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Zare Jeddi M, Galea KS, Viegas S, Fantke P, Louro H, Theunis J, Govarts E, Denys S, Fillol C, Rambaud L, Kolossa-Gehring M, Santonen T, van der Voet H, Ghosh M, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Verhagen H, Duca RC, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Jones K, Sams C, Sepai O, Tranfo G, Bakker M, Palmen N, van Klaveren J, Scheepers PTJ, Paini A, Canova C, von Goetz N, Katsonouri A, Karakitsios S, Sarigiannis DA, Bessems J, Machera K, Harrad S, Hopf NB. FAIR environmental and health registry (FAIREHR)- supporting the science to policy interface and life science research, development and innovation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1116707. [PMID: 37342468 PMCID: PMC10278765 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental impact on health is an inevitable by-product of human activity. Environmental health sciences is a multidisciplinary field addressing complex issues on how people are exposed to hazardous chemicals that can potentially affect adversely the health of present and future generations. Exposure sciences and environmental epidemiology are becoming increasingly data-driven and their efficiency and effectiveness can significantly improve by implementing the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles for scientific data management and stewardship. This will enable data integration, interoperability and (re)use while also facilitating the use of new and powerful analytical tools such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in the benefit of public health policy, and research, development and innovation (RDI). Early research planning is critical to ensuring data is FAIR at the outset. This entails a well-informed and planned strategy concerning the identification of appropriate data and metadata to be gathered, along with established procedures for their collection, documentation, and management. Furthermore, suitable approaches must be implemented to evaluate and ensure the quality of the data. Therefore, the 'Europe Regional Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science' (ISES Europe) human biomonitoring working group (ISES Europe HBM WG) proposes the development of a FAIR Environment and health registry (FAIREHR) (hereafter FAIREHR). FAIR Environment and health registry offers preregistration of studies on exposure sciences and environmental epidemiology using HBM (as a starting point) across all areas of environmental and occupational health globally. The registry is proposed to receive a dedicated web-based interface, to be electronically searchable and to be available to all relevant data providers, users and stakeholders. Planned Human biomonitoring studies would ideally be registered before formal recruitment of study participants. The resulting FAIREHR would contain public records of metadata such as study design, data management, an audit trail of major changes to planned methods, details of when the study will be completed, and links to resulting publications and data repositories when provided by the authors. The FAIREHR would function as an integrated platform designed to cater to the needs of scientists, companies, publishers, and policymakers by providing user-friendly features. The implementation of FAIREHR is expected to yield significant benefits in terms of enabling more effective utilization of human biomonitoring (HBM) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Karen S. Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, Lisbon and ToxOmics - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jan Theunis
- VITO HEALTH, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO HEALTH, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Denys
- SpF— Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- SpF— Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- SpF— Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Manosij Ghosh
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal and EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal and EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hans Verhagen
- Nutrition Innovation Center for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Food Safety and Nutrition Consultancy, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Kate Jones
- HSE—Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sams
- HSE—Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Tranfo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Institute Against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Monte PorzioCatone(RM), Italy
| | - Martine Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Palmen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Spyros Karakitsios
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Complex Risk and Data Analysis Research Center, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jos Bessems
- VITO HEALTH, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Fantke P, von Goetz N, Jantunen M. Advancing exposure knowledge and its uptake into policy: The European exposure science strategy 2020-2030 (Special Issue). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107692. [PMID: 36526447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Schwarzenburgstr., 157, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Lynch HN, Gloekler LE, Allen LH, Maskrey JR, Bevan C, Maier A. Analysis of dermal exposure assessment in the US Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act risk evaluations of chemical manufacturing. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:49-65. [PMID: 36420912 PMCID: PMC9817111 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221140946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical manufacture, import, processing, distribution, use, and disposal under the 2016 amended Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for the purposes of protecting the public and sensitive populations-including workers-from chemical exposure risk. The publication of several TSCA risk evaluations provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the evolving regulatory approach for assessing the dermal exposure pathway in occupational settings. In this analysis, the occupational dermal exposure assessment methods employed in several TSCA risk evaluations were assessed. Specifically, a methodology review was conducted for the occupational dermal scenarios of manufacturing and feedstock use in the risk evaluations of three chlorinated organic chemicals: trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and perchloroethylene. Additionally, alternative exposure estimates were generated using the exposure model IH SkinPermTM. The review and alternative exposure analyses indicate that the current TSCA modeling approach may generate total dermal absorbed doses for chlorinated chemical manufacturing and feedstock use scenarios that are 2- to 20-fold higher than those generated by IH SkinPerm. Best-practice recommendations developed in the methodology review support a tiered, integrated approach to dermal exposure assessment that emphasizes collecting qualitative data; employing validated, peer-reviewed models that align with current industrial practices; and gathering empirical sampling data where needed. Collaboration among industry, EPA, and other stakeholders to share information and develop a standard approach to exposure assessment under TSCA would improve the methodological rigor of, and increase confidence in, the risk evaluation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Lynch
