease at diagnosis. Conclusions This population-based analysis demonstrates that patients with localized high-risk, regional, or metastatic disease at diagnosis constitute the overwhelming majority of patients who die of prostate cancer in British Columbia. Unless these disease states can reliably be identified at an earlier low- or intermediate-risk localized state in the future, it is unlikely that treatment of localized low- and intermediate-risk cancer will have an impact on survival. Furthermore, patients with de novo metastatic disease had identifiable risk factors of a higher prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parimi
- Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Bondy
- Genitourinary Cancer Outcomes Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Aparicio
- Genitourinary Cancer Outcomes Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Sunderland
- Genitourinary Cancer Outcomes Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Cho
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - F Bachand
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | | | - T Pickles
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Tyldesley
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC
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21
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Suzuki H, Shin T, Fukasawa S, Hashine K, Kitani S, Ohtake N, Shibayama K, Tran N, Mundle S, Fizazi K, Matsubara N. Efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed, metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer: final subgroup analysis of LATITUDE, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:810-820. [PMID: 32188988 PMCID: PMC7345218 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LATITUDE was a randomized, double-blind, international and phase 3 study of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer. In the first interim analysis of LATITUDE (clinical cutoff date: 31 October 2016), significant prolongation in overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival (co-primary endpoints) was observed when compared with placebo. The results of the Japanese subgroup analysis of LATITUDE first interim analysis were consistent with those of the overall population. In this study, overall survival and safety results from the final analysis of the Japanese subgroup of the LATITUDE study are presented (clinical cutoff date: 15 August 2018). Methods Abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day) and prednisone (5 mg/day) were administered orally in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group, and matching placebos in the placebo group. Results Of the 1199 patients included in LATITUDE, 70 constituted the Japanese subgroup (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone: n = 35, placebo: n = 35). Following a median (range) follow-up of 56.6 (2.5, 64.2) months, the median overall survival was not reached in both the treatment arms of the Japanese subgroup (hazard ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.27–1.42; nominal P = 0.2502). A total of 23 deaths (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone: 9 [25.7%], placebo group: 14 [40.0%]) were reported in Japanese subgroup. Grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 24 (68.6%) and 9 (25.7%) patients in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and placebo groups, respectively. Conclusions In this Japanese subgroup analysis, addition of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone to androgen-deprivation therapy demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Survival benefits observed in the Japanese subgroup first interim analysis were sustained long-term and were consistent with the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukasawa
- Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Bai R, Luan X, Zhang Y, Robbe-Masselot C, Brockhausen I, Gao Y. The expression and functional analysis of the sialyl-T antigen in prostate cancer. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:423-433. [PMID: 32583304 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a featured characteristic of cancer and plays a role in cancer pathology; thus an understanding of the compositions and functions of glycans is critical for discovering diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this study, we used MALDI-TOF-MS analysis to determine the O-glycan profiles of prostate cancer cells metastasized to bone (PC-3), brain (DU145), lymph node (LNCaP), and vertebra (VCaP) in comparison to immortalized RWPE-1 cells derived from normal prostatic tissue. Prostate cancer (CaP) cells exhibited an elevation of simple/short O-glycans, with a reduction of complex O-glycans, increased O-glycan sialylation and decreased fucosylation. Core 1 sialylation was increased dramatically in all CaP cells, and especially in PC-3 cells. The expression of Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAc- (sialyl-3T antigen) which is the product of α2,3-sialyltransferase-I (ST3Gal-I) was substantially increased. We therefore focused on exploring the possible function of ST3Gal-I in PC-3 cells. ST3Gal-I silencing studies showed that ST3Gal-I was associated with PC-3 cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that down regulation of ST3Gal-I reduced the tumor size in xenograft mouse model, indicating that sialyl-3T can serve as a biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer prognosis, and that ST3Gal-I could be a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Luan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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23
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Stokidis S, Fortis SP, Kogionou P, Anagnostou T, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN. HLA Class I Allele Expression and Clinical Outcome in De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061623. [PMID: 32570992 PMCID: PMC7352811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the prognostic relevance of the most frequently expressed HLA-A alleles in Greece (A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02) in de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mPCa), which is a rare and aggressive disease characterized by a rapid progression to castration-resistance (CR) and poor overall survival (OS), contributing to almost 50% of PCa-related deaths. We identified 56 patients who had either progressed to CR (these patients were retrospectively analyzed for the time to the progression of CR and prospectively for OS) or had at least three months’ follow-up postdiagnosis without CR progression and, thus, were prospectively analyzed for both CR and OS. Patients expressing HLA-A*02:01 showed poor clinical outcomes vs. HLA-A*02:01−negative patients. HLA-A*24:02−positive patients progressed slower to CR and had increased OS. Homozygous HLA-A*02:01 patients progressed severely to CR, with very short OS. Multivariate analyses ascribed to both HLA alleles significant prognostic values for the time to progression (TTP) to CR and OS. The presence of HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02 alleles in de novo mPCa patients are significantly and independently associated with unfavorable or favorable clinical outcomes, respectively, suggesting their possible prognostic relevance for treatment decision-making in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Stokidis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Paraskevi Kogionou
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Theodoros Anagnostou
- Department of Urology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-640-9624
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24
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Fracture risk and survival outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients sequentially treated with abiraterone acetate and RADIUM-223. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2633-2638. [PMID: 32249345 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture risk and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who received sequentially abiraterone acetate (AA) and radium 223 [223Ra]RaCl2 in the daily clinical practice. MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed the records of mCRPC patients who received [223Ra]RaCl2 immediately after progressing during an AA treatment line in everyday clinical practice. RESULTS We reviewed data of a consecutive series of 94 mCRPC patients. Most of the patients (85.1%) received [223Ra]RaCl2 as second- or third-line treatment. [223Ra]RaCl2 treatment was well-tolerated; there were only four cases of grade 3 anaemia, two cases of grade 3 leukopenia and one case of grade 3 neutropenia. The overall fracture rate is 2.1%; one fracture was recorded during the course of [223Ra]RaCl2 treatment, and one was recorded 1 month after its end. The fractures both occurred at metastatic sites. Median OS from [223Ra]RaCl2 start was more than 14 months regardless of the treatment line when [223Ra]RaCl2 was administered. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that the treatment with [223Ra]RaCl2 immediately after AA was active and safe with a very low risk of a fracture. Thus, the present observational report makes a valuable contribution to the current debate concerning the risks and benefits of including [223Ra]RaCl2 in the therapeutic algorithm.
