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Shu F, Wang D, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Liu K, Zhao M, Wang X, Yao Z, Chen G, Chen J. Bulbil initiation: a comprehensive review on resources, development, and utilisation, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, advanced technologies, and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343222. [PMID: 38650701 PMCID: PMC11033377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bulbil is an important asexual reproductive structure of bulbil plants. It mainly grows in leaf axils, leaf forks, tubers and the upper and near ground ends of flower stems of plants. They play a significant role in the reproduction of numerous herbaceous plant species by serving as agents of plant propagation, energy reserves, and survival mechanisms in adverse environmental conditions. Despite extensive research on bulbil-plants regarding their resources, development mechanisms, and utilisation, a comprehensive review of bulbil is lacking, hindering progress in exploiting bulbil resources. This paper provides a systematic overview of bulbil research, including bulbil-plant resources, identification of development stages and maturity of bulbils, cellular and molecular mechanisms of bulbil development, factors influencing bulbil development, gene research related to bulbil development, multi-bulbil phenomenon and its significance, medicinal value of bulbils, breeding value of bulbils, and the application of plant tissue culture technology in bulbil production. The application value of the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) and Terahertz (THz) in bulbil breeding is also discussed, offering a comprehensive blueprint for further bulbil resource development. Additionally, additive, seven areas that require attention are proposed: (1) Utilization of modern network technologies, such as plant recognition apps or websites, to collect and identify bulbous plant resources efficiently and extensively; (2) Further research on cell and tissue structures that influence bulb cell development; (3) Investigation of the network regulatory relationship between genes, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics in bulbil development; (4) Exploration of the potential utilization value of multiple sprouts, including medicinal, ecological, and horticultural applications; (5) Innovation and optimization of the plant tissue culture system for bulbils; (6) Comprehensive application research of TIBS for large-scale expansion of bulbil production; (7) To find out the common share genetics between bulbils and flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of Institution of Health and Medicine, Bozhou, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Mengru Zhao
- Bozhou Xinghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yao
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shang B, Guo J, Tao S, Zhang N, Guo L, Qi P, Lin L, Liu W. Coupled air lasing gain and Mie scattering loss: an aerosol effect in filament-induced plasma spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:550-553. [PMID: 38300056 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser filament-induced plasma spectroscopy (FIPS) demonstrates great potential in remote sensing for identifying atmospheric pollutant molecules. Due to the widespread aerosols in the atmosphere, remote detection based on FIPS would be affected by both the excitation and the propagation of fingerprint fluorescence, which still remain elusive. Here the physical model of filament-induced aerosol fluorescence is established to reveal the combined effect of Mie scattering and amplification spontaneous emission, which is subsequently proven by experimental results, the dependence of the backward fluorescence on the interaction length between filaments and aerosols. These findings provide an insight into the complicated aerosol effect in the overall physical process of FIPS including propagation, excitation, and emission, paving the way to its practical application in atmospheric remote sensing.