- Stantec
(ChemRisk), Boston, MA, USA,Heather N Lynch, Stantec (ChemRisk), 607
Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
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Fantke P, Bruinen de Bruin Y, Schlüter U, Connolly A, Bessems J, Kephalopoulos S, Zare Jeddi M, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Dudzina T, Scheepers PTJ, von Goetz N. The European exposure science strategy 2020-2030. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107555. [PMID: 36244229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure science is an emerging and rapidly growing field dedicated to all aspects concerning the contact between chemical, biological, physical or psycho-social stressors and human and ecological receptors. With that, exposure science plays a central role in protecting human and ecosystem health, and contributes to the global transition towards a green and sustainable society. In Europe, however, exposure science is currently not sufficiently recognised as a scientific field, resulting in inefficient uptake into policies. In response, the wider European exposure science community developed elements and actions under the auspices of the Europe Regional Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES Europe), for identified priority areas, namely education, exposure models, exposure data, human biomonitoring, and policy uptake. In the present document, we synthesize these strategic elements into an overarching 'European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030', following three strategic objectives that focus on acknowledging exposure science as an independent and interconnected field, harmonizing approaches and tools across regulations, and exploring collaboration, education and funding mechanisms. To operationalise this strategy, we present concrete key actions and propose initiatives and funding options for advancing the underlying science, cultivating broader education and cross-sector exposure knowledge transfer, and fostering effective uptake of exposure information into policy. We aim at anchoring European efforts in the global exposure science context, with a special focus on the interface between scientific advancements, application in decision support, and dissemination and training. This will help to develop exposure science as a strong scientific field with the ultimate goal to successfully assess and manage various stressors across sectors and geographic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Yuri Bruinen de Bruin
- European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), Bilbao, Spain; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Urs Schlüter
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alison Connolly
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Science and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Schwarzenburgstr., 157, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kosnik MB, Kephalopoulos S, Muñoz A, Aurisano N, Cusinato A, Dimitroulopoulou S, Slobodnik J, De Mello J, Zare Jeddi M, Cascio C, Ahrens A, Bruinen de Bruin Y, Lieck L, Fantke P. Advancing exposure data analytics and repositories as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107610. [PMID: 36356553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-quality and comprehensive exposure-related data are critical for different decision contexts, including environmental and human health monitoring, and chemicals risk assessment and management. However, exposure-related data are currently scattered, frequently of unclear quality and structure, not readily accessible, and stored in various-partly overlapping-data repositories, leading to inefficient and ineffective data usage in Europe and globally. We propose strategic guidance for an integrated European exposure data production and management framework for use in science and policy, building on current and future data analysis and digitalization trends. We map the existing exposure data landscape to requirements for data analytics and repositories across European policies and regulations. We further identify needs and ways forward for improving data generation, sharing, and usage, and translate identified needs into an operational action plan for European and global advancement of exposure data for policies and regulations. Identified key areas of action are to develop consistent exposure data standards and terminology for data production and reporting, increase data transparency and availability, enhance data storage and related infrastructure, boost automation in data management, increase data integration, and advance tools for innovative data analysis. Improving and streamlining exposure data generation and uptake into science and policy is crucial for the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability and European Digital Strategy, in line with EU Data policies on data management and interoperability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Kosnik
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Nicolò Aurisano
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Sani Dimitroulopoulou
- Air Quality and Public Health, EHE Dept, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathas De Mello
- Economy Division, United Nations Environment Programme, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Lothar Lieck
- European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Jantunen MJ. Pandemic management requires exposure science. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107470. [PMID: 36028335 PMCID: PMC9392555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, on 8.12.2019, and WHO announced it a pandemic on 11.3.2020. No vaccines or medical cures against COVID-19 were available in the first corona year. Instead, different combinations of generic non-pharmaceutical interventions - to slow down the spread of infections via exposure restrictions to 'flatten the curve' so that it would not overburden the health care systems, or to suppress the virus to extinction - were applied with varying levels of strictness, duration and success in the Pacific and North Atlantic regions. Due to an old misconception, almost all public health authorities dismissed the possibility that the virus would be transmitted via air. Opportunities to reduce the inhalation exposure - such as wearing effective FFP2/N95 respirators, improving ventilation and indoor air cleaning - were missed, and instead, hands were washed and surfaces disinfected. The fact that aerosols were acknowledged as the main route of COVID-19 transmission in 2021 opened avenues for more efficient and socially less disruptive exposure and risk reduction policies that are discussed and evaluated here, demonstrating that indoor air and exposure sciences are crucial for successful management of pandemics. To effectively apply environmental and personal exposure mitigation measures, exposure science needs to target the human-to-human exposure pathways of the virus.
