1
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Huang Y, Yao K, Zhang Q, Huang X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Yu X. Bioelectronics for electrical stimulation: materials, devices and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8632-8712. [PMID: 39132912 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics is a hot research topic, yet an important tool, as it facilitates the creation of advanced medical devices that interact with biological systems to effectively diagnose, monitor and treat a broad spectrum of health conditions. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a pivotal technique in bioelectronics, offering a precise, non-pharmacological means to modulate and control biological processes across molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. This method holds the potential to restore or enhance physiological functions compromised by diseases or injuries by integrating sophisticated electrical signals, device interfaces, and designs tailored to specific biological mechanisms. This review explains the mechanisms by which ES influences cellular behaviors, introduces the essential stimulation principles, discusses the performance requirements for optimal ES systems, and highlights the representative applications. From this review, we can realize the potential of ES based bioelectronics in therapy, regenerative medicine and rehabilitation engineering technologies, ranging from tissue engineering to neurological technologies, and the modulation of cardiovascular and cognitive functions. This review underscores the versatility of ES in various biomedical contexts and emphasizes the need to adapt to complex biological and clinical landscapes it addresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xue H, Zeng Y, Lu G, Fan H, Jiang L, Wu J. Lead-free dual-frequency ultrasound implants for wireless, biphasic deep brain stimulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4017. [PMID: 38740759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-driven bioelectronics could offer a wireless scheme with sustainable power supply; however, current ultrasound implantable systems present critical challenges in biocompatibility and harvesting performance related to lead/lead-free piezoelectric materials and devices. Here, we report a lead-free dual-frequency ultrasound implants for wireless, biphasic deep brain stimulation, which integrates two developed lead-free sandwich porous 1-3-type piezoelectric composite elements with enhanced harvesting performance in a flexible printed circuit board. The implant is ultrasonically powered through a portable external dual-frequency transducer and generates programmable biphasic stimulus pulses in clinically relevant frequencies. Furthermore, we demonstrate ultrasound-driven implants for long-term biosafety therapy in deep brain stimulation through an epileptic rodent model. With biocompatibility and improved electrical performance, the lead-free materials and devices presented here could provide a promising platform for developing implantable ultrasonic electronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyue Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushun Zeng
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Laiming Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiagang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Gutruf P. Monolithically Defined Wireless Fully Implantable Nervous System Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1275-1286. [PMID: 38608256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Evolution of implantable neural interfaces is critical in addressing the challenges in understanding the fundamental working principles and therapeutic applications for central and peripheral nervous systems. Traditional approaches utilizing hermetically sealed, rigid electronics and detached electrodes face challenges in power supply, encapsulation, channel count, dispersed application location, and modality. Employing thin-film, wirelessly powered devices is promising to expand capabilities. Devices that forego bulky power supplies, favoring a configuration where electronics are integrated directly onto thin films, reduce displacement volumes for seamless, fully implantable interfaces with high energy availability and soft mechanics to conform to the neuronal target. We discuss 3 device architectures: (1) Highly miniaturized devices that merge electronics and neural interfaces into a single, injectable format; (2) Interfaces that consolidate power, computation, and neural connectivity on a thin sheet applied directly to the target area; (3) A spatially dislocated approach where power and computation are situated subdermally, connected via a thin interconnect to the neural interface.Each has advantages and constraints in terms of implantation invasiveness, power capturing efficiency, and directional sensitivity of power delivery. In powering these devices, near-field power delivery emerges as the most implemented technique. Key parameters are size and volume of primary and secondary antennas, which determine coupling efficiency and power delivery. Based on application requirements, ranging from small to large animal models, subjects require system level designs. Material strategies play a crucial role; monolithic designs, with materials like polyimide substrates, enable scalability with high performance. This contrasts with established hermetic encapsulation approaches that use a stainless steel or titanium box with passthroughs that result in large tissue displacements and prohibit intimate integration with target organ systems. Encapsulation, particularly with parylene, enables longevity and effectiveness; more research is needed to enable human lifetime operation. Implant-to-ambient device communication, focusing on strategies compatible with well-established standards and off-the-shelf electronics, is discussed with the goal of enabling seamless system integration, reliability, and scalability. The interface with the central nervous system is explored through various wireless, battery-free devices capable of both stimulation (electrical and optogenetic) and recording (photometric and electrochemical). These devices show advanced capabilities for chronic studies and insights into neural dynamics. In the peripheral nervous system, stimulation devices for applications, such as spinal and muscle stimulation, are discussed. The challenges lie in the mechanical and electrochemical durability. Examples that successfully navigate these challenges offer solutions for chronic studies in this domain. The potential of wireless, fully implantable nervous system interfaces using near field resonant power transfer is characterized by monolithically defined device architecture, providing a significant leap toward seamless access to the central and peripheral nervous systems. New avenues for research and therapeutic applications supporting a multimodal and multisite approach to neuromodulation with a high degree of connectivity and a holistic approach toward deciphering and supplementing the nervous system may enable recovery and treatment of injury and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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4
