1
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Rothoeft T, Maier C, Talarico A, Hoffmann A, Schlegtendal A, Lange B, Petersmann A, Denz R, Timmesfeld N, Toepfner N, Vidal-Blanco E, Pfaender S, Lücke T, Brinkmann F. Natural and hybrid immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents. Infection 2024; 52:1449-1458. [PMID: 38499828 PMCID: PMC11288991 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to adults, immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents with natural or hybrid immunity is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze different immune compartments in different age groups and whether humoral immune reactions correlate with a cellular immune response. METHODS 72 children and adolescents with a preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. 37 were vaccinated with an RNA vaccine (BNT162b2). Humoral immunity was analyzed 3-26 months (median 10 months) after infection by measuring Spike protein (S), nucleocapsid (NCP), and neutralizing antibodies (nAB). Cellular immunity was analyzed using a SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). RESULTS All children and adolescents had S antibodies; titers were higher in those with hybrid immunity (14,900 BAU/ml vs. 2118 BAU/ml). NCP antibodies were detectable in > 90%. Neutralizing antibodies (nAB) were more frequently detected (90%) with higher titers (1914 RLU) in adolescents with hybrid immunity than in children with natural immunity (62.5%, 476 RLU). Children with natural immunity were less likely to have reactive IGRAs (43.8%) than adolescents with hybrid immunity (85%). The amount of interferon-γ released by T cells was comparable in natural and hybrid immunity. CONCLUSION Spike antibodies are the most reliable markers to monitor an immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2. High antibody titers of spike antibodies and nAB correlated with cellular immunity, a phenomenon found only in adolescents with hybrid immunity. Hybrid immunity is associated with markedly higher antibody titers and a higher probability of a cellular immune response than a natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rothoeft
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - C Maier
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Talarico
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Hoffmann
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Schlegtendal
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - B Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - A Petersmann
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Denz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Toepfner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Vidal-Blanco
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Lücke
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - F Brinkmann
- University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Quenneville J, Feghaly A, Tual M, Thomas K, Major F, Gagnon E. Long-term severe hypoxia adaptation induces non-canonical EMT and a novel Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) isoform. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1237-1250. [PMID: 38977895 PMCID: PMC11327107 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are caused by solid tumors, where the four most prevalent cancers (breast, lung, colorectal and prostate) account for more than 60% of all cases (1). Tumor cell heterogeneity driven by variable cancer microenvironments, such as hypoxia, is a key determinant of therapeutic outcome. We developed a novel culture protocol, termed the Long-Term Hypoxia (LTHY) time course, to recapitulate the gradual development of severe hypoxia seen in vivo to mimic conditions observed in primary tumors. Cells subjected to LTHY underwent a non-canonical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on miRNA and mRNA signatures as well as displayed EMT-like morphological changes. Concomitant to this, we report production of a novel truncated isoform of WT1 transcription factor (tWt1), a non-canonical EMT driver, with expression driven by a yet undescribed intronic promoter through hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs). We further demonstrated that tWt1 initiates translation from an intron-derived start codon, retains proper subcellular localization and DNA binding. A similar tWt1 is also expressed in LTHY-cultured human cancer cell lines as well as primary cancers and predicts long-term patient survival. Our study not only demonstrates the importance of culture conditions that better mimic those observed in primary cancers, especially with regards to hypoxia, but also identifies a novel isoform of WT1 which correlates with poor long-term survival in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Quenneville
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Albert Feghaly
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Tual
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kiersten Thomas
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Major
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Peppicelli S, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Andreucci E. Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z. [PMID: 39023664 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and continuously evolving features of the tumor microenvironment, varying between tumor histotypes, are characterized by the presence of host cells and tumor cells embedded in a milieu shaped by hypoxia and low pH, resulting from the frequent imbalance between vascularity and tumor cell proliferation. These microenvironmental metabolic stressors play a crucial role in remodeling host cells and tumor cells, contributing to the stimulation of cancer cell heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and multidrug resistance, ultimately leading to progression and metastasis. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures released into the extracellular milieu by tumor/host cells, are now recognized as critical drivers in the complex intercellular communication between tumor cells and the local cellular components in a hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between tumor and host cells within a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, triggered by the release of EVs, could pave the way for innovative strategies to disrupt the complex interplay of cancer cells with their microenvironment. This approach may contribute to the development of an efficient and safe therapeutic strategy to combat cancer progression. Therefore, we review the major findings on the release of EVs in a hypoxic/acidic tumor microenvironment to appreciate their role in tumor progression toward metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
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4
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Drost F, An Y, Bonafonte-Pardàs I, Dratva LM, Lindeboom RGH, Haniffa M, Teichmann SA, Theis F, Lotfollahi M, Schubert B. Multi-modal generative modeling for joint analysis of single-cell T cell receptor and gene expression data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5577. [PMID: 38956082 PMCID: PMC11220149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell immune profiling have enabled the simultaneous measurement of transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) sequences, offering great potential for studying immune responses at the cellular level. However, integrating these diverse modalities across datasets is challenging due to their unique data characteristics and technical variations. Here, to address this, we develop the multimodal generative model mvTCR to fuse modality-specific information across transcriptome and TCR into a shared representation. Our analysis demonstrates the added value of multimodal over unimodal approaches to capture antigen specificity. Notably, we use mvTCR to distinguish T cell subpopulations binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens from bystander cells. Furthermore, when combined with reference mapping approaches, mvTCR can map newly generated datasets to extensive T cell references, facilitating knowledge transfer. In summary, we envision mvTCR to enable a scalable analysis of multimodal immune profiling data and advance our understanding of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Drost
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yang An
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Irene Bonafonte-Pardàs
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa M Dratva
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rik G H Lindeboom
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabian Theis
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Mohammad Lotfollahi
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Benjamin Schubert
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany.
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5
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:487-502. [PMID: 38383754 PMCID: PMC11216897 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Kim DK, Suh K, Park J, Lee SE, Han J, Chang S, Kim Y, Mook-Jung I. FGFR3 drives Aβ-induced tau uptake. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1631-1642. [PMID: 38951140 PMCID: PMC11297141 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ) contributes to initiating subsequent tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms through which Aβ contributes to tau uptake and propagation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that preexisting amyloid pathology accelerates the uptake of extracellular tau into neurons. Using quantitative proteomic analysis of endocytic vesicles, we reveal that Aβ induces the internalization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Extracellular tau binds to the extracellular domain of FGFR3 and is internalized by the FGFR3 ligand, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Aβ accelerates FGF2 secretion from neurons, thereby inducing the internalization of tau-attached FGFR3. Knockdown of FGFR3 in the hippocampus reduces tau aggregation by decreasing tau uptake and improving memory function in AD model mice. These data suggest FGFR3 in neurons as a novel tau receptor and a key mediator of Aβ-induced tau uptake in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyujin Suh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Medical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Omics Center, Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihui Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Omics Center, Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Dubnov S, Bennett ER, Yayon N, Yakov O, Bennett DA, Seshadri S, Mufson E, Tzur Y, Greenberg D, Kuro-O M, Paldor I, Abraham CR, Soreq H. Knockout of the longevity gene Klotho perturbs aging and Alzheimer's disease-linked brain microRNAs and tRNA fragments. Commun Biol 2024; 7:720. [PMID: 38862813 PMCID: PMC11166644 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the longevity gene Klotho prolongs lifespan, while its knockout shortens lifespan and impairs cognition via perturbation of myelination and synapse formation. However, comprehensive analysis of Klotho knockout effects on mammalian brain transcriptomics is lacking. Here, we report that Klotho knockout alters the levels of aging- and cognition related mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and tRNA fragments. These include altered neuronal and glial regulators in murine models of aging and Alzheimer's disease and in human Alzheimer's disease post-mortem brains. We further demonstrate interaction of the knockout-elevated tRNA fragments with the spliceosome, possibly affecting RNA processing. Last, we present cell type-specific short RNA-seq datasets from FACS-sorted neurons and microglia of live human brain tissue demonstrating in-depth cell-type association of Klotho knockout-perturbed microRNAs. Together, our findings reveal multiple RNA transcripts in both neurons and glia from murine and human brain that are perturbed in Klotho deficiency and are aging- and neurodegeneration-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafima Dubnov
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estelle R Bennett
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Or Yakov
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- UT Health Medical Arts & Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elliott Mufson
- Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yonat Tzur
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Greenberg
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Iddo Paldor
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