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7
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Connolly A, Scheepers PTJ, Coggins MA, Vermeire T, van Tongeren M, Heinemeyer G, Bridges JW, Bredendiek-Kämper S, de Bruin YB, Clayson A, Gerding J, McCourt J, Urbanus J, Viegas S, von Goetz N, Zare-Jeddi M, Fantke P. Framework for developing an exposure science curriculum as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107477. [PMID: 35998412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating and managing exposures to chemical, physical and biological stressors, which frequently interplay with psychological stressors as well as social and behavioural aspects, is crucial for protecting human and environmental health and transitioning towards a sustainable future. Advances in our understanding of exposure rely on input from well-trained exposure scientists. However, no education programmes in Europe are currently explicitly dedicated to cover the broader range of exposure science approaches, applications, stressors and receptors. OBJECTIVE To address this challenge, a curriculum is needed that yields credible, well-defined career pathways in exposure science. METHODS Needs and conditions for advancing exposure science education in Europe were identified. As a starting point for a way forward, harmonised learning outcomes for exposure science were defined at each level of the European Qualifications Framework. The course programme coordinators were recruited for three varying courses, with respect to the course level and the proportion of the curriculum dedicated to exposure science. These courses were assessed via our systematic course review procedure. Finally, strategic objectives and actions are proposed to build exposure science education programmes. RESULTS The ISES Europe 'Education, Training and Communication' expert working group developed a framework for creating a viable exposure science curriculum. Harmonised learning outcomes were structured under eight learning levels, categorised by knowledge, skills and competence. Illustrative case studies demonstrated how education providers integrated these learning outcomes for their educational context and aligned the overall exposure science curriculum. CONCLUSIONS The international recognition and adoption of exposure science education will enable advances in addressing global exposure science challenges for various stressors, from behavioural aspects from individual to population scale, and effective communication between exposure scientists and relevant stakeholders and policy makers, as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Connolly
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Science and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland.
