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Somogyi S, Kilencz T, Szőcs K, Klein I, Balogh L, Molnár R, Bálint S, Pulay AJ, Nemoda Z, Baradits M, Réthelyi JM. Differential neurocognitive profiles in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes revealed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1741-1758. [PMID: 37979007 PMCID: PMC11422285 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) represents a heterogeneous entity incorporating different subgroups in terms of symptomatology, course, and neurocognition. Although neurocognitive dysfunction is generally associated with aADHD, its severity, association with self-reported symptoms, and differences between subtypes remain unclear. We investigated 61 outpatients (65.6% male, mean age 31.5 ± 9.5) diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria together with age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 58, 63.8% male, mean age 32.3 ± 9.6). Neurocognitive alterations were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and compared between groups using the generalized linear model (GLM) method. Multivariate effects were tested by principal component analysis combined with multivariate pattern analysis. Self-reported symptom severity was tested for correlations with neurocognitive performance. GLM analyses revealed nominally significant differences between the aADHD and HC groups in several domains, however, only the Rapid Visual Information Processing measures survived correction, indicating impaired sustained attention and response inhibition in the aADHD group. Comparison of the predominantly inattentive and the hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes yielded nominally significant differences with higher levels of dysfunction in the inattentive group. In the stepwise discriminant analysis aADHD and HC groups were best separated with 2 factors representing sustained attention and reaction time. We found only weak correlations between symptom severity and CANTAB factors. aADHD patients are neuropsychologically heterogeneous and subtypes show different neurocognitive profiles. Differences between the aADHD and HC groups were driven primarily by the inattentive subtype. Sustained attention and its factor derivative showed the most significant alterations in aADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Somogyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kilencz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Katalin Szőcs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Izabella Klein
- Molecular Psychiatry and In Vitro Disease Modeling Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lívia Balogh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Molnár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Sára Bálint
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Attila J Pulay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Molecular Psychiatry and In Vitro Disease Modeling Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Baradits
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
- Molecular Psychiatry and In Vitro Disease Modeling Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Delaney J, Nathani S, Tan V, Chavez C, Orr A, Paek J, Faraji M, Setlow B, Urs NM. Enhanced cognitive flexibility and phasic striatal dopamine dynamics in a mouse model of low striatal tonic dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1600-1608. [PMID: 38698264 PMCID: PMC11319590 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The catecholamine neuromodulators dopamine and norepinephrine are implicated in motor function, motivation, and cognition. Although roles for striatal dopamine in these aspects of behavior are well established, the specific roles for cortical catecholamines in regulating striatal dopamine dynamics and behavior are less clear. We recently showed that elevating cortical dopamine but not norepinephrine suppresses hyperactivity in dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) mice, which have elevated striatal dopamine levels. In contrast, norepinephrine transporter knockout (NET-KO) mice have a phenotype distinct from DAT-KO mice, as they show elevated extracellular cortical catecholamines but reduced baseline striatal dopamine levels. Here we evaluated the consequences of altered catecholamine levels in NET-KO mice on cognitive flexibility and striatal dopamine dynamics. In a probabilistic reversal learning task, NET-KO mice showed enhanced reversal learning, which was consistent with larger phasic dopamine transients (dLight) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during reward delivery and reward omission, compared to WT controls. Selective depletion of dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) norepinephrine in WT mice did not alter performance on the reversal learning task but reduced nestlet shredding. Surprisingly, NET-KO mice did not show altered breakpoints in a progressive ratio task, suggesting intact food motivation. Collectively, these studies show novel roles of cortical catecholamines in the regulation of tonic and phasic striatal dopamine dynamics and cognitive flexibility, updating our current views on dopamine regulation and informing future therapeutic strategies to counter multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sanya Nathani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Victor Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carson Chavez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Orr
