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Wang R, Li J, Cai L, Li Q. Demonstration of 4H-silicon carbide on an aluminum nitride integrated photonic platform. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2934-2937. [PMID: 38824296 DOI: 10.1364/ol.521157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The existing silicon-carbide-on-insulator photonic platform utilizes a thin layer of silicon dioxide under silicon carbide (SiC) to provide optical confinement and mode isolation. Here, we replace the underneath silicon dioxide layer with 1-µm-thick aluminum nitride and demonstrate a 4H-silicon-carbide-on-aluminum-nitride integrated photonic platform for the first time to our knowledge. Efficient grating couplers, low-loss waveguides, and compact microring resonators with intrinsic quality factors up to 210,000 are fabricated. In addition, by undercutting the aluminum nitride layer, the intrinsic quality factor of the silicon carbide microring is improved by nearly one order of magnitude (1.8 million). Finally, an optical pump-probe method is developed to measure the thermal conductivity of the aluminum nitride layer, which is estimated to be over 30 times of that of silicon dioxide.
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2
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Melton T, DeVore PTS, McMillan J, Chan J, Calonico-Soto A, Beck KM, Wong CW, Chou JT, Gowda A. Scalable stable comb-to-tone integrated RF photonic drive for superconducting qubits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18761-18770. [PMID: 38859026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The recent advent of quantum computing has the potential to overhaul security, communications, and scientific modeling. Superconducting qubits are a leading platform that is advancing noise-tolerant intermediate-scale quantum processors. The implementation requires scaling to large numbers of superconducting qubits, circuit depths, and gate speeds, wherein high-purity RF signal generation and effective cabling transport are desirable. Fiber photonic-enhanced RF signal generation has demonstrated the principle of addressing both signal generation and transport requirements, supporting intermediate qubit numbers and robust packaging efforts; however, fiber-based approaches to RF signal distribution are often bounded by their phase instability. Here, we present a silicon photonic integrated circuit-based version of a photonic-enhanced RF signal generator that demonstrates the requisite stability, as well as a path towards the necessary signal fidelity.
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3
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Liang Y, Liu M, Tang F, Guo Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhao G, Tan T, Yao B. Harnessing sub-comb dynamics in a graphene-sensitized microresonator for gas detection. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 38689035 PMCID: PMC11061063 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since their inception, frequency combs generated in microresonators, known as microcombs, have sparked significant scientific interests. Among the various applications leveraging microcombs, soliton microcombs are often preferred due to their inherent mode-locking capability. However, this choice introduces additional system complexity because an initialization process is required. Meanwhile, despite the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of other comb states, their practical potential, particularly in applications like sensing where simplicity is valued, remains largely untapped. Here, we demonstrate controllable generation of sub-combs that bypasses the need for accessing bistable regime. And in a graphene-sensitized microresonator, the sub-comb heterodynes produce stable, accurate microwave signals for high-precision gas detection. By exploring the formation dynamics of sub-combs, we achieved 2 MHz harmonic comb-to-comb beat notes with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 50 dB and phase noise as low as - 82 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The graphene sensitization on the intracavity probes results in exceptional frequency responsiveness to the adsorption of gas molecules on the graphene of microcavity surface, enabling detect limits down to the parts per billion (ppb) level. This synergy between graphene and sub-comb formation dynamics in a microcavity structure showcases the feasibility of utilizing microcombs in an incoherent state prior to soliton locking. It may mark a significant step toward the development of easy-to-operate, systemically simple, compact, and high-performance photonic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Guangming Zhao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Engineering Center of Integrated Optoelectronic & Radio Meta-Chips, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Lu L, Du J, Li Y, He Z, Chen J, Zhou L, Poon AW. Parallel wavelength-division-multiplexed signal transmission and dispersion compensation enabled by soliton microcombs and microrings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3645. [PMID: 38684690 PMCID: PMC11058204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of computation-intensive technologies has led to a significant rise in the number of datacenters, posing challenges for high-speed and power-efficient datacenter interconnects (DCIs). Although inter-DCIs based on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) along with wavelength-division multiplexing technologies exhibit power-efficient and large-capacity properties, the requirement of multiple laser sources leads to high costs and limited scalability, and the chromatic dispersion (CD) restricts the transmission length of optical signals. Here we propose a scalable on-chip parallel IM-DD data transmission system enabled by a single-soliton Kerr microcomb and a reconfigurable microring resonator-based CD compensator. We experimentally demonstrate an aggregate line rate of 1.68 Tbit/s over a 20-km-long SMF. The extrapolated energy consumption for CD compensation of 40-km-SMFs is ~0.3 pJ/bit, which is calculated as being around 6 times less than that of the commercial 400G-ZR coherent transceivers. Our approach holds significant promise for achieving data rates exceeding 10 terabits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liangjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Pinghu, 314200, China.
| | - Jiangbing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Pinghu, 314200, China
| | - Zuyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Pinghu, 314200, China
| | - Linjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Pinghu, 314200, China
| | - Andrew W Poon
- Photonic Device Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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5
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Karunakaran AN, Clementi M, Lafforgue C, Yakar O, Stroganov A, Varming P, Pu M, Yvind K, Montague P, Brès CS. Dissipative Kerr soliton generation at 2μm in a silicon nitride microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14929-14939. [PMID: 38859156 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chip-scale optical frequency combs enable the generation of highly-coherent pulsed light at gigahertz-level repetition rates, with potential technological impact ranging from telecommunications to sensing and spectroscopy. In combination with techniques such as dual-comb spectroscopy, their utilization would be particularly beneficial for sensing of molecular species in the mid-infrared spectrum, in an integrated fashion. However, few demonstrations of direct microcomb generation within this spectral region have been showcased so far. In this work, we report the generation of Kerr soliton microcombs in silicon nitride integrated photonics. Leveraging a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator, our device achieves soliton generation under milliwatt-level pumping at 1.97 µm, with a generated spectrum encompassing a 422 nm bandwidth and extending up to 2.25 µm. The use of a dual pumping scheme allows reliable access to several comb states, including primary combs, modulation instability combs, as well as multi- and single-soliton states, the latter exhibiting high stability and low phase noise. Our work extends the domain of silicon nitride based Kerr microcombs towards the mid-infrared using accessible factory-grade technology and lays the foundations for the realization of fully integrated mid-infrared comb sources.
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6
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Li P, Li Q, Tang W, Wang W, Zhang W, Little BE, Chu ST, Shore KA, Qin Y, Wang Y. Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38438369 PMCID: PMC10912654 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Random bit generators are critical for information security, cryptography, stochastic modeling, and simulations. Speed and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit generation. Herein, we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator. A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method, random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb lines. This bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines used. Our approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation, and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Qizhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wenye Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Brent E Little
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sai Tek Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Alan Shore
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, LL57 1UT, UK
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China
| | - Yuncai Wang
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51006, China.