- Dept of Neurosurgery, the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Klogenix LLC., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Kim S, Shim S, Kwon J, Ryoo S, Byeon J, Hong J, Lee JH, Kwon YG, Kim JY, Kim YM. Alleviation of preeclampsia-like symptoms through PlGF and eNOS regulation by hypoxia- and NF-κB-responsive miR-214-3p deletion. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1388-1400. [PMID: 38825645 PMCID: PMC11263402 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is caused by placental hypoxia and systemic inflammation and is associated with reduced placental growth factor (PlGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels. The molecular signaling axes involved in this process may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Here, we found that hypoxic exposure increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/Twist1-mediated miR-214-3p biogenesis in trophoblasts, suppressing PlGF production and trophoblast invasion. TNF-α stimulation increased NF-κB-dependent miR-214-3p expression in endothelial cells, impairing eNOS expression and causing endothelial dysfunction. Synthetic miR-214-3p administration to pregnant mice decreased PlGF and eNOS expression, resulting in preeclampsia-like symptoms, including hypertension, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction. Conversely, miR-214-3p deletion maintained the PlGF and eNOS levels in hypoxic pregnant mice, alleviating preeclampsia-like symptoms and signs. These findings provide new insights into the role of HIF-1/Twist1- and NF-κB-responsive miR-214-3p-dependent PlGF and eNOS downregulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and establish miR-214-3p as a therapeutic or preventive target for preeclampsia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Byeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Advanced Institute of Technology, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06694, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Liang L, Chung SI, Guon TE, Park KH, Lee JH, Park JW. Statin administration or blocking PCSK9 alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness and lung fibrosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:213. [PMID: 38762465 PMCID: PMC11102611 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and lung fibrosis, which may reduce the effectiveness of standard asthma treatment in individuals suffering from both conditions. Statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 inhibitors not only reduce serum cholesterol, free fatty acids but also diminish renin-angiotensin system activity and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. These mechanisms may play a role in mitigating lung pathologies associated with obesity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were induced to develop obesity through high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Conditional TGF-β1 transgenic mice were fed a normal diet. These mice were given either atorvastatin or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 inhibitor (alirocumab), and the impact on airway hyperresponsiveness and lung pathologies was assessed. RESULTS High-fat diet-induced obesity enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, lung fibrosis, macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pro-inflammatory mediators in the lung. These lipid-lowering agents attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, macrophages in BALF, lung fibrosis, serum leptin, free fatty acids, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17a in the lung. Furthermore, the increased RAS, NLRP3 inflammasome, and cholecystokinin in lung tissue of obese mice were reduced with statin or alirocumab. These agents also suppressed the pro-inflammatory immune responses and lung fibrosis in TGF-β1 over-expressed transgenic mice with normal diet. CONCLUSIONS Lipid-lowering treatment has the potential to alleviate obesity-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and lung fibrosis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, RAS and cholecystokinin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook In Chung
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Guon
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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10
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Xiao T, Lee J, Gauntner TD, Velegraki M, Lathia JD, Li Z. Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:338-355. [PMID: 38589557 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are present across multiple non-reproductive organ cancers, with male individuals generally experiencing higher incidence of cancer with poorer outcomes. Although some mechanisms underlying these differences are emerging, the immunological basis is not well understood. Observations from clinical trials also suggest a sex bias in conventional immunotherapies with male individuals experiencing a more favourable response and female individuals experiencing more severe adverse events to immune checkpoint blockade. In this Perspective article, we summarize the major biological hallmarks underlying sex bias in immuno-oncology. We focus on signalling from sex hormones and chromosome-encoded gene products, along with sex hormone-independent and chromosome-independent epigenetic mechanisms in tumour and immune cells such as myeloid cells and T cells. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future studies on sex differences that integrate sex hormones and chromosomes and other emerging cancer hallmarks such as ageing and the microbiome to provide a more comprehensive view of how sex differences underlie the response in cancer that can be leveraged for more effective immuno-oncology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D Gauntner
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumour Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA.
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11
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Fang Z, Mao J, Huang J, Sun H, Lu X, Lei H, Dong J, Chen S, Wang X. Increased levels of villus-derived exosomal miR-29a-3p in normal pregnancy than uRPL patients suppresses decidual NK cell production of interferon-γ and exerts a therapeutic effect in abortion-prone mice. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:230. [PMID: 38627796 PMCID: PMC11022359 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients have higher absolute numbers of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells with elevated intracellular IFN-γ levels leading to a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, which contributes to RPL pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was twofold: first to explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of villus-derived exosomes (vEXOs) from induced abortion patients or RPL patients at the level of intracellular IFN-γ in dNK cells; second to determine the validity of application of vEXOs in the treatment of unexplained RPL (uRPL) through in vitro experiments and mouse models. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from villus explants by ultracentrifugation, co-cultured with dNK cells, and purified by enzymatic digestion and magnetically activated cell sorting. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and RT-qPCR were used to determine IFN-γ levels. Comparative miRNA analysis of vEXOs from induced abortion (IA) and uRPL patients was used to screen potential candidates involved in dNK regulation, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. IA-vEXOs were electroporated with therapeutic miRNAs and encapsulated in a China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)-approved hyaluronate gel (HA-Gel), which has been used as a clinical biomaterial in cell therapy for > 30 years. In vivo tracking was performed using 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyaine iodide (DiR) labelling. Tail-vein and uterine horn injections were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of the engineered exosomes in an abortion-prone mouse model (CBA/J × DBA/2 J). Placental growth was evaluated based on placental weight. IFN-γ mRNA levels in mouse placentas were measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in dNK cells of uRPL patients than in IA patients. Both uRPL-vEXOs and IA-vEXOs could be efficiently internalized by dNK cells, whereas uRPL-vEXOs could not reduce the expression of IFN-γ by dNK cells as much as IA-vEXOs. Mechanistically, miR-29a-3p was delivered by vEXOs to inhibit IFN-γ production by binding to the 3' UTR of IFN-γ mRNA in dNK cells. For in vivo treatment, application of the HA-Gel effectively prolonged the residence time of vEXOs in the uterine cavity via sustained release. Engineered vEXOs loaded with miR-29a-3p reduced the embryo resorption rate in RPL mice with no signs of systemic toxicity. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that villi can regulate dNK cell production of IFN-γ via exosome-mediated transfer of miR-29a-3p, which deepens our understanding of maternal-fetal immune tolerance for pregnancy maintenance. Based on this, we developed a new strategy to mix engineered vEXOs with HA-Gel, which exhibited good therapeutic effects in mice with uRPL and could be used for potential clinical applications in uRPL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqin Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Kobayashi H, Shiba T, Yoshida T, Bolidong D, Kato K, Sato Y, Mochizuki M, Seto T, Kawashiri S, Hanayama R. Precise analysis of single small extracellular vesicles using flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7465. [PMID: 38553534 PMCID: PMC10980769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods that enable specific and sensitive quantification of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) using flow cytometry are still under development. Aggregation or adsorption of antibodies causes sub-nano sized particles or non-specific binding and largely affects the results of flow cytometric analysis of single sEVs. Comparison of control IgG and target-specific IgG is inappropriate because they have different characters. Here, we evaluate four preparation methods for flow cytometry, including ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and the TIM4-affinity method by using tetraspanin-deficient sEVs. The ultracentrifugation or density gradient centrifugation preparation method has large false-positive rates for tetraspanin staining. Conversely, preparation methods using SEC or the TIM4-affinity method show specific detection of single sEVs, which elucidate the roles of sEV biogenesis regulators in the generation of sEV subpopulations. The methods are also useful for the detection of rare disease-related markers, such as PD-L1. Flow cytometric analysis using SEC or the TIM4-affinity method could accelerate research into sEV biogenesis and the development of sEV-based diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisano Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiba
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Dilireba Bolidong
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koroku Kato
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Takafumi Seto
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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14
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Doan TA, Forward TS, Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Fleming I, Uecker-Martin A, Ayala E, Guthmiller JJ, Hesselberth JR, Morrison TE, Tamburini BAJ. Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38514656 PMCID: PMC10957963 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigens from viruses or immunizations can persist or are archived in lymph node stromal cells such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Here, we find that, during the time frame of antigen archiving, LEC apoptosis caused by a second, but unrelated, innate immune stimulus such as vaccina viral infection or CpG DNA administration resulted in cross-presentation of archived antigens and boosted memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen. In contrast to "bystander" activation associated with unrelated infections, the memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen from the immunization were significantly higher than memory CD8 + T cells of a different antigen specificity. Finally, the boosted memory CD8 + T cells resulted in increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes expressing the antigen from the immunization, but only for the duration that the antigen was archived. These findings outline an important mechanism by which lymph node stromal cell archived antigens, in addition to bystander activation, can augment memory CD8 + T cell responses during repeated inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadg S Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aspen Uecker-Martin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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15
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Liu L, Tang L, Luo JM, Chen SY, Yi CY, Liu XM, Hu CH. Activation of the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway during endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:502-516. [PMID: 37880338 PMCID: PMC10834998 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ) is a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug with a relatively ideal effect in the treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, its severe metabolic side effects often deteriorate clinical therapeutic compliance and mental rehabilitation. The peripheral mechanism of OLZ-induced metabolic disorders remains abstruse for its muti-target activities. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in cellular energy metabolism and the progression of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress in the development of OLZ-induced dyslipidemia. A cohort of 146 SCZ patients receiving OLZ monotherapy was recruited, and blood samples and clinical data were collected at baseline, and in the 4th week, 12th week, and 24th week of the treatment. This case-control study revealed that OLZ treatment significantly elevated serum levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP in SCZ patients with dyslipidemia. In HepG2 cells, treatment with OLZ (25, 50 μM) dose-dependently enhanced hepatic de novo lipogenesis accompanied by SREBPs activation, and simultaneously triggered ER stress. Inhibition of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) and 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) attenuated OLZ-induced lipid dysregulation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that activation of PERK-CHOP signaling during ER stress was a major contributor to OLZ-triggered abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver, suggesting that PERK could be a potential target for ameliorating the development of OLZ-mediated lipid dysfunction. Taken together, ER stress inhibitors could be a potentially effective intervention against OLZ-induced dyslipidemia in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing, 400715, China
