1
|
Barth I, Deckart M, Conteduca D, Arruda G, Hayran Z, Pasko S, Krotkus S, Heuken M, Monticone F, Krauss TF, Martins ER, Wang Y. Lasing from a Large-Area 2D Material Enabled by a Dual-Resonance Metasurface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12897-12904. [PMID: 38710615 PMCID: PMC11112975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained significant attention as a gain medium for nanolasers, owing to their unique ability to be easily placed and stacked on virtually any substrate. However, the atomically thin nature of the active material in existing TMD lasers and the limited size due to mechanical exfoliation presents a challenge, as their limited output power makes it difficult to distinguish between true laser operation and other "laser-like" phenomena. Here, we present room temperature lasing from a large-area tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer, grown by a wafer-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The monolayer is placed on a dual-resonance dielectric metasurface with a rectangular lattice designed to enhance both absorption and emission, resulting in an ultralow threshold operation (threshold well below 1 W/cm2). We provide a thorough study of the laser performance, paying special attention to directionality, output power, and spatial coherence. Notably, our lasers demonstrated a coherence length of over 30 μm, which is several times greater than what has been reported for 2D material lasers so far. Our realization of a single-mode laser from a CVD-grown monolayer presents exciting opportunities for integration and the development of real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barth
- School
of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Manuel Deckart
- School
of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Donato Conteduca
- School
of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Guilherme
S. Arruda
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo,
São, Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Zeki Hayran
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sergej Pasko
- AIXTRON
SE, Dornkaulstraße.
2, Herzogenrath 52134, Germany
| | | | - Michael Heuken
- AIXTRON
SE, Dornkaulstraße.
2, Herzogenrath 52134, Germany
| | - Francesco Monticone
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- School
of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo,
São, Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Yue Wang
- School
of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barth I, Conteduca D, Dong P, Wragg J, Sahoo PK, Arruda GS, Martins ER, Krauss TF. Phase noise matching in resonant metasurfaces for intrinsic sensing stability. OPTICA 2024; 11:354-361. [PMID: 38638165 PMCID: PMC11023067 DOI: 10.1364/optica.510524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interferometry offers a precise means of interrogating resonances in dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces, surpassing spectrometer-imposed resolution limits. However, interferometry implementations often face complexity or instability issues due to heightened sensitivity. Here, we address the necessity for noise compensation and tolerance by harnessing the inherent capabilities of photonic resonances. Our proposed solution, termed "resonant phase noise matching," employs optical referencing to align the phases of equally sensitive, orthogonal components of the same mode. This effectively mitigates drift and noise, facilitating the detection of subtle phase changes induced by a target analyte through spatially selective surface functionalization. Validation of this strategy using Fano resonances in a 2D photonic crystal slab showcases noteworthy phase stability (σ < 10 - 4 π ). With demonstrated label-free detection of low-molecular-weight proteins at clinically relevant concentrations, resonant phase noise matching presents itself as a potentially valuable strategy for advancing scalable, high-performance sensing technology beyond traditional laboratory settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barth
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Donato Conteduca
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pin Dong
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jasmine Wragg
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pankaj K. Sahoo
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guilherme S. Arruda
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- Sao Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barth I, Lee H. Phase-driven progress in nanophotonic biosensing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38494520 PMCID: PMC10944832 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In the continuous pursuit of enhancing the sensitivity of nanophotonic biosensors by leveraging phase phenomena, a recent development involved the engineering of an atomically thin Ge2Sb2Te5 layer on a silver nanofilm to generate large Goos-Hänchen-shifts associated with phase singularities. The resulting detection limit reached ~7 × 10-7 RIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barth
