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Yang Y, Chen B, Zhang Y, Peng H, Chen J, Chen S. Copper Vanadium Oxide Yolk-Shell Microspheres with Excellent Capacitance and Cycling Performance for Electrochromic Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39096487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is considered a promising material for electrochromic supercapacitors due to its rich color transitions and excellent electrochemical capacity. However, V2O5 exhibits low electrical conductivity, and its volume changes dramatically during charge-discharge cycles, leading to structural collapse and poor long-term cyclability. These issues have hindered the development and application of V2O5. In this study, copper vanadium oxide yolk-shell microspheres (CVO) were synthesized through a one-step solvent heat treatment with an annealing process. With the doping of copper element, the capacitance, conductivity, and cyclic stability of CVO microspheres were significantly enhanced. Subsequently, the sphere-wire network structure was formed by blending Na2V6O16·3H2O nanowires (NVO), resulting in the formation of CVO/NVO composites. The three-dimensional sphere-wire network efficiently facilitates the acquisition of additional redox sites and strengthens the material-to-substrate bonding. Under the combined influence of these favorable factors, CVO/NVO achieved a high specific capacitance of 39.2 mF cm-2, with a capacitance retention of 84% after 7500 cycles at a current density of 0.7 mA cm-2. The fully inorganic solid-state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC), assembled on the basis of CVO/NVO, demonstrates a vivid and clearly distinguishable color change (ΔE* = 37). Even more impressive is the energy storage capacity (18.4 mF·cm-2) and the cycling stability (up to 89% retention after 10,000 cycles) exhibited by the devices. These key performances are superior to those of most of the previously reported V2O5-based ECSCs, opening a promising avenue for the development of V2O5-based electrochromic energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhaobo Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Biao Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Down-Hole Service Company of Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Dongying 257066, China
| | - Hongchao Peng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Wang S, Yin H, Li Y, Du Z, Zhang YM, Zhang SXA. Spectrum Reconstruction Model Based on Multispectral Electrochromic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400979. [PMID: 38994880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Reconstructing the visible spectra of real objects is critical to the spectral camouflage from emerging spectral imaging. Electrochromic materials exhibit unique superiority for this goal due to their subtractive color-mixing model and structural diversity. Herein, a simulation model is proposed and a method is developed to fabricate electrochromic devices for dynamically reproducing the visible spectrum of the natural leaf. Over 20 kinds of pH-dependent leuco dyes have been synthesized/prepared through molecular engineering and offered available spectra/bands to reconstruct the spectrum of the natural leaf. More importantly, the spectral variance between the device and leaf is optimized from an initial 98.9 to an ideal 10.3 through the simulation model, which means, the similarity increased nearly nine-fold. As a promising spectrum reconstruction approach, it will promote the development of smart photoelectric materials in adaptive camouflage, spectral display, high-end encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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3
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Guo S, Zhu R, Chen J, Liu W, Zhang Y, Li J, Li H. MXene-based all-solid flexible electrochromic microsupercapacitor. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:89. [PMID: 38919161 PMCID: PMC11196698 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for multifunctional optoelectronic devices, flexible electrochromic energy storage devices are being widely recognized as promising platforms for diverse applications. However, simultaneously achieving high capacitance, fast color switching and large optical modulation range is very challenging. In this study, the MXene-based flexible in-plane microsupercapacitor was fabricated via a mask-assisted spray coating approach. By adding electrochromic ethyl viologen dibromide (EVB) into the electrolyte, the device showed a reversible color change during the charge/discharge process. Due to the high electronic conductivity of the MXene flakes and the fast response kinetics of EVB, the device exhibited a fast coloration/bleaching time of 2.6 s/2.5 s, a large optical contrast of 60%, and exceptional coloration efficiency. In addition, EVB acted as a redox additive to reinforce the energy storage performance; as a result, the working voltage window of the Ti3C2-based symmetric aqueous microsupercapacitor was extended to 1 V. Moreover, the device had a high areal capacitance of 12.5 mF cm-2 with superior flexibility and mechanical stability and showed almost 100% capacitance retention after 100 bending cycles. The as-prepared device has significant potential for a wide range of applications in flexible and wearable electronics, particularly in the fields of camouflage, anticounterfeiting, and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlu Guo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Ruihe Zhu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jianmin Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, 518000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
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4
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Park H, Choi G, Yoon S, Jung Y, Bang J, Kim M, Ko SH. MXene-Enhanced Ionovoltaic Effect by Evaporation and Water Infiltration in Semiconductor Nanochannels. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13130-13140. [PMID: 38709625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, substantial attention has been directed toward energy-harvesting systems that exploit sunlight energy and water resources. Intensive research efforts are underway to develop energy generation methodologies through interactions with water using various materials. In the present investigation, we synthesized sodium vanadium oxide (SVO) nanorods with n-type semiconductor characteristics. These nanorods facilitate the initiation of capillary phenomena within nanochannels, thereby enhancing the interfacial area between nanomaterials and ions. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) was 0.8 V, and the short-circuit current (ISC) was 30 μA, which were continuously monitored at room temperature using a 0.1 M saltwater solution. Additionally, we achieved enhanced energy generation by efficiently converting light energy into thermal energy using MXene, a 2D material. This was accomplished through the photothermal effect, leveraging the inherent semiconductor characteristics. Under light exposure, the system exhibited improved performance attributed to heightened ion diffusion and increased conductivity. This phenomenon was a result of the concerted synergy between ions and electrons facilitated by a semiconductor nanofluidic channel. Ultimately, we demonstrated an application to showcase real-world viability. In this scenario, electricity was harvested through a smart buoy floating on the water, and, based on this, data from the surrounding environment was sensed and wirelessly transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gyuho Choi
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangjin Yoon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-road, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Z, Zhu H, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Chen Z, Guo W. Recent Advance in Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Display Applications. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300770. [PMID: 38236013 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) possess the performance advantages in terms of color adjustability, low power consumption, and visual friendliness, emerging as one of the ideal candidates for energy-efficient smart windows, next-generation displays, and wearable electronics. The optical and electrical characteristics of ECDs can be adjusted by modifying the materials or structure of devices. This review summarizes the recent developments of innovative technologies and key materials of ECDs for display applications, highlighting the key issues and development trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hengli Zhu
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | - Yijun Lu