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joon Paek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mojdeh Faraji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Ramírez V, González-Palacios P, González-Domenech PJ, Jaimez-Pérez S, Baca MA, Rodrigo L, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Monteagudo C, Martínez-González LJ, Rivas A. Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Cognitive Function According to Dietary Exposure to Bisphenols in a Sample of Spanish Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2024; 16:2639. [PMID: 39203776 PMCID: PMC11357571 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like intellectual disability (ID) are highly heritable, but the environment plays an important role. For example, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues, have been termed neuroendocrine disruptors. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) on cognitive function in Spanish schoolchildren according to dietary bisphenol exposure. METHODS A total of 102 children aged 6-12 years old were included. Ten SNPs in genes involved in brain development, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission (BDNF, NTRK2, HTR2A, MTHFR, OXTR, SLC6A2, and SNAP25) were genotyped. Then, dietary exposure to bisphenols (BPA plus BPS) was estimated and cognitive functions were assessed using the WISC-V Spanish form. RESULTS BDNF rs11030101-T and SNAP25 rs363039-A allele carriers scored better on the fluid reasoning domain, except for those inheriting the BDNF rs6265-A allele, who had lower scores. Secondly, relevant SNP-bisphenol interactions existed in verbal comprehension (NTRK2 rs10868235 (p-int = 0.043)), working memory (HTR2A rs7997012 (p-int = 0.002), MTHFR rs1801133 (p-int = 0.026), and OXTR rs53576 (p-int = 0.030)) and fluid reasoning (SLC6A2 rs998424 (p-int = 0.004)). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first proof that exploring the synergistic or additive effects between genetic variability and bisphenol exposure on cognitive function could lead to a better understanding of the multifactorial and polygenic aetiology of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.R.); (P.G.-P.); (A.R.)
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada—Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “Jose Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Palacios
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.R.); (P.G.-P.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada—Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.R.); (P.G.-P.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martínez-González
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada—Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.R.); (P.G.-P.); (A.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “Jose Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Shen F, Zhou H. Advances in the etiology and neuroimaging of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400468. [PMID: 38915870 PMCID: PMC11194347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause extensive damage to children's academic, occupational, and social skills. This review will present current advancements in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including genetics, environmental factors, epigenetics, and neuroimaging features. Simultaneously, we will discuss the highlights of promising directions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Yang Y, Chen D, Cai K, Zhu L, Shi Y, Dong X, Sun Z, Qiao Z, Yang Y, Zhang W, Mao H, Chen A. Effects of mini-basketball training program on social communication impairments and regional homogeneity of brain functions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38659073 PMCID: PMC11040976 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social communication impairments (SCI) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is marked by challenges in social interaction. Although physical exercise has been shown to improve SCI, this finding has not been supported by comprehensive scientific evidence. Existing research has established a strong link between the SCI in children with ASD and abnormalities in regional homogeneity (ReHo). Therefore, investigating the effects of physical exercise on SCI and Reho in patients with ASD may help to elucidate the neurological mechanisms involved. METHODS The present study included 30 preschool children diagnosed with ASD, with 15 participants in each group (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) based on routine behavioral rehabilitation, while the control group only received routine behavioral rehabilitation. The Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) was employed to assess SCI in both groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technology was used to evaluate ReHo in both groups. RESULTS After 12-week of MBTP, significant group × time interactions were observed between the experimental and control groups in total SRS-2 scores (F = 14.514, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.341), as well as in the domains of social cognition (F = 15.620, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.358), social communication (F = 12.460, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.308), and autistic mannerisms (F = 9.970, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.263). No statistical difference was found in the scores for the social awareness subscale and social motivation subscale in the group × time interaction (all p > 0.05). The experimental group exhibited increased ReHo in the right Cerebellum_Crus1 and right parahippocampal gyrus, coupled with decreased ReHo in the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), left superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral), left postcentral gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus. Furthermore, a decrease in ReHo in the left postcentral gyrus positively correlated with changes in social communication scores in SCI