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marie A Coggins
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Science and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Theo Vermeire
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Netherlands(2)
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - James W Bridges
- Emeritus Professor of Toxicology and Environmental Health University of Surrey, Guildford GU27YH, United Kingdom; Director Research for Sustainability Ltd, Guildford, GU33AE, UK
| | | | - Yuri Bruinen de Bruin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Space, Security and Migration, Geel, Belgium
| | - Anne Clayson
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Gerding
- German Social Accident Insurance, Institution for the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), Cologne, Germany
| | - Josephine McCourt
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, Directorate F, Health and Food Audits and Analysis, Grange, Ireland
| | - Jan Urbanus
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, Belgian Shell N.V., B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Zare-Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Netherlands(2)
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Zare Jeddi M, Hopf NB, Louro H, Viegas S, Galea KS, Pasanen-Kase R, Santonen T, Mustieles V, Fernandez MF, Verhagen H, Bopp SK, Antignac JP, David A, Mol H, Barouki R, Audouze K, Duca RC, Fantke P, Scheepers P, Ghosh M, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Lobo Vicente J, Trier X, Rambaud L, Fillol C, Denys S, Conrad A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Paini A, Arnot J, Schulze F, Jones K, Sepai O, Ali I, Brennan L, Benfenati E, Cubadda F, Mantovani A, Bartonova A, Connolly A, Slobodnik J, Bruinen de Bruin Y, van Klaveren J, Palmen N, Dirven H, Husøy T, Thomsen C, Virgolino A, Röösli M, Gant T, von Goetz N, Bessems J. Developing human biomonitoring as a 21st century toolbox within the European exposure science strategy 2020-2030. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107476. [PMID: 36067553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a crucial approach for exposure assessment, as emphasised in the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS). HBM can help to improve chemical policies in five major key areas: (1) assessing internal and aggregate exposure in different target populations; 2) assessing exposure to chemicals across life stages; (3) assessing combined exposure to multiple chemicals (mixtures); (4) bridging regulatory silos on aggregate exposure; and (5) enhancing the effectiveness of risk management measures. In this strategy paper we propose a vision and a strategy for the use of HBM in chemical regulations and public health policy in Europe and beyond. We outline six strategic objectives and a roadmap to further strengthen HBM approaches and increase their implementation in the regulatory risk assessment of chemicals to enhance our understanding of exposure and health impacts, enabling timely and targeted policy interventions and risk management. These strategic objectives are: 1) further development of sampling strategies and sample preparation; 2) further development of chemical-analytical HBM methods; 3) improving harmonisation throughout the HBM research life cycle; 4) further development of quality control / quality assurance throughout the HBM research life cycle; 5) obtain sustained funding and reinforcement by legislation; and 6) extend target-specific communication with scientists, policymakers, citizens and other stakeholders. HBM approaches are essential in risk assessment to address scientific, regulatory and societal challenges. HBM requires full and strong support from the scientific and regulatory domain to reach its full potential in public and occupational health assessment and in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, Lisbon and ToxOmics - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Robert Pasanen-Kase
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work (ABCH), Switzerland
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans Verhagen
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm Unit 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm Unit 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joana Lobo Vicente
- EEA - European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Xenia Trier
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Sebastien Denys
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Dessau-Roßlau/Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Jon Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Inc., Toronto ONM4M 1W4, Canada
| | - Florian Schulze
- European Center for Environmental Medicine, Weserstr. 165, 12045 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Jones
- HSE - Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK
| | | | | | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alena Bartonova
- NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alison Connolly
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Science and the Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- NORMAN Association, Rue Jacques Taffanel - Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Yuri Bruinen de Bruin
- Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Space, Security and Migration, Geel, Belgium
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Palmen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tim Gant
- Center for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, UK
| | | | - Jos Bessems
- VITO HEALTH, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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von Goetz N, Fantke P. Promoting recognition and implementation of exposure science in Europe: First elements of a European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:497-498. [PMID: 35922475 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie von Goetz
- Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Schwarzenburgstrasse 157, 3003, Berne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Schlüter U, Meyer J, Ahrens A, Borghi F, Clerc F, Delmaar C, Di Guardo A, Dudzina T, Fantke P, Fransman W, Hahn S, Heussen H, Jung C, Koivisto J, Koppisch D, Paini A, Savic N, Spinazzè A, Zare Jeddi M, von Goetz N. Exposure modelling in Europe: how to pave the road for the future as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:499-512. [PMID: 35918394 PMCID: PMC9349043 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure models are essential in almost all relevant contexts for exposure science. To address the numerous challenges and gaps that exist, exposure modelling is one of the priority areas of the European Exposure Science Strategy developed by the European Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES Europe). A strategy was developed for the priority area of exposure modelling in Europe with four strategic objectives. These objectives are (1) improvement of models and tools, (2) development of new methodologies and support for understudied fields, (3) improvement of model use and (4) regulatory needs for modelling. In a bottom-up approach, exposure modellers from different European countries and institutions who are active in the fields of occupational, population and environmental exposure science pooled their expertise under the umbrella of the ISES Europe Working Group on exposure models. This working group assessed the state-of-the-art of exposure modelling in Europe by developing an inventory of exposure models used in Europe and reviewing the existing literature on pitfalls for exposure modelling, in order to identify crucial modelling-related strategy elements. Decisive actions were defined for ISES Europe stakeholders, including collecting available models and accompanying information in a living document curated and published by ISES Europe, as well as a long-term goal of developing a best-practices handbook. Alongside these actions, recommendations were developed and addressed to stakeholders outside of ISES Europe. Four strategic objectives were identified with an associated action plan and roadmap for the implementation of the European Exposure Science Strategy for exposure modelling. This strategic plan will foster a common understanding of modelling-related methodology, terminology and future research in Europe, and have a broader impact on strategic considerations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Schlüter