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhou S, Yang Z, Feng X, Zuo J, Wang N, Thummavichai K, Zhu Y. The frontier of tungsten oxide nanostructures in electronic applications. iScience 2024; 27:109535. [PMID: 38617562 PMCID: PMC11015465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) glazing has garnered significant attention recently as a crucial solution for enhancing energy efficiency in future construction and automotive sectors. EC glazing could significantly reduce the energy usage of buildings compared to traditional blinds and glazing. Despite their commercial availability, several challenges remain, including issues with switching time, leakage of electrolytes, production costs, etc. Consequently, these areas demand more attention and further studies. Among inorganic-based EC materials, tungsten oxide nanostructures are essential due to its outstanding advantages such as low voltage demand, high coloration coefficient, large optical modulation range, and stability. This review will summarize the principal design and mechanism of EC device fabrication. It will highlight the current gaps in understanding the mechanism of EC theory, discuss the progress in material development for EC glazing, including various solutions for improving EC materials, and finally, introduce the latest advancements in photo-EC devices that integrate photovoltaic and EC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiangyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kunyapat Thummavichai
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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7
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Liu Q, Ou X, Niu Y, Li L, Xing D, Zhou Y, Yan F. Flexible Zn-ion Electrochromic Batteries with Multiple-color Variations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317944. [PMID: 38332681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic batteries as emerging smart energy devices are highly sought after owing to their real-time energy monitoring through visual color conversion. However, their large-scale applicability is hindered by insufficient capacity, inadequate cycling stability, and limited color variation. Herein, a flexible Zn-ion electrochromic battery (ZIEB) was assembled with sodium vanadate (VONa+) cathode, ion-redistributing hydrogel electrolyte, and Zn anode to address these challenges. The electrolyte contains anchored -SO3 - and -NH3 +, which facilitates ionic transportation and prevents Zn dendrite formation by promoting orientated Zn2+ deposition on the Zn (002) surface. The ZIEB exhibits a continuous reversible color transition, ranging from fully charged orange to mid-charged brown and drained green. It also demonstrates a high specific capacity of 302.4 mAh ⋅ g-1 at 0.05 A ⋅ g-1 with a capacity retention of 96.3 % after 500 cycles at 3 A ⋅ g-1. Additionally, the ZIEB maintains stable energy output even under bending, rolling, knotting, and twisting. This work paves a new strategy for the design of smart energy devices in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xu Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Legeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Doudou Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feng Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Huang Z, Feng L, Xia X, Zhao J, Qi P, Wang Y, Zhou J, Shen L, Zhang S, Zhang X. Advanced inorganic nanomaterials for high-performance electrochromic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2078-2096. [PMID: 38226722 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials and devices with the capability of dynamic optical regulation have attracted considerable attention recently and have shown a variety of potential applications including energy-efficient smart windows, multicolor displays, atuto-diming mirrors, military camouflage, and adaptive thermal management due to the advantages of active control, wide wavelength modulation, and low energy consumption. However, its development still experiences a number of issues such as long response time and inadequate durability. Nanostructuring has demonstrated that it is an effective strategy to improve the electrochromic performance of the materials due to the increased reaction active sites and the reduced ion diffusion distance. Various advanced inorganic nanomaterials with high electrochromic performance have been developed recently, significantly contributing to the development of electrochromic applications. In this review, we systematically introduce and discuss the recent advances in advanced inorganic nanomaterials including zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials for high-performance electrochromic applications. Finally, we outline the current major challenges and our perspectives for the future development of nanostructured electrochromic materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xianjie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Penglu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Laifa Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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Chen Z, Chen J, Ma T, Hu J, Huo L, Guo W, Ji Y, Yin Q, Zeng H, Li Z. Multi-color transparent display based on perovskite quantum dots fabricated by laser-induced plasma etching. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4436-4445. [PMID: 38297645 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Display technology is being revolutionized by cutting-edge transparent displays that can provide visual information on the screen while allowing the surrounding environment to be visible. In this report, a new method is proposed for patterning displays based on perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) on glass surfaces. A glass substrate with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) constraint layer is patterned using laser-induced plasma etching, and then a PQDs film is spin-coated on the etched sample. The PQDs pattern on the glass substrate is obtained after peeling off the PVDF constraint layer. The thickness of the film is obtained by carrying out simulations. The plasma output from different metal targets is recorded and analyzed to select the most suitable parameters and materials for improvement of the patterning accuracy. The transparent pattern display of PQDs is realized with an accuracy of 10-20 µm and a burial depth of about 1 µm. This method allows PQDs to be encapsulated under the substrate surface, which decreases the susceptibility of environmental impact. Additionally, encapsulation prevents the quantum dots from leaking out and causing environmental pollution. The proposed method has potential in the design of transparent displays and anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Hu J, Zhang Y, Xu B, Ouyang Y, Ma Y, Wang H, Chen J, Li H. A hydrophobic alloy-coated Zn anode for durable electrochromic devices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:566-569. [PMID: 38093681 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate Zn corrosion, dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in Zn-anode based electrochromic devices, hydrophobic CuZn5 alloy was coated on Zn@CuZn with lower nucleation potential, high coulombic efficiency, inhibited HER, and prolonged reversibility, enabling improved switching kinetics and cycling stability in an electrochromic Zn@CuZn||Prussian Blue (PB) device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yujia Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Huanlei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Haizeng Li
- Institute of Frontier & Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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11
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Chen J, Song G, Cong S, Zhao Z. Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300179. [PMID: 36929668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near-fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high-contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Zhou F, Liang D, Liu S, Guo Z, Wang M, Zhou G. Water-Based Additive-Free Chromic Inks for Printing of Flexible Photochromics and Electrochromics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49418-49426. [PMID: 37844265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Digital inkjet printing has become one of the most convenient and efficient technologies for coating chromic materials on flexible substrates with complicated patterns. However, the development of water-based, additive-free chromic inks for inkjet printing still remains a challenge. Herein, three ammonium-functionalized colorless viologen derivatives AV, APV, and AQV with excellent water solubilities are utilized as chromes in the chromic inks due to their excellent photochromic and electrochromic properties. Water, ethanol, and ethylene glycol are selected as cosolvents, and their contents in this ternary solvent system have been optimized to achieve comprehensive rheological properties. With the H2O:EtOH:EG weight ratio of 8:1:7, the chromic ink based on AV realizes a viscosity of 4.69 mPa·s, a surface tension of 45.13 mN/m, and a Z value of 3.87. Without adding any additive, the as-prepared chromic inks can be printed on flexible substrates, such as paper and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films, by a conventional inkjet printer with inherent high resolutions. The printed patterns are initially invisible due to the colorless characteristics of the chromic inks. Interestingly, the printed films are responsive to both light and electric stimuli. Upon irradiation by UV light, a series of sentences with font sizes from 5 to 12 points and four quick response codes with different lattice resolutions clearly appear on the printed paper. Meanwhile, after printing on an indium tin oxide-coated PET substrate, electrochromic devices (ECDs) can be facilely fabricated by covering a hydrogel electrolyte on the printed films. Upon application of different potentials, the assembled ECDs exhibit "Peking Opera facial makeup" patterns with different colors. Therefore, the developed water-based additive-free chromic inks can be utilized for information display and encryption applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Dingli Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zeying Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Song Z, Wang B, Zhang W, Zhu Q, Elezzabi AY, Liu L, Yu WW, Li H. Fast and Stable Zinc Anode-Based Electrochromic Displays Enabled by Bimetallically Doped Vanadate and Aqueous Zn 2+/Na + Hybrid Electrolytes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:229. [PMID: 37847343 PMCID: PMC10581958 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanadates are a class of the most promising electrochromic materials for displays as their multicolor characteristics. However, the slow switching times and vanadate dissolution issues of recently reported vanadates significantly hinder their diverse practical applications. Herein, novel strategies are developed to design electrochemically stable vanadates having rapid switching times. We show that the interlayer spacing is greatly broadened by introducing sodium and lanthanum ions into V3O8 interlayers, which facilitates the transportation of cations and enhances the electrochemical kinetics. In addition, a hybrid Zn2+/Na+ electrolyte is designed to inhibit vanadate dissolution while significantly accelerating electrochemical kinetics. As a result, our electrochromic displays yield the most rapid switching times in comparison with any reported Zn-vanadate electrochromic displays. It is envisioned that stable vanadate-based electrochromic displays having video speed switching are appearing on the near horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Linhua Liu
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - William W Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Jiang C, Ge R, Bian C, Chen L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Cai G, Xiao X. Multicolored inorganic electrochromic materials: status, challenge, and prospects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15450-15471. [PMID: 37721398 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of advocacy for green and low-carbon development, electrochromism has attracted academic and industrial attention as an intelligent and energy-saving applied technology due to its optical switching behavior and its special principles of operation. Inorganic electrochromic materials, represented by transition metal oxides, are considered candidates for the next generation of large-scale electrochromic applied technologies due to their excellent stability. However, the limited color diversity and low color purity of these materials greatly restrict their development. Starting from the multicolor properties of inorganic electrochromic materials, this review systematically elaborates on recent progress in the aspects of the intrinsic multicolor of electrochromic materials, and structural multicolor based on the interaction between light and microstructure. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of inorganic electrochromic technology in the field of multicolor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lirong Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiudi Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Mondal S, Santra DC, Roy S, Narayana YSLV, Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Reversible Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual Switching in Zn(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42912-42919. [PMID: 37644710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of novel materials with multifunctional chromogenic properties, such as electrochromic/electrofluorochromic (EC/EFC) properties, has recently attracted prospective interest in the development of various optoelectronic devices and smart windows. In this study, a novel Zn(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer (polyZn) has been developed as an ON/OFF switchable EFC application with prominent EC behavior. In this regard, the polymeric chain of polyZn was first synthesized by 1:1 complexation in a zigzag manner with Zn(II) ions at the metal center and 4,4'-[bis(2,2':6',2″-terpyridinyl)benzene]triphenylamine (LTPY-TPA) as the redox-active ditopic ligand. The polyZn exhibits excellent solubility in organic solvents and can form a very good uniform thin film on an indium tin oxide/glass substrate by spin-coating. In a neutral state, transparent polyZn exhibits a bright yellow color to the naked eye (absorption at ∼325 nm). The electroactive triphenylamine (TPA) core of LTPA-TPY, however, undergoes reversible single-electron oxidation when a positive bias of +1.6 V vs Ag/Ag+ is applied, generating radical cations (TPA ↔ TPA•+) with a significant drop in transparency (77%). A noticeable chromic shift in the hue of the film from brilliant yellow to green was observed with the appearance of a near-infrared absorption band at ∼897 nm with a tail of 1300-1600 nm. Interestingly, in addition to this EC phenomenon, the fabricated solid-state polyZn film exhibits intense, high-contrast reddish-orange photoluminescence with λem = 650 nm, which is significantly desired as a molecular probe for bioimaging. Both the TPA core and the redox-inactive Zn(II)-terpyridine core emit orange-red photoluminescence in polyZn, which is significantly quenched upon the oxidation of the film and is re-emitted at 0.0 V vs Ag/Ag+. This ON/OFF EFC transition was sustained for several cycles. This study should motivate to design and create distinctive new unique materials with combined EC/EFC behavior for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices by combining a metal-fluorescent core with a redox-active spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Susmita Roy
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yemineni S L V Narayana
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Li C, Zhen M, Wang K, Liu L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Fan X, Hou W, Xiong J. Temperature Sensors Integrated with an Electrochromic Readout toward Visual Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40772-40780. [PMID: 37594493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensors have attracted great attention for personal health care and disease diagnosis in recent years. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate reliable and highly sensitive temperature sensors that can convert physiological signals into easily readable signals in a convenient way. Herein, an integrated smart temperature sensor system based on a traditional temperature sensor and electrochromic display is proposed for real-time visual detection of temperature. Significantly, a voltage-regulated electrochromic device (ECD) based on tungsten oxide (WO3) and polyaniline (PANI) as the real-time visualization window was integrated into the platform to provide feedback on the temperature change. The ECD would change its color from green to blue based on the electrical signal of the temperature sensor, resulting in a visualized readout that can be monitored through our naked eye. Additionally, the smart temperature sensor system possesses an extremely durable property and cycle stability, remaining around 90% of the initial value even after 15,000 s continuous cycle. Thus, the novel design and low power consumption advantages make it a good candidate to pave the way for developing interactive wearable electronics and intelligent robots as real-time temperature feedback systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Mingshuo Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenyuan Hou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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17
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Wang T, Zhao Y, Yu B, Qin M, Wei Z, Li Q, Tang H, Yang H, Shen Z, Wang X, Gao J. All-Dielectric Gratings with High-Quality Structural Colors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2414. [PMID: 37686921 PMCID: PMC10490154 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-layer hafnium dioxide (HfO2) grating capable of full-color modulation in the visible spectrum by leveraging the magnetic dipole resonance induced by the lower-layer HfO2 grating, while the upper-layer HfO2 grating serves as a refractive index matching layer to effectively suppress high-order Mie resonances at shorter wavelengths. The HfO2/HfO2 grating exhibits a significantly larger distribution area in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram compared to the HfO2 grating. Furthermore, the structural color saturation closely approximates that of monochromatic light. Under varying background refractive index environments, this structure consistently exhibits high-quality structural color. However, the hue of the structural color undergoes alterations. When the polarization angle is below 20°, the saturation of the acquired structural color remains remarkably consistent. However, exceeding 20° results in a significant degradation in the quality of the structural color. This study demonstrates the promising potential for diverse applications, encompassing fields such as imaging and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Yuanhang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
- College of Da Heng, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Jilight Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Zhihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
- College of Da Heng, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Haolong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Haigui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Zhenfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (Z.S.); (X.W.); (J.G.)