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7
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Xiao Y, Qian S, Bai Q, Wen H, Geng Y, Wang Y, Lai H, Yao B, Qiu K, Xu J, Zhou H. Optimizing auxiliary laser heating for Kerr soliton microcomb generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1129-1132. [PMID: 38426955 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Auxiliary laser heating has become a widely adopted method for Kerr soliton frequency comb generation in optical microcavities, thanks to its reliable and easy-to-achieve merits for solving the thermal instability during the formation of dissipative Kerr solitons. Here, we conduct optimization of auxiliary laser heating by leveraging the distinct loss and absorption characteristics of different longitudinal and polarization cavity modes. We show that even if the auxiliary and pump lasers enter orthogonal polarization modes, their mutual photothermal balance can be efficient enough to maintain a cavity thermal equilibrium as the pump laser enters the red-detuning soliton regime, and by choosing the most suitable resonance for the auxiliary and pump lasers, the auxiliary laser power can be reduced to 20% of the pump laser and still be capable of warranting soliton generation. Moreover, we demonstrate soliton comb generation using integrated laser modules with a few milliwatt on-chip pump and auxiliary powers, showcasing the potential for further chip integration of the auxiliary laser heating method.
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8
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Liu R, Zhang C, Li Y, Li X, Lin J, He B, Chen Z, Xie X. Low-phase-noise microwave generation with a free-running dual-pumped Si 3N 4 soliton microcomb. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:754-757. [PMID: 38300107 DOI: 10.1364/ol.511039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Microwave signals can be generated by photodetecting the repetition frequencies of the soliton microcombs. In comparison to other methods, the dual-pumped method allows for the stable generation of the soliton microcombs even with resonators having lower Q-factors. However, introducing an additional pump laser may affect the phase noise of the generated microwave signals when using these dual-pumped soliton microcombs. Here, we investigate the factors that could influence the phase noise of microwave signals generated with dual-pumped soliton microcombs, including the polarization, amplitude noise, and phase noise of the two pumps. We demonstrate a 25.25 (12.63) GHz microwave with phase noise reaching -112(-118) dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency, surpassing the performance of previous reports on microwave generation using free-running Si3N4 soliton microcombs, even those generated with higher Q microresonators. We analyze the noise floor of the generated microwave signals and establish a phase noise simulation model to study the limiting factors in our system. Our work highlights the potential of generating low-phase-noise microwave signals using free-running dual-pumped soliton microcombs.
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9
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Weng H, McDermott M, Afridi AA, Tu H, Lu Q, Guo W, Donegan JF. Turn-key Kerr soliton generation and tunable microwave synthesizer in dual-mode Si 3N 4 microresonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3123-3137. [PMID: 38297541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the thermal compensation mechanism in dual-mode Si3N4 microresonators that demonstrates the ease of generation of single-solitons with nearly octave-wide spectral bandwidth. The deterministic creation of soliton frequency combs is achieved by merely switching the wavelength of a tunable laser or a semiconductor diode laser in a single step. The pump frequency detuning range that can sustain the soliton state is 30 gigahertz (GHz), which is approximately 100 times the resonance linewidth. Interestingly, these dual-mode resonators also support the coexistence of primary combs and solitons, enabling their utilization as functional microwave synthesizers. Furthermore, these resonators readily facilitate the generation of diverse multi-solitons and soliton crystals. This work presents a simplified system to access high-performance and versatile Kerr solitons, with wide-ranging applications in optical metrology, microwave photonics, and LiDAR.
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10
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Li JT, Chang B, Du JT, Tan T, Geng Y, Zhou H, Liang YP, Zhang H, Yan GF, Ma LM, Ran ZL, Wang ZN, Yao BC, Rao YJ. Coherently parallel fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing using dual Kerr soliton microcombs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadf8666. [PMID: 38241376 PMCID: PMC10798552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has proven to be a revolutionary technology for the detection of seismic and acoustic waves with ultralarge scale and ultrahigh sensitivity, and is widely used in oil/gas industry and intrusion monitoring. Nowadays, the single-frequency laser source in DAS becomes one of the bottlenecks limiting its advance. Here, we report a dual-comb-based coherently parallel DAS concept, enabling linear superposition of sensing signals scaling with the comb-line number to result in unprecedented sensitivity enhancement, straightforward fading suppression, and high-power Brillouin-free transmission that can extend the detection distance considerably. Leveraging 10-line comb pairs, a world-class detection limit of 560 fε/√Hz@1 kHz with 5 m spatial resolution is achieved. Such a combination of dual-comb metrology and DAS technology may open an era of extremely sensitive DAS at the fε/√Hz level, leading to the creation of next-generation distributed geophones and sonars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ting Li
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jun-Ting Du
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yong Geng
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yu-Pei Liang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guo-Feng Yan
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ling-Mei Ma
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zeng-Ling Ran
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zi-Nan Wang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Yao
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
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11
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Khalil M, Xie Y, Berikaa E, Liu J, Lu Z, Poole PJ, Liu G, Weber J, Plant DV, Chen LR. Performance of quantum-dash mode-locked lasers (QD-MLLDs) for high-capacity coherent optical communications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:217-229. [PMID: 38175050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the capabilities and limitations of quantum-dash mode-locked lasers (QD-MLLDs) as optical frequency comb sources in coherent optical communication systems. We demonstrate that QD-MLLDs are on par with conventional single-wavelength narrow linewidth laser sources and can support high symbol rates and modulation formats. We manage to transmit 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals up to 80 GBd over 80 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), which highlights the distinctive phase noise performance of the QD-MLLD. Using a 38.5 GHz (6 dB bandwidth) silicon photonic (SiP) modulator, we achieve a maximum symbol rate of 104 GBd with 16QAM signaling and a maximum net rate of 416 Gb/s per carrier in a single polarization setup and after 80 km-SSMF transmission. We also compare QD-MLLD performance with commercial narrow-linewidth integrable tunable laser assemblies (ITLAs) and explore their potential for use as local oscillators (LOs) and signal carriers. The QD-MLLD has 45 comb lines usable for transmission at a frequency spacing of 25 GHz, and an RF linewidth of 35 kHz.