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, D-44149, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jessica Meyer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, D-44149, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahrens
- Exposure and Supply Chain Unit, European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), P.O. Box 400, FI-00121, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Frédéric Clerc
- National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), Pollutants Metrology Division, Nancy, France
| | - Christiaan Delmaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Tatsiana Dudzina
- Exxon Mobil Petroleum and Chemical B.V., Hermeslaan 2, 1831, Machelen, Belgium
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wouter Fransman
- TNO, Department Risk Analysis for Products in Development, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Hahn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henri Heussen
- Cosanta BV, Stationsplein Noord-Oost 202, 1117 CJ, Schiphol-Oost, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Jung
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, PL 64, FI-00014, UHEL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorothea Koppisch
- Section 1.3 Exposure Monitoring-MGU, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Alte Heerstr. 111, 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Nenad Savic
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Unisanté, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Schwarzenburgstrasse 157, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Heinemeyer G, Connolly A, von Goetz N, Bessems J, Bruinen de Bruin Y, Coggins MA, Fantke P, Galea KS, Gerding J, Hader JD, Heussen H, Kephalopoulos S, McCourt J, Scheepers PTJ, Schlueter U, van Tongeren M, Viegas S, Zare Jeddi M, Vermeire T. Towards further harmonization of a glossary for exposure science-an ISES Europe statement. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:526-529. [PMID: 34728760 PMCID: PMC9349032 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of aligned exposure science terminology is crucial for ease of comparison and appropriate interpretation of exposure information, regulatory reports, and scientific publications. Sometimes the use of different terminology in different contexts and areas of exposure science results in diverging interpretations of the same descriptor. During the development of the European strategy for exposure science, the need was identified to agree on a defined terminology requiring an evaluation of the commonly used terms, synonymous uses, and their relationships between each other. This paper presents the first steps in compiling the most important exposure-related terms from existing guidance documents and publications for exposure and risk assessment and adapting them to be useful for different contexts and areas. This initial step is intended to trigger discussion on terminology among exposure scientists around the globe and across regulatory and methodological silos. The glossary itself is intended as a living document to be hosted by the International Society for Exposure Science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Connolly
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics and the Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 CF50, Galway, Ireland
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Yuri Bruinen de Bruin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
- European Chemical Industry Council (Cefic), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie A Coggins
- Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics and the Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 CF50, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Johannes Gerding
- German Social Accident Insurance, Institution for the health and welfare services (BGW), Cologne, Germany
| | - John D Hader
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Josephine McCourt
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
- European Commission, DG SANTE, Grange, Ireland
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Urs Schlueter
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Vermeire
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Bruinen de Bruin Y, Franco A, Ahrens A, Morris A, Verhagen H, Kephalopoulos S, Dulio V, Slobodnik J, Sijm DTHM, Vermeire T, Ito T, Takaki K, De Mello J, Bessems J, Zare Jeddi M, Tanarro Gozalo C, Pollard K, McCourt J, Fantke P. Enhancing the use of exposure science across EU chemical policies as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020-2030. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:513-525. [PMID: 34697409 PMCID: PMC9349036 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scientific framework on exposure science will boost the multiuse of exposure knowledge across EU chemicals-related policies and improve risk assessment, risk management and communication across EU safety, security and sustainability domains. OBJECTIVE To stimulate public and private actors to align and strengthen the cross-policy adoption of exposure assessment data, methods and tools across EU legislation. METHODS By mapping and analysing the EU regulatory landscape making use of exposure information, policy and research challenges and key areas of action are identified and translated into opportunities enhancing policy and scientific efficiency. RESULTS Identified key areas of actions are to develop a common scientific exposure assessment framework, supported by baseline acceptance criteria and a shared knowledge base enhancing exchangeability and acceptability of exposure knowledge within and across EU chemicals-related policies. Furthermore, such framework will improve communication and management across EU chemical safety, security and sustainability policies comprising sourcing, manufacturing and global trade of goods and waste management. In support of building such a common framework and its effective use in policy and industry, exposure science innovation needs to be better embedded along the whole policymaking cycle, and be integrated into companies' safety and sustainability management systems. This will help to systemically improve regulatory risk management practices. SIGNIFICANCE This paper constitutes an important step towards the implementation of the EU Green Deal and its underlying policy strategies, such as the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Bruinen de Bruin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Space, Security and Migration, Geel, Belgium.