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18
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Nuroldayeva G, Balanay MP. Flexing the Spectrum: Advancements and Prospects of Flexible Electrochromic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2924. [PMID: 37447568 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The application potential of flexible electrochromic materials for wearable devices, smart textiles, flexible displays, electronic paper, and implantable biomedical devices is enormous. These materials offer the advantages of conformability and mechanical robustness, making them highly desirable for these applications. In this review, we comprehensively examine the field of flexible electrochromic materials, covering topics such as synthesis methods, structure design, electrochromic mechanisms, and current applications. We also address the challenges associated with achieving flexibility in electrochromic materials and discuss strategies to overcome them. By shedding light on these challenges and proposing solutions, we aim to advance the development of flexible electrochromic materials. We also highlight recent advances in the field and present promising directions for future research. We intend to stimulate further innovation and development in this rapidly evolving field and encourage researchers to explore new opportunities and applications for flexible electrochromic materials. Through this review, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, design, mechanisms, and applications of flexible electrochromic materials. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals looking to harness the potential of these materials for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzat Nuroldayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Batteries LLC, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mannix P Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Chen M, Zhang X, Yan D, Deng J, Sun W, Li Z, Xiao Y, Ding Z, Zhao J, Li Y. Oxygen vacancy modulated amorphous tungsten oxide films for fast-switching and ultra-stable dual-band electrochromic energy storage smart windows. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2191-2203. [PMID: 36994625 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band electrochromic energy storage (DEES) windows, which are capable of selectively controlling visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) light transmittance, have attracted research attention as energy-saving devices that integrate electrochromic (EC) and energy storage functions. However, there are few EC materials with spectrally selective modulation. Herein, oxygen vacancy modulated amorphous tungsten oxide (a-WO3-x-OV) is firstly shown to be a potential material for DEES windows. Furthermore, experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that an oxygen vacancy not only enables the a-WO3-x-OV films to modulate NIR light transmittance selectively, but also enhances ion adsorption and diffusion in the a-WO3-x host to obtain excellent EC performance and a large energy storage capacity. Consequently, the a-WO3-x-OV film can selectively control VIS and NIR light transmittance with a state-of-the-art EC performance, including high optical modulation (91.8% and 80.3% at 633 and 1100 nm, respectively), an unprecedentedly fast switching speed (tb/tc = 4.1/5.3 s), high coloration efficiency (167.96 cm2 C-1), high specific capacitance (314 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1), and ultra-robust cycling stability (83.3% optical modulation retention after 8000 cycles). The fast-switching and ultra-stable dual-band EC properties with efficient energy recycling are also successfully demonstrated in a DEES prototype. The results demonstrate that the a-WO3-x-OV films show great potential for application in high-performance DEES smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Dukang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhai Sun
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Zitong Li
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Yingjun Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenmin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Li
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
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20
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Li Y, Sun P, Chen J, Zha X, Tang X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Cong S, Geng F, Zhao Z. Colorful Electrochromic Displays with High Visual Quality Based on Porous Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300116. [PMID: 36921294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of metamaterials into electrochromic (EC) displays has recently inspired a great breakthrough in the EC field, as this can offer a variety of new attractive features, from a very wide gamut of colors to very fast switching times. However, such metamaterial-based EC displays still face significant constraints when developing from single electrodes to full devices, because other supportive components in devices, such as counter electrodes and electrolytes, significantly affect light propagation and the subsequent perceived color quality in metamaterial-based EC devices. Herein, a new, cost-effective device design structured around a new type of porous metamaterial is reported to circumvent the critical problem in metamaterial-based EC displays. Owing to its unique design, the metamaterial-based EC device achieves good color quality with no drop in brightness or shift in color chromaticity when compared with a single electrode. Moreover, the porous-metamaterial-based EC device can exhibit non-iridescence and be viewed from a wide range of angles (5°-85°) and has fast switching response (2.4 and 2.5 s for coloration and bleaching, respectively), excellent cycling performance (at least 2000 cycles), and extremely low power consumption (4.0 mW cm-2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Li
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Zha
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Tang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Shan Cong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Geng
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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21
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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22
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Hu P, Hu P, Vu TD, Li M, Wang S, Ke Y, Zeng X, Mai L, Long Y. Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4353-4415. [PMID: 36972332 PMCID: PMC10141335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium oxides with multioxidation states and various crystalline structures offer unique electrical, optical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties, which could be manipulated for various applications. For the past 30 years, significant efforts have been made to study the fundamental science and explore the potential for vanadium oxide materials in ion batteries, water splitting, smart windows, supercapacitors, sensors, and so on. This review focuses on the most recent progress in synthesis methods and applications of some thermodynamically stable and metastable vanadium oxides, including but not limited to V2O3, V3O5, VO2, V3O7, V2O5, V2O2, V6O13, and V4O9. We begin with a tutorial on the phase diagram of the V-O system. The second part is a detailed review covering the crystal structure, the synthesis protocols, and the applications of each vanadium oxide, especially in batteries, catalysts, smart windows, and supercapacitors. We conclude with a brief perspective on how material and device improvements can address current deficiencies. This comprehensive review could accelerate the development of novel vanadium oxide structures in related applications.
