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Mahadevan A, Tipler A, Jones H. Shared developmental pathways of the placenta and fetal heart. Placenta 2023; 141:35-42. [PMID: 36604258 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) remain the most common class of birth defect worldwide, affecting 1 in every 110 live births. A host of clinical and morphological indicators of placental dysfunction are observed in pregnancies complicated by fetal CHD and, with the recent emergence of single-cell sequencing capabilities, the molecular and physiological associations between the embryonic heart and developing placenta are increasingly evident. In CHD pregnancies, a hostile intrauterine environment may negatively influence and alter fetal development. Placental maldevelopment and dysfunction creates this hostile in-utero environment and may manifest in the development of various subtypes of CHD, with downstream perfusion and flow-related alterations leading to yet further disruption in placental structure and function. The adverse in-utero environment of CHD-complicated pregnancies is well studied, however the specific etiological role that the placenta plays in CHD development remains unclear. Many mouse and rat models have been used to characterize the relationship between CHD and placental dysfunction, but these paradigms present substantial limitations in the assessment of both the heart and placenta. Improvements in non-invasive placental assessment can mitigate these limitations and drive human-specific investigation in relation to fetal and placental development. Here, we review the clinical, structural, and molecular relationships between CHD and placental dysfunction, the CHD subtype-dependence of these changes, and the future of Placenta-Heart axis modeling and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mahadevan
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa Tipler
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA
| | - Helen Jones
- Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida, USA.
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2
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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: About a Postnatal Death. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050821. [PMID: 36899964 PMCID: PMC10000365 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease that is associated with high mortality rates in the early neonatal period and during surgical treatments. This is mainly due to missed prenatal diagnosis, delayed diagnostic suspicion, and consequent unsuccessful therapeutic intervention. CASE REPORT twenty-six hours after birth, a female newborn died of severe respiratory failure. No cardiac abnormalities and no genetic diseases had been evidenced or documented during intrauterine life. The case became of medico-legal concern for the assessment of alleged medical malpractice. Therefore, a forensic autopsy was performed. RESULTS the macroscopic study of the heart revealed the hypoplasia of the left cardiac cavities with the left ventricle (LV) reduced to a slot and a right ventricular cavity that simulated the presence of a single and unique ventricular chamber. The predominance of the left heart was evident. CONCLUSIONS HLHS is a rare condition that is incompatible with life, with very high mortality from cardiorespiratory insufficiency that occurs soon after birth. The prompt diagnosis of HLHS during pregnancy is crucial in managing the disease with surgery.
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Van den Eynde J, Bartelse S, Rijnberg FM, Kutty S, Jongbloed MRM, de Bruin C, Hazekamp MG, Le Cessie S, Roest AAW. Somatic growth in single ventricle patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:186-199. [PMID: 36200280 PMCID: PMC10092582 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To map somatic growth patterns throughout Fontan palliation and summarise evidence on its key modifiers. METHODS Databases were searched for relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2021. Height and weight z scores at each time point (birth, Glenn procedure, Fontan procedure and >5 years after Fontan completion) were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. A random effects meta-regression model was fitted to model the trend in z scores over time. RESULTS Nineteen studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 2006 participants. The z scores for height and weight were markedly reduced from birth to the interstage period, but recovered by about 50% following the Glenn procedure. At >10 years after the Fontan procedure, the z scores for weight seemed to normalise despite persistent lower height, resulting in increased body mass index. The review revealed a number of modifiers of somatic growth, including aggressive nutritional management, timing of Glenn/Fontan, prompt resolution of complications and obesity prevention programmes in adolescence and adulthood. CONCLUSION This review mapped the somatic growth of single ventricle patients and summarised key modifiers that may be amendable to improvement. These data provide guidance on strategies to further optimise somatic growth in this population and may serve as a benchmark for clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Van den Eynde
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simone Bartelse
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Friso M Rijnberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Hazekamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Data sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arno A W Roest