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25
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Tosoian JJ, Birer SR, Jeffrey Karnes R, Zhang J, Davicioni E, Klein EE, Freedland SJ, Weinmann S, Trock BJ, Dess RT, Zhao SG, Jackson WC, Yamoah K, Dal Pra A, Mahal BA, Morgan TM, Mehra R, Kaffenberger S, Salami SS, Kane C, Pollack A, Den RB, Berlin A, Schaeffer EM, Nguyen PL, Feng FY, Spratt DE. Performance of clinicopathologic models in men with high risk localized prostate cancer: impact of a 22-gene genomic classifier. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:646-653. [PMID: 32231245 PMCID: PMC10184170 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer exhibits biological and clinical heterogeneity even within established clinico-pathologic risk groups. The Decipher genomic classifier (GC) is a validated method to further risk-stratify disease in patients with prostate cancer, but its performance solely within National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk disease has not been undertaken to date. METHODS A multi-institutional retrospective study of 405 men with high-risk prostate cancer who underwent primary treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) at 11 centers from 1995 to 2005 was performed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the hazard ratios (HR) for the development of metastatic disease based on clinico-pathologic variables, risk groups, and GC score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was determined for regression models without and with the GC score. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 82 months, 104 patients (26%) developed metastatic disease. On univariable analysis, increasing GC score was significantly associated with metastatic disease ([HR]: 1.34 per 0.1 unit increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.50, p < 0.001), while age, serum PSA, biopsy GG, and clinical T-stage were not (all p > 0.05). On multivariable analysis, GC score (HR: 1.33 per 0.1 unit increase, 95% CI: 1.19-1.48, p < 0.001) and GC high-risk (vs low-risk, HR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.79-4.87, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with metastasis. The addition of GC score to regression models based on NCCN risk group improved model AUC from 0.46 to 0.67, and CAPRA from 0.59 to 0.71. CONCLUSIONS Among men with high-risk prostate cancer, conventional clinico-pathologic data had poor discrimination to risk stratify development of metastatic disease. GC score was a significant and independent predictor of metastasis and may help identify men best suited for treatment intensification/de-escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel R Birer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric E Klein
- Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bruce J Trock
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Dess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William C Jackson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alan Dal Pra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brandon A Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology and Polsky Urologic Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zhao F, Wang J, Chen M, Chen D, Ye S, Li X, Chen X, Ren G, Yan S. Sites of synchronous distant metastases and prognosis in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis: a population-based study of 16,643 patients. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:30. [PMID: 31784868 PMCID: PMC6884608 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a preferential site for prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. However, sites of synchronous distant metastases in PCa patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis and their impacts on prognosis are still unclear, limiting our ability to better stratify and treat the patients. In this study, we examined the sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases in de novo PCa patients with bone metastases and their associated prognoses. METHODS In total, 16,643 de novo PCa patients with bone metastases from the SEER database were included. After stratification of metastatic sites (bone, lung, liver, and brain) and treatment modalities, overall survival (OS) and independent predictors of OS, were analyzed. RESULTS Lung was the most frequent site of synchronous metastases, followed by liver, while brain metastases were relatively uncommon. Patients with bone-only metastases showed the longest mean survival time (35.87 months, p < 0.001), followed by patients with bone and lung metastases (30.74 months, p < 0.001). Patients with bone and liver metastases had the shortest mean survival time (17.39 months, p < 0.001). Age > 70 years, unmarried status, high tumor grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 50 ng/ml, and Gleason score ≥ 8 were associated with poor OS (all p < 0.01). Asian or Pacific Islander ethnic background was associated with a favorable OS (all p < 0.01). Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases (all p < 0.05). For patients with bone-only metastases, radical prostatectomy (RP) (HR, 0.339; 95% CI 0.231-0.495; p < 0.001), brachytherapy (BT) (HR, 0.567; 95% CI 0.388-0.829; p = 0.003), and chemotherapy (HR, 0.850; 95% CI 0.781-0.924; p < 0.001) were associated with prolonged OS. CONCLUSIONS Age, race, tumor grade, PSA, Gleason score, sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases, as well as treatment modalities affected OS in newly diagnosed PCa patients with bone metastases. Synchronous liver metastases were associated with poor OS. Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases. RP and BT improved OS in patients with bone-only metastases. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jili Wang