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23
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Kim J, Shin D, Son M, Lee CS. High Optical Contrast of Quartet Dual-Band Electrochromic Device for Energy-Efficient Smart Window. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13249-13257. [PMID: 36867019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A quartet dual-band electrochromic device (ECD) was developed to selectively control the transmittance from the visible to near-infrared wavelengths for the application of an energy-efficient smart window. The new AgNO3+TBABr+LiClO4 (ATL)-based electrolyte was developed to independently control the redox reaction of lithium and silver ions to demonstrate the quartet mode of an ECD. A dual-band ECD with a sandwich structure was assembled using an ATL-based electrolyte, WO3 electrochromic layer, and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) ion storage layer. The employed WO3 and ATO films were fabricated using a nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS), a novel ecofriendly dry deposition method. Four modes, namely, transparent, warm, cool, and all-block modes, were demonstrated via an independent redox reaction of both lithium and silver ions through the simple control of the applied voltage. In the warm mode, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect was exploited by producing silver nanoparticles upon two-step voltage application. Furthermore, since the high surface roughness of the WO3 thin film fabricated by NPDS maximized the light scattering effect, 0% transmittance at all wavelengths was observed in the all-block mode. Dual-band ECD showed high optical contrasts of 73% and long-term durability over 1000 cycles with no degradation. Therefore, the possibility of controlling transmittance at the target wavelength was confirmed using a simple device with a simple process, suggesting a new strategy for the design of dual-band smart windows to reduce the energy consumption of buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Son
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Caroline Sunyong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zubritskaya I, Cichelero R, Faniayeu I, Martella D, Nocentini S, Rudquist P, Wiersma DS, Brongersma ML. Dynamically Tunable Optical Cavities with Embedded Nematic Liquid Crystalline Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209152. [PMID: 36683324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities that can dynamically control light enable novel sensing, imaging and display applications. However, the realization of dynamic cavities incorporating stimuli-responsive materials poses a significant engineering challenge. Current approaches rely on refractive index modulation and suffer from low dynamic tunability, high losses, and limited spectral ranges, and require liquid and hazardous materials for operation. To overcome these challenges, a new tuning mechanism employing reversible mechanical adaptations of a polymer network is proposed, and dynamic tuning of optical resonances is demonstrated. Solid-state temperature-responsive optical coatings are developed by preparing a monodomain nematic liquid crystalline network (LCN) and are incorporated between metallic mirrors to form active optical microcavities. LCN microcavities offer large, reversible and highly linear spectral tuning of FP resonances reaching wavelength-shifts up to 40 nm via thermomechanical actuation while featuring outstanding repeatability and precision over more than 100 heating-cooling cycles. This degree of tunability allows for reversible switching between the reflective and the absorbing states of the device over the entire visible and near-infrared spectral regions, reaching large changes in reflectance with modulation efficiency ΔR = 79%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zubritskaya
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Ihar Faniayeu
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Daniele Martella
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Sara Nocentini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Per Rudquist
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Diederik Sybolt Wiersma
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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25
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Hopmann E, Zhang W, Li H, Elezzabi AY. Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:637-657. [PMID: 36844468 PMCID: PMC9945060 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding electrochromic (EC) materials, such materials that change their color upon application of an electrochemical stimulus, has been conducted for centuries. However, most recently, increasing efforts have been put into developing novel solutions to utilize these on-off switching materials in advanced nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Due to the significant change in dielectric properties of oxides such as WO3, NiO, Mn2O3 and conducting polymers like PEDOT:PSS and PANI, EC materials have transcended beyond simple smart window applications and are now found in plasmonic devices for full-color displays and enhanced modulation transmission and photonic devices with ultra-high on-off ratios and sensing abilities. Advancements in nanophotonic ECDs have further decreased EC switching speed by several orders of magnitude, allowing integration in real-time measurement and lab-on-chip applications. The EC nature of such nanoscale devices promises low energy consumption with low operating voltages paired with bistability and long lifetimes. We summarize these novel approaches to EC device design, lay out the current short comings and draw a path forward for future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hopmann
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266273, China
| | - Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
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26
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Zhang B, Wang H, Luo J, Liu S, Tian Y. Anatase W-doped TiO2 Nanocrystals with improved Mg2+-excited electrochromic properties. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Tang Y, Xiao Y, Qiao H, Qi X. Enhanced Performance in Electrochromic Devices with High-contrast and Long-term Stability via Synergistic Effect of Cl-/NO3- Dual-anion Electrolyte. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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28
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Zhou W, Ou Y, Huang L, Song E, Ma F, Xia Z, Liang H, Zhang Q. Shining Transparent Displays with Stable Narrow-Band Blue-Emitting Phosphor in Layered Film. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206278. [PMID: 36200238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transparent displays (TDs) rendering "levitating" images on screen have appeared as an emerging technology toward augmented/mixed reality applications. However, the traditional phosphor design and screen construction have severely limited the TD performance owing to the lack of efficient narrow-band blue emitters and stable screen structure. Herein, the novel narrow-band (full width at half maximum: 32 nm) NaLi3 SiO4 :Eu2+ phosphor with a peak at 467 nm as a key blue emitter is explored, and it is sandwiched in layered film as a unique screen design. The devised screen features decent transparency, high emission color purity, and good reliability, and the TD prototype renders "floating" static images and vivid animation with broad viewing angle (15°-165°) and large color gamut (97% of National Television Standards Committee). Spectroscopic and microstructural characterizations reveal the TD superior performance originates from synergistic contributions of moderate crystal field effect (εc ≈ 1.13 eV; εcfs ≈ 1.60 eV), weak vibronic coupling (S ≈ 3; ħω ≈ 285 cm-1 ), and limited thermal ionization of 5d electrons (Ea ≈ 0.43 eV) for NaLi3 SiO4 :Eu2+ emission and layered architecture for screen film. These findings establish fundamental guidelines for narrow-band emitting materials design and shine light on superior TD innovative development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Enhai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Fengkai Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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29
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Abstract
![]()
With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhao W, Wang J, Tam B, Pei P, Li F, Xie A, Cheng W. Macroporous Vanadium Oxide Ion Storage Films Enable Fast Switching Speed and High Cycling Stability of Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30021-30028. [PMID: 35735221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the significant effort dedicated toward developing efficient electrochromic materials for the working electrodes of electrochromic (EC) devices, the attention paid to developing ion storage counter electrode materials for EC devices has been trivial. Herein, we report that a macroporous crystalline V2O5 film as an ion storage layer paired with a WO3 working electrode results in an EC device with high performance. The macroporous vanadium oxide films are prepared by a simple template-free photodeposition method that allows us to tune the thickness and crystallinity of the film, thus giving access to a full EC device with optimal EC performance: short response time of about 2 s, high electrochromic cycling stability up to 10,000 times, long memory effect over 24 h, and an exceedingly high coloration efficiency of 189 cm2/C that are superior to the state-of-the-art performance of solution-processed vanadium oxide based EC devices. The extraordinary EC performance can be attributed to the macroporous structure, high crystallinity, and optimized thickness of the vanadium oxide films that boost the charge-balancing capability of the films. The easy and controllable preparation and the efficient charge-balancing capability of the macroporous vanadium oxide film make it a promising ion storage material for developing high-performance EC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxi Zhao
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Brian Tam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Peng Pei
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fuzhong Li
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - An Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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31
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Han F, Wang T, Liu G, Liu H, Xie X, Wei Z, Li J, Jiang C, He Y, Xu F. Materials with Tunable Optical Properties for Wearable Epidermal Sensing in Health Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109055. [PMID: 35258117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in wearable epidermal sensors have revolutionized the way that physiological signals are captured and measured for health monitoring. One major challenge is to convert physiological signals to easily readable signals in a convenient way. One possibility for wearable epidermal sensors is based on visible readouts. There are a range of materials whose optical properties can be tuned by parameters such as temperature, pH, light, and electric fields. Herein, this review covers and highlights a set of materials with tunable optical properties and their integration into wearable epidermal sensors for health monitoring. Specifically, the recent progress, fabrication, and applications of these materials for wearable epidermal sensors are summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the next generation wearable devices are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tiansong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueyong Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Yuan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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32
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Liu X, Wang K, Sun Y, Yang H, Wang X, Wang T, Song N, Gao J. Multi-layered all-dielectric grating visible color filter with a narrow band and high-quality factor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22820-22829. [PMID: 36224973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed a double-layer all-dielectric grating. Under the premise of ensuring the strength of the resonance peak, the upper SiO2 grating layer suppresses the tendency of high-order dipole resonance excitation and improves the transmittance at the non-resonant position (T > 99%). The distribution of chromaticity coordinates on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram also proves that suppressing side peaks can effectively increase the saturation of structural colors, which is essential for a high precision imaging system. The cyclic displacement current excites the magnetic dipole resonance, which causes the magnetic field to be confined in the high refractive index material HfO2 grating layer. By adjusting the duty cycle of the grating structure, a reflection spectrum with low full width half maximum (FWHM) (∼2 nm) and high-quality factor Q (∼424.5 nm) can be obtained. And the spectral intensity is more sensitive to the polarization angle. This work is of great significance to the development of sensors, display imaging and other fields. At the same time, the material of the grating filter meets the requirements of high damage threshold of the high-power laser system, and its high-power laser application potential is inestimable.