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fresch R, Courtney J, Brockway H, Wilson RL, Jones H. HAND1 knockdown disrupts trophoblast global gene expression. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15553. [PMID: 36695714 PMCID: PMC9875743 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births annually, and CHD pregnancies carry increased risk of developing pathologies of abnormal placentation. We previously reported significant developmental impacts of disrupting Hand1, a gene associated with CHD, expression in placenta trophoblast and endothelial cells in multiple mouse models. In this study, we aimed to build upon this knowledge and characterize the mechanistic impacts of disrupting HAND1 on human placenta trophoblast and vascular endothelial cell gene expression. HAND1 gene expression was silenced in BeWo cells, a choriocarcinoma model of human cytotrophoblasts, (n = 3-9 passages) and isolated human placental microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC; n = 3 passages), with HAND1 siRNA for 96 h. Cells were harvested, mRNA isolated and RNA sequencing performed using the Illumina NextSeq 550 platform. Normalization and differential gene expression analyses were conducted using general linear modeling in edgeR packages. Statistical significance was determined using a log2 fold change of >1.0 or < -1.0 and unadjusted p-value ≤0.05. Panther DB was used for overrepresentation analysis, and String DB for protein association network analysis. There was downregulation of 664 genes, and upregulation of 59 genes in BeWo cells with direct HAND1 knockdown. Overrepresentation analysis identified disruption to pathways including cell differentiation, localization, and cell projection organization. In contrast, only seven genes were changed with direct HAND1 knockdown in HPMVECs. Disruption to HAND1 expression significantly alters gene expression profile in trophoblast but not endothelial cells. This data provides further evidence that future studies on genetic perturbations in CHDs should consider the extra-embryonic tissue in addition to the fetal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fresch
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Jennifer Courtney
- Center for Fetal and Placental ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Heather Brockway
- Center for Scientific ReviewNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Research in Perinatal OutcomesUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Helen Jones
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Research in Perinatal OutcomesUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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5
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Wójtowicz A, Ochoda-Mazur A, Mroczek T, Huras H, Włoch A. Near-Term Cerebroplacental Doppler, Heart Morphology, and Neonatal Biometry in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:2087-2096. [PMID: 34842288 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze near-term cerebroplacental Doppler, heart morphology, and neonatal biometry in isolated hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) relative to healthy controls. METHODS This retrospective study included 55 fetuses with HLHS (29 with mitral valve stenosis [MS]/aortic valve atresia [AA], 14 with MS/aortic valve stenosis, and 12 with mitral valve atresia [MA]/[AA]) diagnosed prenatally between 2010 and 2019 at 2 referral centers and 101 healthy controls. Ultrasound assessment included umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), with neonatal weight, length, head circumference (HC), Apgar score, and UA pH measured at birth. RESULTS In total, 32.7% of HLHS fetuses had abnormal MCA-PI and UA-PI, and 38.2% had CPRs below the fifth percentile before birth. All tested Doppler parameters differed from those of the healthy controls (P ≤ .01). Birth weight and length were comparable between HLHS and control fetuses, whereas birth HCs were smaller in the HLHS group than in the control group (P = .018). In both groups, increased UA-PI correlated with lower birth weight, but only HLHS fetuses with UA-PI > the 95th percentile had a lower median HC at birth than those with normal UA-PI (P = .045). The median UA-PI percentile was higher in fetuses with MA than in fetuses with MS (P = .015). The ascending aortic diameter correlated with birth weight (P = .036) and birth length (P = .039). CONCLUSION Abnormal cerebroplacental hemodynamics are evident in a high percentage of near-term fetuses with HLHS, and increased placental resistance may contribute to birth weight and HC. Moreover, heart morphology may impact placental circulation and neonatal biometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wójtowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Polish-American Children's Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Włoch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ruda Slaska, Medical University of Silesia, Ruda Śląska, Poland
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Placental and fetal characteristics of the Ohia mouse line recapitulate outcomes in human hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Placenta 2021; 117:131-138. [PMID: 34890862 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect worldwide. The morbidity and mortality associated with these defects is compounded by increased frequency of fetal growth abnormalities. In the Ohia mouse model of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the double homozygous genotype is embryonically lethal at mid-pregnancy; a time in which optimal establishment of the placenta is crucial to fetal survival. We aimed to characterize placental and fetal growth and development in the double heterozygous genotype (Sap130m/+Pcdha9m/+). There was a shift in frequency of fetuses with reduced weight near term in the Sap130m/+Pcdha9m/+ fetuses compared to wildtype, driven by lower fetal weight in male fetuses compared to female. This shift in fetal weight distribution in the Sap130m/+Pcdha9m/+ fetuses was associated with reduced labyrinth region area (P < 0.001) and reduced fetal capillary density (P < 0.001) in the placentas, the latter being significantly lower in male Sap130m/+Pcdha9m/+ placentas compared to female. mRNA expression of several nutrient transporters was also lower in placentas from males compared to placentas from females, irrespective of genotype. Overall, this data shows that whilst the double heterozygous fetuses do not carry heart defects, placental development and function is impaired, particularly in males. Such differences are similar to findings in studies of human placentas and highlights the importance of this mouse model in continuing to understand the developmental links and disruptions to the heart-placenta axis.