behaviors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the effectiveness of a 12-week MBTP in ameliorating SCI and abnormalities in ReHo among preschool children with ASD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024973; August 5, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Yang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weike Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyong Mao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Su S, Zhao J, Dai Y, Lin L, Zhou Q, Yan Z, Qian L, Cui W, Liu M, Zhang H, Yang Z, Chen Y. Altered neurovascular coupling in the children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comprehensive fMRI analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1081-1091. [PMID: 37222790 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals reflects the mechanism of neurovascular coupling (NVC), which have not been illustrated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fifty ADHD and 42 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls (TDs) were enrolled. The NVC imaging metrics were investigated by exploring the Pearson correlation coefficients between CBF and BOLD-derived quantitative maps (ALFF, fALFF, DCP maps). Three types of NVC metrics (CBF-ALFF, CBF-fALFF, CBF-DCP coupling) were compared between ADHD and TDs group, and the inner association between altered NVC metrics and clinical variables in ADHD group was further analyzed. Compared to TDs, ADHD showed significantly reduced whole-brain CBF-ALFF coupling (P < 0.001). Among regional level (all PFDR < 0.05), ADHD showed significantly lower CBF-ALFF coupling in bilateral thalamus, default-mode network (DMN) involving left anterior cingulate (ACG.L) and right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG.R), execution control network (ECN) involving right middle orbital frontal gyrus (ORBmid.R) and right inferior frontal triangular gyrus (IFGtriang.R), and increased CBF-ALFF coupling in attention network (AN)-related left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L) and somatosensory network (SSN))-related left rolandic operculum (ROL.L). Furthermore, increased CBF-fALFF coupling was found in the visual network (VN)-related left cuneus and negatively correlated with the concentration index of ADHD (R = - 0.299, PFDR = 0.035). Abnormal regional NVC metrics were at widespread neural networks in ADHD, mainly involved in DMN, ECN, SSN, AN, VN and bilateral thalamus. Notably, this study reinforced the insights into the neural basis and pathophysiological mechanism underlying ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gao J, Jiang R, Tang X, Chen J, Yu M, Zhou C, Wang X, Zhang H, Huang C, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cui Z, Zhang X. A neuromarker for deficit syndrome in schizophrenia from a combination of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3774-3785. [PMID: 37288482 PMCID: PMC10651988 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Deficit schizophrenia (DS), defined by primary and enduring negative symptoms, has been proposed as a promising homogeneous subtype of schizophrenia. It has been demonstrated that unimodal neuroimaging characteristics of DS were different from non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS), however, whether multimodal-based neuroimaging features could identify deficit syndrome remains to be determined. METHODS Functional and structural multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of DS, NDS and healthy controls were scanned. Voxel-based features of gray matter volume, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and regional homogeneity were extracted. The support vector machine classification models were constructed using these features separately and jointly. The most discriminative features were defined as the first 10% of features with the greatest weights. Moreover, relevance vector regression was applied to explore the predictive values of these top-weighted features in predicting negative symptoms. RESULTS The multimodal classifier achieved a higher accuracy (75.48%) compared with the single modal model in distinguishing DS from NDS. The most predictive brain regions were mainly located in the default mode and visual networks, exhibiting differences between functional and structural features. Further, the identified discriminative features significantly predicted scores of diminished expressivity factor in DS but not NDS. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that local properties of brain regions extracted from multimodal imaging data could distinguish DS from NDS with a machine learning-based approach and confirmed the relationship between distinctive features and the negative symptoms subdomain. These findings may improve the identification of potential neuroimaging signatures and improve the clinical assessment of the deficit syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical ImagingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of PsychiatryWutaishan Hospital of YangzhouYangzhouChina
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of RadiologySubei People's Hospital of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhouChina
| | - Chengbing Huang