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Benbuk A, Moniz-Garcia D, Gulick D, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Blain Christen J. A Wireless Battery-Free Implant With Optical Telemetry for In Vivo Cortical Stimulation. IEEE SENSORS LETTERS 2024; 8:6005204. [PMID: 38818033 PMCID: PMC11138248 DOI: 10.1109/lsens.2024.3387370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a 100 μm-thick, wireless, and battery-free implant for brain stimulation through a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved collagen dura substitute without contact with the brain's surface, while providing visible-light spectrum telemetry to track the onset of stimulation. The device is fabricated on a 16 × 6.67 mm2 biocompatible parylene/PDMS substrate and is encapsulated with a 2 μm-thick transparent parylene layer that enables the relay of the LED brightness. The in vivo rodent testing confirmed the implant's ability to trigger motor response while generating observable brightness through the skin. The results reveal the prospect of wireless stimulation with enhanced safety by eliminating contact between the implant and the brain, with optical telemetry for facilitated tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Benbuk
- Department of Electrical, Computer, Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Diogo Moniz-Garcia
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Daniel Gulick
- Department of Electrical, Computer, Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | | | - Jennifer Blain Christen
- Department of Electrical, Computer, Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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Huo J, Zhang L, Luo X, Rao Y, Cao P, Hou X, He J, Mu J, Geng W, Cui H, Cheng R, Chou X. Motor Behavior Regulation of Rat Robots Using Integrated Electrodes Stimulated by Micro-Nervous System. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:587. [PMID: 38793158 PMCID: PMC11123150 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
As a cutting-edge technology, animal robots based on living organisms are being extensively studied, with potential for diverse applications in the fields of neuroscience, national security, and civil rescue. However, it remains a significant challenge to reliably control the animal robots with the objective of protecting their long-term survival, and this has seriously hindered their practical implementation. To address this issue, this work explored the use of a bio-friendly neurostimulation system that includes integrated stimulation electrodes together with a remote wireless stimulation circuit to control the moving behavior of rat robots. The integrated electrodes were implanted simultaneously in four stimulation sites, including the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field (S1BF). The control system was able to provide flexibility in adjusting the following four stimulation parameters: waveform, amplitude, frequency, and duration time. The optimized parameters facilitated the successful control of the rat's locomotion, including forward movement and left and right turns. After training for a few cycles, the rat robots could be guided along a designated route to complete the given mission in a maze. Moreover, it was found that the rat robots could survive for more than 20 days with the control system implanted. These findings will ensure the sustained and reliable operation of the rat robots, laying a robust foundation for advances in animal robot regulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Huo
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiangyu Luo
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yongkang Rao
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Peili Cao
- Fifth Clinical Medical School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jian He
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jiliang Mu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenping Geng
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiujian Chou
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Ling W, Shang X, Yu C, Li C, Xu K, Feng L, Wei Y, Tang T, Huang X. Miniaturized Implantable Fluorescence Probes Integrated with Metal-Organic Frameworks for Deep Brain Dopamine Sensing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10596-10608. [PMID: 38557034 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Continuously monitoring neurotransmitter dynamics can offer profound insights into neural mechanisms and the etiology of neurological diseases. Here, we present a miniaturized implantable fluorescence probe integrated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for deep brain dopamine sensing. The probe is assembled from physically thinned light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and phototransistors, along with functional surface coatings, resulting in a total thickness of 120 μm. A fluorescent MOF that specifically binds dopamine is introduced, enabling a highly sensitive dopamine measurement with a detection limit of 79.9 nM. A compact wireless circuit weighing only 0.85 g is also developed and interfaced with the probe, which was later applied to continuously monitor real-time dopamine levels during deep brain stimulation in rats, providing critical information on neurotransmitter dynamics. Cytotoxicity tests and immunofluorescence analysis further suggest a favorable biocompatibility of the probe for implantable applications. This work presents fundamental principles and techniques for integrating fluorescent MOFs and flexible electronics for brain-computer interfaces and may provide more customized platforms for applications in neuroscience, disease tracing, and smart diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue Shang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chaonan Yu
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kedi Xu
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linqing Feng
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yina Wei
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xian Huang
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314006, China
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7