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33
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Chromism-Integrated Sensors and Devices for Visual Indicators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114288. [PMID: 35684910 PMCID: PMC9185273 DOI: 10.3390/s22114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctionality of chromism-integrated sensors and devices has been highlighted because of their reversibility, fast response, and visual indication. For example, one of the representative chromism electrochromic materials exhibits optical modulation under ion insertion/extraction by applying a potential. This operation mechanism can be integrated with various sensors (pressure, strain, biomolecules, gas, etc.) and devices (energy conversion/storage systems) as visual indicators for user-friendly operation. In this review, recent advances in the field of chromism-integrated systems for visual indicators are categorized for various chromism-integrated sensors and devices. This review can provide insights for researchers working on chromism, sensors, or devices. The integrated chromic devices are evaluated in terms of coloration-bleach operation, cycling stability, and coloration efficiency. In addition, the existing challenges and prospects for chromism-integrated sensors and devices are summarized for further research.
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34
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Kim C, Lokhande V, Youn D, Ji T. Electrochromism in Hf-doped WO3. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Study of a Novel Electrochromic Device with Crystalline WO3 and Gel Electrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071430. [PMID: 35406303 PMCID: PMC9002927 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ECDs are coated with an electrochromic material on the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate. A novel electrochromic device (ECD), having a variable optical performance, was prepared by using tungsten foil as a substrate in this study. It was found that the WO3 discoloration layer, having a monoclinic phase crystalline structure made of 600 °C calcined, had optimum charge transmission performance with PADA gel polymer electrolyte. Ionic conductivity of PADA gel polymer electrolyte was 2.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at −20 °C, and it was possible to help Li+ to implement embedding and extraction from WO3 even in low-temperature conditions. The colored time (tc) and the bleached time (tb) of the electrochromic device were 15 s and 26 s, and it showed yellowish-brown in the colored state and navy blue in the bleached state. The ECD (WO3-600) exhibited good cycle stability reach at least 150 times.
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Li B, Dang J, Zhuang Q, Lv Z. Recent Advances in Inorganic Electrochromic Materials from Synthesis to Applications: Critical Review on Functional Chemistry and Structure Engineering. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200022. [PMID: 35191172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For the assembly of electrochromic devices (ECDs) generally with multilayer structures, supportive components usually are needed to be incorporated with EC materials. The reasonable project and development of ECDs will achieve broad expected applications. In this study, we reviewed several impressive methods to design and fabricate ECDs with high-performance and versatility based on recent frontier research. The first part of the review is centered on the desirability and strengthening mechanism of nanostructured inorganic EC materials. The second part illustrates the recent advances in transparent conductors. We then summarize the demands and means to modify the formation of electrolytes for practicable ECDs. Moreover, efforts to increase the compatibility with the EC layer and ion capacity are delineated. In the end, the application prospects of inorganic ECDs are further explored, which offers a guideline for the industrialization process of ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Li
- National Innovation Center of high speed train, National Innovation center of high speed train, CHINA
| | - Jie Dang
- Chongqing University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shapingba Strict 174, 400044, Chongqing, CHINA
| | - Qianyu Zhuang
- National innovation (Qingdao) high speed train material research institute Co. LTD, National innovation (Qingdao) high speed train material research insitute Co. LTD, CHINA
| | - Zepeng Lv
- Chongqing University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
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Dewan A, Sur S, Narayanan R, Ottakam Thotiyl M. MOF derived carbon embedded NiO for an alkaline Zn‐NiO electrochromic battery. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anweshi Dewan
- IISER P: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Physics INDIA
| | - Soumodip Sur
- IISER P: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | - Remya Narayanan
- University of Pune: Savitribai Phule Pune University Environmental Science INDIA
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- IISER Pune: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune Chemistry Pune 411008 Pune INDIA
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Li L, Zhang Q, He B, Pan R, Wang Z, Chen M, Wang Z, Yin K, Yao Y, Wei L, Sun L. Advanced Multifunctional Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries Design: From Materials and Devices to Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104327. [PMID: 34693565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional aqueous rechargeable batteries (MARBs) are regarded as safe, cost-effective, and scalable electrochemical energy storage devices, which offer additional functionalities that conventional batteries cannot achieve, which ideally leads to unprecedented applications. Although MARBs are among the most exciting and rapidly growing topics in scientific research and industrial development nowadays, a systematic summary of the evolution and advances in the field of MARBs is still not available. Therefore, the review presented comprehensively and systematically summarizes the design principles and the recent advances of MARBs by categories of smart ARBs and integrated systems, together with an analysis of their device design and configuration, electrochemical performance, and diverse smart functions. The two most promising strategies to construct novel MARBs may be A) the introduction of functional materials into ARB components, and B) integration of ARBs with other functional devices. The ongoing challenges and future perspectives in this research and development field are outlined to foster the future development of MARBs. Finally, the most important upcoming research directions in this rapidly developing field are highlighted that may be most promising to lead to the commercialization of MARBs and to a further broadening of their range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rui Pan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kuibo Yin