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PsychiatryHuai'an No. 3 People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Chen R, Jiao Y, Zhu JS, Wang XH. Frequency characteristics of temporal and spatial concordance among dynamic indices in inattentive and combined subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196290. [PMID: 37928723 PMCID: PMC10620509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous voxel-based resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) measurements have been used to characterize spontaneous brain activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the practical distinctions and commonalities among these intrinsic brain activity measures remain to be fully explored, and whether the functional concordance is related to frequency is still unknown. The study included 25 ADHD, combined type (ADHD-C); 26 ADHD, inattentive type (ADHD-I); and 28 typically developing (TD) children. We calculated the voxel-wise (temporal) and volume-wise (spatial) concordance among dynamic rs-fMRI indices in the slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) and slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) frequency bands, respectively. The spatiotemporal concordance within the slow-4 and slow-5 bands among the ADHD-C, ADHD-I, and TD groups was compared. Although the ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups showed similar volume-wise concordance, comparison analysis revealed that compared with ADHD-C patients, ADHD-I patients exhibited decreased voxel-wise concordance in the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (MCC) and right supplementary motor area (SMA) in the slow-5 band. In addition, the voxel-wise concordance was negatively correlated with the diagnostic scores of ADHD subtypes. Our results suggest that functional concordance is frequency dependent, and dynamic concordance analysis based on specific frequency bands may provide a novel approach for investigating the pathophysiological differences among ADHD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Sa Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun-Heng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
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Xie J, Zhang W, Shen Y, Wei W, Bai Y, Zhang G, Meng N, Yue X, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang M. Abnormal spontaneous brain activity in females with autism spectrum disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1189087. [PMID: 37521682 PMCID: PMC10379634 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1189087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To date, most studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on sample sets that were primarily or entirely composed of males; brain spontaneous activity changes in females remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in the brain spontaneous neural activity in females with ASD. Methods In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) of 41 females with ASD and 41 typically developing (TD) controls were obtained from the ABDIE database. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the two groups were calculated to detect the regional brain activity. A two independent sample t-test was used to analyze differences between the ASD and TD groups and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between social responsiveness scale (SRS) scores and the local activity of significantly different brain regions. Results Compared with the typically developing (TD) group, the values of ALFF and ReHo were significantly increased in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), while the values of ReHo were significantly decreased in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), and bilateral precuneus in the females with ASD group. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo of the right precuneus was positively correlated to the total SRS, social communication, and autistic mannerisms. Conclusion Spontaneous activity changes in females with ASD involved multiple brain regions and were related to clinical characteristics. Our results may provide some help for further exploring the neurobiological mechanism of females with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Xie
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xipeng Yue
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology, Institute for Integrated Medical Science and Engineering, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Liu G, Lu W, Qiu J, Shi L. Identifying individuals with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multisite resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging: A radiomics analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3433-3445. [PMID: 36971664 PMCID: PMC10171499 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by symptoms of age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Apart from behavioral symptoms investigated by psychiatric methods, there is no standard biological test to diagnose ADHD. This study aimed to explore whether the radiomics features based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) have more discriminative power for the diagnosis of ADHD. The rs-fMRI of 187 subjects with ADHD and 187 healthy controls were collected from 5 sites of ADHD-200 Consortium. A total of four preprocessed rs-fMRI images including regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and network degree centrality (DC) were used in this study. From each of the four images, we extracted 93 radiomics features within each of 116 automated anatomical labeling brain areas, resulting in a total of 43,152 features for each subject. After dimension reduction and feature selection, 19 radiomics features were retained (5 from ALFF, 9 from ReHo, 3 from VMHC and 2 from DC). By training and optimizing a support vector machine model using the retained features of training dataset, we achieved the accuracy of 76.3% and 77.0% (areas under curve = 0.811 and 0.797) in the training and testing datasets, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that radiomics can be a novel strategy for fully utilizing rs-fMRI information to distinguish ADHD from healthy controls. The rs-fMRI-based radiomics features have the potential to be neuroimaging biomarkers for ADHD.