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12
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Moille G, Stone J, Chojnacky M, Shrestha R, Javid UA, Menyuk C, Srinivasan K. Kerr-induced synchronization of a cavity soliton to an optical reference. Nature 2023; 624:267-274. [PMID: 38092906 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The phase-coherent frequency division of a stabilized optical reference laser to the microwave domain is made possible by optical-frequency combs (OFCs)1,2. OFC-based clockworks3-6 lock one comb tooth to a reference laser, which probes a stable atomic transition, usually through an active servo that increases the complexity of the OFC photonic and electronic integration for fieldable clock applications. Here, we demonstrate that the Kerr nonlinearity enables passive, electronics-free synchronization of a microresonator-based dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) OFC7 to an externally injected reference laser. We present a theoretical model explaining this Kerr-induced synchronization (KIS), which closely matches experimental results based on a chip-integrated, silicon nitride, micro-ring resonator. Once synchronized, the reference laser captures an OFC tooth, so that tuning its frequency provides direct external control of the OFC repetition rate. We also show that the stability of the repetition rate is linked to that of the reference laser through the expected frequency division factor. Finally, KIS of an octave-spanning DKS exhibits enhancement of the opposite dispersive wave, consistent with the theoretical model, and enables improved self-referencing and access to the OFC carrier-envelope offset frequency. The KIS-mediated enhancements we demonstrate can be directly implemented in integrated optical clocks and chip-scale low-noise microwave generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Moille
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Jordan Stone
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michal Chojnacky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Shrestha
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Usman A Javid
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Menyuk
- University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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13
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Pan J, Huang T, Xu C, Xu G, Wu Z, Zhang J, Li X, Cheng Z, Zhang N, Yu H, Yin Z, Yin J, Huang B. Binding dynamics of cavity solitons in a Kerr resonator with high order dispersion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35709-35719. [PMID: 38017736 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cavity solitons are persistent light pulses arising from the externally driven Kerr resonators. Thanks to the passive parametric gain, cavity soliton has been endowed with the natural advantage of the chip-scaled integration since it was first experimentally generated in the fiber-based platform. Deterministic single soliton with smooth spectrum is a preferred state for numerous applications. However, multiple solitons are more common in the resonators with anomalous dispersion. In this condition, adjacent solitons are easily perturbed to attract and collide with each other. Some experimental observations deviated from the aforementioned description have recorded the stable soliton intervals that can last for a long time scale. This phenomenon is known as soliton binding and is attributed to the presence of narrow resonant sidebands in the spectrum. While the stationary configuration of two binding solitons has been investigated, the dynamical evolution remains an area for further exploration. In this paper, we discuss the binding dynamics of the cavity solitons in the presence of high-order dispersion. The proposed theoretical predictions match well with the numerical results, encompassing both the stationary stable intervals and dynamic trajectories. Our research will provide a comprehensive insight into the soliton motion induced by the internal perturbations.
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14
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Cui W, Liu X, Zhou H, Wang W, Qiu K, Geng Y. Ultra-low time jitter transform-limited dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37154-37161. [PMID: 38017850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator soliton frequency combs offer unique flexibility in synthesizing microwaves over a wide range of frequencies. Therefore, it is very important to study the time jitter of soliton microcombs. Here, we fabricate optical microresonators with perfect transmission spectrum that characterizes highly uniform extinction ratio and absence of mode interactions by laser machining high-purity silica fiber preforms. Based on such perfect whispering-gallery-mode cavity, We demonstrate that K-band microwave with ultra-low phase noise (-83 dBc/Hz@100 Hz; -112 dBc/Hz@1kHz; -133 dBc/Hz@10kHz) can be generated by photo-detecting the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb. Also, with the Raman scattering and dispersive wave emission largely restricted, we show that ultra-low time jitter soliton has a wide existence range. Our work illuminates a pathway toward low-noise photonic microwave generation as well as the quantum regime of soliton microcombs.
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15
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Li X, Wang Z, Li S, Zheng X, Xue X. Dual-comb generation with counter-propagating self-injection-locked solitons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36521-36530. [PMID: 38017802 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator-based optical frequency combs have been greatly developed in the last decade and have shown great potential for many applications. A dual-comb scheme is usually required for lidar ranging, spectroscopy, spectrometer and microwave photonic channelizer. However, dual-comb generation with microresonators would require doubled hardware resources and more complex feedback control. Here we propose a novel scheme for dual-comb generation with a single laser diode self-injection locked to a single microresonator. The output of the laser diode is split and pumps the microresonator in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. The scheme is investigated intensely through numerical simulations based on a set of coupled Lugiato-Lefever equations. Turnkey counter-propagating single soliton generation and repetition rate tuning are demonstrated.
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16
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Liu M, Dang Y, Huang H, Lu Z, Mei S, Cai Y, Zhou W, Zhao W. Vector solitonic pulses excitation in microresonators via free carrier effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32172-32187. [PMID: 37859026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the excitation of vector solitonic pulse with orthogonally polarized components via free-carrier effects in microresonators with normal group velocity dispersion (GVD). The dynamics of single, dual and oscillated vector pulses are unveiled under turn-key excitation with a single frequency-fixed CW laser source. Parameter spaces associated with detuning, polarization angle, interval between the pumped orthogonal resonances and pump amplitude have been revealed. Different vector pulse states can also be observed exploiting the traditional pump scanning scheme. Simultaneous and independent excitation regimes are identified due to varying interval of the orthogonal pump modes. The nonlinear coupling between two modes contributes to the distortion of the vector pulses' profile. The free-carrier effects and the pump polarization angle provide additional degrees of freedom for efficiently controlling the properties of the vector solitonic microcombs. Moreover, the crucial thermal dynamics in microcavities is discussed and weak thermal effects are found to be favorable for delayed vector pulse formation. These findings reveal complex excitation mechanism of solitonic structures and could provide novel routes for microcomb generation.
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17
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Helgason ÓB, Girardi M, Ye Z, Lei F, Schröder J, Torres-Company V. Surpassing the nonlinear conversion efficiency of soliton microcombs. NATURE PHOTONICS 2023; 17:992-999. [PMID: 37920810 PMCID: PMC10618085 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-023-01280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser frequency combs are enabling some of the most exciting scientific endeavours in the twenty-first century, ranging from the development of optical clocks to the calibration of the astronomical spectrographs used for discovering Earth-like exoplanets. Dissipative Kerr solitons generated in microresonators currently offer the prospect of attaining frequency combs in miniaturized systems by capitalizing on advances in photonic integration. Most of the applications based on soliton microcombs rely on tuning a continuous-wave laser into a longitudinal mode of a microresonator engineered to display anomalous dispersion. In this configuration, however, nonlinear physics precludes one from attaining dissipative Kerr solitons with high power conversion efficiency, with typical comb powers amounting to ~1% of the available laser power. Here we demonstrate that this fundamental limitation can be overcome by inducing a controllable frequency shift to a selected cavity resonance. Experimentally, we realize this shift using two linearly coupled anomalous-dispersion microresonators, resulting in a coherent dissipative Kerr soliton with a conversion efficiency exceeding 50% and excellent line spacing stability. We describe the soliton dynamics in this configuration and find vastly modified characteristics. By optimizing the microcomb power available on-chip, these results facilitate the practical implementation of a scalable integrated photonic architecture for energy-efficient applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óskar B. Helgason
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Girardi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fuchuan Lei
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jochen Schröder
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor Torres-Company
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Do IH, Suk D, Jeong D, Go S, Ko K, Hong HG, Yu DH, Lee JH, Lee H. Spontaneous soliton mode-locking of a microcomb assisted by Raman scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29321-29330. [PMID: 37710735 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We successfully control the interaction dynamics between optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and stimulated Raman scattering, leading to the generation of distinct frequency comb states in a microresonator. Through Raman-scattered photons, a Raman comb with a sech2 envelope is demonstrated having a broad RF beat note linewidth of several hundred kHz. Moreover, under a specific coupling regime, we successfully generate self-locked Raman single-solitons which is confirmed by a narrow RF beat note of 25 Hz. Remarkably, this spontaneous Raman soliton is deterministically generated through adiabatic pump frequency detuning without the requirement of external locking mechanisms. Additionally, we identify a frequency comb with an unconventional envelope that can be fitted with a Lorentzian × sech2 function, generated via an anti-Stokes process with respect to the Raman comb.