- School of Mental Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Mental Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Jia-Ming Luo
- School of Mental Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
- Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Affiliated Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yi
- Affiliated Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chang-Hua Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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16
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Song J, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Kouis P, Rasmussen LJ, Dai F. Effects of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction on reproductive aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1347286. [PMID: 38465288 PMCID: PMC10920300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1347286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the versatile organelles crucial for cellular and organismal viability, play a pivotal role in meeting the energy requirements of cells through the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, concomitant with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A wealth of evidence derived from contemporary investigations on reproductive longevity strongly indicates that the aberrant elevation of ROS level constitutes a fundamental factor in hastening the aging process of reproductive systems which are responsible for transmission of DNA to future generations. Constant changes in redox status, with a pro-oxidant shift mainly through the mitochondrial generation of ROS, are linked to the modulation of physiological and pathological pathways in gametes and reproductive tissues. Furthermore, the quantity and quality of mitochondria essential to capacitation and fertilization are increasingly associated with reproductive aging. The article aims to provide current understanding of the contributions of ROS derived from mitochondrial respiration to the process of reproductive aging. Moreover, understanding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on both female and male fertility is conducive to finding therapeutic strategies to slow, prevent or reverse the process of gamete aging, and thereby increase reproductive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panayiotis Kouis
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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18
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Wang S, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Liu M, Gao Q, Zhang C. Harnessing the potential of HLA-G in cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and prospects. J Transl Med 2024; 22:130. [PMID: 38310272 PMCID: PMC10838004 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockades have been prized in circumventing and ablating the impediments posed by immunosuppressive receptors, reaching an exciting juncture to be an innovator in anticancer therapy beyond traditional therapeutics. Thus far, approved immune checkpoint blockades have principally targeted PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 with exciting success in a plethora of tumors and yet are still trapped in dilemmas of limited response rates and adverse effects. Hence, unveiling new immunotherapeutic targets has aroused immense scientific interest in the hope of expanding the clinical application of immune checkpoint blockades to scale new heights. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, is enriched on various malignant cells and is involved in the hindrance of immune effector cells and the facilitation of immunosuppressive cells. HLA-G stands out as a crucial next-generation immune checkpoint showing great promise for the benefit of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the expression pattern and immunological functions of HLA-G, as well as its interaction with well-characterized immune checkpoints. Since HLA-G can be shed from the cell surface or released by various cells as free soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) or as part of extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely HLA-G-bearing EVs (HLA-GEV), we discuss the potential of sHLA-G and HLA-GEV as predictive biomarkers. This review also addresses the advancement of HLA-G-based therapies in preclinical and clinical settings, with a focus on their clinical application in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yueqiang Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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19
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Wolpe AG, Luse MA, Baryiames C, Schug WJ, Wolpe JB, Johnstone SR, Dunaway LS, Juśkiewicz ZJ, Loeb SA, Askew Page HR, Chen YL, Sabapathy V, Pavelec CM, Wakefield B, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Artamonov MV, Somlyo AV, Straub AC, Sharma R, Beier F, Barrett EJ, Leitinger N, Pagano PJ, Sonkusare SK, Redemann S, Columbus L, Penuela S, Isakson BE. Pannexin-3 stabilizes the transcription factor Bcl6 in a channel-independent manner to protect against vascular oxidative stress. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg2622. [PMID: 38289985 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted degradation regulates the activity of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and its ability to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we report that abundance of endothelial Bcl6 is determined by its interaction with Golgi-localized pannexin 3 (Panx3) and that Bcl6 transcriptional activity protects against vascular oxidative stress. Consistent with data from obese, hypertensive humans, mice with an endothelial cell-specific deficiency in Panx3 had spontaneous systemic hypertension without obvious changes in channel function, as assessed by Ca2+ handling, ATP amounts, or Golgi luminal pH. Panx3 bound to Bcl6, and its absence reduced Bcl6 protein abundance, suggesting that the interaction with Panx3 stabilized Bcl6 by preventing its degradation. Panx3 deficiency was associated with increased expression of the gene encoding the H2O2-producing enzyme Nox4, which is normally repressed by Bcl6, resulting in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in the vasculature. Catalase rescued impaired vasodilation in mice lacking endothelial Panx3. Administration of a newly developed peptide to inhibit the Panx3-Bcl6 interaction recapitulated the increase in Nox4 expression and in blood pressure seen in mice with endothelial Panx3 deficiency. Panx3-Bcl6-Nox4 dysregulation occurred in obesity-related hypertension, but not when hypertension was induced in the absence of obesity. Our findings provide insight into a channel-independent role of Panx3 wherein its interaction with Bcl6 determines vascular oxidative state, particularly under the adverse conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Wolpe
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Wyatt J Schug
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jacob B Wolpe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zuzanna J Juśkiewicz
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Henry R Askew Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M Pavelec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mykhaylo V Artamonov
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Oncology (Division of Experimental Oncology), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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20
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Li JH, Zhang DY, Zhu JM, Dong L. Clinical applications and perspectives of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:13. [PMID: 38184573 PMCID: PMC10770949 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, largely due to inadequate screening methods, late diagnosis, and limited treatment options. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for cancer screening and prognosis by detecting circulating tumor components like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood. Numerous gastric cancer-specific ctDNA biomarkers have now been identified. CtDNA analysis provides insight into genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumors, holding promise for predicting treatment response and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. This review summarizes current research on ctDNA biology and detection technologies, while highlighting clinical applications of ctDNA for gastric cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding treatment decisions. Current challenges and future perspectives for ctDNA analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Han Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Hyung S, Ko J, Heo YJ, Blum SM, Kim ST, Park SH, Park JO, Kang WK, Lim HY, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Patient-derived exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic MET in advanced gastric cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1098. [PMID: 38000030 PMCID: PMC10672184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites continues to have poor prognosis. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication during cancer progression and promote therapeutic resistance. Here, we report the significance of exosomes derived from malignant ascites (EXOAscites) in cancer progression and use modified exosomes as resources for cancer therapy. EXOAscites from patients with GC stimulated invasiveness and angiogenesis in an ex vivo three-dimensional autologous tumor spheroid microfluidic system. EXOAscites concentration increased invasiveness, and blockade of their secretion suppressed tumor progression. In MET-amplified GC, EXOAscites contain abundant MET; their selective delivery to tumor cells enhanced angiogenesis and invasiveness. Exosomal MET depletion substantially reduced invasiveness; an additive therapeutic effect was induced when combined with MET and/or VEGFR2 inhibition in a patient-derived MET-amplified GC model. Allogeneic MET-harboring exosome delivery induced invasion and angiogenesis in a MET non-amplified GC model. MET-amplified patient tissues showed higher exosome concentration than their adjacent normal tissues. Manipulating exosome content and production may be a promising complementary strategy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Steven M. Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Asleh K, Dery V, Taylor C, Davey M, Djeungoue-Petga MA, Ouellette RJ. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology. Biomark Res 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37978566 PMCID: PMC10655470 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed to the dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter the microenvironment. While to date most advancements have been made through examining the clinical utility of tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature and lack of a holistic representation of the evolving disease in a real-time manner could result in suboptimal treatment decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches to identify biomarkers that predict and monitor treatment response as well as alert to the emergence of recurrences is of a critical need. Currently, research efforts are shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers obtained from patients over the course of disease. Liquid biopsy represents a unique opportunity to monitor intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment which could occur through the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale vesicles which transfer a plethora of biomolecules that mediate intercellular crosstalk, shape the tumor microenvironment, and modify drug response. The capture of EVs using innovative approaches, such as microfluidics, magnetic beads, and aptamers, allow their analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques and facilitate their use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning algorithms, is advancing multi-omics analyses to uncover candidate biomarkers and predictive signatures that are key for translation into clinical trials. With the increasing recognition of the role of EVs in mediating immune evasion and as a valuable biomarker source, these real-time snapshots of cellular communication are promising to become an important tool in the field of precision oncology and spur the recognition of strategies to block resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of EVs in biomarker research describing current advances in their isolation and analysis techniques as well as their function as mediators in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight recent lung cancer and melanoma studies that point towards their application as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and their potential clinical use in precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Valerie Dery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Michelle Davey