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11
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Shang CY, Chou TL, Hsieh CY, Gau SSF. A Counting Stroop Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Effects of ORADUR-Methylphenidate in Drug-Naive Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:467-475. [PMID: 36251766 PMCID: PMC9700368 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Methylphenidate is effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ORADUR®-methylphenidate is a new extended-release preparation of methylphenidate. This study aimed at identifying brain regions with activation changes and their correlations with neuropsychological functions after treatment with ORADUR-methylphenidate in children with ADHD. Methods: We recruited drug-naive children with ADHD and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. They were all scanned with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the counting Stroop task at baseline, and those with ADHD had the second fMRI assessment after 8-week treatment with ORADUR-methylphenidate. The Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) and Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) were used to assess the attention performance of the ADHD (before and after treatment) and TD groups. Results: ORADUR-methylphenidate significantly decreased inattention (Cohen d = 2.17) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (Cohen d = 0.98) symptoms. We found less activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) in the pre-treatment ADHD children than TD children and greater treatment-induced activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). There was no significant difference between the post-treatment ADHD and TD groups. However, the treatment-related activations in the dACC, rDLPFC, and rIFG were significantly correlated with CCPT and RVP measures. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that ORADUR-methylphenidate increased brain activations in the dACC, rDLPFC, and rIFG in children with ADHD, associated with improved focused attention, reduced impulsivity, and enhanced inhibition control. Activities of these brain regions might be biomarkers for the treatment effectiveness of methylphenidate for ADHD. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02450890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Address correspondence to: Susan Shur-Fen Gau, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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12
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Kessi M, Duan H, Xiong J, Chen B, He F, Yang L, Ma Y, Bamgbade OA, Peng J, Yin F. Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:925049. [PMID: 36211978 PMCID: PMC9532551 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.925049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that commonly occurs in children with a prevalence ranging from 3.4 to 7.2%. It profoundly affects academic achievement, well-being, and social interactions. As a result, this disorder is of high cost to both individuals and society. Despite the availability of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of ADHD, the pathogenesis is not clear, hence, the existence of many challenges especially in making correct early diagnosis and provision of accurate management. Objectives We aimed to review the pathogenic pathways of ADHD in children. The major focus was to provide an update on the reported etiologies in humans, animal models, modulators, therapies, mechanisms, epigenetic changes, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Methods References for this review were identified through a systematic search in PubMed by using special keywords for all years until January 2022. Results Several genes have been reported to associate with ADHD: DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DAT1, TPH2, HTR1A, HTR1B, SLC6A4, HTR2A, DBH, NET1, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, GAD1, GRM1, GRM5, GRM7, GRM8, TARBP1, ADGRL3, FGF1, MAOA, BDNF, SNAP25, STX1A, ATXN7, and SORCS2. Some of these genes have evidence both from human beings and animal models, while others have evidence in either humans or animal models only. Notably, most of these animal models are knockout and do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. Besides, some of the gene polymorphisms reported differ according to the ethnic groups. The majority of the available animal models are related to the dopaminergic pathway. Epigenetic changes including SUMOylation, methylation, and acetylation have been reported in genes related to the dopaminergic pathway. Conclusion The dopaminergic pathway remains to be crucial in the pathogenesis of ADHD. It can be affected by environmental factors and other pathways. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how environmental factors relate to all neurotransmitter pathways; thus, more studies are needed. Although several genes have been related to ADHD, there are few animal model studies on the majority of the genes, and they do not generate the genetic alteration of the patients. More animal models and epigenetic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Haolin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Olumuyiwa A. Bamgbade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yin,
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13