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Wang D, Zheng J, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Chen J. Unveiling terahertz wave stress effects and mechanisms in Pinellia ternata: Challenges, insights, and future directions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14195. [PMID: 38332400 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate the intricate effects and mechanisms of terahertz (THz) wave stress on Pinellia ternata, providing valuable insights into plant responses. The primary objective is to highlight the imperative for future research dedicated to comprehending THz wave impacts across plant structures, with a specific focus on the molecular intricacies governing root system structure and function, from shoots to roots. Notably, this review highlights the accelerated plant growth induced by THz waves, especially in conjunction with other environmental stressors, and the subsequent alterations in cellular homeostasis, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids are explored for their dual role as toxic by-products of stress metabolism and vital signal transduction molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The paper further investigates the spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, including growth hormone, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA), which significantly influence the growth and development of P. ternata under THz wave stress. With a comprehensive review of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Brassinosteroid Insensitive (BRI) homeostasis and signalling under THz wave stress, the article elucidates the current understanding of BRI involvement in stress perception, stress signalling, and domestication response regulation. Additionally, it underscores the importance of spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of key plant hormones, such as growth hormone, cytokinin, and ABA, in determining root growth and development under THz wave stress. The study of how plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses holds fundamental biological significance, and enhancing plant stress tolerance is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the environmental burdens associated with low-tolerance crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Garriga Francis KJ, Zhang XC. Local measurement of terahertz field-induced second harmonic generation in plasma filaments. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38091154 PMCID: PMC10719236 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of Terahertz Field-Induced Second Harmonic (TFISH) Generation is revisited to introduce a single-shot detection scheme based on third order nonlinearities. Focused specifically on the further development of THz plasma-based sources, we begin our research by reimagining the TFISH system to serve as a direct plasma diagnostic. In this work, an optical probe beam is used to mix directly with the strong ponderomotive current associated with laser-induced ionization. A four-wave mixing (FWM) process then generates a strong second-harmonic optical wave because of the mixing of the probe beam with the nonlinear current components oscillating at THz frequencies. The observed conversion efficiency is high enough that for the first time, the TFISH signal appears visible to the human eye. We perform spectral, spatial, and temporal analysis on the detected second-harmonic frequency and show its direct relationship to the nonlinear current. Further, a method to detect incoherent and coherent THz inside plasma filaments is devised using spatio-temporal couplings. The single-shot detection configurations are theoretically described using a combination of expanded FWM models with Kostenbauder and Gaussian Q-matrices. We show that the retrieved temporal traces for THz radiation from single- and two-color laser-induced air-plasma sources match theoretical descriptions very well. High temporal resolution is shown with a detection bandwidth limited only by the spatial extent of the probe laser beam. Large detection bandwidth and temporal characterization is shown for THz radiation confined to under-dense plasma filaments induced by < 100 fs lasers below the relativistic intensity limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi-Cheng Zhang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Zhang Z, Zhang N, Wang Y, Xie B, Xiang Y, Guo J, Shang B, Guo L, Zhao X, Xie M, Lin L, Liu W. Detection of 1.4 μg/m 3 Na + in aerosol at a 30 m distance using 1 kHz femtosecond laser filamentation in air. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6464-6474. [PMID: 36823901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An optimized remote material detection scheme based on the laser filament-induced plasma spectroscopy and light detection and ranging (FIPS-LIDAR) is proposed in this work. The elemental composition and concentration of aerosol are measured by FIPS-LIDAR. By focusing the femtosecond laser with a large aperture (Φ41 cm) concave mirror and coaxial fluorescence collection scheme, the remote detection of aerosol in air at μg/m3 level has been realized at a distance of 30 m. The limit of detection for Na+ in aerosol droplets is 8 ppm (3 μg/m3 in air), which is the lowest detection limit that has been reported using millijoule femtosecond laser pulse (4.4 mJ). Furthermore, using spectral preprocessing and optimization of the proposed significance of peak (SOP) algorithm, feature peak signals are extracted from weak signals and the limit of detection can be further decreased to 1.4 μg/m3.
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Konda SR, Lin Y, Rajan RA, Yu W, Li W. Measurement of Optical Properties of CH 3NH 3PbX 3 (X = Br, I) Single Crystals Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020610. [PMID: 36676346 PMCID: PMC9866690 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic lead bromide and iodide perovskite single crystals (PSCs) are potential candidates for terahertz applications. Herein, we performed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the frequency range of 0.1-3.0 THz on different thicknesses of MAPbBr3 (0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 mm) and MAPbI3 (0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.3, and 2.3 mm). The measurements were carried out with respect to the position (along the focal area), azimuthal rotation of the PSCs, and incidence angles of the reference THz pulse on the PSCs' surface. Based on the transmitted THz pulses from PSCs from the above measurements, we calculated the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, dielectric constants, absorption coefficients, and dark conductivity. These optical parameters tend to increase with decreases in the PSCs' thicknesses. The transmission spectra of the terahertz electric field indicate that the measured optical properties do not vary significantly with the position and orientation of PSCs. The real parts of the refractive index and dielectric constants are higher than the imaginary values for both PSCs. On the other hand, a slight blueshift in the optical phonon vibrations corresponding to Pb-Br/I-Pb and Pb-Br/I bonds is observed with an increase in thickness. Interestingly, the phonon vibrations do not vary with the incidence angle of the THz pulses on the same crystal's surface. The optical parameters based on THz-TDS reveal that the PSCs satisfy the requirement for tunable THz devices which need suitable, sensitive, and stable absorption properties between 0.1 and 3 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weili Yu
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (W.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (W.Y.); (W.L.)