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Conditional Mutation of Hand1 in the Mouse Placenta Disrupts Placental Vascular Development Resulting in Fetal Loss in Both Early and Late Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179532. [PMID: 34502440 PMCID: PMC8431056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect approximately 1% of all live births, and often require complex surgeries at birth. We have previously demonstrated abnormal placental vascularization in human placentas from fetuses diagnosed with CHD. Hand1 has roles in both heart and placental development and is implicated in CHD development. We utilized two conditionally activated Hand1A126fs/+ murine mutant models to investigate the importance of cell-specific Hand1 on placental development in early (Nkx2-5Cre) and late (Cdh5Cre) pregnancy. Embryonic lethality occurred in Nkx2-5Cre/Hand1A126fs/+ embryos with marked fetal demise occurring after E10.5 due to a failure in placental labyrinth formation and therefore the inability to switch to hemotrophic nutrition or maintain sufficient oxygen transfer to the fetus. Labyrinthine vessels failed to develop appropriately and vessel density was significantly lower by day E12.5. In late pregnancy, the occurrence of Cdh5Cre+;Hand1A126fs/+ fetuses was reduced from 29% at E12.5 to 20% at E18.5 and remaining fetuses exhibited reduced fetal and placental weights, labyrinth vessel density and placenta angiogenic factor mRNA expression. Our results demonstrate for the first time the necessity of Hand1 in both establishment and remodeling of the exchange area beyond early pregnancy and in patterning vascularization of the placental labyrinth crucial for maintaining pregnancy and successful fetal growth.
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8
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Corno AF. Introduction to the series: pre-natal diagnosis in congenital heart defects. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2144-2147. [PMID: 34584886 PMCID: PMC8429873 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Corno
- Research Professor, Houston Children's Heart Institute, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, University Texas Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Children Born with Congenital Heart Defects and Growth Restriction at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093056. [PMID: 32354021 PMCID: PMC7246925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newborns with congenital heart defects tend to have a higher risk of growth restriction, which can be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the relation between congenital heart defects (CHD) and growth restriction at birth, most commonly estimated by its imperfect proxy small for gestational age (SGA), has not been conducted. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of children born with CHD that are small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: The search was carried out from inception until 31 March 2019 on Pubmed and Embase databases. Studies were screened and selected by two independent reviewers who used a predetermined data extraction form to obtain data from studies. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The database search identified 1783 potentially relevant publications, of which 38 studies were found to be relevant to the study question. A total of 18 studies contained sufficient data for a meta-analysis, which was done using a random effects model. Results: The pooled proportion of SGA in all CHD was 20% (95% CI 16%–24%) and 14% (95% CI 13%–16%) for isolated CHD. Proportion of SGA varied across different CHD ranging from 30% (95% CI 24%–37%) for Tetralogy of Fallot to 12% (95% CI 7%–18%) for isolated atrial septal defect. The majority of studies included in the meta-analysis were population-based studies published after 2010. Conclusion: The overall proportion of SGA in all CHD was 2-fold higher whereas for isolated CHD, 1.4-fold higher than the expected proportion in the general population. Although few studies have looked at SGA for different subtypes of CHD, the observed variability of SGA by subtypes suggests that growth restriction at birth in CHD may be due to different pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Graupner O, Helfrich F, Ostermayer E, Lobmaier SM, Ortiz JU, Ewert P, Wacker-Gussmann A, Haller B, Axt-Fliedner R, Enzensberger C, Abel K, Karge A, Oberhoffer R, Kuschel B. Application of the INTERGROWTH-21st chart compared to customized growth charts in fetuses with left heart obstruction: late trimester biometry, cerebroplacental hemodynamics and perinatal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:601-613. [PMID: 31139902 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Birth weight (BW) is crucial for surgical outcome in children with left heart obstruction (LHO). Head circumference (HC) is believed to correlate with the neurocognitive outcome in LHO. Our aim was to investigate the application of international standardized growth charts from the INTERGROWTH-21st project in comparison to customized growth charts in fetal LHO. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 60 singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal LHO. For the z score calculation of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and biometric parameters, the INTERGROWTH-21st calculator was used as well as algorithms of customized growth charts. Antenatal measurements were compared to newborn biometry and the association with fetal Doppler results (MCA PI: middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and CPR: cerebroplacental ratio) was examined. Furthermore, the ability of each antenatal chart to predict adverse perinatal outcome was evaluated. RESULTS At a mean gestational age of 37 weeks, all assessment charts showed significantly smaller mean values for antenatal head circumference (HC) z scores. Highest detection rate for restricted HC growth antenatally was achieved with Hadlock charts. MCA PI and CPR were not associated with neonatal HC. A significant association was observed between EFW and 1-year survival, independent of the considered growth chart. CONCLUSIONS Growth chart independently, antenatal HC did tend to be smaller in LHO fetuses. A significant association was observed between EFW and 1-year survival rate. Prospective investigations in CHD fetuses should be carried out with internationally standardized growth charts to better examine their prognostic value in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Graupner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Franziska Helfrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Ostermayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia M Lobmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier U Ortiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Wacker-Gussmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMedIS), University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Axt-Fliedner
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital UKGM, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Enzensberger
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital UKGM, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Abel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Karge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Bettina Kuschel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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11
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Alsaied T, Tseng S, King E, Hahn E, Divanovic A, Habli M, Cnota J. Effect of fetal hemodynamics on growth in fetuses with single ventricle or transposition of the great arteries. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 52:479-487. [PMID: 29057564 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As birth weight is a critical predictor of outcome in neonates with congenital heart defect (CHD), the common problem of poor fetal growth in this population is clinically important. However, it is not well understood and the impact of fetal hemodynamics on fetal growth and birth weight in those with CHD has not been assessed. In this study, we sought to evaluate the association between combined cardiac output (CCO) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility indices (PIs) and fetal growth in different subgroups of CHD, and to study the effects of fetal hemodynamics on late gestational weight gain. We hypothesized that fetuses with CHD will have lower CCO and be smaller at birth. METHODS This was a retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms from 67 fetuses diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS, n = 30), non-HLHS single ventricle (SV) (n = 20) or dextrotransposition of the great arteries (d-TGA, n = 17), compared with normal controls (n = 42). CCO was calculated using valvar area, velocity-time integral and heart rate and indexed to estimated fetal weight. MCA- and UA-PI were calculated using systolic, diastolic and mean velocities. Fetal biometry was recorded. Regression models were used to study trends in CCO, MCA- and UA-PI and fetal biometry over gestational age. To evaluate fetal weight gain in late gestation, Z-scores of estimated fetal weight at 30 weeks and birth weight were compared. Regression analysis was used to determine the associations of CCO, indexed CCO and MCA- and UA-PI at 30 weeks with birth weight, length and head circumference Z-scores, in addition to weight gain late in gestation. The gestational age of 30 weeks was chosen based on previous studies that found evidence of poor weight gain in fetuses with CHD in late gestation, starting at around that time. RESULTS CCO increased with gestation in all four groups but the rate was slower in fetuses with HLHS and in those with SV. MCA-PI was lower in fetuses with HLHS compared with in those with non-HLHS-SV throughout gestation, suggesting different cerebral blood distribution. At the end of gestation, rate of fetal weight gain slowed in those with HLHS and in those with SV (similar to CCO curves), and head circumference growth rate slowed in all groups but controls. CCO, indexed CCO and MCA- and UA-PI did not correlate with any of the birth measurements or with weight gain late in gestation in fetuses with CHD. CONCLUSIONS We found no associations of CCO or MCA- and UA-PI with late gestational weight gain or biometry at birth in fetuses with CHD. This does not support fetal hemodynamics as the primary driver of suboptimal fetal growth in fetuses with SV. Future research could further explain genetic and placental abnormalities that may affect fetal growth in those with CHD. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alsaied
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E King
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Hahn
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Divanovic
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Habli
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Cnota
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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12