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Ding H, Zhong Y, Liu N, Wu H, Xu H, Wu Y, Liu G, Yuan S, Zhou Q, Wang C. Panic disorder aging characteristics: The role of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and brain function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:835963. [PMID: 35992589 PMCID: PMC9389410 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.835963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) causes serious functional damage and disability and accelerates the process of individual aging. The pathological basis of PD is the same as that of age-related diseases, which is proposed as a new viewpoint in recent years. Memory decline and social functional impairment are common manifestations of accelerated aging in PD. The function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomere length (TL) is abnormal in patients with aging and PD. However, the molecular mechanism behind remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TERT gene expression (including DNA methylation) and the changes in PD aging characteristics (memory and social function). By TERT gene knockout mice, we found that loss of TERT attenuated the acquisition of recent fear memory during contextual fear conditioning. This study reported that a significantly lower methylation level of human TERT (hTERT) gene was detected in PD patients compared with healthy control and particularly decreased CpG methylation in the promoter region of hTERT was associated with the clinical characteristics in PD. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis showed that the methylation of hTERT (cg1295648) influenced social function of PD patients through moderating the function of the left postcentral gyrus (PCG). This indicates that the hTERT gene may play an important role in the pathological basis of PD aging and may become a biological marker for evaluating PD aging. These findings provide multidimensional evidence for the underlying genetic and pathological mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Qigang Zhou,
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Wang,
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14
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Lin YJ, Chiu YN, Wu YY, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. Developmental Changes of Autistic Symptoms, ADHD Symptoms, and Attentional Performance in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05445-x. [PMID: 35420295 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study followed up ADHD/autistic symptoms and attentional performance in children/adolescents with ASD and typically developing ones (TD) over 5-7 years. The participants were stratified by age at baseline into child (< 12 years) and adolescent (12-19 years) groups. ADHD symptoms, especially hyperactivity, and attentional functions significantly improved during follow-up, more in children than in adolescents, in both ASD and TD. Significantly more omission errors and perseverations were noted in ASD than TD through the follow-up. Children with ASD had more improvement in reaction time while adolescents with ASD had less improvement in commission errors and detectability than TD. No correlation of attentional functions and ADHD symptoms in ASD implied different neural mechanisms of ADHD symptoms between ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- YuNing Psychiatry Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, and Preventive Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhong Y, An L, Wang Y, Yang L, Cao Q. Functional abnormality in the sensorimotor system attributed to NRXN1 variants in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:967-976. [PMID: 34687402 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired sensorimotor circuits have been suggested in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NRXN1, highly expressed in cortex and cerebellum, was one of the candidate risk genes for ADHD, while its effects on sensorimotor circuits are unclear. In this content, we aimed to investigate the differential brain effects as functions of the cumulative genetic effects of NRXN1 variants in ADHD and healthy controls (HCs), identifying a potential pathway mapping from NRXN1, sensorimotor circuits, to ADHD. Magnetic resonance imaging, blood samples and clinical assessments were acquired from 53 male ADHD and 46 sex-matched HCs simultaneously. The effects of the cumulative genetic effects of NRXN1 variants valued by poly-variant risk score (PRS), on brain function was measured by resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of cerebrocerebellar circuits. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between NRXN1, functional abnormality, and ADHD diagnosis, as well as ADHD symptoms. The results were validated by bootstrapping and 10,000 times permutation tests. The rs-FC analyses demonstrated significant mediation models for ADHD diagnosis, and emphasized the involvement of cerebellum, middle cingulate gyrus and temporal gyrus, which are crucial parts of sensorimotor circuits. The current study suggested NRXN1 conferred risk for ADHD by regulating the function of sensorimotor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li An
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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16
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Cheng W, Luo N, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tan H, Zhang D, Sui J, Yue W, Yan H. DNA Methylation and Resting Brain Function Mediate the Association between Childhood Urbanicity and Better Speed of Processing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4709-4718. [PMID: 33987663 PMCID: PMC8408435 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanicity has been suggested to affect cognition, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We examined whether epigenetic modification (DNA methylation, DNAm), and brain white matter fiber integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) or local spontaneous brain function activity (regional homogeneity, ReHo) play roles in the association between childhood urbanicity and cognition based on 497 healthy Chinese adults. We found significant correlation between childhood urbanicity and better cognitive performance. Multiset canonical correlation analysis (mCCA) identified an intercorrelated DNAm-FA-ReHo