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19
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Lobanov VE, Kondratiev NM, Shitikov AE, Borovkova OV, Cordette SJ, Bilenko IA. Platicon stability in hot cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2353-2356. [PMID: 37126272 DOI: 10.1364/ol.480851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stability of platicons in hot cavities with normal group velocity dispersion at the interplay of Kerr and thermal nonlinearities was addressed numerically. The stability analysis was performed for different ranges of pump amplitude, thermal nonlinearity coefficient, and thermal relaxation time. It was revealed that for the positive thermal effect (i.e., the directions of the nonlinear and thermal resonance shifts are the same), the high-energy wide platicons are stable, while the negative thermal coefficient provides the stability of narrow platicons.
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20
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Zhang H, Tan T, Chen HJ, Yu Y, Wang W, Chang B, Liang Y, Guo Y, Zhou H, Xia H, Gong Q, Wong CW, Rao Y, Xiao YF, Yao B. Soliton Microcombs Multiplexing Using Intracavity-Stimulated Brillouin Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:153802. [PMID: 37115887 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solitons in microresonators have spurred intriguing nonlinear optical physics and photonic applications. Here, by combining Kerr and Brillouin nonlinearities in an over-modal microcavity, we demonstrate spatial multiplexing of soliton microcombs under a single external laser pumping operation. This demonstration offers an ideal scheme to realize highly coherent dual-comb sources in a compact, low-cost and energy-efficient manner, with uniquely low beating noise. Moreover, by selecting the dual-comb modes, the repetition rate difference of a dual-comb pair could be flexibly switched, ranging from 8.5 to 212 MHz. Beyond dual-comb, the high-density mode geometry allows the cascaded Brillouin lasers, driving the co-generation of up to 5 space-multiplexing frequency combs in distinct mode families. This Letter offers a novel physics paradigm for comb interferometry and provides a widely appropriate tool for versatile applications such as comb metrology, spectroscopy, and ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hao-Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Wenting Wang
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Bing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Handing Xia
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academic of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chee Wei Wong
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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21
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Gu J, Li X, Qi K, Pu K, Li Z, Zhang F, Li T, Xie Z, Xiao M, Jiang X. Octave-spanning soliton microcomb in silica microdisk resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1100-1103. [PMID: 36857223 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a chip-based octave-spanning soliton microcomb in a whispering gallery mode microresonator platform. By fabricating a silica microdisk resonator and optimizing its dispersion with dry etching, we achieve an octave-spanning single-soliton microcomb with a repetition rate of ∼670 GHz at an optical pump power of 162.6 mW. Also, two dispersive waves at the end of the spectrum are observed to extend the comb spectral range and improve the comb power.
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22
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Xiao Z, Li T, Cai M, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li C, Yao B, Wu K, Chen J. Near-zero-dispersion soliton and broadband modulational instability Kerr microcombs in anomalous dispersion. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 36725833 PMCID: PMC9892599 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The developing advances of microresonator-based Kerr cavity solitons have enabled versatile applications ranging from communication, signal processing to high-precision measurements. Resonator dispersion is the key factor determining the Kerr comb dynamics. Near the zero group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) regime, low-noise and broadband microcomb sources are achievable, which is crucial to the application of the Kerr soliton. When the GVD is almost vanished, higher-order dispersion can significantly affect the Kerr comb dynamics. Although many studies have investigated the Kerr comb dynamics near the zero-dispersion regime in microresonator or fiber ring system, limited by dispersion profiles and dispersion perturbations, the near-zero-dispersion soliton structure pumped in the anomalous dispersion side is still elusive so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the microcomb dynamics in fiber-based Fabry-Perot microresonator with ultra-small anomalous GVD. We obtain 2/3-octave-spaning microcombs with ~10 GHz spacing, >84 THz span, and >8400 comb lines in the modulational instability (MI) state, without any external nonlinear spectral broadening. Such widely-spanned MI combs are also able to enter the soliton state. Moreover, we report the first observation of anomalous-dispersion based near-zero-dispersion solitons, which exhibits a local repetition rate up to 8.6 THz, an individual pulse duration <100 fs, a span >32 THz and >3200 comb lines. These two distinct comb states have their own advantages. The broadband MI combs possess high conversion efficiency and wide existing range, while the near-zero-dispersion soliton exhibits relatively low phase noise and ultra-high local repetition rate. This work complements the dynamics of Kerr cavity soliton near the zero-dispersion regime, and may stimulate cross-disciplinary inspirations ranging from dispersion-controlled microresonators to broadband coherent comb devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tieying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Minglu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Kan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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23
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kHz-precision wavemeter based on reconfigurable microsoliton. Nat Commun 2023; 14:169. [PMID: 36631455 PMCID: PMC9834224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode-locked microcomb offers a unique and compact solution for photonics applications, ranging from the optical communications, the optical clock, optical ranging, the precision spectroscopy, novel quantum light source, to photonic artificial intelligence. However, the photonic micro-structures are suffering from the perturbations arising from environment thermal noises and also laser-induced nonlinear effects, leading to the frequency instability of the generated comb. Here, a universal mechanism for fully stabilizing the microcomb is proposed and experimentally verified. By incorporating two global tuning approaches and the autonomous thermal locking mechanism, the pump laser frequency and repetition rate of the microcomb can be controlled independently in real-time without interrupting the microcomb generation. The high stability and controllability of the microcomb frequency enables its application in wavelength measurement with a precision of about 1 kHz. The approach for the full control of comb frequency could be applied in various microcomb platforms, and improve their performances in timing, spectroscopy, and sensing.
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24
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Wang C, Li J, Yi A, Fang Z, Zhou L, Wang Z, Niu R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Liu J, Dong CH, Ou X. Soliton formation and spectral translation into visible on CMOS-compatible 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:341. [PMID: 36473842 PMCID: PMC9726892 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in integrated soliton microcombs open the route to a wide range of chip-based communication, sensing, and metrology applications. The technology translation from laboratory demonstrations to real-world applications requires the fabrication process of photonics chips to be fully CMOS-compatible, such that the manufacturing can take advantage of the ongoing evolution of semiconductor technology at reduced cost and with high volume. Silicon nitride has become the leading CMOS platform for integrated soliton devices, however, it is an insulator and lacks intrinsic second-order nonlinearity for electro-optic modulation. Other materials have emerged such as AlN, LiNbO3, AlGaAs and GaP that exhibit simultaneous second- and third-order nonlinearities. Here, we show that silicon carbide (SiC) -- already commercially deployed in nearly ubiquitous electrical power devices such as RF electronics, MOSFET, and MEMS due to its wide bandgap properties, excellent mechanical properties, piezoelectricity and chemical inertia -- is a new competitive CMOS-compatible platform for nonlinear photonics. High-quality-factor microresonators (Q = 4 × 106) are fabricated on 4H-SiC-on-insulator thin films, where a single soliton microcomb is generated. In addition, we observe wide spectral translation of chaotic microcombs from near-infrared to visible due to the second-order nonlinearity of SiC. Our work highlights the prospects of SiC for future low-loss integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics that could harness electro-opto-mechanical interactions on a monolithic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Ailun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Xin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China.