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Woods JE, Singer AL, Alrashdan F, Tan W, Tan C, Sheth SA, Sheth SA, Robinson JT. Miniature battery-free epidural cortical stimulators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0858. [PMID: 38608028 PMCID: PMC11014439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce the invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable bioelectronic devices are made smaller, it becomes difficult to store enough power for long-term operation in batteries. Here, we present a battery-free epidural cortical stimulator that is only 9 millimeters in width yet can safely receive enough wireless power using magnetoelectric antennas to deliver 14.5-volt stimulation bursts, which enables it to stimulate cortical activity on-demand through the dura. The device has digitally programmable stimulation output and centimeter-scale alignment tolerances when powered by an external transmitter. We demonstrate that this device has enough power and reliability for real-world operation by showing acute motor cortex activation in human patients and reliable chronic motor cortex activation for 30 days in a porcine model. This platform opens the possibility of simple surgical procedures for precise neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Woods
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Amanda L. Singer
- Motif Neurotech, 2450 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77021, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Fatima Alrashdan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Wendy Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sunil A. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacob T. Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Motif Neurotech, 2450 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77021, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Kwon YW, Ahn DB, Park YG, Kim E, Lee DH, Kim SW, Lee KH, Kim WY, Hong YM, Koh CS, Jung HH, Chang JW, Lee SY, Park JU. Power-integrated, wireless neural recording systems on the cranium using a direct printing method for deep-brain analysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3784. [PMID: 38569040 PMCID: PMC10990281 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional power-integrated wireless neural recording devices suffer from bulky, rigid batteries in head-mounted configurations, hindering the precise interpretation of the subject's natural behaviors. These power sources also pose risks of material leakage and overheating. We present the direct printing of a power-integrated wireless neural recording system that seamlessly conforms to the cranium. A quasi-solid-state Zn-ion microbattery was 3D-printed as a built-in power source geometrically synchronized to the shape of a mouse skull. Soft deep-brain neural probes, interconnections, and auxiliary electronics were also printed using liquid metals on the cranium with high resolutions. In vivo studies using mice demonstrated the reliability and biocompatibility of this wireless neural recording system, enabling the monitoring of neural activities across extensive brain regions without notable heat generation. This all-printed neural interface system revolutionizes brain research, providing bio-conformable, customizable configurations for improved data quality and naturalistic experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - David B. Ahn
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Hyung Lee
- Ulsan Advanced Energy Technology R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Su Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Conde SV, Sacramento JF, Zinno C, Mazzoni A, Micera S, Guarino MP. Bioelectronic modulation of carotid sinus nerve to treat type 2 diabetes: current knowledge and future perspectives. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1378473. [PMID: 38646610 PMCID: PMC11026613 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1378473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine are an emerging class of treatments aiming to modulate body nervous activity to correct pathological conditions and restore health. Recently, it was shown that the high frequency electrical neuromodulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), a small branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve that connects the carotid body (CB) to the brain, restores metabolic function in type 2 diabetes (T2D) animal models highlighting its potential as a new therapeutic modality to treat metabolic diseases in humans. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge supporting the use of neuromodulation of the CSN to treat T2D and discuss the future perspectives for its clinical application. Firstly, we review in a concise manner the role of CB chemoreceptors and of CSN in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Secondly, we describe the findings supporting the potential therapeutic use of the neuromodulation of CSN to treat T2D, as well as the feasibility and reversibility of this approach. A third section is devoted to point up the advances in the neural decoding of CSN activity, in particular in metabolic disease states, that will allow the development of closed-loop approaches to deliver personalized and adjustable treatments with minimal side effects. And finally, we discuss the findings supporting the assessment of CB activity in metabolic disease patients to screen the individuals that will benefit therapeutically from this bioelectronic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia V. Conde
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F. Sacramento
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ciro Zinno
- The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Maria P. Guarino
- ciTechCare, School of Health Sciences Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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10
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Benbuk A, Gulick D, Moniz-Garcia D, Liu S, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Christen JB. Wireless Stimulation of Motor Cortex Through a Collagen Dura Substitute Using an Ultra-Thin Implant Fabricated on Parylene/PDMS. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2024; 18:334-346. [PMID: 37910421 PMCID: PMC11080957 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3329447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication, and in vivo testing of an ultra-thin (100 μm) wireless and battery-free implant for stimulation of the brain's cortex. The implant is fabricated on a flexible and transparent parylene/PDMS substrate, and it is miniaturized to dimensions of 15.6 × 6.6 mm 2. The frequency and pulse width of the monophasic voltage pulses are determined through On-Off keying (OOK) modulation of a wireless transmission at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the implant triggered a motor response in vivo when tested in 6 rodents. Limb response was observed by wireless stimulation of the brain's motor cortex through an FDA-approved collagen dura substitute that was placed on the dura in the craniotomy site, with no direct contact between the implant's electrodes and the brain's cortical surface. Therefore, the wireless stimulation method reported herein enables the concept of an e-dura substitute, where wireless electronics can be integrated onto a conventional dura substitute to augment its therapeutic function and administer any desired stimulation protocol without the need for post-surgical intervention for battery replacement or reprogramming stimulation parameters.