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Girerd T, Mandorlo F, Jamois C, Benyattou T, Ferrier L, Berguiga L. Optical sensing based on phase interrogation with a Young's interference hologram using a digital micromirror device. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3647-3659. [PMID: 38297581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We propose a new holographic interferometric technique of phase interrogation for nanophotonic sensors, allowing to reach low phase noise and fluctuation by using a digital micromirror device spatial light modulator. With the spatial light modulator, both beam shaping and phase shifting interferometry can be simultaneously managed, hence enabling the interrogation of nanophotonic devices with a common-path heterodyne Young's interference experiment. The efficiency of the technique is illustrated in the particular case of temperature sensing using Tamm plasmon photonic crystals. The hologram sensor allows to probe resonant structures with deep attenuation at resonance, such as resonant structures at critical coupling or with phase singularities.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu S, Jaffiol R, Crunteanu A, Vézy C, Chan ST, Yuan W, Ho HP, Zeng S. Label-free biosensing with singular-phase-enhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:2. [PMID: 38161210 PMCID: PMC10757996 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapid plasmonic biosensing has attracted wide attention in early disease diagnosis and molecular biology research. However, it was still challenging for conventional angle-interrogating plasmonic sensors to obtain higher sensitivity without secondary amplifying labels such as plasmonic nanoparticles. To address this issue, we developed a plasmonic biosensor based on the enhanced lateral position shift by phase singularity. Such singularity presents as a sudden phase retardation at the dark point of reflection from resonating plasmonic substrate, leading to a giant position shift on reflected beam. Herein, for the first time, the atomically thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) on silver nanofilm was demonstrated as a novel phase-response-enhancing plasmonic material. The GST layer was not only precisely engineered to singularize phase change but also served as a protective layer for active silver nanofilm. This new configuration has achieved a record-breaking largest position shift of 439.3 μm measured in calibration experiments with an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.72 × 108 nm RIU-1 (refractive index unit). The detection limit was determined to be 6.97 × 10-7 RIU with a 0.12 μm position resolution. Besides, a large figure of merit (FOM) of 4.54 × 1011 μm (RIU∙°)-1 was evaluated for such position shift interrogation, enabling the labelfree detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. In targeted biosensing experiments, the optimized sensor has successfully detected small cytokine biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-6) with the lowest concentration of 1 × 10-16 M. These two molecules are the key proinflammatory cancer markers in clinical diagnosis, which cannot be directly screened by current clinical techniques. To further validate the selectivity of our sensing systems, we also measured the affinity of integrin binding to arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide (a key protein interaction in cell adhesion) with different Mn2+ ion concentrations, ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Zhu
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodolphe Jaffiol
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Aurelian Crunteanu
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges, France
| | - Cyrille Vézy
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Sik-To Chan
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Joseph S, Rajpal S, Kar D, Devinder S, Pandey S, Mishra P, Joseph J. Guided mode resonance immunosensor for label-free detection of pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115695. [PMID: 37776624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Photonic biosensors are promising platforms for the rapid detection of pathogens with the potential to replace conventional diagnostics based on microbiological culturing methods. Intricately designed sensing elements with robust architectures can offer highly sensitive detection at minimal development cost enabling rapid adoption in low-resource settings. In this work, an optical detection scheme is developed by structuring guided mode resonance (GMR) on a highly stable, transparent silicon nitride (SiN) substrate and further biofunctionalized to identify a specific bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The resonance condition of the GMR chip is optimized to have relatively high bulk sensitivity with a good quality factor. The biofunctionalization aims at oriented immobilization of specific antibodies to allow maximum bacteria attachment and improved specificity. The sensitivity of the assays is evaluated for clinically relevant concentrations ranging from 102 to 108 CFU/mL. From the calibration curves, the sensitivity of the chip is extracted as 0.134nm/Log10 [concentration], and the detection modality possesses a favorably good limit of detection (LOD) 89 CFU/mL. The use of antibodies as a biorecognition element complemented with a good figure of merit of GMR sensing element allows selective bacteria identification compared to other non-specific pathogenic bacteria that are relevant for testing physiological samples. Our developed GMR biosensor is low-cost, easy to handle, and readily transformable into a portable handheld detection modality for remote usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereena Joseph
