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Bolte EE, Moorshead D, Aagaard KM. Maternal and early life exposures and their potential to influence development of the microbiome. Genome Med 2022; 14:4. [PMID: 35016706 PMCID: PMC8751292 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the twentieth century, the medical care of mothers and children was largely relegated to family members and informally trained birth attendants. As the industrial era progressed, early and key public health observations among women and children linked the persistence of adverse health outcomes to poverty and poor nutrition. In the time hence, numerous studies connecting genetics ("nature") to public health and epidemiologic data on the role of the environment ("nurture") have yielded insights into the importance of early life exposures in relation to the occurrence of common diseases, such as diabetes, allergic and atopic disease, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. As a result of these parallel efforts in science, medicine, and public health, the developing brain, immune system, and metabolic physiology are now recognized as being particularly vulnerable to poor nutrition and stressful environments from the start of pregnancy to 3 years of age. In particular, compelling evidence arising from a diverse array of studies across mammalian lineages suggest that modifications to our metagenome and/or microbiome occur following certain environmental exposures during pregnancy and lactation, which in turn render risk of childhood and adult diseases. In this review, we will consider the evidence suggesting that development of the offspring microbiome may be vulnerable to maternal exposures, including an analysis of the data regarding the presence or absence of a low-biomass intrauterine microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bolte
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - David Moorshead
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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Lee YJ, Choi S, Kwon SY, Lee Y, Lee JK, Heo EY, Chung HS, Kim DK. A Genome-Wide Association Study in Early COPD: Identification of One Major Susceptibility Loci. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2967-2975. [PMID: 33235445 PMCID: PMC7680157 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s269263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the genetic basis of airflow limitation is one of the most interesting issues for understanding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology. Several studies have shown that some genetic variants associated with COPD have been identified in genome-wide association study (GWAS), especially in patients with moderate to severe COPD; genetic susceptibility for airflow limitation in the early COPD phase has not been widely studied. Objective We investigated the genetic variants in early COPD. Methods The present study analyzed Gene-environment interaction and phenotype (GENIE) cohort that included participants who received health screening examination. The association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to early COPD (FEV1 predicted ≥50% and FEV1/FVC <0.7) was tested. Results A total of 130 patients with early COPD and 3478 controls (1700 ever smokers and 1778 never smokers) were recruited. When compared with the total controls, certain SNPs (rs2818103, rs875033, rs9354627, rs34552148) on chromosome 6 were included at the top of our list (p= 5.6 × 10–7 ~9.6 × 10–6) although they did not reach genome-wide significance. When compared with the never smoker controls, two SNPs (rs2857210, rs2621419) of the HLA-DQB2 gene class were persistently associated with susceptibility to early COPD. Conclusion Certain SNPs located on chromosome 6 or the HLA-DQB2 gene were the top-scoring SNPs for the association with susceptibility to early COPD in the Korean GENIE cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - SeungHo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984 Korea
| | - Sung-Youn Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984 Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984 Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Heo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Qiu C, Ma C, Fan N, Zhang X, Zheng G. Comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 19:1446-1453. [PMID: 37732036 PMCID: PMC10507746 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.97065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and to provide an evidence-based reference for clinical use. Material and methods MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched from inception to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, and then R and RevMan 5.3 software packages were used to perform network meta-analysis. Results The relative risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants associated with six different pulmonary surfactant was analysed, including beractant (Survanta), surfactant A (Alveofact), calfactant (Infasurf), poractant (Curosurf), lucinactant (Surfaxin), and colfosceril (Exosurf). Patients with the following drugs appeared to have significantly reduced mortality of respiratory distress syndrome compare with beractant: surfactant A (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.90), calfactant (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97), poractant (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67-0.77), lucinactant (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.90), and colfosceril (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99). The SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) values for each of the drugs were: beractant (8.9%), surfactant A (93.8%), calfactant (40.3%), poractant (65.4%), lucinactant (59.8%), and colfosceril (31.6%). Conclusions Compared with beractant, other pulmonary surfactants are more effective to reduce the mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Surfactant A drugs appeared to have the best efficacy in reducing mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Qiu
- Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, China
| | - Nana Fan
- Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, China
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Fuentes-Mateos R, Jimeno D, Gómez C, Calzada N, Fernández-Medarde A, Santos E. Concomitant deletion of HRAS and NRAS leads to pulmonary immaturity, respiratory failure and neonatal death in mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:838. [PMID: 31685810 PMCID: PMC6828777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that adult (HRAS-/-; NRAS-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice showed no obvious external phenotype although lower-than-expected numbers of weaned DKO animals were consistently tallied after crossing NRAS-KO and HRAS-KO mice kept on mixed genetic backgrounds. Using mouse strains kept on pure C57Bl/6 background, here we performed an extensive analysis of the offspring from crosses between HRAS-KO and NRAS-KO mice and uncovered the occurrence of very high rates of perinatal mortality of the resulting DKO littermates due to respiratory failure during the first postnatal 24-48 h. The lungs of newborn DKO mice showed normal organ structure and branching but displayed marked defects of maturation including much-reduced alveolar space with thick separating septa and significant alterations of differentiation of alveolar (AT1, AT2 pneumocytes) and bronchiolar (ciliated, Clara cells) cell lineages. We also observed the retention of significantly increased numbers of undifferentiated progenitor precursor cells in distal lung epithelia and the presence of substantial accumulations of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+) material and ceramide in the lung airways of newborn DKO mice. Interestingly, antenatal dexamethasone treatment partially mitigated the defective lung maturation phenotypes and extended the lifespan of the DKO animals up to 6 days, but was not sufficient to abrogate lethality in these mice. RNA microarray hybridization analyses of the lungs of dexamethasone-treated and untreated mice uncovered transcriptional changes pointing to functional and metabolic alterations that may be mechanistically relevant for the defective lung phenotypes observed in DKO mice. Our data suggest that delayed alveolar differentiation, altered sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide accumulation are primary contributors to the respiratory stress and neonatal lethality shown by DKO mice and uncover specific, critical roles of HRAS and NRAS for correct lung differentiation that are essential for neonatal survival and cannot be substituted by the remaining KRAS function in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Companion MA, Thiele TE. Assessment of ventral tegmental area-projecting GABAergic neurons from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in modulating binge-like ethanol intake. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3335-3343. [PMID: 30362199 PMCID: PMC6312688 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) circuitry is a key component in plasticity underlying the transition to ethanol (EtOH) dependence. We have previously shown that chemogenetic silencing of CRF neurons stemming from the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST) and projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) significantly blunts binge-like EtOH consumption. While CRF neurons in the BNST are thought to entail primarily a GABA phenotype, glutamatergic neurons within the BNST also innervate the VTA and influence consummatory behaviors. Here, we combined the well-validated Vgat-ires-Cre transgenic mice with chemogenetic tools to extend our previous findings and corroborate the contribution of the VTA-projecting dlBNST GABAergic circuitry in modulating binge-like EtOH consumption using "drinking-in-the-dark" procedures. Mice were given bilateral injection of Gi-coupled chemogenetic viral vector (or control virus) into the dlBNST and bilateral cannulae into the VTA. On test day, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO; or vehicle) was infused directly into the VTA to silence VTA-projecting dlBNST neurons and subsequent binge-like EtOH consumption was assessed. We then used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the co-expression of CRF and viral vector. Our results showed that relative to vehicle treatment or CNO treatment in mice expressing the control virus, silencing VTA-projecting dlBNST GABAergic neurons by CNO treatment in mice expressing Gi-coupled chemogenetic virus significantly reduced binge-like EtOH intake. This effect was not seen with sucrose consumption. Our IHC results confirm a population of CRF-expressing GABAergic neurons within the dlBNST. This study directly establishes that VTA-projecting GABAergic neurons of the dlBNST modulate binge-like EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A. Companion
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Todd E. Thiele