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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25
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Ricciardi I, Maddaloni P, De Natale P, Erkintalo M, Hansson T, Arie A, Wabnitz S, De Rosa M. Optical frequency combs in dispersion-controlled doubly resonant second-harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45694-45704. [PMID: 36522969 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental realization and a systematic study of optical frequency comb generation in doubly resonant intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG). The efficiency of intracavity nonlinear processes usually benefits from the increasing number of resonating fields. Yet, achieving the simultaneous resonance of different fields may be technically complicated, all the more when a phase matching condition must be fulfilled as well. In our cavity we can separately control the resonance condition for the fundamental and its second harmonic, by simultaneously acting on an intracavity dispersive element and on a piezo-mounted cavity mirror, without affecting the quasi-phase matching condition. In addition, by finely adjusting the laser-to-cavity detuning, we are able to observe steady comb emission across the whole resonance profile, revealing the multiplicity of comb structures, and the substantial role of thermal effects on their dynamics. Lastly, we report the results of numerical simulations of comb dynamics, which include photothermal effects, finding a good agreement with the experimental observations. Our system provides a framework for exploring the richness of comb dynamics in doubly resonant SHG systems, assisting the design of chip-scale quadratic comb generators.
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26
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Zhang B, Chen N, Lu X, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xu J. Dissipative Kerr single soliton generation with extremely high probability via spectral mode depletion. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36637629 PMCID: PMC9756270 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical Kerr solitons generation based on microresonators is essential in nonlinear optics. Among various soliton generation processes, the single soliton generation plays a pivotal role since it ensures rigorous mode-locking on each comb line whose interval equals the free spectral range (FSR) of the microresonator. Current studies show that single soliton generation is challenging due to cavity instability. Here, we propose a new method to greatly improve single soliton generation probalility in the anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) regime in a micro-ring resonator based on silicon nitride. The improvement is realized by introducing mode depletion through an integrated coupled filter. It is convenient to introduce controllable single mode depletion in a micro-ring resonator by adjusting the response function of a coupled filter. We show that spectral mode depletion (SMD) can significantly boost the single soliton generation probability. The effect of SMD on the dynamics of optical Kerr solitons generation are also discussed. The proposed method offers a straightforward and simple way to facilitate robust single soliton generation, and will have an impact on the research development in optical Kerr soliton generation and on-chip optical frequency mode manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinda Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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27
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Chen X, Sun S, Ji W, Ding X, Gao Y, Liu T, Wen J, Guo H, Wang T. Soliton Microcomb on Chip Integrated Si3N 4 Microresonators with Power Amplification in Erbium-Doped Optical Mono-Core Fiber. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2125. [PMID: 36557424 PMCID: PMC9785997 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soliton microcombs, offering large mode spacing and broad bandwidth, have enabled a variety of advanced applications, particularly for telecommunications, photonic data center, and optical computation. Yet, the absolute power of microcombs remains insufficient, such that optical power amplification is always required. Here, we demonstrate a combined technique to access power-sufficient optical microcombs, with a photonic-integrated soliton microcomb and home-developed erbium-doped gain fiber. The soliton microcomb is generated in an integrated Si3N4 microresonator chip, which serves as a full-wave probing signal for power amplification. After the amplification, more than 40 comb modes, with 115-GHz spacing, reach the onset power level of >−10 dBm, which is readily available for parallel telecommunications , among other applications.
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Nie M, Li B, Jia K, Xie Y, Yan J, Zhu S, Xie Z, Huang SW. Dissipative soliton generation and real-time dynamics in microresonator-filtered fiber lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:296. [PMID: 36224184 PMCID: PMC9556569 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency combs in microresonators (microcombs) have a wide range of applications in science and technology, due to its compact size and access to considerably larger comb spacing. Despite recent successes, the problems of self-starting, high mode efficiency as well as high output power have not been fully addressed for conventional soliton microcombs. Recent demonstration of laser cavity soliton microcombs by nesting a microresonator into a fiber cavity, shows great potential to solve the problems. Here we study the dissipative soliton generation and interaction dynamics in a microresonator-filtered fiber laser in both theory and experiment. We bring theoretical insight into the mode-locking principle, discuss the parameters effect on soliton properties, and provide experimental guidelines for broadband soliton generation. We predict chirped bright dissipative soliton with flat-top spectral envelope in microresonators with normal dispersion, which is fundamentally forbidden for the externally driven case. Furthermore, we experimentally achieve soliton microcombs with large bandwidth of ~10 nm and high mode efficiency of 90.7%. Finally, by taking advantage of an ultrahigh-speed time magnifier, we study the real-time soliton formation and interaction dynamics and experimentally observe soliton Newton's cradle. Our study will benefit the design of the novel, high-efficiency and self-starting microcombs for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Nie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yijun Xie
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Jingjie Yan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Shining Zhu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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Liu M, Dang Y, Huang H, Lu Z, Wang Y, Cai Y, Zhao W. Loss modulation assisted solitonic pulse excitation in Kerr resonators with normal group velocity dispersion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30176-30186. [PMID: 36242126 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an emergent solitonic pulse generation approach exploiting the externally introduced or intrinsic loss fluctuation effects. Single or multiple pulses are accessible via self-evolution of the system in the red, blue detuning regime or even on resonance with loss perturbation. The potential well caused by the loss profile not only traps the generated pulses, but also helps to suppress the drift regarding high-order dispersion. Breathing dynamics is also observed with high driving force, which can be transferred to stable state by backward tuning the pump detuning. We further investigate the intrinsic free carrier absorption, recognized as unfavored effect traditionally, could be an effective factor for pulse excitation through the time-variant loss fluctuation in normal dispersion microresonators. Pulse excitation dynamics associated with physical parameters are also discussed. These findings could establish a feasible path for stable localized structures and Kerr microcombs generation in potential platforms.
