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Greenough A, Milner AD. Early origins of respiratory disease. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:11-19. [PMID: 35786507 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory morbidity is unfortunately common in childhood, particularly in those born very prematurely or with congenital anomalies affecting pulmonary development and those with sickle cell disease. Our research group, therefore, has focused on the early origins of chronic respiratory disease. This has included assessing antenatal diagnostic techniques and potentially therapeutic interventions in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Undertaking physiological studies, we have increased the understanding of the premature baby's response to resuscitation and evaluated interventions in the delivery suite. Mechanical ventilation modes have been optimised and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with short- and long-term outcomes undertaken. Our studies highlighted respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory viral LRTIs had an adverse impact on respiratory outcomes of prematurely born infants, who we demonstrated have a functional and genetic predisposition to respiratory viral LRTIs. We have described the long-term respiratory outcomes for children with sickle cell disease and importantly identified influencing factors. In conclusion, it is essential to undertake long term follow up of infants at high risk of chronic respiratory morbidity if effective preventative strategies are to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony David Milner
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Nasriddinov A, Rumyantseva M, Konstantinova E, Marikutsa A, Tokarev S, Yaltseva P, Fedorova O, Gaskov A. Effect of Humidity on Light-Activated NO and NO 2 Gas Sensing by Hybrid Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050915. [PMID: 32397437 PMCID: PMC7279420 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Air humidity is one of the main factors affecting the characteristics of semiconductor gas sensors, especially at low measurement temperatures. In this work we analyzed the influence of relative humidity on sensor properties of the hybrid materials based on the nanocrystalline SnO2 and In2O3 and Ru (II) heterocyclic complex and verified the possibility of using such materials for NO (0.25–4.0 ppm) and NO2 (0.05–1.0 ppm) detection in high humidity conditions (relative humidity (RH) = 20%, 40%, 65%, 90%) at room temperature during periodic blue (λmax = 470 nm) illumination. To reveal the reasons for the different influence of humidity on the sensors’ sensitivity when detecting NO and NO2, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) investigations were undertaken. It was established that the substitution of adsorbed oxygen by water molecules causes the decrease in sensor response to NO in humid air. The influence of humidity on the interaction of sensitive materials with NO2 is determined by the following factors: the increase in charge carrier’s concentration, the decrease in the number of active sites capable of interacting with gases, and possible substitution of chemisorbed oxygen with NO2− groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulkosim Nasriddinov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Materials Science, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Rumyantseva
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-5471
| | - Elizaveta Konstantinova
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of nano-, bio-, information and cognitive technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow Region, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Marikutsa
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Sergey Tokarev
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Yaltseva
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gaskov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (P.Y.); (O.F.); (A.G.)
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Lunt A, Sturrock SS, Greenough A. Asthma and the outcome of sickle cell disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1547964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lunt
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah S. Sturrock
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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De A, Manwani D, Rastogi D. Airway inflammation in sickle cell disease-A translational perspective. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:400-411. [PMID: 29314737 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and sickle cell disease (SCD) are common chronic conditions in children of African ancestry that are characterized by cough, wheeze, and obstructive patterns on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function testing in children with SCD has estimated a prevalence of obstructive lung disease ranging from 13% to 57%, and airway hyper-responsiveness of up to 77%, independent of a diagnosis of asthma. Asthma co-existing with SCD is associated with increased risk of acute chest syndrome (ACS), respiratory symptoms, pain episodes, and death. However, there are inherent differences in the pathophysiology of SCD and asthma. While classic allergic asthma in the general population is associated with a T-helper 2 cell (Th-2 cells) pattern of cell inflammation, increased IgE levels and often positive allergy testing, inflammation in SCD is associated with different inflammatory pathways, involving neutrophilic and monocytic pathways, which have been explored to a limited extent in mouse models and with a dearth of human studies. The current review summarizes the existent literature on sickle cell related airway inflammation and its cross roads with allergic asthma-related inflammation, and discusses the importance of further elucidating and understanding these common and divergent inflammatory pathways in human studies to facilitate development of targeted therapy for children with SCD and pulmonary morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliva De
- Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Lunt A, Mortimer L, Rees D, Height S, Thein SL, Greenough A. Heterogeneity of respiratory disease in children and young adults with sickle cell disease. Thorax 2017; 73:575-577. [PMID: 29187592 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To detect and characterise different phenotypes of respiratory disease in children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), 11 lung function and haematological biomarkers were analysed using k-means cluster analysis in a cohort of 114 subjects with SCD aged between 5 and 27 years. Three clusters were detected: cluster 1 had elevated pulmonary capillary blood volume, mixed obstructive/restrictive lung disease, hypoxia and moderately severe anaemia; cluster 2 were older patients with restrictive lung disease; and cluster 3 were younger patients with obstructive lung disease, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and bronchodilator reversibility. These results may inform more personalised management strategies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lunt
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Mortimer
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Rees
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sue Height
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Molecular Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Cohen RT, Rodeghier M, Kirkham FJ, Rosen CL, Kirkby J, DeBaun MR, Strunk RC. Exhaled nitric oxide: Not associated with asthma, symptoms, or spirometry in children with sickle cell anemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1338-1343.e4. [PMID: 27521278 PMCID: PMC5330622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) levels in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is unclear, but increased levels can be associated with features of asthma and thus increased morbidity. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine factors associated with Feno and whether Feno levels are associated with increased rates of acute chest syndrome (ACS) and pain. METHODS All participants had SCA, were part of the prospective observational Sleep and Asthma Cohort study, and had the following assessments: Feno levels, spirometry, blood samples analyzed for hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, eosinophil counts and total serum IgE levels, questionnaires about child medical and family history, and review of medical records. RESULTS The analytic sample included 131 children with SCA (median age, 11.2 years; age range, 6-18 years) followed for a mean of 16.2 years, including a mean of 5.1 years after baseline Feno data measurements. In multivariable analyses higher Feno levels were associated with ln(IgE) levels (P < .001) and the highest quartile of peripheral eosinophil counts (P = .03) but not wheezing symptoms, baseline spirometric indices, or response to bronchodilator. Multivariable analyses identified that the incident rate of ACS was associated with ln(Feno) levels (P = .03), as well as male sex (P = .025), wheezing causing shortness of breath (P = .002), and ACS at less than 4 years of age (P < .001). Feno levels were not associated with future pain episodes. CONCLUSIONS Steady-state Feno levels were not associated with an asthma diagnosis, wheezing symptoms, lung function measures, or prior sickle cell morbidity but were associated with markers of atopy and increased risk of future ACS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T. Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fenella J. Kirkham
- Neurosciences Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol L. Rosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jane Kirkby
- Portex Respiratory Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Michael R. DeBaun
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert C. Strunk
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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