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Dr Georges L. Dumont University Hospital, Vitalite Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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23
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Borràs DM, Verbandt S, Ausserhofer M, Sturm G, Lim J, Verge GA, Vanmeerbeek I, Laureano RS, Govaerts J, Sprooten J, Hong Y, Wall R, De Hertogh G, Sagaert X, Bislenghi G, D'Hoore A, Wolthuis A, Finotello F, Park WY, Naulaerts S, Tejpar S, Garg AD. Single cell dynamics of tumor specificity vs bystander activity in CD8 + T cells define the diverse immune landscapes in colorectal cancer. Cell Discov 2023; 9:114. [PMID: 37968259 PMCID: PMC10652011 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell activation via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is successful in microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. By comparison, the success of immunotherapy against microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC is limited. Little is known about the most critical features of CRC CD8+ T cells that together determine the diverse immune landscapes and contrasting ICB responses. Hence, we pursued a deep single cell mapping of CRC CD8+ T cells on transcriptomic and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire levels in a diverse patient cohort, with additional surface proteome validation. This revealed that CRC CD8+ T cell dynamics are underscored by complex interactions between interferon-γ signaling, tumor reactivity, TCR repertoire, (predicted) TCR antigen-specificities, and environmental cues like gut microbiome or colon tissue-specific 'self-like' features. MSI CRC CD8+ T cells showed tumor-specific activation reminiscent of canonical 'T cell hot' tumors, whereas the MSS CRC CD8+ T cells exhibited tumor unspecific or bystander-like features. This was accompanied by inflammation reminiscent of 'pseudo-T cell hot' tumors. Consequently, MSI and MSS CRC CD8+ T cells showed overlapping phenotypic features that differed dramatically in their TCR antigen-specificities. Given their high discriminating potential for CD8+ T cell features/specificities, we used the single cell tumor-reactive signaling modules in CD8+ T cells to build a bulk tumor transcriptome classification for CRC patients. This "Immune Subtype Classification" (ISC) successfully distinguished various tumoral immune landscapes that showed prognostic value and predicted immunotherapy responses in CRC patients. Thus, we deliver a unique map of CRC CD8+ T cells that drives a novel tumor immune landscape classification, with relevance for immunotherapy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales Borràs
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Verbandt
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Markus Ausserhofer
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Molecular Biology, Digital Science Center (DiSC), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jinyeong Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Arasa Verge
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S Laureano
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yourae Hong
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Wall
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bislenghi
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André D'Hoore
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albert Wolthuis
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Finotello
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Molecular Biology, Digital Science Center (DiSC), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Stress and Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Sohrabi K, Ahmadi H, Amini A, Ahrabi B, Mostafavinia A, Omidi H, Mirzaei M, Fadaei Fathabady F, Fridoni M, Rahmannia M, Chien S, Bayat M. Promising improvement in infected Wound Healing in Type two Diabetic rats by Combined effects of conditioned medium of human adipose-derived stem cells plus Photobiomodulation. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:29. [PMID: 37964303 PMCID: PMC10648630 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the accompanying and solo impacts of conditioned medium of human adipose-derived stem cells (h-ASC-COM) and photobiomodulation (PBM) on the maturation stage of an ischemic infected delayed-healing wound model (IIDHWM) of rats with type 2 diabetes (TIIDM). RESULTS Outcomes of the wound closure ratio (WCR) results, tensiometrical microbiological, and stereological assessment followed almost identical patterns. While the outcomes of h-ASC-COM + PBM, PBM only, and h-ASC-COM only regimes were significantly better for all evaluated methods than those of group 1(all, p < 0.001), PBM alone and h-ASC-COM + PBM therapy achieved superior results than h-ASC-COM only (ranged from p = 0.05 to p < 0.001). In terms of tensiometrical and stereological examinations, the results of h-ASC-COM + PBM experienced better results than the PBM only (all, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS h-ASC-COM + PBM, PBM, and h-ASC-COM cures expressively accelerated the maturation stage in the wound healing process of IIDHWM with MRSA in TIIDM rats by diminishing the inflammatory reaction, and the microbial flora of MRSA; and increasing wound strength, WCR, number of fibroblasts, and new blood vessels. While the h-ASC-COM + PBM and PBM were more suitable than the effect of h-ASC-COM, the results of h-ASC-COM + PBM were superior to PBM only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaysan Sohrabi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houssein Ahmadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Omidi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabady
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Fridoni
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmannia
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sufan Chien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Kim SJ, Seo I, Kim MH, Park JW, Kim S, Park WJ. Ceramide synthase 4 overexpression exerts oncogenic properties in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37885013 PMCID: PMC10605224 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide, a bioactive signaling sphingolipid, has long been implicated in cancer. Members of the ceramide synthase (CerS) family determine the acyl chain lengths of ceramides, with ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) primarily generating C18-C20-ceramide. Although CerS4 is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, its role in breast cancer pathogenesis is not well established. METHODS To investigate the role of CerS4 in breast cancer, public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE115577 and GSE96058) were analyzed. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells stably overexpressing CerS4 (MCF-7/CerS4) as a model for luminal subtype A (LumA) breast cancer were produced, and doxorubicin (also known as Adriamycin [AD])-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells were generated after prolonged treatment of MCF-7 cells with doxorubicin. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the clinical significance of CERS4 expression, while Student's t-tests or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) compared gene expression and cell viability in different MCF-7 cell lines. RESULTS Analysis of the public datasets revealed elevated CERS4 expression in breast cancer, especially in the most common breast cancer subtype, LumA. Persistent CerS4 overexpression in MCF-7 cells activated multiple cancer-associated pathways, including pathways involving sterol regulatory element-binding protein, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and β-catenin. Furthermore, MCF-7/CerS4 cells acquired doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and tamoxifen resistance, with concomitant upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, such as ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC4, and ABCG2. MCF-7/CerS4 cells were characterized by increased cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, CERS4 knockdown in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells resulted in reduced activation of cancer-associated pathways (NF-κB, Akt/mTOR, β-catenin, and EMT) and diminished chemoresistance, accompanied by ABCB1 and ABCC1 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Chronic CerS4 overexpression may exert oncogenic effects in breast cancer via alterations in signaling, EMT, and chemoresistance. Therefore, CerS4 may represent an attractive target for anticancer therapy, especially in LumA breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Heukseok-lo 84, DongJak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Heukseok-lo 84, DongJak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Martín-Núñez E, Goñi-Olóriz M, Matilla L, Garaikoetxea M, Mourino-Alvarez L, Navarro A, Fernández-Celis A, Tamayo I, Gainza A, Álvarez V, Sádaba R, Barderas MG, Jover E, López-Andrés N. Influence of diabetes mellitus on the pathological profile of aortic stenosis: a sex-based approach. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:280. [PMID: 37848892 PMCID: PMC10583330 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates the progression of aortic stenosis (AS), but how their underlying molecular mechanisms interact is not clear. Moreover, whether DM contributes to clinically relevant sex-differences in AS is unknown. In this work we aim to characterize the sex-specific profile of major pathological mechanisms fundamental to aortic valve (AV) degeneration in AS patients with or without concomitant DM. METHODS 283 patients with severe AS undergoing surgical valve replacement (27.6% DM, 59.4% men) were recruited. Expression of pathological markers related to AS were thoroughly assessed in AVs and valve interstitial cells (VICs) according to sex and presence of DM. Complementary in vitro experiments in VICs in the presence of high-glucose levels (25 mM) for 24, 48 and 72 h were performed. RESULTS Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction markers were increased in AVs from diabetic AS patients compared to non-diabetic patients in both sexes. However, disbalanced oxidative stress and enhanced inflammation were more predominant in AVs from male AS diabetic patients. Osteogenic markers were exclusively increased in the AVs of diabetic women. Basal characterization of VICs confirmed that oxidative stress, inflammation, calcification, and metabolic alteration profiles were increased in diabetic VICs with sex-specific differences. VICs cultured in hyperglycemic-like conditions triggered inflammatory responses in men, whereas in women rapid and higher production of pro-osteogenic molecules. CONCLUSIONS DM produces sex-specific pathological phenotypes in AV of AS patients. Importantly, women with diabetes are more prone to develop AV calcification. DM should be considered as a risk factor in AS especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Goñi-Olóriz
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lara Matilla
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mattie Garaikoetxea
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Adela Navarro
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Research Methodology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gainza
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Álvarez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Sádaba
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Eva Jover
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Kim JY, Lee HY, Lee SY, Kim SY, Park JL, Lee SD. DNA methylome profiling of blood to identify individuals in a pair of monozygotic twins. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1273-1279. [PMID: 37198375 PMCID: PMC10504115 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short tandem repeat (STR) markers cannot be used to distinguish between genetically identical monozygotic (MZ) twins, causing problems in a case with an MZ twin as a suspect. Many studies have shown that in older MZ twins, there are significant differences in overall content and genomic distribution of methylation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyzed the DNA methylome profile of blood to identify recurrent differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) to discriminate between MZ twins. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 47 paired MZ twins. We performed the DNA methylation profiling using the HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip platform and identified recurrent DMCs between MZ twins. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and motif enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the biological functions of recurrent DMCs. We collected DNA methylome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database to verify the recurrent DMCs between MZ twins. RESULTS We identified recurrent DMCs between MZ twin samples and observed that they were enriched in immune-related genes. In addition, we verified our DMCs in a public dataset. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the methylation level at recurrent DMCs between MZ twins may serve as a valuable biomarker for identification of individuals in a pair of MZ twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yoon Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Ellen JG, Jacob E, Nikolaou N, Markuzon N. Autoencoder-based multimodal prediction of non-small cell lung cancer survival. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15761. [PMID: 37737469 PMCID: PMC10517020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately predict non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient survival is crucial for informing physician decision-making, and the increasing availability of multi-omics data offers the promise of enhancing prognosis predictions. We present a multimodal integration approach that leverages microRNA, mRNA, DNA methylation, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and clinical data to predict NSCLC survival and identify patient subtypes, utilizing denoising autoencoders for data compression and integration. Survival performance for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) was compared across modality combinations and data integration methods. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, our results demonstrate that survival prediction models combining multiple modalities outperform single modality models. The highest performance was achieved with a combination of only two modalities, lncRNA and clinical, at concordance indices (C-indices) of 0.69 ± 0.03 for LUAD and 0.62 ± 0.03 for LUSC. Models utilizing all five modalities achieved mean C-indices of 0.67 ± 0.04 and 0.63 ± 0.02 for LUAD and LUSC, respectively, while the best individual modality performance reached C-indices of 0.64 ± 0.03 for LUAD and 0.59 ± 0.03 for LUSC. Analysis of biological differences revealed two distinct survival subtypes with over 900 differentially expressed transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Ellen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Etai Jacob