- European Chemical Industry Council (Cefic), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Antonio Franco
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate on Health, Consumer and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alick Morris
- European Commission, Directorate General Employment, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Hans Verhagen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Stylianos Kephalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate on Health, Consumer and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy
| | - Valeria Dulio
- INERIS - National Institute for Environment and Industrial Risks, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | - Dick T H M Sijm
- Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Vermeire
- RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Koki Takaki
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josephine McCourt
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Space, Security and Migration, Geel, Belgium
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Theoretical Background of Occupational-Exposure Models-Report of an Expert Workshop of the ISES Europe Working Group "Exposure Models". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031234. [PMID: 35162257 PMCID: PMC8834988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
On 20 October 2020, the Working Group “Exposure Models” of the Europe Regional Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES Europe) organised an online workshop to discuss the theoretical background of models for the assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals. In this report, participants of the workshop with an active role before and during the workshop summarise the most relevant discussion points and conclusions of this well-attended workshop. ISES Europe has identified exposure modelling as one priority area for the strategic development of exposure science in Europe in the coming years. This specific workshop aimed to discuss the main challenges in developing, validating, and using occupational-exposure models for regulatory purposes. The theoretical background, application domain, and limitations of different modelling approaches were presented and discussed, focusing on empirical “modifying-factor” or “mass-balance-based” approaches. During the discussions, these approaches were compared and analysed. Possibilities to address the discussed challenges could be a validation study involving alternative modelling approaches. The wider discussion touched upon the close relationship between modelling and monitoring and the need for better linkage of the methods and the need for common monitoring databases that include data on model parameters.
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14
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Fantke P, Cinquemani C, Yaseneva P, De Mello J, Schwabe H, Ebeling B, Lapkin AA. Transition to sustainable chemistry through digitalization. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Zare Jeddi M, Virgolino A, Fantke P, Hopf NB, Galea KS, Remy S, Viegas S, Mustieles V, Fernandez MF, von Goetz N, Vicente JL, Slobodnik J, Rambaud L, Denys S, St-Amand A, Nakayama SF, Santonen T, Barouki R, Pasanen-Kase R, Mol HGJ, Vermeire T, Jones K, Silva MJ, Louro H, van der Voet H, Duca RC, Verhagen H, Canova C, van Klaveren J, Kolossa-Gehring M, Bessems J. A human biomonitoring (HBM) Global Registry Framework: Further advancement of HBM research following the FAIR principles. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113826. [PMID: 34583227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Data generated by the rapidly evolving human biomonitoring (HBM) programmes are providing invaluable opportunities to support and advance regulatory risk assessment and management of chemicals in occupational and environmental health domains. However, heterogeneity across studies, in terms of design, terminology, biomarker nomenclature, and data formats, limits our capacity to compare and integrate data sets retrospectively (reuse). Registration of HBM studies is common for clinical trials; however, the study designs and resulting data collections cannot be traced easily. We argue that an HBM Global Registry Framework (HBM GRF) could be the solution to several of challenges hampering the (re)use of HBM (meta)data. The aim is to develop a global, host-independent HBM registry framework based on the use of harmonised open-access protocol templates from designing, undertaking of an HBM study to the use and possible reuse of the resulting HBM (meta)data. This framework should apply FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles as a core data management strategy to enable the (re)use of HBM (meta)data to its full potential through the data value chain. Moreover, we believe that implementation of FAIR principles is a fundamental enabler for digital transformation within environmental health. The HBM GRF would encompass internationally harmonised and agreed open access templates for HBM study protocols, structured web-based functionalities to deposit, find, and access harmonised protocols of HBM studies. Registration of HBM studies using the HBM GRF is anticipated to increase FAIRness of the resulting (meta)data. It is also considered that harmonisation of existing data sets could be performed retrospectively. As a consequence, data wrangling activities to make data ready for analysis will be minimised. In addition, this framework would enable the HBM (inter)national community to trace new HBM studies already in the planning phase and their results once finalised. The HBM GRF could also serve as a platform enhancing communication between scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers/policy makers. The planned European Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) work along these lines, based on the experience obtained in previous joint European initiatives. Therefore, PARC could very well bring a first demonstration of first essential functionalities within the development of the HBM GRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Karen S Galea