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Rajpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Debashree Kar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shital Devinder
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Cyber Physical System Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Joby Joseph
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Optics and Photonics Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kabashin AV, Kravets VG, Grigorenko AN. Label-free optical biosensing: going beyond the limits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6554-6585. [PMID: 37681251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensing holds great promise for a variety of applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental and food safety, and security. It is already used as a key tool in the investigation of biomolecular binding events and reaction constants in real time and offers further potential additional functionalities and low-cost designs. However, the sensitivity of this technology does not match the routinely used but expensive and slow labelling methods. Therefore, label-free optical biosensing remains predominantly a research tool. Here we discuss how one can go beyond the limits of detection provided by standard optical biosensing platforms and achieve a sensitivity of label-free biosensing that is superior to labelling methods. To this end we review newly emerging optical implementations that overcome current sensitivity barriers by employing novel structural architectures, artificial materials (metamaterials and hetero-metastructures) and using phase of light as a sensing parameter. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of plasmonic phase biosensing and review hyper-sensitive transducers, which can achieve detection limits at the single molecule level (less than 1 fg mm-2) and make it possible to detect analytes at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations than so far reported in literature. We finally discuss newly emerging layouts based on dielectric nanomaterials, bound states in continuum, and exceptional points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7341 CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy-case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bläsi J, Gerken M. Multiplex microdisk biosensor based on simultaneous intensity and phase detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4319-4333. [PMID: 36785403 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Future healthcare and precision medicine require multiplex and reliable biosensors. Here we present a compact photonic crystal based microdisk biosensor that is designed for simultaneous intensity and phase measurements of multiple biomarkers in parallel. The combination of two different measurement approaches has a range of advantages. Phase detection has higher signal to noise ratios, while intensity measurement helps to align the sensor to high phase sensitivities and increase the reliability. The performance of the microdisk biosensor system is examined by simulations and measurements. For proof of concept, parallel intensity and phase shifts are measured upon binding of human-alpha-thrombin and streptavidin.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu X, Huang S, Ma L, Ye H, Lin J, Cai X, Shang Q, Zheng C, Xu R, Zhang D. Recent advances in wearable medical diagnostic sensors and new therapeutic dosage forms for fever in children. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:115006. [PMID: 36007307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fever in children is one of the most common symptoms of pediatric diseases and the most common complaint in pediatric clinics, especially in the emergency department. Diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis are leading causes of death in children, and the early manifestations of these diseases are accompanied by fever symptoms. Accurate diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the status of febrile children, rapid and effective identification of the cause, and treatment can have a positive impact on relieving their symptoms and improving their quality of life. In recent years, wearable diagnostic sensors have attracted special attention for their high flexibility, real-time monitoring, and sensitivity. Temperature sensors and heart rate sensors have provided new advances in detecting children's body temperature and heart rate. Furthermore, some novel formulations have also received wide attention for addressing bottlenecks in medication administration for febrile children, such as difficulty in swallowing and inaccurate dosing. In this context, the present review provides recent advances of novel wearable medical sensor devices for diagnosing fever. Moreover, the application progress of innovative dosage forms of classical antipyretic drugs for children is presented. Finally, challenges and prospects of wearable sensor-based diagnostics and novel agent-based treatment of fever in children are discussed in brief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Shengjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Lele Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xinfu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pengzhou 611930, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, PR