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Rouyer M, Oudard S, Joly F, Fizazi K, Tubach F, Jove J, Lacueille C, Lamarque S, Guiard E, Balestra A, Droz-Perroteau C, Fourrier-Reglat A, Moore N. Overall and progression-free survival with cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in routine clinical practice: the FUJI cohort. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:1001-1008. [PMID: 31719685 PMCID: PMC6964680 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cabazitaxel is a treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after docetaxel failure. The FUJI cohort aimed to confirm the real-life overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) and safety of cabazitaxel. Methods Multicentre, non-interventional cohort of French mCRPC patients initiating cabazitaxel between 2013 and 2015, followed 18 months. Results Four hundred one patients were recruited in 42 centres. At inclusion, median age was 70, main metastatic sites were bones (87%), lymph nodes (42%) and visceral (20%). 18% had cabazitaxel in 2nd-line treatment, 39% in 3rd-line and 43% in 4th-line or beyond. All had prior docetaxel, and 82% prior abiraterone, enzalutamide or both. Median duration of cabazitaxel treatment was 3.4 months. Median OS from cabazitaxel initiation was 11.9 months [95% CI: 10.1–12.9]. In multivariate analyses, grade ≥ 3 adverse events, visceral metastases, polymedication, and >5 bone metastases were associated with a shorter OS. Main grade ≥ 3 adverse events were haematological with 8% febrile neutropenia. Conclusion Real-life survival with cabazitaxel in FUJI was shorter than in TROPIC (pivotal trial, median OS 15.1 months) or PROSELICA (clinical trial 20 vs 25 mg/m2, median OS, respectively, 13.4 and 14.5 months). There was no effect of treatment-line on survival. No unexpected adverse concerns were identified. Study registration It was registered with the European Medicines Agency EUPASS registry, available at www.encepp.eu, as EUPAS10391. It has been approved as an ENCEPP SEAL study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Rouyer
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre François Baclesse, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Inserm, UMR 1123 ECEVE, CIC-1421, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Jove
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Estelle Guiard
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Balestra
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Annie Fourrier-Reglat
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, CIC1401, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
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Sachpekidis C, Alberts I, Rominger A, Afshar-Oromieh A. PSMA radioligand therapy in prostate cancer: overview, latest advances and remaining challenges. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1267-1271. [PMID: 31496329 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Sachpekidis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
The majority of patients with prostate cancer who later develop lethal metastatic disease have high-risk localized disease at presentation, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies at this stage. Multimodal treatment approaches that combine systemic and local therapies offer a promising strategy for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Combinations of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or chemohormonal therapy are considered to be the standard of care in most solid tumours and should be investigated in the future for the treatment of prostate cancer to improve patient outcomes. However, although the combination of androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy is a standard of care in high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, the benefit of chemotherapy or chemohormonal therapy has yet to be demonstrated outside of the metastatic setting. Moreover, the benefit of neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant systemic therapies in combination with radical prostatectomy has not been proved. The development of next-generation hormonal agents, which have been approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer, offers further therapeutic possibilities that are being assessed in early-phase clinical trials.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Until 2015, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone was the standard-of-care for metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC). In the last decade, important landmark therapeutic advances occurred in the management of these patients permitting improvement of their survival. RECENT FINDINGS At least two prospective randomized trials proved upfront docetaxel (DOC) + ADT benefit consequently providing strong evidence for guidelines modifications. Second, similar benefit results were demonstrated when using upfront abiraterone acetate + ADT in mHNPC. SUMMARY Both DOC-based chemotherapy and abiraterone acetate provide survival improvement when added to ADT in mHNPC. In the current article, we review the evidence behind this progress and discuss ongoing clinical controversies.