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Yu HR, Sheen JM, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Tain YL, Huang LT, Tiao MM. Regulation of Leptin Methylation Not via Apoptosis by Melatonin in the Rescue of Chronic Programming Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113565. [PMID: 30424542 PMCID: PMC6274685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the mechanisms of chronic liver steatosis after prenatal dexamethasone exposure and whether melatonin rescues adult offspring with liver steatosis. Melatonin rescued prenatal dexamethasone-exposed livers with steatosis in young rats. Sprague-Dawley rats pregnant at gestational day 14–21 were administered with intraperitoneal dexamethasone (DEX) or prenatal dexamethasone and melatonin between gestational day 14 and postnatal day ~120 (DEX+MEL). Chronic programming effects in the liver were assessed at day ~120. Liver steatosis increased in the DEX compared with that in the vehicle group and decreased in the DEX+MEL group (p < 0.05), with no changes in cellular apoptosis. Expression of leptin and its receptor decreased in the DEX (p < 0.05) and increased in the DEX+MEL group (p < 0.05), as revealed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 expression increased in the DEX group compared with that in the vehicle group and decreased in the DEX+MEL group (p < 0.05). Liver DNA methyltransferase activity and leptin methylation increased in the DEX group (p < 0.05) and decreased in the DEX+MEL group (p < 0.05), with no changes in HDAC activity. Thus, prenatal dexamethasone induces liver steatosis at ~120 days via altered leptin expression and liver inflammation without leptin resistance. Melatonin reverses leptin methylation and expression and decreases inflammation and chronic liver steatosis not via apoptosis or histone deacetylation (HDAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Shi F, Liao Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wan H. Claudin18 associated with corticosteroid-induced expression of surfactant proteins in pulmonary epithelial cells. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:809-814. [PMID: 29082763 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1392505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Chengdu Newgenegle Biotech Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Youzhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yuqin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Newgenegle Biotech Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
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Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP20 Regulates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 3 Stability and Biological Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00432-16. [PMID: 28167606 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00432-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) whose regulatory mechanisms and biological functions remain superficially understood. Contrary to most protein kinases, ERK3 is a highly unstable protein that is subject to dynamic regulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the effectors that control ERK3 ubiquitination and degradation are unknown. In this study, we carried out an unbiased functional loss-of-function screen of the human deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) family and identified ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) as a novel ERK3 regulator. USP20 interacts with and deubiquitinates ERK3 both in vitro and in intact cells. The overexpression of USP20 results in the stabilization and accumulation of the ERK3 protein, whereas USP20 depletion reduces the levels of ERK3. We found that the expression levels of ERK3 correlate with those of USP20 in various cellular contexts. Importantly, we show that USP20 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and cell migration in a manner dependent on ERK3 expression. Our results identify USP20 as a bona fide regulator of ERK3 stability and physiological functions.
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Dubinsky TJ, Moshiri M, Adams Waldorf K, Wilson G, Maki JH, Hippe DS. Increased fetal lung T2 signal is not due to increasing surfactant concentration: an in vitro T2 mapping analysis. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:211-214. [PMID: 27987213 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to perform in vitro T2 mapping of serial dilutions of pharmaceutical surfactant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance scanning was performed on serial dilutions of surfactant on large bore clinical magnets at a field strength of 1.5 T Philips and 3.0 T (Achieva TX, Philips Healthcare, the Netherlands). RESULTS The curves demonstrate a small increasing trend between surfactant concentration and R2 (shortened T2's), with a 7.3% increase in R2 for each doubling of surfactant concentration (95% confidence interval: 6.1-8.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increasing lung/liver T2 signal ratio seen in fetal lungs with increasing gestational age is not due to increasing surfactant concentration. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Moshiri
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Greg Wilson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Maki
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S Hippe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Effect of perinatal glucocorticoids on vascular health and disease. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:4-10. [PMID: 27656772 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of antenatal glucocorticoids are now firmly established in the perinatal management of threatened preterm birth. Postnatal glucocorticoid therapy, however, remains controversial in neonatal medicine, with the need to balance short-term physiological benefits against the potential for long-term adverse consequences. This review focuses on the vascular effects of prenatal and postnatal glucocorticoids, synthesizing data from both experimental animal models and human infants with the goal of better appreciation of the short and long-term effects of these commonly used drugs. Due to their widespread and varied use, improved understanding of the cellular and molecular impact of glucocorticoids is important in guiding current practice and future research.