China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pengzhou 611930, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou J, Dong S, Wei Z, Zhang J, Deng X, Wang Z, Cheng X. Two-dimensional guided-mode resonance gratings with an etch-stop layer and high tolerance to fabrication errors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25907-25917. [PMID: 36237110 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Guided-mode resonance (GMR) bandpass filters have many important applications. The tolerance of fabrication errors that easily cause the transmission wavelength to shift has been well studied for one-dimensional (1D) anisotropic GMR gratings. However, the tolerance of two-dimensional (2D) GMR gratings, especially for different design architectures, has rarely been explored, which prevents the achievement of a high-tolerance unpolarized design. Here, GMR filters with common 2D zero-contrast gratings (ZCGs) were first investigated to reveal their differences from 1D gratings in fabrication tolerance. We demonstrated that 2D ZCGs are highly sensitive to errors in the grating linewidth against the case of 1D gratings, and the linewidth orthogonal to a certain polarization direction has much more influence than that parallel to the polarization. By analyzing the electromagnetic fields, we found that there was an obvious field enhancement inside the gratings, which could have a strong effect on the modes in the waveguide layer through the field overlap. Therefore, we proposed the introduction of an etch-stop (ES) layer between the gratings and the waveguide-layer, which can effectively suppress the interaction between the gratings and modal evanescent fields, resulting in 4-fold increased tolerance to the errors in the grating linewidth. Finally, the proposed etch-stop ZCGs (ES-ZCGs) GMR filters were experimentally fabricated to verify the error robustness.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kwon D. Light-based sensors set to revolutionize on-site testing. Nature 2022; 607:834-836. [PMID: 35879437 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-02043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Hedhly M, Wang Y, Zeng S, Ouerghi F, Zhou J, Humbert G. Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Waveguide Biosensor Based on Phase Singularity-Enhanced Goos-Hänchen Shift. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070457. [PMID: 35884260 PMCID: PMC9312834 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The detection for small molecules with low concentrations is known to be challenging for current chemical and biological sensors. In this work, we designed a highly sensitive plasmonic biosensor based on the symmetric metal cladding plasmonic waveguide (SMCW) structure for the detection of biomolecules. By precisely designing the configuration and tuning the thickness of the guiding layer, ultra-high order modes can be excited, which generates a steep phase change and a large position shift from the Goos−Hänchen effect (with respect to refractive index changes). This position shift is related to the sharpness of the optical phase change from the reflected signal of the SPR sensing substrate and can be directly measured by a position sensor. Based on our knowledge, this is the first experimental study done using this configuration. Experimental results showed a lateral position signal change > 90 µm for glycerol with a sensitivity figure-of-merit of 2.33 × 104 µm/RIU and more than 15 µm for 10−4 M biotin, which is a low molecular weight biomolecule (less than 400 Da) and difficult to be detected with traditional SPR sensing techniques. Through integrating the waveguide with a guiding layer, a strong improvement in the electric field, as well as sensitivity have been achieved. The lateral position shift has been further improved from 14.17 µm to 284 µm compared with conventional SPR substrate with 50 nm gold on single side. The as-reported sensing technique allows for the detection of ultra-small biological molecules and will play an important role in biomedical and clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Hedhly
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (G.H.)
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092-El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Yuye Wang
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (G.H.)
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (G.H.)
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Faouzi Ouerghi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092-El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, No. 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Georges Humbert