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Alsaied T, Tseng S, King E, Hahn E, Divanovic A, Habli M, Cnota J. Hemodynamic adaptation to suboptimal fetal growth in patients with single ventricle physiology. Echocardiography 2018; 35:1378-1384. [PMID: 29886568 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fetuses with structurally normal heart and suboptimal fetal growth (SFG), umbilical artery vascular resistance increases as measured by umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI). The objective of this study is to compare hemodynamic responses to SFG in fetuses with single ventricle (SV) and controls with structurally normal heart. METHODS Fetal echocardiograms around 30 weeks of gestation were reviewed. UA-PI and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI) were calculated. SFG was defined as a birth weight below 25th percentile for gestational age. RESULTS Studies from 92 fetuses were reviewed-SV (n = 50) and controls (n = 42). The prevalence of SFG was higher in SV compared to controls (46% vs 21%, P = .02). In patients with normal heart and SFG, UAPI was significantly higher than normal controls (P = .003) suggesting increased placental vascular resistance. In SV with SFG there was no difference in UAPI compared to SV without SFG. There was no difference in MCA-PI between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The hemodynamic response to SFG in SV varies from fetuses with structurally normal heart. The mechanism of SFG and the placental pathology may be distinct in SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alsaied
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Heart Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Tseng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eileen King
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eunice Hahn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allison Divanovic
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mounira Habli
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Cnota
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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13
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Puri K, Warshak CR, Habli MA, Yuan A, Sahay RD, King EC, Divanovic A, Cnota JF. Fetal somatic growth trajectory differs by type of congenital heart disease. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:669-676. [PMID: 29261645 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe growth trajectories of common measurements, including estimated fetal weight (EFW), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC), in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) have not been described for different cardiac lesions. We hypothesized that (i) fetuses with CHD have differential growth in utero, and (ii) different categories of CHD demonstrate different in utero growth curves.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study of pregnancies with known fetal CHD seen from January 2000 to June 2013. For analysis, the infants were divided into single ventricle (SV), biventricular conotruncal, d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA), biventricular septal defects (SD; including atrial, ventricular, and atrioventricular SD), and all others (Other).ResultsA total of 194 newborns met inclusion criteria. There was significant differential growth of EFW in all CHD types, except d-TGA, starting with low z-scores before 25 weeks gestation, improving toward normal around 30-32 weeks gestation, and then again differential growth with advancing gestation. SV and SD groups had significant differential growth of HC starting early in gestation and linearly progressing negative z-scores with advancing gestation.ConclusionWe observed differences in the fetal growth curves throughout gestation for the major categories of CHD, including significant differential growth in even "simple" CHD, such as SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Puri
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carri R Warshak
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine at the Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mounira A Habli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amy Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rashmi D Sahay
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eileen C King
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Allison Divanovic
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James F Cnota
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Triebwasser JE, Treadwell MC. In Utero Evidence of Impaired Somatic Growth in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1400-1404. [PMID: 28689327 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have impaired growth compared to expected growth for gestational age. This is a retrospective cohort study including singleton fetuses with isolated HLHS identified from a single, referral center's ultrasound database. To account for variable timing of ultrasounds, z-scores for gestational age were assigned for each biometric parameter. We identified 169 fetuses, of which 96 had more than one ultrasound. The median number of ultrasound evaluations per fetus was 2 (range 1-5). The mean gestational age at time of last ultrasound was 33.7 ± 4.3 weeks with a range of 20.4-39.6 weeks. While fetal growth restriction (11%) and microcephaly (3%) were relatively rare, mean z-scores at the time of last ultrasound for estimated fetal weight (mean difference z-score -0.20, p = 0.04) and head circumference (-0.28, p = 0.02) were lower than at the time of the initial ultrasound. Impaired somatic growth, defined as a decrement in z-score of 0.5 or more over time, was common (32%). There is a deceleration in somatic and head growth in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome that can be identified by routine ultrasound evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Triebwasser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5276, USA.