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Abstract
Microcombs have sparked a surge of applications over the past decade, ranging from optical communications to metrology1–4. Despite their diverse deployment, most microcomb-based systems rely on a large amount of bulky elements and equipment to fulfil their desired functions, which is complicated, expensive and power consuming. By contrast, foundry-based silicon photonics (SiPh) has had remarkable success in providing versatile functionality in a scalable and low-cost manner5–7, but its available chip-based light sources lack the capacity for parallelization, which limits the scope of SiPh applications. Here we combine these two technologies by using a power-efficient and operationally simple aluminium-gallium-arsenide-on-insulator microcomb source to drive complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor SiPh engines. We present two important chip-scale photonic systems for optical data transmission and microwave photonics, respectively. A microcomb-based integrated photonic data link is demonstrated, based on a pulse-amplitude four-level modulation scheme with a two-terabit-per-second aggregate rate, and a highly reconfigurable microwave photonic filter with a high level of integration is constructed using a time-stretch approach. Such synergy of a microcomb and SiPh integrated components is an essential step towards the next generation of fully integrated photonic systems. A simple and power-efficient microcomb source is used to drive complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor silicon photonic engines, a step towards the next generation of fully integrated photonic systems.
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Li J, Wan S, Peng JL, Wang ZY, Niu R, Zou CL, Guo GC, Dong CH. Thermal tuning of mode crossing and the perfect soliton crystal in a Si 3N 4 microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13690-13698. [PMID: 35472976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr solitons in high quality microresonators have attracted much attention in the past few years. They provide ideal platforms for a number of applications. Here, we fabricate the Si3N4 microring resonator with anomalous dispersion for the generation of single soliton and soliton crystal. Based on the strong thermal effect in the high-Q microresonator, the location and strength of the avoided mode crossing in the device can be changed by the intracavity power. Because the existence of the avoided mode crossing can induce the perfect soliton crystal with specific soliton number, we could choose the appropriate pumped resonance mode and appropriate pump power to obtain the perfect soliton crystals on demand.
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32
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Coherent optical communications using coherence-cloned Kerr soliton microcombs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1070. [PMID: 35228546 PMCID: PMC8885653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDissipative Kerr soliton microcombs have been recognized as a promising multi-wavelength laser source for fiber optical communications, as their comb lines possess frequency and phase stability far beyond the independent lasers. Especially, for coherent optical communications, a highly beneficial but rarely explored target is to re-generate a Kerr soliton microcomb as the receiver local oscillators that conserve the frequency and phase property of the incoming data carriers, so that to enable coherent detection with minimized optical and electrical compensations. Here, via pump laser conveying and two-point locking, we implement re-generation of a Kerr soliton microcomb that faithfully clones the frequency and phase of another microcomb sent from 50 km away. Moreover, by using the coherence-cloned soliton microcombs as carriers and local oscillators, we demonstrate terabit coherent data interconnect, wherein traditional digital processes for frequency offset estimation are totally dispensed with, and carrier phase estimation is substantially simplified via slowed-down estimation rate per channel and joint estimation among multiple channels. Our work reveals that, in addition to providing a multitude of laser tones, regulating the frequency and phase of Kerr soliton microcombs among transmitters and receivers can significantly improve optical coherent communication in terms of performance, power consumption, and simplicity.
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Shi JC, Ji QX, Cao QT, Yu Y, Liu W, Gong Q, Xiao YF. Vibrational Kerr Solitons in an Optomechanical Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:073901. [PMID: 35244428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kerr soliton microcombs in microresonators have been a prominent miniaturized coherent light source. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the existence of Kerr solitons in an optomechanical microresonator, for which a nonlinear model is built by incorporating a single mechanical mode and multiple optical modes. Interestingly, an exotic vibrational Kerr soliton state is found, which is modulated by a self-sustained mechanical oscillation. Besides, the soliton provides extra mechanical gain through the optical spring effect, and results in phonon lasing with a red-detuned pump. Various nonlinear dynamics is also observed, including limit cycle, higher periodicity, and transient chaos. This work provides a guidance for not only exploring many-body nonlinear interactions, but also promoting precision measurements by featuring superiority of both frequency combs and optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Xin Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Lei F, Ye Z, Torres-Company V. Thermal noise reduction in soliton microcombs via laser self-cooling. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:513-516. [PMID: 35103664 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal noise usually dominates the low-frequency region of the optical phase noise of soliton microcombs, which leads to decoherence that limits many aspects of applications. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and reliable way to mitigate this noise by laser cooling with a pump laser. The key is rendering the pump laser to simultaneously excite two neighboring cavity modes from different families that are respectively red and blue detuned, one for soliton generation and the other for laser cooling.
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35
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Zhang S, Bi T, Ghalanos GN, Moroney NP, Del Bino L, Del'Haye P. Dark-Bright Soliton Bound States in a Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:033901. [PMID: 35119896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.033901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr solitons in microresonators have facilitated the development of fully coherent, chip-scale frequency combs. In addition, dark soliton pulses have been observed in microresonators in the normal dispersion regime. Here, we report bound states of mutually trapped dark-bright soliton pairs in a microresonator. The soliton pairs are generated seeding two modes with opposite dispersion but with similar group velocities. One laser operating in the anomalous dispersion regime generates a bright soliton microcomb, while the other laser in the normal dispersion regime creates a dark soliton via Kerr-induced cross-phase modulation with the bright soliton. Numerical simulations agree well with experimental results and reveal a novel mechanism to generate dark soliton pulses. The trapping of dark and bright solitons can lead to light states with the intriguing property of constant output power while spectrally resembling a frequency comb. These results can be of interest for telecommunication systems, frequency comb applications, and ultrafast optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyou Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Toby Bi
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - George N Ghalanos
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall P Moroney
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Del Bino
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Del'Haye
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Nishimoto K, Minoshima K, Yasui T, Kuse N. Thermal control of a Kerr microresonator soliton comb via an optical sideband. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:281-284. [PMID: 35030587 DOI: 10.1364/ol.448326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the thermal control of a dissipative Kerr microresonator soliton comb via an optical sideband generated from an electro-optic modulator. Same as the previous reports using an independent auxiliary laser, our sideband-based (S-B) auxiliary light also enables access to a stable soliton comb and reduces the phase noise of the soliton comb, greatly simplifying the set-up with an auxiliary laser. More importantly, because of the intrinsically high frequency/phase correlation between the pump and S-B auxiliary light, the detuning between the pump and resonance frequency is automatically almost fixed, which allows an 18 times larger "effective" soliton existence range than the conventional method using an independent auxiliary laser, as well as a scanning of the soliton comb of more than 10 GHz without using microheaters.
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37
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Tsao E, Xie Y, Nie M, Huang SW. Monostable dissipative Kerr solitons. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:122-125. [PMID: 34951897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kerr microcombs hold the promise of bringing frequency combs onto the chip and into a variety of applications requiring low size, weight, power, and cost. However, reliable Kerr microcomb generation is hindered by the thermal effect and multistability of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs). Past approaches toward Kerr microcomb reliability include either deterministic single-soliton generation or self-starting soliton behavior but not both. Here we describe a regime of DKSs that is both deterministic and self-starting, in which only a single soliton can stably exist. We term this new DKS regime "monostable DKSs" (MS-DKSs) as all other optical behaviors, such as continuous-wave-only and multiple solitons, are fundamentally forbidden by the design. We establish a graphical model to describe MS-DKSs and discuss the design principles of MS-DKSs. We numerically demonstrate the MS-DKS behavior in an example periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonator.