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Pew BK, Harris RA, Sbrana E, Guaman MC, Shope C, Chen R, Meloche S, Aagaard K. Structural and transcriptomic response to antenatal corticosteroids in an Erk3-null mouse model of respiratory distress. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:384.e1-384.e89. [PMID: 27143398 PMCID: PMC5003661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is a leading cause of neonatal death. Pulmonary insufficiency-related infant mortality rates have improved with antenatal glucocorticoid treatment and neonatal surfactant replacement. However, the mechanism of glucocorticoid-promoted fetal lung maturation is not understood fully, despite decades of clinical use. We previously have shown that genetic deletion of Erk3 in mice results in growth restriction, cyanosis, and early neonatal lethality because of pulmonary immaturity and respiratory distress. Recently, we demonstrated that the addition of postnatal surfactant administration to antenatal dexamethasone treatment resulted in enhanced survival of neonatal Erk3-null mice. OBJECTIVE To better understand the molecular underpinnings of corticosteroid-mediated lung maturation, we used high-throughput transcriptomic and high-resolution morphologic analysis of the murine fetal lung. We sought to examine the alterations in fetal lung structure and function that are associated with neonatal respiratory distress and antenatal glucocorticoid treatment. STUDY DESIGN Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg) or saline solution was administered to pregnant dams on embryonic days 16.5 and 17.5. Fetal lungs were collected and analyzed by microCT and RNA-seq for differential gene expression and pathway interactions with genotype and treatment. Results from transcriptomic analysis guided further investigation of candidate genes with the use of immunostaining in murine and human fetal lung tissue. RESULTS Erk3(-/-) mice exhibited atelectasis with decreased overall porosity and saccular space relative to wild type, which was ameliorated by glucocorticoid treatment. Of 596 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.05) that were detected by RNA-seq, pathway analysis revealed 36 genes (q < 0.05) interacting with dexamethasone, several with roles in lung development, which included corticotropin-releasing hormone and surfactant protein B. Corticotropin-releasing hormone protein was detected in wild-type and Erk3(-/-) lungs at E14.5, with significantly temporally altered expression through embryonic day 18.5. Antenatal dexamethasone attenuated corticotropin-releasing hormone at embryonic day 18.5 in both wild-type and Erk3(-/-) lungs (0.56-fold and 0.67-fold; P < .001). Wild type mice responded to glucocorticoid administration with increased pulmonary surfactant protein B (P = .003). In contrast, dexamethasone treatment in Erk3(-/-) mice resulted in decreased surfactant protein B (P = .012). In human validation studies, we confirmed that corticotropin-releasing hormone protein is present in the fetal lung at 18 weeks of gestation and increases in expression with progression towards viability (22 weeks of gestation; P < .01). CONCLUSION Characterization of whole transcriptome gene expression revealed glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone and surfactant protein B via Erk3-independent and -dependent mechanisms, respectively. We demonstrated for the first time the expression and temporal regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone protein in midtrimester human fetal lung. This unique model allows the effects of corticosteroids on fetal pulmonary morphologic condition to be distinguished from functional gene pathway regulation. These findings implicate Erk3 as a potentially important molecular mediator of antenatal glucocorticoid action in promoting surfactant protein production in the preterm neonatal lung and expanding our understanding of key mechanisms of clinical therapy to improve neonatal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden K Pew
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - R Alan Harris
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Elena Sbrana
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX
| | - Milenka Cuevas Guaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Shope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kjersti Aagaard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Zhang L, Cao HY, Zhao S, Yuan LJ, Han D, Jiang H, Wu S, Wu HM. Effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactants on mortality rate in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Aeffner F, Bolon B, Davis IC. Mouse Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Review of Analytical Approaches, Pathologic Features, and Common Measurements. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:1074-92. [PMID: 26296628 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315598399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe pulmonary reaction requiring hospitalization, which is incited by many causes, including bacterial and viral pneumonia as well as near drowning, aspiration of gastric contents, pancreatitis, intravenous drug use, and abdominal trauma. In humans, ARDS is very well defined by a list of clinical parameters. However, until recently no consensus was available regarding the criteria of ARDS that should be evident in an experimental animal model. This lack was rectified by a 2011 workshop report by the American Thoracic Society, which defined the main features proposed to delineate the presence of ARDS in laboratory animals. These should include histological changes in parenchymal tissue, altered integrity of the alveolar capillary barrier, inflammation, and abnormal pulmonary function. Murine ARDS models typically are defined by such features as pulmonary edema and leukocyte infiltration in cytological preparations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung sections. Common pathophysiological indicators of ARDS in mice include impaired pulmonary gas exchange and histological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates into the lung. Thus, morphological endpoints remain a vital component of data sets assembled from animal ARDS models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Famke Aeffner
- Flagship Biosciences Inc., Westminster, Colorado, USA
| | - Brad Bolon
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, Ohio, USA GEMpath Inc., Longmont, Colorado, USA
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