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Data Science, Waltham, MA, USA
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29
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Wang Y, Gao T, Wang B. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for anti-senescence and clinical challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:260. [PMID: 37726805 PMCID: PMC10510299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a hot topic nowadays, which shows the accumulation of senescent cells and inflammatory factors, leading to the occurrence of various senescence-related diseases. Although some methods have been identified to partly delay senescence, such as strengthening exercise, restricting diet, and some drugs, these only slow down the process of senescence and cannot fundamentally delay or even reverse senescence. Stem cell-based therapy is expected to be a potential effective way to alleviate or cure senescence-related disorders in the coming future. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most widely used cell type in treating various diseases due to their potentials of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, paracrine action, and immunoregulatory effects. Some biological characteristics of MSCs can be well targeted at the pathological features of aging. Therefore, MSC-based therapy is also a promising strategy to combat senescence-related diseases. Here we review the recent progresses of MSC-based therapies in the research of age-related diseases and the challenges in clinical application, proving further insight and reference for broad application prospects of MSCs in effectively combating senesce in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Gao
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Kim DH, Park H, Choi YJ, Im K, Lee CW, Kim DS, Pack CG, Kim HY, Choi CM, Lee JC, Ji W, Rho JK. Identification of exosomal microRNA panel as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for small cell lung cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:80. [PMID: 37705067 PMCID: PMC10500735 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has an exceptionally poor prognosis; as most of the cases are initially diagnosed as extensive disease with hematogenous metastasis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of SCLC is very important and may improve its prognosis. METHODS To investigate the feasibility of early diagnosis of SCLC, we examined exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) present in serum obtained from patients with SCLC. First, exosomes were isolated in serum from patients with SCLC and healthy individuals and were characterized using particle size and protein markers. Additionally, miRNA array was performed to define SCLC-specific exosomal miRNAs. Second, the obtained miRNAs were further validated employing a large cohort. Finally, the ability to diagnose SCLC was estimated by area under the curve (AUC), and intracellular mRNA change patterns were verified through validated miRNAs. RESULTS From the miRNA array results, we selected 51-miRNAs based on p-values and top 10 differentially expressed genes, and 25-miRNAs were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The 25-miRNAs were further validated employing a large cohort. Among them, 7-miRNAs showed significant differences. Furthermore, 6-miRNAs (miR-3565, miR-3124-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-6515, miR-3126-3p and miR-9-5p) were up-regulated and 1-miRNA (miR-92b-5p) was down-regulated. The AUC value of each miRNA sets between 0.64 and 0.76, however the combined application of 3-miRNAs (miR-200b-3p, miR-3124-5p and miR-92b-5p) remarkably improved the diagnostic value (AUC = 0.93). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the 3-miRNA panel is linked to various oncogene pathways and nervous system development. When the 3-miRNAs were introduced to cells, the resulting changes in total mRNA expression strongly indicated the presence of lung diseases, including lung cancer. In addition, the 3-miRNA panel was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis, although individual miRNAs have not been validated as prognostic markers. CONCLUSION Our study identified SCLC-specific exosomal miRNAs, and the 3-miRNAs panel (miR-200b-3p, miR-3124-5p and miR-92b-5p) may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojeong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, AMIST, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jung Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Im
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, AMIST, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, AMIST, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- NGeneS Inc, Asan-Si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary Critical and Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 05505, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Ji
- Department of Pulmonary Critical and Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Li Y, Ye J, Xu S, Wang J. Circulating noncoding RNAs: promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of NSCLC. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 37526759 PMCID: PMC10393935 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common malignant tumor in the world, lung cancer is a great threat to human health. In the past several decades, the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in lung cancer as a class of regulatory RNAs have been studied intensively. In particular, ncRNAs in body fluids have attracted increasing attention as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis and for the evaluation of lung cancer treatment due to their low invasiveness and accessibility. As emerging tumor biomarkers in lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs are easy to obtain, independent of tissue specimens, and can well reflect the occurrence and progression of tumors due to their correlation with some biological processes in tumors. Circulating ncRNAs have a very high potential to serve as biomarkers and hold promise for the development of ncRNA-based therapeutics. In the current study, there has been extensive evidence that circulating ncRNA has clinical significance and value as a biomarker. In this review, we summarize how ncRNAs are generated and enter the circulation, remaining stable for subsequent detection. The feasibility of circulating ncRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer is also summarized. In the current systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs can also predict drug resistance, adverse reactions, and other events in targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy and have promising potential to guide the systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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Torres JA, Brito ABC, Silva VSE, Messias IM, Braun AC, Ruano APC, Buim MEC, Carraro DM, Chinen LTD. CD47 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Is a Poor Prognosis Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11958. [PMID: 37569332 PMCID: PMC10419161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and/or circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may be a non-invasive tool for prognosis, acting as liquid biopsy. CTCs interact with platelets through the transforming growth factor-β/transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 (TGF-β/TGFβRI) forming clusters. CTCs also may express the Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein, responsible for the inhibition of phagocytosis, the "don't eat me" signal to macrophages. OBJECTIVES To isolate, quantify and analyze CTCs/CTMs from metastatic NSCLC patients, identify TGFβRI/CD47 expression in CTCs/CTMs, and correlate with progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS Blood (10 mL) was collected at two time-points: T1 (before the beginning of any line of treatment; T2 (60 days after initial collection). CTCs were isolated using ISET®. Immunocytochemistry was conducted to evaluate TGFβRI/CD47 expression. RESULTS 45 patients were evaluated. CTCs were observed in 82.2% of patients at T1 (median: 1 CTC/mL; range: 0.33-11.33 CTCs/mL) and 94.5% at T2 (median: 1.33 CTC/mL; 0.33-9.67). CTMs were observed in 24.5% of patients and significantly associated with poor PFS (10 months vs. 17 months for those without clusters; p = 0.05) and disease progression (p = 0.017). CTMs CD47+ resulted in poor PFS (p = 0.041). TGFβRI expression in CTCs/CTMs was not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION In this study, we observed that CTC/CTM from NSCLC patients express the immune evasion markers TGFβRI/CD47. The presence of CTMs CD47+ is associated with poor PFS. This was the first study to investigate CD47 expression in CTCs/CTM of patients with NSCLC and its association with poor PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virgilio Souza e Silva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Iara Monique Messias
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Alexcia Camila Braun
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Anna Paula Carreta Ruano
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil
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Boeddrich A, Haenig C, Neuendorf N, Blanc E, Ivanov A, Kirchner M, Schleumann P, Bayraktaroğlu I, Richter M, Molenda CM, Sporbert A, Zenkner M, Schnoegl S, Suenkel C, Schneider LS, Rybak-Wolf A, Kochnowsky B, Byrne LM, Wild EJ, Nielsen JE, Dittmar G, Peters O, Beule D, Wanker EE. A proteomics analysis of 5xFAD mouse brain regions reveals the lysosome-associated protein Arl8b as a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Genome Med 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 37468900 PMCID: PMC10357615 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the intra- and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. How Aβ aggregates perturb the proteome in brains of patients and AD transgenic mouse models, remains largely unclear. State-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) methods can comprehensively detect proteomic alterations, providing relevant insights unobtainable with transcriptomics investigations. Analyses of the relationship between progressive Aβ aggregation and protein abundance changes in brains of 5xFAD transgenic mice have not been reported previously. METHODS We quantified progressive Aβ aggregation in hippocampus and cortex of 5xFAD mice and controls with immunohistochemistry and membrane filter assays. Protein changes in different mouse tissues were analyzed by MS-based proteomics using label-free quantification; resulting MS data were processed using an established pipeline. Results were contrasted with existing proteomic data sets from postmortem AD patient brains. Finally, abundance changes in the candidate marker Arl8b were validated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients and controls using ELISAs. RESULTS Experiments revealed faster accumulation of Aβ42 peptides in hippocampus than in cortex of 5xFAD mice, with more protein abundance changes in hippocampus, indicating that Aβ42 aggregate deposition is associated with brain region-specific proteome perturbations. Generating time-resolved data sets, we defined Aβ aggregate-correlated and anticorrelated proteome changes, a fraction of which was conserved in postmortem AD patient brain tissue, suggesting that proteome changes in 5xFAD mice mimic disease-relevant changes in human AD. We detected a positive correlation between Aβ42 aggregate deposition in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice and the abundance of the lysosome-associated small GTPase Arl8b, which accumulated together with axonal lysosomal membranes in close proximity of extracellular Aβ plaques in 5xFAD brains. Abnormal aggregation of Arl8b was observed in human AD brain tissue. Arl8b protein levels were significantly increased in CSF of AD patients. CONCLUSIONS We report a comprehensive biochemical and proteomic investigation of hippocampal and cortical brain tissue derived from 5xFAD transgenic mice, providing a valuable resource to the neuroscientific community. We identified Arl8b, with significant abundance changes in 5xFAD and AD patient brains. Arl8b might enable the measurement of progressive lysosome accumulation in AD patients and have clinical utility as a candidate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Boeddrich