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38
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Moille G, Perez EF, Stone JR, Rao A, Lu X, Rahman TS, Chembo YK, Srinivasan K. Ultra-broadband Kerr microcomb through soliton spectral translation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7275. [PMID: 34907189 PMCID: PMC8671399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadband and low-noise microresonator frequency combs (microcombs) are critical for deployable optical frequency measurements. Here we expand the bandwidth of a microcomb far beyond its anomalous dispersion region on both sides of its spectrum through spectral translation mediated by mixing of a dissipative Kerr soliton and a secondary pump. We introduce the concept of synthetic dispersion to qualitatively capture the system’s key physical behavior, in which the second pump enables spectral translation through four-wave mixing Bragg scattering. Experimentally, we pump a silicon nitride microring at 1063 nm and 1557 nm to enable soliton spectral translation, resulting in a total bandwidth of 1.6 octaves (137–407 THz). We examine the comb’s low-noise characteristics, through heterodyne beat note measurements across its spectrum, measurements of the comb tooth spacing in its primary and spectrally translated portions, and their relative noise. These ultra-broadband microcombs provide new opportunities for optical frequency synthesis, optical atomic clocks, and reaching previously unattainable wavelengths. Integrated optical frequency measurements, benefit from broadband on-chip frequency combs. Here the authors present a low-noise microcomb whose span extends from telecom to near-visible wavelengths. Here the authors present a dissipative Kerr soliton formation approximated by introducing the concept of synthetic dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Moille
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. .,Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Edgar F Perez
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jordan R Stone
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ashutosh Rao
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tahmid Sami Rahman
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yanne K Chembo
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. .,Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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39
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Moille G, Westly D, Simelgor G, Srinivasan K. Impact of the precursor gas ratio on dispersion engineering of broadband silicon nitride microresonator frequency combs. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5970-5973. [PMID: 34851936 DOI: 10.1364/ol.440907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator frequency combs, or microcombs, have gained wide appeal for their rich nonlinear physics and wide range of applications. Stoichiometric silicon nitride films grown via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), in particular, are widely used in chip-integrated Kerr microcombs. Critical to such devices is the ability to control the microresonator dispersion, which has contributions from both material refractive index dispersion and geometric confinement. Here, we show that modifications to the ratio of the gaseous precursors in LPCVD growth have a significant impact on material dispersion and hence the overall microresonator dispersion. In contrast to the many efforts focused on comparisons between Si-rich films and stoichiometric (Si3N4) films, here, we focus on films whose precursor gas ratios should nominally place them in the stoichiometric regime. We further show that microresonator geometric dispersion can be tuned to compensate for changes in the material dispersion.
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40
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Chen Y, Liu T, Sun S, Guo H. Temporal dissipative structures in optical Kerr resonators with transient loss fluctuation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35776-35791. [PMID: 34809005 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative structures are the result of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a dynamic open system, which is induced by either the nonlinear effect or loss fluctuations. While optical temporal dissipative solitons in nonlinear Kerr cavities has been widely studied, their operation is limited to the red-detuned regime. Here, we demonstrate an emergent dissipative soliton state in optical nonlinear cavities in the presence of loss fluctuations, which is accessible by self-evolution of the system on resonance. Based on a modified dissipative and Kerr-nonlinear cavity model, we numerically investigate the effect of the loss modulation on the intracavity field pattern, and in transmission observe a single and bright soliton pulse state at the zero detuning. The effect of the optical saturable absorption is also numerically investigated, which is recognized as an effective approach to the transient loss fluctuation in the cavity. The estimated power efficiency of the resonant bright soliton can be higher than that of the conventional dissipative Kerr soliton, which is determined by the loss modulation depth and the pump intensity. The self-starting soliton state on system's resonance is potentially of wide interest, which physically contributes to insights of the temporal structure formation in dissipative cavities. On application aspect, it may constitute a way to the generation of ultra-fast soliton pulse trains as well as the generation of soliton micro-combs.
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41
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Lu Z, Chen HJ, Wang W, Yao L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Little BE, Chu ST, Gong Q, Zhao W, Yi X, Xiao YF, Zhang W. Synthesized soliton crystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3179. [PMID: 34039968 PMCID: PMC8154952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) featuring broadband coherent frequency comb with compact size and low power consumption, provides an unparalleled tool for nonlinear physics investigation and precise measurement applications. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics generally leads to stochastic soliton formation process and makes it highly challenging to manipulate soliton number and temporal distribution in the microcavity. Here, synthesized and reconfigurable soliton crystals (SCs) are demonstrated by constructing a periodic intra-cavity potential field, which allows deterministic SCs synthesis with soliton numbers from 1 to 32 in a monolithic integrated microcavity. The ordered temporal distribution coherently enhanced the soliton crystal comb lines power up to 3 orders of magnitude in comparison to the single-soliton state. The interaction between the traveling potential field and the soliton crystals creates periodic forces on soliton and results in forced soliton oscillation. Our work paves the way to effectively manipulate cavity solitons. The demonstrated synthesized SCs offer reconfigurable temporal and spectral profiles, which provide compelling advantages for practical applications such as photonic radar, satellite communication and radio-frequency filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Lu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao-Jing Chen
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - B. E. Little
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. T. Chu
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Qihuang Gong
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.495569.2Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China ,grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.495569.2Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China ,grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Lobanov VE, Kondratiev NM, Bilenko IA. Thermally induced generation of platicons in optical microresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2380-2383. [PMID: 33988588 DOI: 10.1364/ol.422988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a numerically novel mechanism providing generation of the flat-top solitonic pulses, platicons, in optical microresonators at normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) via negative thermal effects. We found that platicon excitation is possible if the ratio of the photon lifetime to the thermal relaxation time is large enough. We show that there are two regimes of the platicon generation depending on the pump amplitude: the smooth one and the oscillatory one. Parameter ranges providing platicon excitation are found and analyzed for different values of the thermal relaxation time, frequency scan rate, and GVD coefficient. Possibility of the turn-key generation regime is also shown.
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Do IH, Kim D, Jeong D, Suk D, Kwon D, Kim J, Lee JH, Lee H. Self-stabilized soliton generation in a microresonator through mode-pulled Brillouin lasing. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1772-1775. [PMID: 33793540 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the complexity required for starting and maintaining a soliton state has been a major task to fully miniaturize soliton microcombs including the accompanying external operating systems. Here we experimentally examine the generative process of a self-stabilized soliton in which a continuous-wave pump detuned on the thermally stable blue side of a resonance generates a Brillouin lasing signal that relays the pump power to the soliton pulses via intracavity mode-coupling without breaking thermal self-stability. Based on a simple setup consisting of a free-running laser and a microcavity without any external feedback systems by virtue of internal thermal locking, single-soliton pulses of 11 GHz repetition rate were deterministically generated. We demonstrate that the single-soliton pulses can be passively maintained over several days in a laboratory environment with a phase noise performance of -137dBc/Hz at 100 kHz.