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31
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Roy S, Morgan SC. Who Dies From Prostate Cancer? An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:630-636. [PMID: 31130340 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise the presenting features of those who ultimately die from prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program database diagnosed with PCa between 1990 and 2015. Patients were assigned to the following clinical risk groups: low-risk localised (LRL), intermediate-risk localised (IRL), high-risk localised (HRL), node-positive and metastatic (M1). Before 2004, in the absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score data, patients with cT1-T2aN0M0 and low-grade PCa were classified as LRL, those with cT3-4N0M0 or high-grade PCa were classified as HRL and all others with N0M0 disease were classified as IRL. The primary aim was to describe the risk group distribution of those who ultimately died from PCa compared with those who were diagnosed with PCa over the study period. A secondary aim was to estimate PCa-specific survival (PCSS) and evaluate the association of risk group with PCSS. RESULTS Among a total of 811 487 patients who were diagnosed with PCa, data sufficient for risk group determination were present in 635 733 patients. The median follow-up was 83 months. The overall risk group distribution at diagnosis was as follows: LRL 10.5%, IRL 49.7%, HRL 34.8%, node-positive 1.5% and M1 3.5%. The risk group distribution of those who died from PCa was 3.9%, 29.4%, 40.9%, 3.2% and 22.8%, respectively. Compared with LRL PCa, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for PCSS was 1.40 (1.33-1.46) in IRL, 3.76 (3.60-3.93) in HRL, 11.87 (11.14-12.65) in node-positive and 37.12 (35.43-38.88) in M1. CONCLUSIONS In this large contemporary cohort, patients with M1, node-positive and HRL disease accounted for two-thirds of all deaths from PCa. De novo metastatic PCa was associated with an approximately 40-fold increased risk of death from PCa compared with LRL PCa. Efforts to improve PCSS will therefore depend largely on improvements in therapy in those with M1, node-positive and HRL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S C Morgan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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32
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Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (LATITUDE): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:686-700. [PMID: 30987939 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the interim analyses of the LATITUDE study, the addition of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) led to a significant improvement in overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival compared with placebos plus ADT in men with newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Here, we present long-term survival outcomes and safety of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and ADT from the final analysis of the LATITUDE study. METHODS This is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial done at 235 sites in 34 countries. Eligible patients (men aged ≥18 years) had newly diagnosed, histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate cancer with metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2, and at least two of the three high-risk prognostic factors (Gleason score of ≥8, presence of three or more lesions on bone scan, or presence of measurable visceral metastasis except lymph node metastasis). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive abiraterone acetate (1000 mg) once daily orally plus prednisone (5 mg) once daily orally and ADT (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group) or matching placebos plus ADT (placebo group); each treatment cycle was 28 days. Randomisation was done by a centralised interactive web response system in a country-by-country scheme using permuted block randomisation, stratified by presence of visceral disease and ECOG performance status. The coprimary endpoint of overall survival was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01715285 and is complete. FINDINGS Between Feb 12, 2013, and Dec 11, 2014, 1209 patients were screened, of whom ten were ineligible because of study site violations. 1199 patients were randomly assigned to either the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group (n=597) or placebo group (n=602). After the results of the first interim analysis (cutoff date Oct 31, 2016), the study was unmasked to patients and investigators, and patients in the placebo group were allowed to cross over to receive abiraterone acetate and prednisone plus ADT treatment as per a protocol amendment (Feb 15, 2017) in an open-label extension phase of the study (up to 18 months from the protocol amendment). This final analysis (data cutoff Aug 15, 2018) was done after a median follow-up of 51·8 months (IQR 47·2-57·0) and 618 deaths (275 [46%] of 597 in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group and 343 [57%] of 602 in the placebo group). Overall survival was significantly longer in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group (median 53·3 months [95% CI 48·2-not reached]) than in the placebo group (36·5 months [33·5-40·0]), with a hazard ratio of 0·66 (95% CI 0·56-0·78; p<0·0001). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypertension (125 [21%] in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group vs 60 [10%] in the placebo group vs three [4%] in the 72 patients who crossed over from placebo to abiraterone acetate plus prednisone) and hypokalaemia (70 [12%] vs ten [2%] vs two [3%]). Serious adverse events of any grade occurred in 192 (32%) of 597 patients in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group, 151 (25%) of 602 in the placebo group, and four (6%) of 72 in the crossover group. The most common treatment-related serious adverse event was hypokalaemia (four [1%] patients in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group and none in the other groups). Treatment-related deaths occurred in three (<1%) patients each in the abiraterone acetate plus prednisone group (gastric ulcer perforation, sudden death, and cerebrovascular accident) and the placebo group (sudden death, cerebrovascular accident, and pneumonia), with none in the crossover group. INTERPRETATION The combination of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone with ADT was associated with significantly longer overall survival than placebos plus ADT in men with newly diagnosed high-risk mCSPC and had a manageable safety profile. These findings support the use of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone as a standard of care in patients with high-risk mCSPC. FUNDING Janssen Research & Development.