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Haenig
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Neuendorf
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schleumann
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irem Bayraktaroğlu
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Mirjam Molenda
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Zenkner
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schnoegl
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Suenkel
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa-Sophie Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Rybak-Wolf
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Kochnowsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lauren M Byrne
- UCL Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Edward J Wild
- UCL Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 8008, Inge Lehmanns Vej 8, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Proteomics of Cellular Signalling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1a Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Hirata Y, Noorani A, Song S, Wang L, Ajani JA. Early stage gastric adenocarcinoma: clinical and molecular landscapes. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:453-469. [PMID: 37264184 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma, even when diagnosed at an early (localized) disease stage, poses a major health-care burden with cure rates that remain unsatisfactorily low, particularly in Western countries. This lack of progress reflects, among other aspects, the impracticality of early diagnosis, considerable variations in therapeutic approaches that is partly based on regional preferences, and the ingrained heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and their associated tumour microenvironment (TME). Clinical trials have long applied empirical interventions with the assumption that all early stage gastric adenocarcinomas are alike. Despite certain successes, the shortcomings of these approaches can potentially be overcome by targeting the specific molecular subsets of gastric adenocarcinomas identified by genomic and/or multi-omics analyses, including microsatellite instability-high, Epstein-Barr virus-induced, DNA damage repair-deficient, HER2-positive and PD-L1-high subtypes. Future approaches, including the availability of sophisticated vaccines, novel antibody technologies, agents targeting TME components (including fibroblasts, macrophages, cytokines or chemokines, and T cells) and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, supported by improved tissue-based and blood-based diagnostic assays, seem promising. In this Review, we highlight current knowledge of the molecular and cellular biology of gastric adenocarcinomas, summarize the current approaches to clinical management of the disease, and consider the role of novel management and/or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayesha Noorani
- Cancer Ageing and Somatic Mutation Group, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge Oesophago-gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Biswas S, Ghosh S, Maitra S. Role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in zebrafish oocytes: lessons from in vivo and in vitro investigations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1202693. [PMID: 37457295 PMCID: PMC10347385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal mitochondrial functioning is indispensable for acquiring oocyte competence and meiotic maturation, whilst mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to diminished reproductive potential and impaired fertility. The role of the intra-ovarian IGF system in ovarian follicular dynamics has been implicated earlier. Although several studies have demonstrated the role of the IGF axis in facilitating mitochondrial function over a multitude of cell lines, its role in oocyte energy metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here using zebrafish, the relative importance of IGF1 in modulating oocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics has been investigated. A dramatic increase in ovarian lhcgr and igf1 expression accompanied heightened ATP levels and mitochondrial polarization in full-grown (FG) oocytes resuming meiotic maturation and ovulation in vivo. Concomitant with elevated igf1 expression and IGF1R phosphorylation, hCG (LH analog) stimulation of FG follicles in vitro prompted a sharp increase in NRF-1 and ATP levels, suggesting a positive influence of gonadotropin action on igf1 expression vis-à-vis oocyte bioenergetics. While recombinant IGF1 administration enhanced mitochondrial function, IGF1R immunodepletion or priming with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin could abrogate NRF-1 immunoreactivity, expression of respiratory chain subunits, ΔΨM, and ATP content. Mechanistically, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in IGF1-treated follicles corroborated well with the rapid phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 (inactive) followed by PGC-1β accumulation. While selective inhibition of GSK3β promoted PGC-1β, Akt inhibition could abrogate IGF1-induced p-GSK3β (Ser9) and PGC-1β immunoreactive protein indicating Akt-mediated GSK3β inactivation and PGC-1β stabilization. The IGF1-depleted follicles showed elevated superoxide anions, subdued steroidogenic potential, and attenuated G2-M1 transition. In summary, this study highlights the importance of IGF1 signaling in oocyte bioenergetics prior to resumption of meiosis.
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Kao YC, Chang YW, Lai CP, Chang NW, Huang CH, Chen CS, Huang HC, Juan HF. Ectopic ATP synthase stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles in cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:642. [PMID: 37322056 PMCID: PMC10272197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a functional role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, quantitative proteomics reveals that cancer cells under starvation stress express higher eATP synthase and enhance the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are vital regulators within the tumor microenvironment. Further results show that eATP synthase generates extracellular ATP to stimulate EV secretion by enhancing P2X7 receptor-triggered Ca2+ influx. Surprisingly, eATP synthase is also located on the surface of tumor-secreted EVs. The EVs-surface eATP synthase increases the uptake of tumor-secreted EVs in Jurkat T-cells via association with Fyn, a plasma membrane protein found in immune cells. The eATP synthase-coated EVs uptake subsequently represses the proliferation and cytokine secretion of Jurkat T-cells. This study clarifies the role of eATP synthase on EV secretion and its influence on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Kao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Charles P Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Li J, Zhang Z, Zhuang Y, Wang F, Cai T. Small RNA transcriptome analysis using parallel single-cell small RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7501. [PMID: 37160973 PMCID: PMC10170110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA and other forms of small RNAs are known to regulate many biological processes. Single-cell small RNA sequencing can be used to profile small RNAs of individual cells; however, limitations of efficiency and scale prevent its widespread application. Here, we developed parallel single-cell small RNA sequencing (PSCSR-seq), which can overcome the limitations of existing methods and enable high-throughput small RNA expression profiling of individual cells. Analysis of PSCSR-seq data indicated that diverse cell types could be identified based on patterns of miRNA expression, and showed that miRNA content in nuclei is informative (for example, cell type marker miRNAs can be detected in isolated nuclei). PSCSR-seq is very sensitive: analysis of only 732 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) detected 774 miRNAs, whereas bulk small RNA analysis would require input RNA from approximately 106 cells to detect as many miRNAs. We identified 42 miRNAs as markers for PBMC subpopulations. Moreover, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of 9,533 cells from lung cancer biopsies, and by dissecting cell subpopulations, we identified potentially diagnostic and therapeutic miRNAs for lung cancers. Our study demonstrates that PSCSR-seq is highly sensitive and reproducible, thus making it an advanced tool for miRNA analysis in cancer and life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhuang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Liang L, Li D, Zeng R, Zhang H, Lv L, Wei W, Wan Z. Long- and very long-chain ceramides are predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the PEACP study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:92. [PMID: 37081501 PMCID: PMC10120114 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be caused by multiple factors/events, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ceramides are involved in atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular events, and renal damage. Almost no studies have been conducted on the relationship between ceramide concentrations and AKI events. Therefore, we evaluated the association between plasma ceramide level at admission and AKI in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS We enrolled 842 ACS patients from the Prospective Multicenter Study for Early Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain. AKI was defined using the criteria from the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Eleven C16-C26 ceramides were measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to tandem mass spectrometer procedure. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate relationships between ceramides and AKI risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was used to evaluate differences between ceramides. RESULTS Overall, 139 (16.5%) patients developed AKI during hospitalisation. Patients who developed AKI had higher levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/21:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and Cer(d18:1/24:2) than patients who did not (P < 0.05). In risk-factor adjusted logistic regression models, these ceramides were independently associated with AKI risk (P < 0.05). Cer(d18:1/24:2) had the highest odds ratio of 3.503 (Q4 vs. Q1, 95% confidence interval: 1.743-7.040, P < 0.001). Ceramides had AUCs of 0.581-0.661 (P < 0.001) for AKI. Each ceramide combined with the Mehran risk score (AUC: 0.780) had AUCs of 0.802-0.808, greater than the Mehran risk score alone. CONCLUSION Long-chain and very-long-chain ceramide levels may help determine the high AKI risk beyond traditional assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjing Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhi Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medical Center, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Maurya NS, Kushwah S, Kushwaha S, Chawade A, Mani A. Prognostic model development for classification of colorectal adenocarcinoma by using machine learning model based on feature selection technique boruta. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6413. [PMID: 37076536 PMCID: PMC10115869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type and accounts for nearly one million deaths worldwide. The CRC mRNA gene expression datasets from TCGA and GEO (GSE144259, GSE50760, and GSE87096) were analyzed to find the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These significant genes were further processed for feature selection through boruta and the confirmed features of importance (genes) were subsequently used for ML-based prognostic classification model development. These genes were analyzed for survival and correlation analysis between final genes and infiltrated immunocytes. A total of 770 CRC samples were included having 78 normal and 692 tumor tissue samples. 170 significant DEGs were identified after DESeq2 analysis along with the topconfects R package. The 33 confirmed features of importance-based RF prognostic classification model have given accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score of 100% with 0% standard deviation. The overall survival analysis had finalized GLP2R and VSTM2A genes that were significantly downregulated in tumor samples and had a strong correlation with immunocyte infiltration. The involvement of these genes in CRC prognosis was further confirmed on the basis of their biological function and literature analysis. The current findings indicate that GLP2R and VSTM2A may play a significant role in CRC progression and immune response suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shree Maurya
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India
| | - Shikha Kushwah
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India
| | - Sandeep Kushwaha
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India.