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yagang Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Wang JL, Sheng SZ, He Z, Wang R, Pan Z, Zhao HY, Liu JW, Yu SH. Self-Powered Flexible Electrochromic Smart Window. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9976-9982. [PMID: 34813332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices have attracted considerable interest for smart windows. However, current development suffers from the requirement of the external power sources and rigid ITO substrate, which not only causes additional energy consumption but also limits their applications in flexible devices. Inspired by galvanic cell, we demonstrate a self-powered flexible electrochromic device by integrating Ag/W18O49 nanowire film with the Al sheet. The Ag nanowire film first acted as the electrode to replace the ITO substrate, then coupled with the Al sheet to induce an open-circuit voltage of ∼0.83 V, which is high enough to drive the coloration of W18O49 nanowires. Remarkably, the flexible self-powered electrochromic device only expends ∼6.8 mg/cm2 of the Al sheet after 450 electrochromic switching cycles and the size can be easily expanded with an area of 20 × 20 cm2, offering significant potential applications for the next generation of flexible electrochromic smart window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Si-Zhe Sheng
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhao Pan
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Haizeng Li
- Institute of Frontier & Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - William W. Yu
- Institute of Frontier & Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada
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Liang Y, Cao S, Wei Q, Zeng R, Zhao J, Li H, Yu WW, Zou B. Reversible Zn 2+ Insertion in Tungsten Ion-Activated Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals for Electrochromic Windows. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:196. [PMID: 34523029 PMCID: PMC8440694 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs) are emerging as the next-generation energy-efficient transparent electronics. We report anatase W-doped TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) as a Zn2+ active electrochromic material. It demonstrates that the W doping in TiO2 highly reduces the Zn2+ intercalation energy, thus triggering the electrochromism. The prototype ZECDs based on W-doped TiO2 NCs deliver a high optical modulation (66% at 550 nm), fast spectral response times (9/2.7 s at 550 nm for coloration/bleaching), and good electrochemical stability (8.2% optical modulation loss after 1000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qilin Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruosheng Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizeng Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - William W Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, 71115, USA
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Fakharuddin A, Li H, Di Giacomo F, Zhang T, Gasparini N, Elezzabi AY, Mohanty A, Ramadoss A, Ling J, Soultati A, Tountas M, Schmidt‐Mende L, Argitis P, Jose R, Nazeeruddin MK, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Vasilopoulou M. Fiber‐Shaped Electronic Devices. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 11. [DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTextile electronics embedded in clothing represent an exciting new frontier for modern healthcare and communication systems. Fundamental to the development of these textile electronics is the development of the fibers forming the cloths into electronic devices. An electronic fiber must undergo diverse scrutiny for its selection for a multifunctional textile, viz., from the material selection to the device architecture, from the wearability to mechanical stresses, and from the environmental compatibility to the end‐use management. Herein, the performance requirements of fiber‐shaped electronics are reviewed considering the characteristics of single electronic fibers and their assemblies in smart clothing. Broadly, this article includes i) processing strategies of electronic fibers with required properties from precursor to material, ii) the state‐of‐art of current fiber‐shaped electronics emphasizing light‐emitting devices, solar cells, sensors, nanogenerators, supercapacitors storage, and chromatic devices, iii) mechanisms involved in the operation of the above devices, iv) limitations of the current materials and device manufacturing techniques to achieve the target performance, and v) the knowledge gap that must be minimized prior to their deployment. Lessons learned from this review with regard to the challenges and prospects for developing fiber‐shaped electronic components are presented as directions for future research on wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haizeng Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinarity Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE) Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome 00133 Italy
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London London W120BZ UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London London W120BZ UK
| | - Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Ankita Mohanty
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - JinKiong Ling
- Nanostructured Renewable Energy Material Laboratory Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Darul Makmur Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attica 15341 Greece
| | - Marinos Tountas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Estavromenos Heraklion Crete GR‐71410 Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attica 15341 Greece
| | - Rajan Jose
- Nanostructured Renewable Energy Material Laboratory Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Darul Makmur Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 Sion CH‐1951 Switzerland
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attica 15341 Greece
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Li KD, Chen PW, Chang KS. Low-Temperature Deposition of Transparent Conducting Films Applied to Flexible Electrochromic Devices. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174959. [PMID: 34501052 PMCID: PMC8433702 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we compare two different transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), namely indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), fabricated as transparent conducting films using processes that require different temperatures. ITO and IZTO films were prepared at 230 °C and at room temperature, respectively, on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using reactive magnetron sputtering. Electrochromic WO3 films deposited on ITO-based and IZTO-based ECDs using vacuum cathodic arc plasma (CAP) were investigated. IZTO-based ECDs have higher optical transmittance modulation, ΔT = 63% [from Tbleaching (90.01%) to Tcoloration (28.51%)], than ITO-based ECDs, ΔT = 59%. ECDs consisted of a working electrochromic electrode (WO3/IZTO/PET) and a counter-electrode (Pt mesh) in a 0.2 M LiClO4/perchlorate (LiClO4/PC) liquid electrolyte solution with an active area of 3 cm × 4 cm a calculated bleaching time tc of 21.01 s and a coloration time tb of 4.7 s with varying potential from −1.3 V (coloration potential, Vc) to 0.3 V (bleaching potential, Vb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ding Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (K.-D.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Division of Physics, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 32546, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Kao-Shuo Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (K.-D.L.); (K.-S.C.)