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33
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Management of non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Marret G, Doucet L, Hennequin C, Fizazi K, Culine S. Abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Efficacy and safety in unselected patients. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2018; 17:37-42. [PMID: 30347333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone acetate (AA), an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, is now a standard of care for men with metastatic, castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Data exploring real-world toxicity and outcomes are scarce. METHODS Retrospective study on unselected patients with mCRPC on AA plus steroids. RESULTS 93 patients were included in the study. Median duration of treatment by AA was 7.5 months (95% CI 5.7-12) among the 58 patients pretreated with chemotherapy, versus 12.7 months ( 95% CI 8.2-35.9) among the 33 chemo-naive patients. Median survivals would reach 13.4 months (95% CI 10.2-19.1) and 36.4 months (95% CI 24.7-41.5) respectively. Rates of hypokalemia, peripheral edema, hypertension, cardiac failure, and overall survival assessments in patients with and without prior chemotherapy were similar to that previously reported in phase 3 randomized trials. The median survival time without adverse event of special interest was 7.5 months for hypokalemia and hypertension, and 5.3 months for liver-function test abnormalities (it was not reached for cardiac disorders). CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence for the survival benefits of AA with a low frequency of additional adverse events among unselected patients. In patients who have not developed hypokalemia or a transaminase increase within 7.5 and 5.3 months respectively, a lighter systematic monitoring may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Marret
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Doucet
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
| | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphane Culine
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
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35
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Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer includes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from hormone naïve or hormone sensitive to castration resistant, both containing populations of men who have demonstrable metastatic and non-metastatic states. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent level 1 evidence demonstrates that the addition of chemotherapy or abiraterone acetate to ADT results in significant survival advantage as compared with ADT alone. Furthermore, in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC), two second-generation anti-androgens, apalutamide and enzalutamide, when used in combination with ADT, have demonstrated a significant benefit in metastasis-free survival. Here, we review the most recent studies leading to these significant changes in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Ritch
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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36
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Zhao S, Leonardson A, Geybels MS, McDaniel AS, Yu M, Kolb S, Zong H, Carter K, Siddiqui J, Cheng A, Wright JL, Pritchard CC, Lance R, Troyer D, Fan J, Ostrander EA, Dai JY, Tomlins SA, Feng Z, Stanford JL. A five-CpG DNA methylation score to predict metastatic-lethal outcomes in men treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:1084-1091. [PMID: 29956356 PMCID: PMC6120526 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic biomarkers for localized prostate cancer (PCa) could improve personalized medicine. Our group previously identified a panel of differentially methylated CpGs in primary tumor tissue that predict disease aggressiveness, and here we further validate these biomarkers. METHODS Pyrosequencing was used to assess CpG methylation of eight biomarkers previously identified using the HumanMethylation450 array; CpGs with strongly correlated (r >0.70) results were considered technically validated. Logistic regression incorporating the validated CpGs and Gleason sum was used to define and lock a final model to stratify men with metastatic-lethal versus non-recurrent PCa in a training dataset. Coefficients from the final model were then used to construct a DNA methylation score, which was evaluated by logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses in an independent testing dataset. RESULTS Five CpGs were technically validated and all were retained (P < 0.05) in the final model. The 5-CpG and Gleason sum coefficients were used to calculate a methylation score, which was higher in men with metastatic-lethal progression (P = 6.8 × 10-6 ) in the testing dataset. For each unit increase in the score there was a four-fold increase in risk of metastatic-lethal events (odds ratio, OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 1.8-14.3). At 95% specificity, sensitivity was 74% for the score compared to 53% for Gleason sum alone. The score demonstrated better prediction performance (AUC = 0.91; pAUC = 0.037) compared to Gleason sum alone (AUC = 0.87; pAUC = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The DNA methylation score improved upon Gleason sum for predicting metastatic-lethal progression and holds promise for risk stratification of men with aggressive tumors. This prognostic score warrants further evaluation as a tool for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesBiostatistics and Computational Biology BranchResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Amy Leonardson
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Milan S. Geybels
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
- Department of EpidemiologyGROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew S. McDaniel
- Departments of Pathology and UrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Ming Yu
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Hong Zong
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Kelly Carter
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Departments of Pathology and UrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Jonathan L. Wright
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Colin C. Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Raymond Lance
- Department of UrologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginia
| | - Dean Troyer
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Molecular Cell BiologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginia
| | - Jian‐Bing Fan
- Department of OncologyIllumina, Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMaryland
| | - James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
| | - Scott A. Tomlins
- Departments of Pathology and UrologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Ziding Feng
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
- Department of BiostatisticsMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchison Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashington
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Washington School of Public HealthSeattleWashington