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11
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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12
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Jia Q, Liu Y, Lv S, Wang Y, Jiao P, Xu W, Xu Z, Wang M, Cai X. Wireless closed-loop deep brain stimulation using microelectrode array probes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38423536 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), including optical stimulation and electrical stimulation, has been demonstrated considerable value in exploring pathological brain activity and developing treatments for neural disorders. Advances in DBS microsystems based on implantable microelectrode array (MEA) probes have opened up new opportunities for closed-loop DBS (CL-DBS) in situ. This technology can be used to detect damaged brain circuits and test the therapeutic potential for modulating the output of these circuits in a variety of diseases simultaneously. Despite the success and rapid utilization of MEA probe-based CL-DBS microsystems, key challenges, including excessive wired communication, need to be urgently resolved. In this review, we considered recent advances in MEA probe-based wireless CL-DBS microsystems and outlined the major issues and promising prospects in this field. This technology has the potential to offer novel therapeutic options for psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. ,
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ,
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13
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Narayanan RP, Khaleghi A, Veletić M, Balasingham I. Multiphysics simulation of magnetoelectric micro core-shells for wireless cellular stimulation therapy via magnetic temporal interference. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297114. [PMID: 38271467 PMCID: PMC10834063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative approach to wireless cellular stimulation therapy through the design of a magnetoelectric (ME) microdevice. Traditional electrophysiological stimulation techniques for neural and deep brain stimulation face limitations due to their reliance on electronics, electrode arrays, or the complexity of magnetic induction. In contrast, the proposed ME microdevice offers a self-contained, controllable, battery-free, and electronics-free alternative, holding promise for targeted precise stimulation of biological cells and tissues. The designed microdevice integrates core shell ME materials with remote coils which applies magnetic temporal interference (MTI) signals, leading to the generation of a bipolar local electric stimulation current operating at low frequencies which is suitable for precise stimulation. The nonlinear property of the magnetostrictive core enables the demodulation of remotely applied high-frequency electromagnetic fields, resulting in a localized, tunable, and manipulatable electric potential on the piezoelectric shell surface. This potential, triggers electrical spikes in neural cells, facilitating stimulation. Rigorous computational simulations support this concept, highlighting a significantly high ME coupling factor generation of 550 V/m·Oe. The high ME coupling is primarily attributed to the operation of the device in its mechanical resonance modes. This achievement is the result of a carefully designed core shell structure operating at the MTI resonance frequencies, coupled with an optimal magnetic bias, and predetermined piezo shell thickness. These findings underscore the potential of the engineered ME core shell as a candidate for wireless and minimally invasive cellular stimulation therapy, characterized by high resolution and precision. These results open new avenues for injectable material structures capable of delivering effective cellular stimulation therapy, carrying implications across neuroscience medical devices, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasadh Narayanan
- Institute of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Institute of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mladen Veletić
- Institute of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ilangko Balasingham
- Institute of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Burton A, Wang Z, Song D, Tran S, Hanna J, Ahmad D, Bakall J, Clausen D, Anderson J, Peralta R, Sandepudi K, Benedetto A, Yang E, Basrai D, Miller LE, Tresch MC, Gutruf P. Fully implanted battery-free high power platform for chronic spinal and muscular functional electrical stimulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7887. [PMID: 38036552 PMCID: PMC10689769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular system holds promise for both scientific and therapeutic biomedical applications. Supplying and maintaining the power necessary to drive stimulation chronically is a fundamental challenge in these applications, especially when high voltages or currents are required. Wireless systems, in which energy is supplied through near field power transfer, could eliminate complications caused by battery packs or external connections, but currently do not provide the harvested power and voltages required for applications such as muscle stimulation. Here, we introduce a passive resonator optimized power transfer design that overcomes these limitations, enabling voltage compliances of ± 20 V and power over 300 mW at device volumes of 0.2 cm2, thereby improving power transfer 500% over previous systems. We show that this improved performance enables multichannel, biphasic, current-controlled operation at clinically relevant voltage and current ranges with digital control and telemetry in freely behaving animals. Preliminary chronic results indicate that implanted devices remain operational over 6 weeks in both intact and spinal cord injured rats and are capable of producing fine control of spinal and muscle stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sam Tran
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dhrubo Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jakob Bakall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Roberto Peralta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kirtana Sandepudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alex Benedetto
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Diya Basrai
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lee E Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew C Tresch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Bio5 Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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15