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Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Xiao N, Zheng Z, Liu H, Wan J. Liquid biopsy on the horizon in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges, and perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 37002211 PMCID: PMC10066332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most threatening malignancies to human health and life. In most cases, patients with NSCLC are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed. In recent years, lung cancer has made great progress in precision therapy, but the efficacy of immunotherapy is unstable, and its response rate varies from patient to patient. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Nevertheless, the detection assays are invasive and demanding on tumor tissue. To effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, novel biomarkers are needed to improve the performance of conventional biomarkers. Liquid biopsy is to capture and detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid as samples from patients, so as to make analysis and diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The application of liquid biopsy provides a new possible solution, as it has several advantages such as non-invasive, real-time dynamic monitoring, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has shown predictive value in immunotherapy, significantly improving the precision treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we review the application of liquid biopsy in predicting the outcomes of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Hu Z, Chen G, Zhao Y, Gao H, Li L, Yin Y, Jiang J, Wang L, Mang Y, Gao Y, Zhang S, Ran J, Li L. Exosome-derived circCCAR1 promotes CD8 + T-cell dysfunction and anti-PD1 resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:55. [PMID: 36932387 PMCID: PMC10024440 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be encapsulated into exosomes to participate in intercellular communication, affecting the malignant progression of a variety of tumors. Dysfunction of CD8 + T cells is the main factor in immune escape from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the effect of exosome-derived circRNAs on CD8 + T-cell dysfunction needs further exploration. METHODS The effect of circCCAR1 on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC was assessed by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. The function of circCCAR1 in CD8 + T-cell dysfunction was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting and flow cytometry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, biotinylated RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and MS2 pull-down assays were used to the exploration of mechanism. A mouse model with reconstituted human immune system components (huNSG mice) was constructed to explore the role of exosomal circCCAR1 in the resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in HCC. RESULTS Increased circCCAR1 levels existed in tumor tissues and exosomes in the plasma of HCC patients, in the culture supernatant and HCC cells. CircCCAR1 accelerated the growth and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. E1A binding protein p300 (EP300) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) promoted the biogenesis of circCCAR1, and Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP)-mediated m6A modification enhanced circCCAR1 stability by binding insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3). CircCCAR1 acted as a sponge for miR-127-5p to upregulate its target WTAP and a feedback loop comprising circCCAR1/miR-127-5p/WTAP axis was formed. CircCCAR1 is secreted by HCC cells in a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1)-dependent manner. Exosomal circCCAR1 was taken in by CD8 + T cells and caused dysfunction of CD8 + T cells by stabilizing the PD-1 protein. CircCCAR1 promoted resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Furthermore, increased cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) induced by EP300 promoted the binding of CCAR1 and β-catenin protein, which further enhanced the transcription of PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS The circCCAR1/miR-127-5p/WTAP feedback loop enhances the growth and metastasis of HCC. Exosomal circCCAR1 released by HCC cells contributes to immunosuppression by facilitating CD8 + T-cell dysfunction in HCC. CircCCAR1 induces resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Hu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongqiang Gao
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Laibang Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfeng Yin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyi Mang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengning Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jianghua Ran
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Fu R, Liu S, Zhu M, Zhu J, Chen M. Apigenin reduces the suppressive effect of exosomes derived from irritable bowel syndrome patients on the autophagy of human colon epithelial cells by promoting ATG14. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:95. [PMID: 36915121 PMCID: PMC10012571 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Exosomes have been involved in various pathological processes including IBS. Apigenin has been reported to suppress inflammatory bowel disease (IBS). However, the regulatory roles of exosomes derived from IBS patients (IBS-exos) on human colon epithelial cells are still unclear. METHODS Exosomes were collected from IBS patients (IBS-exos) and co-cultured with CACO-2 cells. Apigenin was used to treat IBS-exos-treated CACO-2 cells. By exploring the public data bank, we figured out the regulators control the autophagy of CACO-2 cells. RESULTS Administration of apigenin dose-dependently abolished the inhibitory effect of IBS-exo on the autophagy of CACO-2 cells. A mechanistic study showed that miR-148b-3p bound to 3'UTR to suppress ATG14 and decrease autophagy. Moreover, results suggested that ATG14 overexpression promoted the autophagy of CACO-2 cells in the presence of miR-148b-3p mimic. CONCLUSION The current study showed that apigenin dose-dependently abolished the inhibitory effect of IBS-exo on CACO-2 cell autophagy by regulating miR-148b-3p/ATG14 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Gucui Road 234, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Saiyue Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Gucui Road 234, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjin Zhu
- Department of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Zhejiang Province Center of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Gucui Road 234, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Gucui Road 234, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China.
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Kong K, Hu S, Yue J, Yang Z, Jabbour SK, Deng Y, Zhao B, Li F. Integrative genomic profiling reveals characteristics of lymph node metastasis in small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:295-311. [PMID: 36895932 PMCID: PMC9989804 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive lung cancer subtype, with more than 70% of patients having metastatic disease and a poor prognosis. However, no integrated multi-omics analysis has been performed to explore novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or significantly mutated genes (SMGs) associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in SCLC. Methods In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing were performed on tumor specimens to investigate the association between genomic and transcriptome alterations and LNM in SCLC patients with (N+, n=15) or without (N0, n=11) LNM. Results The results of WES revealed that the most common mutations occurred in TTN (85%) and TP53 (81%). The SMGs, including ZNF521, CDH10, ZNF429, POLE, and FAM135B, were associated with LNM. Cosmic signature analysis showed that mutation signatures 2, 4, and 7 were associated with LNM. Meanwhile, DEGs, including MAGEA4, FOXI3, RXFP2, and TRHDE, were found to be associated with LNM. Furthermore, we found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of RB1 (P=0.0087), AFF3 (P=0.058), TDG (P=0.05), and ANKRD28 (P=0.042) were significantly correlated with copy number variants (CNVs), and ANKRD28 expression was consistently lower in N+ tumors than in N0 tumors. Further validation in cBioPortal revealed a significant correlation between LNM and poor prognosis in SCLC (P=0.014), although there was no significant correlation between LNM and overall survival (OS) in our cohort (P=0.75). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first integrative genomics profiling of LNM in SCLC. Our findings are particularly important for early detection and the provision of reliable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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A new border for circadian rhythm gene NFIL3 in diverse fields of cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03098-5. [PMID: 36788184 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm disorder and abnormal expression of rhythm genes are related to many diseases, especially cancer. Rhythm gene NFIL3 is involved in energy metabolism and immune cell differentiation, and its aberrant expression is associated with metabolic diseases and inflammation. Previously, numerous studies have shown that aberrant NFIL3 expression is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and chemotherapy resistance. For instance, NFIL3 performs as a nuclear transcription factor, impacts cell proliferation, represses apoptosis, and promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis by regulating the transcription of target genes. In addition, NFIL3 expressed in cancer cells influences the type and proportion of infiltrated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Increased expression of NFIL3 induces the chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance in cancer. In this review, we summarized the pathological functions of NFIL3 in tumorigenesis, cancer development, and treatment. The rhythm gene NFIL3 can be used as a promising target in cancer therapy in the future.