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Ke J, Jia L, Hu Y, Jiang X, Mo H, An X, Yuan W. Clinical and experimental study of a terahertz time-domain system for the determination of the pathological margins of laryngeal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:339. [PMID: 36224600 PMCID: PMC9554976 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Laryngeal cancer is a common malignancy in otorhinolaryngological head and neck surgery, accounting for approximately one-third of all head and neck malignancies. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has recently been found to be useful for the detection of tumors. This study was conducted to investigate the application of THz-TDS in the diagnosis of pathological resection margins of laryngeal cancer. Methods Fresh laryngeal cancer tissues from 10 patients with laryngeal cancer were extracted, and after simultaneous HE staining and terahertz imaging, the tumor area, paracancerous area, and normal tissue area of each laryngeal cancer tissue sample were located under a microscope according to the pathological results of HE staining. Results The shape contours of the tumor region revealed by terahertz imaging maps and HE staining were similar. In the terahertz spectrum in the frequency range of 0.5–1.9 THz, both the absorption coefficient and refractive index values followed the order tumor > para cancer > normal tissue, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01). When the terahertz frequency was 1.5 THz, the absorption coefficient of terahertz light waves by laryngeal cancer tissue and the percentage of nuclei showed an extremely high positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.971). In the frequency ranges of 0.5–1.2 THz and 1.6–1.9 THz, the absorption coefficients of the highly differentiated group were higher than those of the moderately differentiated group. In the frequency range of 1.2–1.6 THz, the results were reversed, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In the frequency range of 0.5–1.9 THz, the highly differentiated group had a higher refractive index than the moderately differentiated group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions THz-TDS can be used to determine the pathological margins of laryngeal cancer based on the absorption coefficient and refractive index, and the magnitudes of the absorption coefficient and refractive index are related to the percentage of nuclei. The degree of differentiation of laryngeal cancer tissue can be assessed by THz-TDS. The study shows that the terahertz time-domain system is promising for applications in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, especially for the more accurate identification of intraoperative margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifeng Jia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailan Mo
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Su Q, Xu Q, Guo L, Yu Z, Qi P, Kosavera O, Gong C. Interdigitated photoconductive antenna-based two-color femtosecond laser filamentation THz time-domain spectral detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18562-18570. [PMID: 36221655 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-color femtosecond (fs) laser filamentation in the gas medium is an effective way to generate broadband and high intensity terahertz (THz) pulse. The interdigitated photoconductive antenna (iPCA) has the advantages of both broadband detection and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is a very effective way to detect the THz pulse produced by two-color fs laser filamentation. The THz signal from two-color fs laser filamentation is comprehensively characterized by the iPCA, which achieves high SNR, high sensitivity, and polarization detection. This work provides a new idea for high power broadband THz coherent detection.
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Cai J, Shou YR, Han LQ, Huang RX, Wang YX, Song ZH, Geng YX, Yu JQ, Yan XQ. High efficiency and collimated terahertz pulse from ultra-short intense laser and cone target. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1658-1661. [PMID: 35363702 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, method to radiate a high-efficiency and collimated terahertz (THz) pulse from a relativistic femtosecond laser and cone target. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that a THz source of 40 mJ, pointing at an angle of ∼20 ∘, can be generated from a laser pulse of 1.9 J by using a cone target whose open angle is 10 ∘. The peak power of the THz pulse is 1011 W. This method, which manipulates the divergence angle and the energy conversion efficiency of the THz source, should promote THz science into the extra strong region with a compact laser system.