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Kishan AU, Tendulkar RD, Tran PT, Parker CC, Nguyen PL, Stephenson AJ, Carrie C. Optimizing the Timing of Salvage Postprostatectomy Radiotherapy and the Use of Concurrent Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 1:3-18. [PMID: 31100226 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Currently, salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is the only known curative intervention for men with recurrent disease following prostatectomy. Critical issues in the optimal selection and management of men being considered for SRT include the threshold prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value at which to initiate treatment (ie, pre-SRT PSA) and the role of concurrent hormonal therapy (HT). OBJECTIVE To review the published evidence pertaining to the optimal timing for SRT and the role of concurrent HT. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and guideline statements from professional organizations were queried from January 1, 2000 through January 10, 2018. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thirty-three independent reports, including two randomized trials evaluating HT with SRT, were identified. Retrospective data suggest that SRT initiation at lower pre-SRT PSA levels is associated with better clinical outcomes. Prospective data suggest an overall survival benefit with concurrent HT that manifests during long-term follow-up, with the caveat that hypothesis-generating subgroup analyses suggest that this benefit may be limited to patients with higher pre-SRT PSA levels. Patients with adverse risk factors, such as Gleason grade group 4-5 disease, are likely to benefit the most from earlier SRT initiation and/or the use of HT. CONCLUSIONS Given the limitations of the available data, it is imperative that physicians participate in shared decision-making, with the recommendation tailored for each man's desire to maximize oncologic benefit (with a risk of overtreatment) versus potential quality-of-life optimization (with a risk of undertreatment). Within that framework, a significant body of retrospective data supports initiation of SRT at low pre-SRT PSA values, without an arbitrary absolute threshold. Prospective data suggest a benefit of HT, but this benefit may be greatest in patients with a pre-SRT PSA that is higher than the typical level in most patients receiving "early" SRT. Further research is necessary before absolute recommendations can be made. PATIENT SUMMARY Two ways to potentially improve outcomes following salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer that recurs after prostatectomy are to start treatment at a lower prostate-specific antigen level and to use concurrent hormonal therapy. Our review suggests that the available evidence is imperfect, but highlights that both measures are likely to improve clinical outcomes in general, but perhaps not uniformly and/or consistently for all patients. Physician-patient shared decision-making and further research are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | | | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Parker
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Frees S, Akamatsu S, Bidnur S, Khalaf D, Chavez-Munoz C, Struss W, Eigl BJ, Gleave M, Chi KN, So A. The impact of time to metastasis on overall survival in patients with prostate cancer. World J Urol 2018; 36:1039-1046. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Vlachostergios PJ, Paddock M, Molina AM. Molecular Targeted Therapies of Prostate Cancer. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LIBRARY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64096-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee DJ, Shore ND. Options After Chemotherapy for Patients with Metastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78646-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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von Eyben FE, Roviello G, Kiljunen T, Uprimny C, Virgolini I, Kairemo K, Joensuu T. Third-line treatment and 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 45:496-508. [PMID: 29247284 PMCID: PMC5787223 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims There is a controversy as to the relative efficacy of 177Lu prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) and third-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of our systematic review was to elucidate whether 177Lu-PSMA RLT and third-line treatment have similar effects and adverse effects (PROSPERO ID CRD42017067743). Methods The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches in Pubmed and Embase selected articles up to September 2017. A search in ClinicalTrials.gov indicated ongoing studies. The meta-analysis used the random-effects model. Results Twelve studies including 669 patients reported 177Lu-PSMA RLT. Overall, 43% of the patients had a maximum decline of PSA of ≥50% following treatment with 177Lu-PSMA RLT. The treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA for imaging and therapy (I&T) had mainly transient adverse effects. Sixteen studies including 1338 patients reported third-line treatment. Overall, 21% of the patients had a best decline of PSA of ≥50% following third-line treatment. After third-line treatment with enzalutamide and cabazitaxel, adverse effects caused discontinuation of treatment for 10% to 23% of the patients. 177Lu-PSMA RLT gave a best PSA decline ≥50% more often than third-line treatment (mean 44% versus 22%, p = 0.0002, t test). 177Lu-PSMA RLT gave objective remission more often than third-line treatment (overall 31 of 109 patients versus 43 of 275 patients, p = 0.004, χ2 test). Median survival was longer after 177Lu-PSMA RLT than after third-line treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (mean 14 months versus 12 months, p = 0.32, t test). Adverse effects caused discontinuation of treatment more often for third-line treatment than for 177Lu-PSMA RLT (22 of 66 patients versus 0 of 469 patients, p < 0.001, χ2 test). Conclusions As for patients with mCRPC, treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617 RTL and 177Lu-PSMA I&T gave better effects and caused fewer adverse effects than third-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
- Department Medical, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Christian Uprimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irene Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hamilou Z, Baciarello G, Fizazi K. Treatment of Castration-naive Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:518-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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González-Chavarría I, Fernandez E, Gutierrez N, González-Horta EE, Sandoval F, Cifuentes P, Castillo C, Cerro R, Sanchez O, Toledo JR. LOX-1 activation by oxLDL triggers an epithelial mesenchymal transition and promotes tumorigenic potential in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:34-43. [PMID: 29107109 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is related to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer with high malignancy stages or metastasis. Recent results demonstrated that LOX-1, a receptor associated with obesity and atherosclerosis, is overexpressed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, high levels of oxLDL, the main ligand for LOX-1, have been found in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of LOX-1 in prostate cancer has not been unraveled completely yet. Here, we show that LOX-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and its activation by oxLDL promotes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, through of lowered expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and plakoglobin) and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, MMP-2 and MMP-9). Consequently, LOX-1 activation by oxLDL promotes actin cytoskeleton restructuration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity inducing prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. Additionally, LOX-1 increased the tumorigenic potential of prostate cancer cells and its expression was necessary for tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxLDL/LOX-1 could be ones of mechanisms that explain why obese patients with prostate cancer have an accelerated tumor progression and a greater probability of developing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Chavarría
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - E Fernandez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Gutierrez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - E E González-Horta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Sandoval
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - P Cifuentes
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Castillo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Cerro
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile
| | - O Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepión, Concepción, Chile.