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44
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Bai Y, Zhang M, Shi Q, Ding S, Qin Y, Xie Z, Jiang X, Xiao M. Brillouin-Kerr Soliton Frequency Combs in an Optical Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:063901. [PMID: 33635694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.063901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By generating a Brillouin laser in an optical microresonator, we realize a soliton Kerr microcomb through exciting the Kerr frequency comb using the generated Brillouin laser in the same cavity. The intracavity Brillouin laser pumping scheme enables us to access the soliton states with a blue-detuned input pump. Because of the ultranarrow linewidth and the low-noise properties of the generated Brillouin laser, the observed soliton microcomb exhibits narrow-linewidth comb lines and stable repetition rate. Also, we demonstrate a low-noise microwave signal with phase noise of -49 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz, -130 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, and -149 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offsets for a 10.43 GHz carrier with only a free-running input pump. The easy operation of the Brillouin-Kerr soliton microcomb with excellent performance makes our scheme promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Menghua Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shulin Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingchun Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoshun Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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45
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Jang YS, Liu H, Yang J, Yu M, Kwong DL, Wong CW. Nanometric Precision Distance Metrology via Hybrid Spectrally Resolved and Homodyne Interferometry in a Single Soliton Frequency Microcomb. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023903. [PMID: 33512195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser interferometry serves a fundamental role in science and technology, assisting precision metrology and dimensional length measurement. During the past decade, laser frequency combs-a coherent optical-microwave frequency ruler over a broad spectral range with traceability to time-frequency standards-have contributed pivotal roles in laser dimensional metrology with ever-growing demands in measurement precision. Here we report spectrally resolved laser dimensional metrology via a free-running soliton frequency microcomb, with nanometric-scale precision. Spectral interferometry provides information on the optical time-of-flight signature, and the large free-spectral range and high coherence of the microcomb enable tooth-resolved and high-visibility interferograms that can be directly read out with optical spectrum instrumentation. We employ a hybrid timing signal from comb-line homodyne, microcomb, and background amplified spontaneous emission spectrally resolved interferometry-all from the same spectral interferogram. Our combined soliton and homodyne architecture demonstrates a 3-nm repeatability over a 23-mm nonambiguity range achieved via homodyne interferometry and over 1000-s stability in the long-term precision metrology at the white noise limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Soo Jang
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Length Standards Group, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Liu
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mingbin Yu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - Dim-Lee Kwong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - Chee Wei Wong
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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46
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Moille G, Westly D, Orji NG, Srinivasan K. Tailoring Broadband Kerr Soliton Microcombs via Post-Fabrication Tuning of the Geometric Dispersion. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2021; 119:10.1063/5.0061238. [PMID: 38496785 PMCID: PMC10941269 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Geometric dispersion in integrated microresonators plays a major role in nonlinear optics applications, especially at short wavelengths, to compensate the natural material normal dispersion. Tailoring of geometric confinement allows for anomalous dispersion, which in particular enables the formation of microcombs which can be tuned into the dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) regime. Due to processes like soliton-induced dispersive wave generation, broadband DKS combs are particularly sensitive to higher-order dispersion, which in turn is sensitive to the ring dimensions at the nanometer-level. For microrings exhibiting a rectangular cross section, the ring width and thickness are the two main control parameters to achieve the targeted dispersion. The former can be easily varied through parameter variation within the lithography mask, yet the latter is defined by the film thickness during growth of the starting material stack, and can show a significant variation (few percent of the total thickness) over a single wafer. In this letter, we demonstrate that controlled dry-etching allows for fine tuning of the device layer (silicon nitride) thickness at the wafer level, allowing multi-project wafers targeting different wavelength bands, and post-fabrication trimming in air-clad ring devices. We demonstrate that such dry etching does not significantly affect either the silicon nitride surface roughness or the optical quality of the devices, thereby enabling fine tuning of the dispersion and the spectral shape of the resulting DKS states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Moille
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Daron Westly
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ndubuisi George Orji
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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47
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Tan M, Xu X, Wu J, Morandotti R, Mitchell A, Moss DJ. RF and microwave photonic temporal signal processing with Kerr micro-combs. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2020.1838946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Tan
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Xingyuan Xu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X-1S2, Canada
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J. Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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48
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Qin C, Jia K, Li Q, Tan T, Wang X, Guo Y, Huang SW, Liu Y, Zhu S, Xie Z, Rao Y, Yao B. Electrically controllable laser frequency combs in graphene-fibre microresonators. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:185. [PMID: 33298858 PMCID: PMC7652939 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, School of Physics and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Qianyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices (Education Ministry of China), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, School of Physics and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices (Education Ministry of China), School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, School of Physics and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, School of Physics and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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49
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Jia K, Wang X, Kwon D, Wang J, Tsao E, Liu H, Ni X, Guo J, Yang M, Jiang X, Kim J, Zhu SN, Xie Z, Huang SW. Photonic Flywheel in a Monolithic Fiber Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143902. [PMID: 33064523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first compact photonic flywheel with sub-fs time jitter (averaging times up to 10 μs) at the quantum-noise limit of a monolithic fiber resonator. Such quantum-limited performance is accessed through novel two-step pumping scheme for dissipative Kerr soliton generation. Controllable interaction between stimulated Brillouin lasing and Kerr nonlinearity enhances the DKS coherence and mitigates the thermal instability challenge, achieving a remarkable 22-Hz intrinsic comb linewidth and an unprecedented phase noise of -180 dBc/Hz at 945-MHz carrier at free running. The scheme can be generalized to various device platforms for field-deployable precision metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Jia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dohyeon Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eugene Tsao
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Huaying Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xin Ni
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mufan Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoshun Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Ning Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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50
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Geng Y, Cui W, Sun J, Chen X, Yin X, Deng G, Zhou Q, Zhou H. Enhancing the long-term stability of dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5073-5076. [PMID: 32932456 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A temporal dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) frequency comb can be generated in an optical micro-cavity relying on the rigid balance between cavity decay (dispersion) and parametric gain (nonlinear phase modulation) induced by an intense pump laser. In practice, to maintain such delicate double balances experienced by the intracavity soliton pulses, it requires precise control of the pump laser frequency and power, as well as the micro-cavity parameters. However, to date there still lacks experimental demonstration that simultaneously stabilizes all these key parameters to enhance the long-term DKS stability. Here, we demonstrate continuous working of a on-chip DKS microcomb for a record-breaking 14 days without showing any sign of breakdown. Such improved microcomb stability is enabled mainly by robust pump power coupling to the micro-cavity utilizing packaged planar-lightwave-circuit mode converters, and faithful locking of the pump frequency detuning via an auxiliary laser heating method. In addition to superior stability, the demonstrated DKS microcomb system also achieves favorable compactness, with all the accessory modules being assembled into a standard 4U case. We hope that our demonstration could prompt the practical utilization of Kerr microcombs in real-world applications.
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