- IOM - Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1500-310, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joana Lobo Vicente
- EEA - European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- NORMAN Association, Rue Jacques Taffanel - Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- SPF - Santé Publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, France
| | - Annie St-Amand
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Tiina Santonen
- FIOH-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université de Paris, Inserm Unit 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Pasanen-Kase
- SECO - State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, Labour Directorate Section Chemicals and Work (ABCH), Switzerland
| | - Hans G J Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR) - part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Vermeire
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Jones
- HSE - Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - Maria João Silva
- INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; TOXOMICS - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; TOXOMICS - Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory, Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Verhagen
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Bessems
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium
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Holmgren SD, Boyles RR, Cronk RD, Duncan CG, Kwok RK, Lunn RM, Osborn KC, Thessen AE, Schmitt CP. Catalyzing Knowledge-Driven Discovery in Environmental Health Sciences through a Community-Driven Harmonized Language. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8985. [PMID: 34501574 PMCID: PMC8430534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmonized language is critical for helping researchers to find data, collecting scientific data to facilitate comparison, and performing pooled and meta-analyses. Using standard terms to link data to knowledge systems facilitates knowledge-driven analysis, allows for the use of biomedical knowledge bases for scientific interpretation and hypothesis generation, and increasingly supports artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Due to the breadth of environmental health sciences (EHS) research and the continuous evolution in scientific methods, the gaps in standard terminologies, vocabularies, ontologies, and related tools hamper the capabilities to address large-scale, complex EHS research questions that require the integration of disparate data and knowledge sources. The results of prior workshops to advance a harmonized environmental health language demonstrate that future efforts should be sustained and grounded in scientific need. We describe a community initiative whose mission was to advance integrative environmental health sciences research via the development and adoption of a harmonized language. The products, outcomes, and recommendations developed and endorsed by this community are expected to enhance data collection and management efforts for NIEHS and the EHS community, making data more findable and interoperable. This initiative will provide a community of practice space to exchange information and expertise, be a coordination hub for identifying and prioritizing activities, and a collaboration platform for the development and adoption of semantic solutions. We encourage anyone interested in advancing this mission to engage in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D. Holmgren
- Office of Data Science, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | | | | | - Christopher G. Duncan
- Genes, Environment, and Health Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, NIEHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Richard K. Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
- Office of the Director, NIEHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth M. Lunn
- Integrative Health Assessment Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | | | - Anne E. Thessen
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Charles P. Schmitt
- Office of Data Science, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC 27709, USA;
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17
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Eichler CMA, Hubal EAC, Xu Y, Cao J, Bi C, Weschler CJ, Salthammer T, Morrison GC, Koivisto AJ, Zhang Y, Mandin C, Wei W, Blondeau P, Poppendieck D, Liu X, Delmaar CJE, Fantke P, Jolliet O, Shin HM, Diamond ML, Shiraiwa M, Zuend A, Hopke PK, von Goetz N, Kulmala M, Little JC. Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:25-43. [PMID: 33319994 PMCID: PMC7877794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of the current state of knowledge of chemical emissions from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments, and the ensuing indoor exposure leads to a proposal for a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Mechanistically consistent source emission categories include solid, soft, frequent contact, applied, sprayed, and high temperature sources. Environmental compartments are the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, indoor surfaces, and clothing. Identified research needs are the development of dynamic emission models for several of the source emission categories and of estimation strategies for critical model parameters. The modular structure of the framework facilitates subsequent inclusion of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and additional mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors. The framework may serve as the foundation for developing an open-source community model to better support collaborative research and improve access for application by stakeholders. Combining exposure estimates derived using this framework with toxicity data for different end points and toxicokinetic mechanisms will accelerate chemical risk prioritization, advance effective chemical management decisions, and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara M A Eichler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elaine A Cohen Hubal