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Wu Q, Wang X, Sun P, Wang Z, Chen J, Chen Z, Song G, Liu C, Mu X, Cong S, Zhao Z. Electrochromic Metamaterials of Metal-Dielectric Stacks for Multicolor Displays with High Color Purity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6891-6897. [PMID: 34355916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic electrochromic (EC) materials with vibrant multicolor change that are compatible with large-scale processing have been at the forefront of EC technology and are crucial in a wide range of applications, such as displays and camouflage. However, limited strategies are available to realize such inorganic materials, and challenges such as low color purity are yet to be overcome. Here, we demonstrate multilayered metal-dielectric metamaterials (MMDMs) as a new family of inorganics-based EC materials to achieve dynamic alternation among multicolors with high contrast and high color purity, which are structurally realized by significantly enhancing the confinement of the incident light in specific optical frequencies. This multilayer structure renders high reflectivity (75%), high quality factor (7.4), and a full width at half-maximum of 60 nm before coloration and presents a color gamut at least 40% wider than that of previously reported metamaterials after coloration, indicating good color quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinyang Mu
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 330200 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 330200 Nanchang, China
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Santra DC, Mondal S, Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Ru(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer with Tetrakis( N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine for a Durable, Nonvolatile, and Electrochromic Device Driven at 0.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31153-31162. [PMID: 34176261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage operation, high durability, and long memory time are demanded for electrochromic (EC) display device applications. Metallo-supramolecular polymers (MSPs), composed of a metal ion and ditopic ligand, are one of the recently developed EC materials, and the ligand modification is expected to tune the redox potential of MSP. In order to lower the redox potential of MSP, tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine (LBip) was designed as an electronically rich ligand. Ru-based MSP (polyRu-LBip) was successfully synthesized by 1:1 complexation of RuCl2(DMSO)4 with LBip. The molecular weight (Mw) was high (8.8 × 106 Da) enough to provide a simple 1H NMR spectrum, of which the proton peaks could be assigned by the comparison with the spectrum of the corresponding mono-Ru complex. The redox potential (E1/2) between Ru(II/III) was 0.51 V versus Ag/Ag+, which was much lower than the redox potential of previously reported Ru-based MSP with bis(terpyridyl)benzene (0.95 V vs Ag/Ag+). The polymer film exhibited reversible, distinct color changes between violet and light green-yellow upon applying very low potentials of 0 and 0.6 V vs Ag/Ag+, respectively. The appearance and disappearance of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption by the electrochemical redox between Ru(II/III) were confirmed using in situ spectro-electrochemical measurement. A solid-state EC device with polyRu-LBip was revealed to have large optical contrast (ΔT 54%), fast response time (1.37 s for bleaching and 0.67 s for coloration), remarkable coloration efficiency (571 cm2/C), and high durability for the repeated color changes more than 20,000 cycles. The device also showed a long optical memory time of up to 19 h to maintain 40% to the initial contrast under the open circuit conditions. It is considered that the stabilization of the Ru(III) state by LBip suppressed the self-coloring to Ru(II) inside the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Lu Z, Zhong X, Liu X, Wang J, Diao X. Energy storage electrochromic devices in the era of intelligent automation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14126-14145. [PMID: 34164640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current intelligent automation society faces increasingly severe challenges in achieving efficient storage and utilization of energy. In the field of energy applications, various energy technologies need to be more intelligent and efficient to produce, store, transform and save energy. In addition, many smart electronic devices facing the future also require newer, lighter, thinner and even transparent multi-functional power supplies. The unique properties of electrochromic energy storage devices (ECESDs) have attracted widespread attention. In the field of energy applications, they have high potential value and competitiveness. This review focuses on the electrochromic basic principles, and the latest technological examples of ECESDs, which are related to materials and device structures. Simultaneously, this review makes a detailed comparison and summary of example performances. Moreover, the review compares the current mainstream energy storage devices: lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and the main challenges of ECESDs are discussed. Finally, the future development directions in the field of electrochromic energy storage are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Lu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhong
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Jinliang Wang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xungang Diao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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Hopmann E, Carnio BN, Firby CJ, Shahriar BY, Elezzabi AY. Nanoscale All-Solid-State Plasmochromic Waveguide Nonresonant Modulator. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1955-1961. [PMID: 33600179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmochromics, the interaction of plasmons with an electrochromic material, have spawned a new class of active plasmonic devices. By introducing electrochromic materials into the plasmon's dielectric environment, plasmons can be actively manipulated. We introduce inorganic WO3 and ion conducting LiNbO3 layers as the core materials in a solid-state plasmochromic waveguide (PCWG) to demonstrate light modulation in a nanoplasmonic waveguide. The PCWG takes advantage of the high plasmonic loss at the high field located at the WO3/Au interface, where the Li+ ions are intercalated into a thin WO3 plasmon modulating layer. Through careful PCWG design, the direction for ion diffusion and plasmon propagation are decoupled, leading to enhanced modulation depth and fast EC switching times. We show that at a bias voltage of 2.5 V, the fabricated PCWG modulator achieves modulation depths as high as 20 and 38 dB for 10 and 20 μm long devices, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hopmann
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Brett N Carnio
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Curtis J Firby
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Basem Y Shahriar
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
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Wang Y, Nie H, Han J, An Y, Zhang YM, Zhang SXA. Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:33. [PMID: 33550329 PMCID: PMC7867656 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The technological revolution of long-awaited energy-saving and vision-friendly displays represented by bistable display technology is coming. Here we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for implementing bistable displays in terms of molecular design, device structure, further expansion, and required criteria, hopefully benefiting the light-related community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Jinsong Han
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd, Heihe Power Supply Company, Heihe, 164300, China
| | - Yaxun An
- Jiaxing IrS Display Technology Co., Ltd, Jiashan, 314113, China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Li H, Zhang W, Elezzabi AY. Transparent Zinc-Mesh Electrodes for Solar-Charging Electrochromic Windows. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003574. [PMID: 32954551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Newly born zinc-anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs), incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions in a single transparent platform, represent the most promising technology for next-generation transparent electronics. As the existing ZECDs are limited by opaque zinc anodes, the key focus should be on the development of transparent zinc anodes. Here, the first demonstration of a flexible transparent zinc-mesh electrode is reported for a ZECD window that yields a remarkable electrochromic performance in an 80 cm2 device, including rapid switching times (3.6 and 2.5 s for the coloration and bleaching processes, respectively), a high optical contrast (67.2%), and an excellent coloration efficiency (131.5 cm2 C-1 ). It is also demonstrated that such ZECDs are perfectly suited for solar-charging smart windows as they inherently address the solar intermittency issue. These windows can be colored via solar charging during the day, and they can be bleached during the night by supplying electrical energy to electronic devices. The ZECD smart window platform can be scaled to a large area while retaining its excellent electrochromic characteristics. These findings represent a new technology for solar-charging windows and open new opportunities for the development of next-generation transparent batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizeng Li
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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Zhang S, Cao S, Zhang T, Lee JY. Plasmonic Oxygen-Deficient TiO 2-x Nanocrystals for Dual-Band Electrochromic Smart Windows with Efficient Energy Recycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004686. [PMID: 32954545 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band electrochromic smart windows capable of the spectrally selective modulation of visible (VIS) light and near-infrared (NIR) can regulate solar light and solar heat transmittance to reduce the building energy consumption. The development of these windows is however limited by the number of available dual-band electrochromic materials. Here, plasmonic oxygen-deficient TiO2-x nanocrystals (NCs) are discovered to be an effective single-component dual-band electrochromic material, and that oxygen-vacancy creation is more effective than aliovalent substitutional doping to introduce dual-band properties to TiO2 NCs. Oxygen vacancies not only confer good near-infrared (NIR)-selective modulation, but also improve the Li+ diffusion in the TiO2-x host, circumventing the disadvantage of aliovalent substitutional doping with ion diffusion. Consequently optimized TiO2-x NC films are able to modulate the NIR and visible light transmittance independently and effectively in three distinct modes with high optical modulation (95.5% at 633 nm and 90.5% at 1200 nm), fast switching speed, high bistability, and long cycle life. An impressive dual-band electrochromic performance is also demonstrated in prototype devices. The use of TiO2-x NCs enables the assembled windows to recycle a large fraction of energy consumed in the coloration process ("energy recycling") to reduce the energy consumption in a round-trip electrochromic operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Jim Yang Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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