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Conteduca D, Arruda GS, Barth I, Wang Y, Krauss TF, Martins ER. Beyond Q: The Importance of the Resonance Amplitude for Photonic Sensors. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1757-1763. [PMID: 35607641 PMCID: PMC9121374 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resonant photonic sensors are enjoying much attention based on the worldwide drive toward personalized healthcare diagnostics and the need to better monitor the environment. Recent developments exploiting novel concepts such as metasurfaces, bound states in the continuum, and topological sensing have added to the interest in this topic. The drive toward increasingly higher quality (Q)-factors, combined with the requirement for low costs, makes it critical to understand the impact of realistic limitations such as losses on photonic sensors. Traditionally, it is assumed that the reduction in the Q-factor sufficiently accounts for the presence of loss. Here, we highlight that this assumption is overly simplistic, and we show that losses have a stronger impact on the resonance amplitude than on the Q-factor. We note that the effect of the resonance amplitude has been largely ignored in the literature, and there is no physical model clearly describing the relationship between the limit of detection (LOD), Q-factor, and resonance amplitude. We have, therefore, developed a novel, ab initio analytical model, where we derive the complete figure of merit for resonant photonic sensors and determine their LOD. In addition to highlighting the importance of the optical losses and the resonance amplitude, we show that, counter-intuitively, optimization of the LOD is not achieved by maximization of the Q-factor but by counterbalancing the Q-factor and amplitude. We validate the model experimentally, put it into context, and show that it is essential for applying novel sensing concepts in realistic scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Conteduca
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Guilherme S. Arruda
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Isabel Barth
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oguntoye IO, Simone BK, Padmanabha S, Hartfield GZ, Amrollahi P, Hu TY, Ollanik AJ, Escarra MD. Silicon Nanodisk Huygens Metasurfaces for Portable and Low-Cost Refractive Index and Biomarker Sensing. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3983-3991. [PMID: 35372799 PMCID: PMC8961735 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection and bulk refractive index sensing are important across multiple industries ranging from early medical diagnosis to chemical process quality control. The bulky size, high cost, and complex architecture of existing refractive index and biomarker sensing technologies limit their use to highly skilled environments like hospitals, large food processing plants, and research labs. Here, we demonstrate a compact and inexpensive refractive index sensor based on resonant dielectric photonic nanoantenna arrays or metasurfaces. These dielectric resonances support Mie dipole and asymmetric resonances that shift with changes in their external environment. A single-wavelength transmission measurement in a portable (<250 in.3), low-cost (<$4000) sensor shows sensitivity to 1.9 × 10-6 change in the fluid refractive index without the use of a spectrometer or other complex optics. Our sensor assembly allows for measurements using multiple metasurfaces with identical resonances or varying resonance types for enhanced diagnostics on the same chip. Furthermore, a 10 kDa culture filtrate peptide CFP-10, a marker for human tuberculosis, is detected with our sensor with 10 pM resolution. This system has the potential to enable facile, fast, and highly sensitive measurements with adequate limits of detection for personalized biomedical diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O. Oguntoye
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brittany K. Simone
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Siddharth Padmanabha
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - George Z. Hartfield
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Pouya Amrollahi
- Center
of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center
of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Adam J. Ollanik
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew D. Escarra
- Department
of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
High-Sensitivity Phase Detection of Reflection-Type Guided-Mode Resonance Sensor Based on Rotating Azimuth Angle Using a Heterodyne Interferometer. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity phase-detection system is proposed for a reflection-type guided-mode resonance (GMR) sensor, which achieves the resonance condition by rotating the azimuth angle and utilizes an electro-optic (EO) heterodyne interferometer. By rotating the GMR sensor azimuthally, the direction of the reflected light can be maintained in reflection-type detection, and the optical system can be compactly constructed because the light-tracking rotation stage is not required. The phase-detection sensitivity can be enhanced in this common-path EO heterodyne interferometer by rotating the analyzer in front of the photodetector; therefore, this system can achieve both a high sensitivity and low limit of detection. Numerical and experimental results of the reflectivity and phase response curves versus the azimuth angle were compared. The proposed system was used to perform gas sensing, and its detection sensitivity and limit were 3.73 × 104 deg/RIU and 2.68 × 10−7 RIU, respectively.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi X, Lv L, Wei D, Lee JJ, Niu M, Cui C, Guo Z. Detection of aflatoxin B 1 with a new label-free fluorescence aptasensor based on PVP-coated single-walled carbon nanohorns and SYBR Gold. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3087-3094. [PMID: 35118572 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel fluorescence label-free aptasensor to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by utilizing SYBR Gold, aptamer, and single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs). In the presence of AFB1, the conformation of AFB1-specific aptamer went through and the spatial structure of this specific aptamer was transformed accordingly. Due to the resistance of the transformed aptamer when adsorbed on the surface of SWCNHs, the protection of the fluorescence of SYBR Gold was accomplished. Consequently, concentrations of AFB1 showed a strong association with fluorescence intensity. The detection limit (LOD) of AFB1 was 1.89 ng/mL, while the linear range was 5-200 ng/mL and fluorescence intensity satisfactorily correlated (R2 = 0.9919) with the logarithm of AFB1 concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.,College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.,College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dongxu Wei