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Ouyang W, Lu W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Kim JU, Shen H, Wu Y, Luan H, Kilner K, Lee SP, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Wegener AJ, Moreno JA, Xie Z, Wu Y, Won SM, Kwon K, Wu C, Bai W, Guo H, Liu TL, Bai H, Monti G, Zhu J, Madhvapathy SR, Trueb J, Stanslaski M, Higbee-Dempsey EM, Stepien I, Ghoreishi-Haack N, Haney CR, Kim TI, Huang Y, Ghaffari R, Banks AR, Jhou TC, Good CH, Rogers JA. A wireless and battery-less implant for multimodal closed-loop neuromodulation in small animals. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1252-1269. [PMID: 37106153 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fully implantable wireless systems for the recording and modulation of neural circuits that do not require physical tethers or batteries allow for studies that demand the use of unconstrained and freely behaving animals in isolation or in social groups. Moreover, feedback-control algorithms that can be executed within such devices without the need for remote computing eliminate virtual tethers and any associated latencies. Here we report a wireless and battery-less technology of this type, implanted subdermally along the back of freely moving small animals, for the autonomous recording of electroencephalograms, electromyograms and body temperature, and for closed-loop neuromodulation via optogenetics and pharmacology. The device incorporates a system-on-a-chip with Bluetooth Low Energy for data transmission and a compressed deep-learning module for autonomous operation, that offers neurorecording capabilities matching those of gold-standard wired systems. We also show the use of the implant in studies of sleep-wake regulation and for the programmable closed-loop pharmacological suppression of epileptic seizures via feedback from electroencephalography. The technology can support a broader range of applications in neuroscience and in biomedical research with small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haixu Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yunyun Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Neurolux Inc., Northfield, IL, USA
| | - Yinsheng Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Amy J Wegener
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Justin A Moreno
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- SURVICE Engineering, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsheng Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hexia Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tzu-Li Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hedan Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Giuditta Monti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jason Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Surabhi R Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Trueb
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Iwona Stepien
- Developmental Therapeutics Core, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Chad R Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Neurolux Inc., Northfield, IL, USA
| | - Anthony R Banks
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Neurolux Inc., Northfield, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Jhou
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Cameron H Good
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Neurolux Inc., Northfield, IL, USA.
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou P, Zou Y, Yang J, Haick H, Wang Y. Soft Bioelectronics for Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17634-17667. [PMID: 37677154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics play an increasingly crucial role in high-precision therapeutics due to their softness, biocompatibility, clinical accuracy, long-term stability, and patient-friendliness. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest representative therapeutic applications of advanced soft bioelectronics, ranging from wearable therapeutics for skin wounds, diabetes, ophthalmic diseases, muscle disorders, and other diseases to implantable therapeutics against complex diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, neurological diseases, and others. We also highlight key challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation and commercialization of soft therapeutic bioelectronics toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhongtai Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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17
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Lee JH, Jang TM, Shin JW, Lim BH, Rajaram K, Han WB, Ko GJ, Yang SM, Han S, Kim DJ, Kang H, Lim JH, Lee KS, Park E, Hwang SW. Wireless, Fully Implantable and Expandable Electronic System for Bidirectional Electrical Neuromodulation of the Urinary Bladder. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8511-8520. [PMID: 37070621 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Current standard clinical options for patients with detrusor underactivity (DUA) or underactive bladder─the inability to release urine naturally─include the use of medications, voiding techniques, and intermittent catheterization, for which the patient inserts a tube directly into the urethra to eliminate urine. Although those are life-saving techniques, there are still unfavorable side effects, including urinary tract infection (UTI), urethritis, irritation, and discomfort. Here, we report a wireless, fully implantable, and expandable electronic complex that enables elaborate management of abnormal bladder function via seamless integrations with the urinary bladder. Such electronics can not only record multiple physiological parameters simultaneously but also provide direct electrical stimulation based on a feedback control system. Uniform distribution of multiple stimulation electrodes via mesh-type geometry realizes low-impedance characteristics, which improves voiding/urination efficiency at the desired times. In vivo evaluations using live, free-moving animal models demonstrate system-level functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hee Lim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaveti Rajaram
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkeun Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Je Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseok Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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18