| | - Marjorie C Treadwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5276, USA
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15
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DeVore GR. Computing the Z Score and Centiles for Cross-sectional Analysis: A Practical Approach. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:459-473. [PMID: 28093799 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Z scores have been reported in the literature, one of the problems for the nonstatistician is understanding the systematic approach used to compute the predicted mean and standard deviation, components of the Z score equation, which may vary as the independent variable changes over time (eg, gestational age). This review focuses on a step-by-step analysis using linear, quadratic, and fractional polynomials to compute the mean and standard deviation as a function of a continuous independent variable. Once the mean and standard deviation are computed, the Z score and centile can be derived and Z score calculators created that enable investigators to implement the results in the laboratory and/or clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greggory R DeVore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Fetal Diagnostic Centers, Pasadena, Tarzana, and Lancaster, California, USA
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16
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Interstage somatic growth in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after initial palliation with the hybrid procedure. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:131-138. [PMID: 27055807 DOI: 10.1017/s104795111600024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Introduction The hybrid procedure is one mode of initial palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Subsequently, patients proceed with either the "three-stage" pathway - comprehensive second stage followed by Fontan completion - or the "four-stage" pathway - Norwood procedure, hemi-Fontan, or Fontan completion. In this study, we describe somatic growth patterns observed in the hybrid groups and a comparison primary Norwood group. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients who have undergone hybrid procedure and Fontan completion was performed. Weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores were recorded at each operation. RESULTS We identified 13 hybrid patients - eight in the three-stage pathway and five in the four-stage pathway - and 49 Norwood patients. Weight: three stage: weight decreased from hybrid procedure to comprehensive second stage (-0.4±1.3 versus -2.3±1.4, p<0.01) and then increased to Fontan completion (-0.4±1.5 versus -0.6±1.4, p<0.01); four stage: weight decreased from hybrid procedure to Norwood (-2.0±1.4 versus -3.3±0.9, p=0.06), then stabilised to hemi-Fontan. Weight increased from hemi-Fontan to Fontan completion (-2.7±0.6 versus -1.0±0.7, p=0.01); primary Norwood group: weight decreased from Norwood to hemi-Fontan (p<0.001) and then increased to Fontan completion (p<0.001). Height: height declined from hybrid procedure to Fontan completion in the three-stage group. In the four-stage group, height decreased from hybrid to hemi-Fontan, and then increased to Fontan completion. The Norwood group decreased in height from Norwood to hemi-Fontan, followed by an increase to Fontan completion. CONCLUSION In this study, we show that patients undergoing the hybrid procedure have poor weight gain before superior cavopulmonary connection, before returning to baseline by Fontan completion. This study identifies key periods to target poor somatic growth, a risk factor of morbidity and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Jansen FAR, Everwijn SMP, Scheepjens R, Stijnen T, Peeters-Scholte CMPCD, van Lith JMM, Haak MC. Fetal brain imaging in isolated congenital heart defects - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:601-13. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenna A. R. Jansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sheila M. P. Everwijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Robert Scheepjens
- Department of Medical Statistics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Theo Stijnen
- Department of Medical Statistics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan M. M. van Lith
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Haak
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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18
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Hahn E, Szwast A, Cnota J, Levine JC, Fifer CG, Jaeggi E, Andrews H, Williams IA. Association between fetal growth, cerebral blood flow and neurodevelopmental outcome in univentricular fetuses. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 47:460-465. [PMID: 25900850 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of fetal growth and cerebrovascular resistance at different periods in gestation with neurodevelopment (ND) at 14 months in the univentricular subject. METHODS We reviewed serial prenatal ultrasound (US) examinations from 133 infants enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network's Single Ventricle Reconstruction or Infants with Single Ventricle trials, including a subset of 82 infants in whom ND was assessed at 14 months using mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) developmental indices. US examinations were assigned to one of four gestational time periods: (1) 20-23 weeks, (2) 24-29 weeks, (3) 30-33 weeks and (4) ≥ 34 weeks. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity was measured and pulsatility index (PI), a measure of downstream resistance, was calculated. Data on fetal head circumference (HC), femur length, abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were collected and their Z-scores were calculated. We evaluated the rate of change of these parameters over time within individuals, tested correlations between fetal growth and ND and assessed predictors of ND using linear regression. RESULTS The mean prenatal HC Z-score was < 0 at each gestational-age period and became more negative later in pregnancy. There was less growth in HC from time period 3 to period 4 compared with from period 2 to 3 (Δ HC Z-score, -0.07 ± 0.1 vs 0.11 ± 0.22, P = 0.03). Though ND did not correlate with HC, HC Z-score or MCA-PI Z-score, HC growth from period 2 to period 3 correlated with MDI (r = 0.45, P = 0.047). AC Z-score in period 4 predicted MDI (β = 4.02, P = 0.04). EFW Z-score and AC Z-score in period 2 predicted PDI (β = 10.6, P = 0.04 and β = 3.29, P = 0.047, respectively). Lower MCA-PI at initial US predicted higher PDI (β = -14.7, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION In univentricular fetuses, lower cerebrovascular resistance may be protective for ND. Decreased fetal somatic growth may predict developmental abnormalities. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hahn