- Technology Center of Harbin Customs, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Mengyu Niu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Chengbi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China. .,College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Efficient Optical Sensing Based on Phase Shift of Waves Supported by a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196535. [PMID: 34640853 PMCID: PMC8512066 DOI: 10.3390/s21196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferometric methods of optical sensing based on the phase shift of the Bloch surface waves (BSWs) and guided waves (GWs) supported by a one-dimensional photonic crystal are presented. The photonic crystal, composed of six SiO2/TiO2 bilayers with a termination layer of TiO2, is employed in the Kretschmann configuration. Under resonance condition, an abrupt phase change is revealed, and the corresponding phase shift is measured by interferometric techniques applied in both the spectral and spatial domains. The spectral interferometric technique employing a birefringent quartz crystal is used to obtain interference of projections of p- and s-polarized light waves reflected from the photonic crystal. The phase shifts are retrieved by processing the spectral interferograms recorded for various values of relative humidity (RH) of air, giving the sensitivity to the RH as high as 0.029 rad/%RH and 0.012 rad/%RH for the BSW and GW, respectively. The spatial interferometric technique employs a Wollaston prism and an analyzer to generate an interference pattern, which is processed to retrieve the phase difference, and results are in good agreement with those obtained by sensing the phase shift in the spectral domain. In addition, from the derivative of the spectral phase shifts, the peak positions are obtained, and their changes with the RH give the sensitivities of 0.094 nm/%RH and 0.061 nm/%RH for the BSW and GW, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate an efficient optical sensing with a lot of applications in various research areas.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bläsi J, Gerken M. Multiplex optical biosensors based on multi-pinhole interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4265-4275. [PMID: 34457413 PMCID: PMC8367262 DOI: 10.1364/boe.426991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of new sensor technologies for frequent biomarker monitoring in combination with the leverage of artificial intelligence has great potential to improve the design and safety of health care. With current research efforts, the screening of tens of biomarkers at the point of care and immediate adjustment of therapy is coming within reach. Here we introduce an optical multiplexing approach based on multi-pinhole interference providing inherent differential referencing between a multitude of measurement fields on a surface. A theoretical study of an 11-plex and a 54-plex design is complemented with the experimental demonstration of the technique for a 3-field refractive index measurements and detection of human α-thrombin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kovacs B, Kraft FA, Szabo Z, Nazirizadeh Y, Gerken M, Horvath R. Near cut-off wavelength operation of resonant waveguide grating biosensors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13091. [PMID: 34158570 PMCID: PMC8219702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerical simulations and analytical calculations are performed to support the design of grating-coupled planar optical waveguides for biological sensing. Near cut-off and far from cut-off modes are investigated, and their characteristics and suitability for sensing are compared. The numerical simulations reveal the high sensitivity of the guided mode intensity near the cut-off wavelength for any refractive index change along the waveguide. Consequently, it is sufficient to monitor the intensity change of the near cut-off sensing mode, which leads to a simpler sensor design compared to those setups where the resonant wavelength shift of the guided mode is monitored with high precision. The operating wavelength and the sensitivity of the proposed device can be tuned by varying the geometrical parameters of the corrugated waveguide. These results may lead to the development of highly sensitive integrated sensors, which have a simple design and therefore are cost-effective for a wide range of applications. These numerical findings are supported with experimental results, where the cut-off sensing mode was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balint Kovacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary.