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Yang X, Li M, Peng Q, Huang J, Liu L, Li P, Shu C, Hu X, Fang J, Ye F, Zhu W. Label-free detection of living cervical cells based on microfluidic device with terahertz spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100241. [PMID: 34704671 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of cervical cancer is essential for a good prognosis. Terahertz wave detection technology is a nondestructive and label-free physical detection technology, which can detect and monitor the cancer cells in real time, especially for patients with deep or inaccessible tumors. In this study, a single-cell-layer microfluidic device was developed. After replacing the optical clearing agent, the characteristics of H8, HeLa and SiHa cell lines in adherent and suspended states were detected. Additionally, the absorption increased with increasing cell density. For the mixed suspension cell samples, principal component analysis-support vector machine method was used to identify benign and malignant cell component. After living cells formaldehyde, changes in cell membrane permeability were evaluated to identify the cell survival status (i.e., dead or living) based on terahertz spectroscopy amplitude differences. Therefore, extending the terahertz spectrum detection to the molecular level can characterize the life essence of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Maternal and Infant Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenggan Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jurong People's Hospital, Jurong, China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhou C, Xiong L, Zhou X, Li L, Yan Q. Transcriptome profiling of guinea pig skin exposed to a high-power terahertz source. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 63:29-36. [PMID: 34954859 PMCID: PMC9303439 DOI: 10.1002/em.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation has a wide range of applications including use in medicine. However, effects of high‐power THz radiation have not been clearly elucidated. We used a 2.52 THz self‐made optically pumped gas THz laser, the low‐ and high‐energy group, to irradiate the backs of Hartley guinea pigs. RNA‐sequencing was done to explore global transcriptional responses in the irradiated skin. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the unexposed and low‐energy exposed groups were associated with skin development, skin barrier establishment, and multicellular organismal water homeostasis or water loss regulation via the skin. On the other hand, comparison between the unexposed and high‐energy exposed groups showed that the DEGs mediated monocarboxylic acid metabolism, blood vessel morphogenesis, establishment of skin barrier, blood vessel development, or angiogenesis. Our analyses demonstrate the potential effects of high‐power THz source on the skin and sets the basis for further studies on the safety and application of the high‐power THz in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, China
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Speckle patterns formed by broadband terahertz radiation and their applications for ghost imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20071. [PMID: 34625600 PMCID: PMC8501141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Speckle patterns can be very promising for many applications due to their unique properties. This paper presents the possibility of numerically and experimentally formation of speckle patterns using broadband THz radiation. Strong dependence of the statistical parameters of speckles, such as size and sharpness on the parameters of the diffuser are demonstrated: the correlation length and the mean square deviation of the phase surface inhomogeneity. As the surface correlation length is increasing, the speckle size also increases and its sharpness goes down. Alternatively, the magnification of the standard deviation of the surface height leads to the speckle size diminishing and growth of the speckle sharpness. The dimensions of the experimentally formed speckles correspond to the results of numerical simulation. The possibility of utilizing formed speckle patterns for the implementation of the ghost imaging technique has been demonstrated by methods of numerical modeling.
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13
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Ko YH, Lee KJ, Das S, Gupta N, Magnusson R. Micro-electromechanical-system-tuned resonant filters spanning the 8-12 µm band. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1329-1332. [PMID: 33720179 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spectral band covering ∼8-12µm is atmospherically transparent and therefore important for terrestrial imaging, day/night situational awareness systems, and spectroscopic applications. There is a dearth of tunable filters spanning the band. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, tunable-filter method engaging the fundamental physics of the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect realized with a non-periodic lattice. The polarization-dependent filter is fashioned with a one-dimensional Ge grating on a ZnSe substrate and interrogated with a ∼1.5mm Gaussian beam to show clear transmittance nulls. To expand the tuning range, the device parameters are optimized for sequential operation in TM and TE polarization states. The theoretical model exhibits a tunable range exceeding 4 µm, thus covering the band fully. In the experiment, a prototype device exhibits a spectral range of 8.6-10.0 µm in TM and 9.9-11.7 µm in TE polarization or >3µm total. With additional efforts in fabrication, we expect to achieve the full range.
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