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Habibagahi I, Jang J, Babakhani A. Miniaturized Wirelessly Powered and Controlled Implants for Multisite Stimulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 2023; 71:1911-1922. [PMID: 38645708 PMCID: PMC11031205 DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2022.3233368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a miniaturized implant with a diameter of only 14 mm, which houses a novel System on Chip (SoC) enabling two voltage level stimulation of up to 16 implants using a single Tx coil. Each implant can operate at a distance of 80 mm in the air through the inductive resonant link. The SoC consumes only 27 μW static power and enables two channels with stimulation amplitudes of 1.8 V and 3.3 V and timing resolution of 100 μs. The SoC is implemented in the standard 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and has an area of 0.75 mm × 1.6 mm. The SoC comprises an RF rectifier, low drop-out regulator (LDO), error detection block, clock data recovery, finite state machine (FSM), and output stage. Each implant has a PCB-defined passcode, which enables the individual addressability of the implants for synchronized therapies. The implantable device weighs only 80 mg and sizes 20.1 mm3. Tolerance of up to 70° to angular misalignment was measured at a distance of 50 mm. The efficacy of bilateral stimulation was further verified by implanting two devices on two sides of a pig's neck and performing bilateral vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), while monitoring the heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Habibagahi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jaeeun Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Aydin Babakhani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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19
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Stuart T, Jeang WJ, Slivicki RA, Brown BJ, Burton A, Brings VE, Alarcón-Segovia LC, Agyare P, Ruiz S, Tyree A, Pruitt L, Madhvapathy S, Niemiec M, Zhuang J, Krishnan S, Copits BA, Rogers JA, Gereau RW, Samineni VK, Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P. Wireless, Battery-Free Implants for Electrochemical Catecholamine Sensing and Optogenetic Stimulation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:561-574. [PMID: 36548126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators mediate communication between neurons and other cell types; knowledge of release dynamics is critical to understanding their physiological role in normal and pathological brain function. Investigation into transient neurotransmitter dynamics has largely been hindered due to electrical and material requirements for electrochemical stimulation and recording. Current systems require complex electronics for biasing and amplification and rely on materials that offer limited sensor selectivity and sensitivity. These restrictions result in bulky, tethered, or battery-powered systems impacting behavior and that require constant care of subjects. To overcome these challenges, we demonstrate a fully implantable, wireless, and battery-free platform that enables optogenetic stimulation and electrochemical recording of catecholamine dynamics in real time. The device is nearly 1/10th the size of previously reported examples and includes a probe that relies on a multilayer electrode architecture featuring a microscale light emitting diode (μ-LED) and a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensor with sensitivities among the highest recorded in the literature (1264.1 nA μM-1 cm-2). High sensitivity of the probe combined with a center tapped antenna design enables the realization of miniaturized, low power circuits suitable for subdermal implantation even in small animal models such as mice. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments highlight the sensitivity and selectivity of the platform and demonstrate its capabilities in freely moving, untethered subjects. Specifically, a demonstration of changes in dopamine concentration after optogenetic stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and real-time readout of dopamine levels after opioid and naloxone exposure in freely behaving subjects highlight the experimental paradigms enabled by the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victoria E Brings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lilian C Alarcón-Segovia
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Prophecy Agyare
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Savanna Ruiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Amanda Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lindsay Pruitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Surabhi Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Martin Niemiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - James Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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20
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Zhou Y, Gu C, Liang J, Zhang B, Yang H, Zhou Z, Li M, Sun L, Tao TH, Wei X. A silk-based self-adaptive flexible opto-electro neural probe. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 36389054 PMCID: PMC9643444 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of optogenetics and electrophysiological recording enables high-precision bidirectional interactions between neural interfaces and neural circuits, which provides a promising approach for the study of progressive neurophysiological phenomena. Opto-electrophysiological neural probes with sufficient flexibility and biocompatibility are desirable to match the low mechanical stiffness of brain tissue for chronic reliable performance. However, lack of rigidity poses challenges for the accurate implantation of flexible neural probes with less invasiveness. Herein, we report a hybrid probe (Silk-Optrode) consisting of a silk protein optical fiber and multiple flexible microelectrode arrays. The Silk-Optrode can be accurately inserted into the brain and perform synchronized optogenetic stimulation and multichannel recording in freely behaving animals. Silk plays an important role due to its high transparency, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical controllability. Through the hydration of the silk optical fiber, the Silk-Optrode probe enables itself to actively adapt to the environment after implantation and reduce its own mechanical stiffness to implant into the brain with high fidelity while maintaining mechanical compliance with the surrounding tissue. The probes with 128 recording channels can detect high-yield well-isolated single units while performing intracranial light stimulation with low optical losses, surpassing previous work of a similar type. Two months of post-surgery results suggested that as-reported Silk-Optrode probes exhibit better implant-neural interfaces with less immunoreactive glial responses and tissue lesions. A silk optical fiber-based Silk-Optrode probe consisting of a natural silk optical fiber and a flexible micro/nano electrode array is reported. The multifunctional soft probe can modify its own Young's modulus through hydration to achieve accurate implantation into the brain. The low optical loss and single-unit recording abilities allow simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and multichannel readout, which expands the applications in the operation and parsing of neural circuits in behavioral animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Chi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jizhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Liuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