triplet, which showed significant pairwise correlations (DNAm-FA: Bonferroni-adjusted P, Pbon = 4.99E-03, rho = 0.216; DNAm-ReHo: Pbon = 4.08E-03, rho = 0.239; ReHo-FA: Pbon = 1.68E-06, rho = 0.328). Causal mediation analysis revealed that 1) ReHo mediated 10.86% childhood urbanicity effects on the speed of processing and 2) childhood urbanicity alters ReHo through DNA methylation in the cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways (mediated effect: 48.55%). The mediation effect of increased ReHo in the superior temporal gyrus underlying urbanicity impact on a better speed of processing was further validated in an independent cohort. Our work suggests a mediation role for ReHo, particularly increased brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus, in the urbanicity-associated speed of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiu Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoyang Tan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Sui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
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17
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Shen J, Yang B, Xie Z, Wu H, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wang P, Zhang P, Li W, Ye Z, Yu C. Cell-Type-Specific Gene Modules Related to the Regional Homogeneity of Spontaneous Brain Activity and Their Associations With Common Brain Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:639527. [PMID: 33958982 PMCID: PMC8093778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.639527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping gene expression profiles to neuroimaging phenotypes in the same anatomical space provides opportunities to discover molecular substrates for human brain functional properties. Here, we aimed to identify cell-type-specific gene modules associated with the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of spontaneous brain activity and their associations with brain disorders. Fourteen gene modules were consistently associated with ReHo in the three datasets, five of which showed cell-type-specific expression (one neuron-endothelial module, one neuron module, one astrocyte module and two microglial modules) in two independent cell series of the human cerebral cortex. The neuron-endothelial module was mainly enriched for transporter complexes, the neuron module for the synaptic membrane, the astrocyte module for amino acid metabolism, and microglial modules for leukocyte activation and ribose phosphate biosynthesis. In enrichment analyses of cell-type-specific modules for 10 common brain disorders, only the microglial module was significantly enriched for genes obtained from genome-wide association studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ReHo of spontaneous brain activity is associated with the gene expression profiles of neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells. The microglia-related genes associated with MS and AD may provide possible molecular substrates for ReHo abnormality in both brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghua Xie
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanye Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Huang YS, Yeh CB, Chen CH, Shang CY, Gau SSF. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Clinical Trial of ORADUR-Methylphenidate for Treating Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021; 31:164-178. [PMID: 33395356 PMCID: PMC8066345 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is efficacious in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there are no data about the efficacy and safety of its new formulation (ORADUR®-MPH extended release, ORADUR-MPH) in patients with ADHD, which is the study objective. Method: This was a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover clinical trial. One hundred children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (72.7% male) received at least one dose of ORADUR-MPH or a placebo during the 2-week treatment period of each phase. The primary efficacy measure was the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV-teacher (SNAP-IV-T) form. Secondary efficacy measures included the SNAP-IV-parent form, the Clinical Global Impression: ADHD-Severity score, the Conner's Teacher's Rating Scale score, and the investigator's rating for 18 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition ADHD symptoms. In addition, data related to vital signs, body weight, physical examination, laboratory testing, and adverse events (AEs) were also collected. All data were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. Results: Without adjusting for differences in demographics and baseline measures, both treatment groups showed significant reductions in ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms after a 2-week treatment with greater effect sizes (Cohen's d) in the ORADUR-MPH group (Cohen's d ranging from -0.41 to -1.64; placebo, Cohen's d ranging from -0.26 to -1.18), except for oppositional symptoms, regardless of the informants. For the primary efficacy measure, ORADUR-MPH was significantly superior to the placebo, as evidenced by lower values for and greater reductions in the SNAP-IV-T scores at the endpoint (Cohen's d = -0.16, p = 0.005) and from baseline to the endpoint (Cohen's d = -0.19, p = 0.006), respectively. There were no serious AEs during the clinical study period. The most frequently observed AE was decreased appetite (49.1%). Most physical and laboratory test variables remained within the normal range. Conclusions: Once-daily ORADUR-MPH is an effective, well-tolerable, and safe treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02450890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Address correspondence to: Susan Shur-Fen Gau, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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