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Szwast
- The Cardiac Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Cnota
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J C Levine
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C G Fifer
- The Congenital Heart Center at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Jaeggi
- Labatt Family Heart Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I A Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Jones HN, Olbrych SK, Smith KL, Cnota JF, Habli M, Ramos-Gonzales O, Owens KJ, Hinton AC, Polzin WJ, Muglia LJ, Hinton RB. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with structural and vascular placental abnormalities and leptin dysregulation. Placenta 2015; 36:1078-86. [PMID: 26278057 PMCID: PMC4609616 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe cardiovascular malformation (CVM) associated with fetal growth abnormalities. Genetic and environmental factors have been identified that contribute to pathogenesis, but the role of the placenta is unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the placenta in HLHS with and without growth abnormalities. METHODS HLHS term singleton births were identified from a larger cohort when placenta tissue was available. Clinical data were collected from maternal and neonatal medical records, including anthropometrics and placental pathology reports. Placental tissues from cases and controls were analyzed to assess parenchymal morphology, vascular architecture and leptin signaling. RESULTS HLHS cases (n = 16) and gestational age-matched controls (n = 18) were analyzed. Among cases, the average birth weight was 2993 g, including 31% that were small for gestational age. When compared with controls, gross pathology of HLHS cases demonstrated significantly reduced placental weight and increased fibrin deposition, while micropathology showed increased syncytial nuclear aggregates, decreased terminal villi, reduced vasculature and increased leptin expression in syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial cells. DISCUSSION Placentas from pregnancies complicated by fetal HLHS are characterized by abnormal parenchymal morphology, suggesting immature structure may be due to vascular abnormalities. Increased leptin expression may indicate an attempt to compensate for these vascular abnormalities. Further investigation into the regulation of angiogenesis in the fetus and placenta may elucidate the causes of HLHS and associated growth abnormalities in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N Jones
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie K Olbrych
- Divisions of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen L Smith
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James F Cnota
- Divisions of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mounira Habli
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Fetal Care Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Osniel Ramos-Gonzales
- Divisions of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn J Owens
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrea C Hinton
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William J Polzin
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Fetal Care Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Divisions of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert B Hinton
- Divisions of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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20
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Corno AF. "Functionally" univentricular hearts: impact of pre-natal diagnosis. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:15. [PMID: 25774365 PMCID: PMC4343004 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last few decades the pre-natal echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart defects has made substantial progresses, particularly for the identification of complex malformation. "Functionally" univentricular hearts categorize a huge variety of heart malformations. Since no one of the patients with these congenital heart defects can ever undergo a bi-ventricular type of repair, early recognition and decision-making from the neonatal period are required in order to allow for appropriate multiple-step diagnostic and treatment procedures, either of interventional cardiology and/or surgery, on the pathway of "univentricular" heart. In the literature strong disagreements exist about the potential impact of the pre-natal diagnosis on the early and late outcomes of complex congenital heart defects. This review of the recent reports has been undertaken to better understand the impact of pre-natal diagnosis in "functionally" univentricular hearts taking into consideration the following topics: pre-natal screening, outcomes and survival, general morbidity, neurologic and developmental consequences, pregnancy management and delivery planning, resources utilization and costs/benefits issues, ethical implications, parents counseling, and interruption of pregnancy versus treatment.
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