| | - Tiger H. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 200031 Shanghai, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
- Neuroxess Co., Ltd. (Jiangxi), 330029 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, 519031 Zhuhai, Guangdong China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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21
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Ausra J, Madrid M, Yin RT, Hanna J, Arnott S, Brennan JA, Peralta R, Clausen D, Bakall JA, Efimov IR, Gutruf P. Wireless, fully implantable cardiac stimulation and recording with on-device computation for closed-loop pacing and defibrillation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7469. [PMID: 36288311 PMCID: PMC9604544 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and control of cardiac function are critical for investigation of cardiovascular pathophysiology and developing life-saving therapies. However, chronic stimulation of the heart in freely moving small animal subjects, which offer a variety of genotypes and phenotypes, is currently difficult. Specifically, real-time control of cardiac function with high spatial and temporal resolution is currently not possible. Here, we introduce a wireless battery-free device with on-board computation for real-time cardiac control with multisite stimulation enabling optogenetic modulation of the entire rodent heart. Seamless integration of the biointerface with the heart is enabled by machine learning-guided design of ultrathin arrays. Long-term pacing, recording, and on-board computation are demonstrated in freely moving animals. This device class enables new heart failure models and offers a platform to test real-time therapeutic paradigms over chronic time scales by providing means to control cardiac function continuously over the lifetime of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jokubas Ausra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Micah Madrid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rose T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Suzanne Arnott
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Roberto Peralta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jakob A. Bakall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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22
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Sang M, Kim K, Shin J, Yu KJ. Ultra-Thin Flexible Encapsulating Materials for Soft Bio-Integrated Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202980. [PMID: 36031395 PMCID: PMC9596833 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bioelectronic devices extensively researched and developed through the convergence of flexible biocompatible materials and electronics design that enables more precise diagnostics and therapeutics in human health care and opens up the potential to expand into various fields, such as clinical medicine and biomedical research. To establish an accurate and stable bidirectional bio-interface, protection against the external environment and high mechanical deformation is essential for wearable bioelectronic devices. In the case of implantable bioelectronics, special encapsulation materials and optimized mechanical designs and configurations that provide electronic stability and functionality are required for accommodating various organ properties, lifespans, and functions in the biofluid environment. Here, this study introduces recent developments of ultra-thin encapsulations with novel materials that can preserve or even improve the electrical performance of wearable and implantable bio-integrated electronics by supporting safety and stability for protection from destruction and contamination as well as optimizing the use of bioelectronic systems in physiological environments. In addition, a summary of the materials, methods, and characteristics of the most widely used encapsulation technologies is introduced, thereby providing a strategic selection of appropriate choices of recently developed flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Sang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubeen Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoon Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
- YU‐KIST InstituteYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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23
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Teixidor J, Novello S, Ortiz D, Menin L, Lashuel HA, Bertsch A, Renaud P. On-Demand Nanoliter Sampling Probe for the Collection of Brain Fluid. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10415-10426. [PMID: 35786947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuous fluidic sampling systems allow collection of brain biomarkers in vivo. Here, we propose a new sequential and intermittent sampling paradigm using droplets, called Droplet on Demand (DoD). It is implemented in a microfabricated neural probe and alternates phases of analyte removal from the tissue and phases of equilibration of the concentration in the tissue. It allows sampling droplets loaded with molecules from the brain extracellular fluid punctually, without the long transient equilibration periods typical of continuous methods. It uses an accurately defined fluidic sequence with controlled timings, volumes, and flow rates, and correct operation is verified by the embedded electrodes and a flow sensor. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the application of this novel approach in vitro and in vivo, to collect glucose in the brain of mice, with a temporal resolution of 1-2 min and without transient regime. Absolute quantification of the glucose level in the samples was performed by direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (nanoESI-FTMS). By adjusting the diffusion time and the perfusion volume of DoD, the fraction of molecules recovered in the samples can be tuned to mirror the tissue concentration at accurate points in time. Moreover, this makes quantification of biomarkers in the brain possible within acute experiments of only 20-120 min. DoD provides a complementary tool to continuous microdialysis and push-pull sampling probes. Thus, the advances allowed by DoD will benefit quantitative molecular studies in the brain, i.e., for molecules involved in volume transmission or for protein aggregates that form in neurodegenerative diseases over long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teixidor