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Fontenot PA, Nehra A, Parker W, Wyre H, Mirza M, Duchene DA, Holzbeierlein J, Thrasher JB, Van Veldhuizen P, Lee EK. Metastatic prostate cancer in the modern era of PSA screening. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:416-421. [PMID: 28338310 PMCID: PMC5462131 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To characterize initial presentation and PSA screening status in a contemporary cohort of men treated for metastatic prostate cancer at our institution. Materials and methods We reviewed records of 160 men treated for metastatic prostate cancer between 2008-2014 and assessed initial presentation, categorizing patients into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 presented with localized disease and received treatment. These men suffered biochemical recurrence late (>1 year) or earlier (<1 year), respectively, and developed metastases. Groups 3 and 4 had asymptomatic and symptomatic metastases at the outset of their diagnosis. Patients with a first PSA at age 55 or younger were considered to have guideline-directed screening. Results Complete records were available on 157 men for initial presentation and 155 men for PSA screening. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 included 27 (17%), 7 (5%), 69 (44%) and 54 (34%) patients, respectively. Twenty (13%) patients received guideline-directed PSA screening, 5/155 (3%) patients presented with metastases prior to age 55 with their first PSA, and 130/155 (84%) had their first PSA after age 55, of which 122/130 (94%) had metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion Despite widespread screening, most men treated for metastatic prostate cancer at our institution presented with metastases rather than progressed after definitive treatment. Furthermore, 25 (16%) patients received guideline-directed PSA screening at or before age 55. These data highlight that, despite mass screening efforts, patients treated for incurable disease at our institution may not have been a result of a failed screening test, but a failure to be screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Fontenot
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Avinash Nehra
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - William Parker
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hadley Wyre
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Moben Mirza
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - David A Duchene
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Holzbeierlein
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Peter Van Veldhuizen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Eugene K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Helgstrand JT, Røder MA, Klemann N, Toft BG, Brasso K, Vainer B, Iversen P. Diagnostic characteristics of lethal prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:18-26. [PMID: 28779631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic characteristics of men who eventually die from prostate cancer (PCa) and the extent to which early diagnostic strategies have affected these characteristics are unclear. We aimed to investigate trends in survival and clinical presentation at diagnosis in men who eventually died from PCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on the national database, the Danish Prostate Cancer Registry, a nationwide population-based study of all 19,487 men who died from PCa in Denmark between 1995 and 2013 was conducted. Trends in median survival and trends in age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, and Gleason score (GS) at diagnosis were analysed. RESULTS A total of 46.9%, 16.8%, and 36.3% had metastatic (M+), locally advanced/lymph node positive (LaN+), and localised disease, respectively, at diagnosis. Only 0.15% had localised disease, GS ≤ 6 and PSA<10. Over time, the proportion of men with M+ disease at diagnosis decreased from 54.0-38.3% (p < 0.0001), whereas the proportion LaN + disease increased from 8.6-27.3% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of localised disease remained stable at 33.2-41.9%. Median survival increased 2.11 years from 1.88 (95% CI: 1.68-2.08) in 1995 to 3.99 (95% CI: 3.71-4.28) years in 2013, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS In a large population-based study, the results confirmed concurrent literature that the majority of men who eventually died from PCa had LaN+ or M+ disease at diagnosis. The proportion of men with M+ disease at diagnosis decreased significantly over time, parallelled by an increase in median survival. Taken together, this indicates a lead-time effect on survival, which presently, however, is not substantial enough to result in a reduced PCa-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas Helgstrand
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole maaløes vej 24, Section 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole maaløes vej 24, Section 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nina Klemann
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole maaløes vej 24, Section 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Grønkær Toft
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole maaløes vej 24, Section 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ben Vainer
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole maaløes vej 24, Section 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Assessment of a prognostic model, PSA metrics and toxicities in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer using data from Project Data Sphere (PDS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170544. [PMID: 28151974 PMCID: PMC5289419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic models in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may have clinical utility. Using data from PDS, we aimed to 1) validate a contemporary prognostic model (Templeton et al., 2014) 2) evaluate prognostic impact of concomitant medications and PSA decrease 3) evaluate factors associated with docetaxel toxicity. Methods We accessed data on 2,449 mCRPC patients in PDS. The existing model was validated with a continuous risk score, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and corresponding time-dependent Area under the Curve (tAUC). The prognostic effects of concomitant medications and PSA response were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. One year tAUC was calculated for multivariable prognostic model optimized to our data. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess associations with grade 3/4 adverse events (G3/4 AE) at baseline and after cycle 1 of treatment. Results Despite limitations of the PDS data set, the existing model was validated; one year AUC, was 0.68 (95% CI 95% CI, .66 to .71) to 0.78 (95%CI, .74 to .81) depending on the subset of datasets used. A new model was constructed with an AUC of .74 (.72 to .77). Concomitant medications low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were associated with poorer survival, Metformin and Cox2 inhibitors were associated with better outcome. PSA response was associated with survival, the effect of which was greatest early in follow-up. Age was associated with baseline risk of G3/4 AE. The odds of experiencing G3/4 AE later on in treatment were significantly greater for subjects who experienced a G3/4 AE in their first cycle (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.53–4.91, p < .0001). Conclusion Despite heterogeneous data collection protocols, PDS provides access to large datasets for novel outcomes analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate its utility for validating existing models and novel model generation including the utility of concomitant medications in outcome analyses, as well as the effect of PSA response on survival and toxicity prediction.