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chenyang Bi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Charles J Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Braunschweig 38108, Germany
| | - Glenn C Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Antti Joonas Koivisto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), Champs sur Marne 77447, France
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), Champs sur Marne 77447, France
| | - Patrice Blondeau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - LaSIE, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle 77447, France
| | - Dustin Poppendieck
- Engineering Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Christiaan J E Delmaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0B9, Canada
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5708, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | | | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - John C Little
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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18
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Aurisano N, Huang L, Milà I Canals L, Jolliet O, Fantke P. Chemicals of concern in plastic toys. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106194. [PMID: 33115697 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a list of Chemicals of Concern (CoCs) in plastic toys. We started from available studies reporting chemical composition of toys to group plastic materials, as well as to gather mass fractions and function of chemicals in these materials. Chemical emissions from plastic toys and subsequent human exposures were then estimated using a series of models and a coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework. Comparing human doses with reference doses shows high Hazard Quotients of up to 387 and cancer risk calculated using cancer slope factors of up to 0.0005. Plasticizers in soft plastic materials show the highest risk, with 31 out of the 126 chemicals identified as CoCs, with sum of Hazard Quotients >1 or child cancer risk >10-6. Our results indicate that a relevant amount of chemicals used in plastic toy materials may pose a non-negligible health risk to children, calling for more refined investigations and more human- and eco-friendly alternatives. The 126 chemicals identified as CoCs were compared with other existing regulatory prioritization lists. While some of our chemicals appear in other lists, we also identified additional priority chemicals that are not yet covered elsewhere and thus require further attention. We finally derive for all considered chemicals the maximum Acceptable Chemical Content (ACC) in the grouped toy plastic materials as powerful green chemistry tool to check whether chemical alternatives could create substantial risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Aurisano
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Llorenç Milà I Canals
- Economy Division, United Nations Environment Programme, 1 Rue de Miollis, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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19
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Schlueter U, Tischer M. Validity of Tier 1 Modelling Tools and Impacts on Exposure Assessments within REACH Registrations-ETEAM Project, Validation Studies and Consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4589. [PMID: 32604711 PMCID: PMC7344836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the evaluation and validation of exposure modelling tools for inhalation exposure assessment at workplaces received new and highly increased attention by different stakeholders. One important study in this regard is the ETEAM (Evaluation of Tier 1 Exposure Assessment Models) project that evaluated exposure assessment tools under the European REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), (but next to the ETEAM project-as a project publicly funded by the German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)-it is a rather new development that research groups from universities in Europe, but also internationally, investigated this issue. These other studies focused not only on REACH tier 1 tools but also investigated other tools and aspects of tool validity. This paper tries to summarise the major findings of studies that explored the different issues of tool validity by focusing on the scientific outcomes and the exposure on the science community. On the other hand, this publication aims to provide guidance on the choice and use of tools, addressing the needs of tool users. The consequences of different stakeholders under REACH are discussed from the results of the validation studies. The major stakeholders are: (1) REACH registrants or applicants for REACH authorisations, meaning those companies, consortia or associations who are subject to REACH; (2) Evaluating authorities within the scope of REACH, meaning the ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) secretariat and committees, but also the competent authorities of the member states or the European Union; (3) Developers of the different models and tools; (4) Users of the different models and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Schlueter
- BAuA: Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit “Exposure Scenarios”, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany;
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20
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Fantke P, Aurisano N, Provoost J, Karamertzanis PG, Hauschild M. Toward effective use of REACH data for science and policy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105336. [PMID: 31884133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nicolò Aurisano
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeroen Provoost
- Computational Assessment Unit, Directorate of Prioritisation and Integration, European Chemicals Agency, Annankatu 18, 00121 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panagiotis G Karamertzanis
- Computational Assessment Unit, Directorate of Prioritisation and Integration, European Chemicals Agency, Annankatu 18, 00121 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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