- Microsystems Laboratory 4 (STI-IEM-LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Novello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration (SV-BMI-LMNN), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Mass Spectrometry and Elemental Analysis Platform (SB-ISIC-MSEAP), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Mass Spectrometry and Elemental Analysis Platform (SB-ISIC-MSEAP), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration (SV-BMI-LMNN), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bertsch
- Microsystems Laboratory 4 (STI-IEM-LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory 4 (STI-IEM-LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Habibagahi I, Omidbeigi M, Hadaya J, Lyu H, Jang J, Ardell JL, Bari AA, Babakhani A. Vagus nerve stimulation using a miniaturized wirelessly powered stimulator in pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8184. [PMID: 35581302 PMCID: PMC9114380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of peripheral nerves has been clinically used for a wide range of indications. Wireless and batteryless stimulators offer important capabilities such as no need for reoperation, and extended life compared to their wired counterparts. However, there are challenging trade-offs between the device size and its operating range, which can limit their use. This study aimed to examine the functionality of newly designed wirelessly powered and controlled implants in vagus nerve stimulation for pigs. The implant used near field inductive coupling at 13.56 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical band to harvest power from an external coil. The circular implant had a diameter of 13 mm and weighed 483 mg with cuff electrodes. The efficiency of the inductive link and robustness to distance and misalignment were optimized. As a result, the specific absorption rate was orders of magnitude lower than the safety limit, and the stimulation can be performed using only 0.1 W of external power. For the first time, wireless and batteryless VNS with more than 5 cm operation range was demonstrated in pigs. A total of 84 vagus nerve stimulations (10 s each) have been performed in three adult pigs. In a quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of VNS devices, the efficiency of systems on reducing heart rate was similar in both conventional (75%) and wireless (78.5%) systems. The pulse width and frequency of the stimulation were swept on both systems, and the response for physiological markers was drawn. The results were easily reproducible, and methods used in this study can serve as a basis for future wirelessly powered implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Habibagahi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Omidbeigi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongming Lyu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaeeun Jang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ausaf A Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydin Babakhani
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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25
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Zhao Z, Spyropoulos GD, Cea C, Gelinas JN, Khodagholy D. Ionic communication for implantable bioelectronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7851. [PMID: 35385298 PMCID: PMC8985921 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Implanted bioelectronic devices require data transmission through tissue, but ionic conductivity and inhomogeneity of this medium complicate conventional communication approaches. Here, we introduce ionic communication (IC) that uses ions to effectively propagate megahertz-range signals. We demonstrate that IC operates by generating and sensing electrical potential energy within polarizable media. IC was tuned to transmit across a range of biologically relevant tissue depths. The radius of propagation was controlled to enable multiline parallel communication, and it did not interfere with concurrent use of other bioelectronics. We created a fully implantable IC-based neural interface device that acquired and noninvasively transmitted neurophysiologic data from freely moving rodents over a period of weeks with stability sufficient for isolation of action potentials from individual neurons. IC is a biologically based data communication that establishes long-term, high-fidelity interactions across intact tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Claudia Cea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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26
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Fang K, Mei H, Song Y, Wang Z, Dai Z. 动物机器人:研究基础、关键技术及发展预测. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Nikić M, Opančar A, Hartmann F, Migliaccio L, Jakešová M, Głowacki ED, Đerek V. Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:245302. [PMID: 35226885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device's bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant-all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device-an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible micropyramid-shaped foil was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon moulds containing arrays of inverted micropyramids, followed by a peel-off procedure. The capacitive current delivered by the devices showed a strong dependency on the underlying spatial structure. The device performance was evaluated by numerical modelling. We propose that the developed numerical model can be used as a basis for the design of future functional 3D design of opto-bioelectronic devices and electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nikić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Opančar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Florian Hartmann
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, A-4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, A-4040, Austria
| | - Ludovico Migliaccio
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Đerek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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