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Böker A, Kuczyk MA, Kramer MW, Merseburger AS, Krüger K, Imkamp F, von Klot CA. True Incidence of Gleason 6 Pathology in Patients with Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Adv Ther 2017; 34:171-179. [PMID: 27889882 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence from histology studies regarding random prostate biopsies hint toward a relationship between higher biopsy Gleason score and the development of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, prostate biopsy underestimates final pathology in about one-third of patients. We evaluated the final whole gland pathology from radical prostatectomy exclusively in order to assess the true risk of progressing to the mCRPC state for patients with confirmed Gleason ≤6 prostate cancer. METHODS Patients with confirmed mCRPC from our outpatient clinic were retrospectively evaluated with regard to whole gland pathology and the occurrence of Gleason 6 histology from 1995 to 2015. Conversely, patients with confirmed Gleason 6 pathology from our institutional database were followed up for the development of mCRPC from 2001 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank test were applied for survival analysis. The binomial test was used to evaluate occurrence rates of Gleason ≤6 pathologies in mCRPC patients. RESULTS Out of 62 patients with mCRPC none had confirmed Gleason 6 pathology on whole gland histology of the prostate. Out of 86 patients with confirmed Gleason 6 pathology none developed an mCRPC over the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The development of mCRPC in patients with true Gleason 6 pathology is very rare and could not be confirmed in our series. This finding may have important implications in future treatment planning.
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Yamada Y, Matsubara N, Tabata KI, Satoh T, Kamiya N, Suzuki H, Kawahara T, Uemura H, Yano A, Kawakami S. Abiraterone acetate after progression with enzalutamide in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multi-center retrospective analysis. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:471. [PMID: 27756383 PMCID: PMC5069876 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide are promising agents for patients with pre- and post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Several retrospective analysis suggested clinical cross-resistance between these agents in patients previously treated with docetaxel. However, data on the antitumor activity of AA as a second androgen receptor-targeting new agent after the failure of enzalutamide in chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients is unavailable. METHODS Patients with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC who were treated with AA after disease progression with enzalutamide, were retrospectively reviewed at five institutions. Primary outcome measure was the rate of any prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline. Secondary outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with subsequent AA treatment. We also performed correlation analysis between previous PSA response, PFS duration to enzalutamide and subsequent PSA response, PFS duration to AA. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were identified. Any PSA declines and PSA decline ≥50 % with AA treatment, were observed in 36 and 7 % of patients, respectively. Median PFS with initial enzalutamide was 5.0 months (95 % CI 3.7-6.4 months), and for subsequent AA treatment was 3.4 months (95 % CI 0.8-6.0 months). Median OS from initiation of AA was 9.1 months (95 % CI 5.6-12.5 months). No significant correlations were observed between these PSA responses (Pearson r = -0.67, p = 0.82) and PFS duration (Kendall tau r = 0.33, p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS The PSA decline with subsequent AA treatment in chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients after a failure of enzalutamide was modest, however, the PFS and OS with subsequent AA treatment were comparable to those of enzalutamide previously reported as a second androgen receptor-targeting new agent after AA failure. The PSA response and PFS duration to previous enzalutamide treatment did not predict those of subsequent AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamada
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Tabata
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takefumi Satoh
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoto Kamiya
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akihiro Yano
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawakami
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Dosoretz AP, Yu JB. Incorporating Androgen Deprivation With Dose-Escalated External-Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:1718-22. [PMID: 27001587 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.66.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.A 71-year-old man was seen by his primary care physician for routine evaluation in early 2015. On digital rectal examination, his prostate was moderately enlarged, although he had no obvious areas of palpable disease. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 7.1 ng/mL. A standard ultrasound-guided biopsy of his prostate revealed a 60-mL prostate volume and a single core (out of 12) of Gleason 3 + 3 disease. He chose to undergo surveillance. Six months later, his PSA level had risen to 10.0 ng/mL; there was still no palpable disease on digital rectal examination. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of his prostate and pelvis revealed two suspicious intraprostatic lesions with restricted diffusion, focal and earlier enhancement with contrast than adjacent normal prostate, and hypointense features on T2-weighted imaging; these findings were highly suspicious for high-grade prostate cancer (Fig 1). Magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy of each lesion yielded a total of four positive biopsy cores of Gleason 4 + 3 = 7, involving 50% to 80% of each core, with perineural invasion noted. The patient's medical history is notable for overweight (but not morbidly obese), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cataract surgeries, and inguinal hernia repair, but the patient is otherwise healthy. He has decided against prostatectomy and brachytherapy because of strong personal preference. In particular, he wanted to avoid anesthesia, and was concerned about the potential for greater urinary incontinence and/or urinary irritation associated with these treatments compared with external-beam radiotherapy (RT).(1,2).
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Cai J, Shen G, Liu S, Meng Q. Downregulation of HMGA2 inhibits cellular proliferation and invasion, improves cellular apoptosis in prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:699-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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