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Wang YN, Zhang ZH, Liu HJ, Guo ZY, Zou L, Zhang YM, Zhao YY. Integrative phosphatidylcholine metabolism through phospholipase A 2 in rats with chronic kidney disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:393-405. [PMID: 35922553 PMCID: PMC9889763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also the important risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Although lipid abnormalities were identified in CKD, integral metabolic pathways for specific individual lipid species remain to be clarified. We conducted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and identified plasma lipid species and therapeutic effects of Rheum officinale in CKD rats. Adenine-induced CKD rats were administered Rheum officinale. Urine, blood and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that exogenous adenine consumption led to declining kidney function in rats. Compared with control rats, a panel of differential plasma lipid species in CKD rats was identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Among the 50 lipid species, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) accounted for the largest number of identified metabolites. We revealed that six PCs had integral metabolic pathways, in which PC was hydrolysed into LysoPC, and then converted to LysoPA, which was associated with increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein expression in CKD rats. The lower levels of six PCs and their corresponding metabolites could discriminate CKD rats from control rats. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that each individual lipid species had high values of area under curve, sensitivity and specificity. Administration of Rheum officinale significantly improved impaired kidney function and aberrant PC metabolism in CKD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CKD leads to PC metabolism disorders and that the dysregulation of PC metabolism is involved in CKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China.
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Kong W, Chen T, Li Y. Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Liquid Biopsy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:127-143. [PMID: 37450116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB), as a minimally invasive method of gleaning insight into the dynamics of diseases through a patient fluid sample, represents an interesting tool that can advise in disease monitoring, treatment selection, early diagnosis, evaluation of the response, and prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy is a breakthrough in cancer treatment, which is now recognized as the "fourth pillar" of cancer treatment, after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liquid biopsy offers a different befalling for beneath invasive diagnosis, real-time accommodating monitoring, and analysis options, involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The biomarkers herein have great potential to allow the realization of liquid biopsy for predicting the immunotherapy response and precision medicine. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative, less invasive approach to select cancer patients who would benefit from immunotherapy and to monitor patients during their disease course. This review focuses on the use of liquid biopsy in the immunotherapy treatment of patients with cancer. In this review, we addressed the different promising liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in cancer patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Kong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yixin Li
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Wang H, Wu S, Li Z, Zhang C, Shang X, Zhao C, Li Z, Lin J, Guo J, Wang Z. Molecular subtyping of small-cell lung cancer based on mutational signatures with different genomic features and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:665-679. [PMID: 36178064 PMCID: PMC9899606 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy characterized by extremely high alteration rates and tumor heterogeneity, which limits therapeutic options. In contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer that develops rapidly with precision oncology, SCLC still remains outside the realm of precision medicine. No recurrent and actionable mutations have been detected. Additionally, a paucity of substantive tumor specimens has made it even more difficult to classify SCLC subtypes based on genetic background. We therefore carried out whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the largest available Chinese SCLC cohort. For the first time, we partitioned SCLC patients into three clusters with different genomic alteration profiles and clinical features based on their mutational signatures. We showed that these clusters presented differences in intratumor heterogeneity and genome instability. Moreover, a wide existence of mutually exclusive gene alterations, typically within similar biological functions, was detected and suggested a high SCLC intertumoral heterogeneity. Particularly, Cluster 1 presented the greatest potential to benefit from immunotherapy, and Cluster 3 constituted recalcitrant SCLC, warranting biomarker-directed drug development and targeted therapies in clinical trials. Our study would provide an in-depth insight into the genome characteristics of the Chinese SCLC cohort, defining distinct molecular subtypes as well as subtype-specific therapies and biomarkers. We propose tailoring differentiated therapies for distinct molecular subgroups, centering on a personalized precision chemotherapy strategy combined with immunization or targeted therapy for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Shuangxiu Wu
- Division of Clinical ResearchBerry Oncology CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Division of BioinformationBerry Oncology CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated TherapyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jiamao Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
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Sánchez-Quevedo J, Ocampo-Rodríguez E, Alvarez-Ayala E, Rodríguez-López A, Duarte-Vázquez MA, Rosado JL, Rodríguez-Fragoso L. β-Hydroxyphosphocarnitine modifies fibrosis, steatosis and improves liver function in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:75. [PMID: 36175992 PMCID: PMC9520892 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation, steatosis, and liver fibrosis. The liver is particularly affected by alterations in lipid metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of β-hydroxyphosphocarnitine (β-HPC) on NASH induced in rats. METHODS NASH was produced via the ad libitum daily chronic administration of a fructose solution (400 kcal) for 9 weeks, an oral dose of fat solution (16 kcal) for 7 weeks and a subcutaneous injection of CCl4 (30%) two times a week for 2 weeks to Wistar rats. To evaluate the effect of β-HPC, a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered perorally for 4 weeks and its biochemical and hepatic effects on rats with NASH were analyzed. Serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and liver enzymes were quantified. Histological changes were evaluated on slices stained with H&E, trichromic and PAS. Glycogen content was measured in liver samples. α-SMA and SREBP-1 immunopositive cells were identified in liver tissue. RESULTS NASH was characterized by elevated triglycerides, elevated liver damage enzymes, and the presence of necrosis, inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Significant amounts of glycogen were found, along with α-SMA positive cells in fibrosis areas. The over-expression of SREBP-1 in cytoplasm and nuclei was evident. Animals with NASH treated with β-HPC showed a significant reduction in inflammation, necrosis, and glycogen content in the liver. A reduction in α-SMA and SREBP-1 immunopositive cells correlated with a significant reduction in the degree of fibrosis and steatosis found in liver tissue. β-HPC reduced the levels of ALP and GGT, and significantly reduced triglyceride levels. Animals treated with β-HPC did not show any alterations in liver enzyme function. CONCLUSIONS Our research shows that β-HPC can improve liver function and morphology in the case of NASH induced in rats, suggesting β-HPC could be potentially used in the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Sánchez-Quevedo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Ocampo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Ayala
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Anahí Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Exosomes carrying immune checkpoints, a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:183. [PMID: 36071295 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles generated by distinct cells. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles convey immunological checkpoint molecules. TEXs as critical mediators in tumor development, metastasis, and immune escape have recently become the focus of scientific research. Exosomes are involved in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes interact with target cells in the tumor microenvironment, changing their function based on the cargo they contain. Exosomal immune checkpoints might be exploited to track tumor immune evasion, treatment response, and patient prognosis while enhancing tumor cell proliferation and spread. This review focuses on tumor-derived exosomes, their immunosuppressive effects in mice models, and their role in cancer immunotherapy. Exosomes are being studied as possible cancer vaccines, with numerous uses in tumor immunotherapy. Exosomes can carry chemotherapeutics, siRNA, and monoclonal antibodies. Exosomes produced by macrophages might be used to treat cancer. These and other clinical consequences provide new doors for cancer treatment.
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50
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German B, Ellis L. Polycomb Directed Cell Fate Decisions in Development and Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 36135315 PMCID: PMC9497807 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of transcription regulators highly conserved throughout evolution. Their principal role is to epigenetically modify chromatin landscapes and control the expression of master transcriptional programs to determine cellular identity. The two mayor PcG protein complexes that have been identified in mammals to date are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). These protein complexes selectively repress gene expression via the induction of covalent post-translational histone modifications, promoting chromatin structure stabilization. PRC2 catalyzes the histone H3 methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), inducing heterochromatin structures. This activity is controlled by the formation of a multi-subunit complex, which includes enhancer of zeste (EZH2), embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED), and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12). This review will summarize the latest insights into how PRC2 in mammalian cells regulates transcription to orchestrate the temporal and tissue-specific expression of genes to determine cell identity and cell-fate decisions. We will specifically describe how PRC2 dysregulation in different cell types can promote phenotypic plasticity and/or non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, inducing the development of highly aggressive epithelial neuroendocrine carcinomas, including prostate, small cell lung, and Merkel cell cancer. With this, EZH2 has emerged as an important actionable therapeutic target in such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz German
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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