- Division of Medical Image Computing (MIC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabio Aldo Kraft
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Martina Gerken
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dielectric nanohole array metasurface for high-resolution near-field sensing and imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3293. [PMID: 34078903 PMCID: PMC8172834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces support resonances that are widely explored both for far-field wavefront shaping and for near-field sensing and imaging. Their design explores the interplay between localised and extended resonances, with a typical trade-off between Q-factor and light localisation; high Q-factors are desirable for refractive index sensing while localisation is desirable for imaging resolution. Here, we show that a dielectric metasurface consisting of a nanohole array in amorphous silicon provides a favourable trade-off between these requirements. We have designed and realised the metasurface to support two optical modes both with sharp Fano resonances that exhibit relatively high Q-factors and strong spatial confinement, thereby concurrently optimizing the device for both imaging and biochemical sensing. For the sensing application, we demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1 pg/ml for Immunoglobulin G (IgG); for resonant imaging, we demonstrate a spatial resolution below 1 µm and clearly resolve individual E. coli bacteria. The combined low LOD and high spatial resolution opens new opportunities for extending cellular studies into the realm of microbiology, e.g. for studying antimicrobial susceptibility. Dielectric metasurfaces have different Q-factor and light localisation requirements for sensing and imaging. Here, the authors present a dielectric metasurface, supporting two optical modes with sharp Fano resonances for high Q-factors and strong spatial confinement, allowing both sensing and imaging.
Collapse
|
22
|
Phase Measurement of Guided-Mode Resonance Device Using Digital Micromirror Device Gratings. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the measurement system of the phase difference between s- and p-polarization components of the light passing through a guided-mode resonance (GMR) device using a digital micromirror device (DMD) gratings as a digital phase-shifting device. The phase of the non-zeroth order diffraction beams of the grating pattern displayed on the DMD can exhibit a phase change when the grating pattern is shifted. Two nearest different diffraction orders of p-polarized and s-polarized beams can be used as the reference and measurement beams, respectively, and are combined to implement the phase-shifting interferometry (PSI). The phase difference between the s- and the p-polarization components of the incident light passing through the GMR device can be obtained by applying the four-step phase-shift algorithm to the DMD-based PSI system. Experimental results show that this measurement system has a phase detection limit of 1° and was able to obtain the abrupt phase difference curve of the GMR device versus the incident angle.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi X, Meng D, Qin Z, He Q, Sun S, Zhou L, Smith DR, Liu QH, Bourouina T, Liang Z. All-dielectric orthogonal doublet cylindrical metalens in long-wave infrared regions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3524-3532. [PMID: 33770949 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalens have been recently introduced to overcome shortcomings of traditional lenses and optical systems, such as large volume and complicated assembly. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we design an all-dielectric converging cylindrical metalens (CML) for working in long-wave infrared regions around 9 µm, which is made up of silicon-pillar on MgF2 dielectric layer. We further demonstrate the focusing effect of an orthogonal doublet cylindrical metalens (ODCM). Two CMLs are combined orthogonally and a circular focusing spot was demonstrated. This proves that within a certain size range, the focusing effect achieved by the ODCM is similar to that of a traditional circular metalens.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li K, Gupta R, Drayton A, Barth I, Conteduca D, Reardon C, Dholakia K, Krauss TF. Extended Kalman Filtering Projection Method to Reduce the 3σ Noise Value of Optical Biosensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3474-3482. [PMID: 33108735 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensors have experienced a rapid growth over the past decade because of their high sensitivity and the fact that they are label-free. Many optical biosensors rely on tracking the change in a resonance signal or an interference pattern caused by the change in refractive index that occurs upon binding to a target biomarker. The most commonly used method for tracking such a signal is based on fitting the data with an appropriate mathematical function, such as a harmonic function or a Fano, Gaussian, or Lorentz function. However, these functions have limited fitting efficiency because of the deformation of data from noise. Here, we introduce an extended Kalman filter projection (EKFP) method to address the problem of resonance tracking and demonstrate that it improves the tolerance to noise, reduces the 3σ noise value, and lowers the limit of detection (LOD). We utilize the method to process the data of experiments for detecting the binding of C-reactive protein in a urine matrix with a chirped guided mode resonance sensor and are able to improve the LOD from 10 to 1 pg/mL. Our method reduces the 3σ noise value of this measurement compared to a simple Fano fit from 1.303 to 0.015 pixels. These results demonstrate the significant advantage of the EKFP method to resolving noisy data of optical biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kezheng Li
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Roopam Gupta
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Andrews KY16 9TF, U.K
| | | | - Isabel Barth
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | | | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|