1
|
Murao N, Morikawa R, Seino Y, Shimomura K, Maejima Y, Yamada Y, Suzuki A. Sildenafil amplifies calcium influx and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16091. [PMID: 38862270 PMCID: PMC11166479 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in animal models and prediabetic patients. However, its other metabolic effects remain poorly investigated. This study examines the impact of sildenafil on insulin secretion in MIN6-K8 mouse clonal β cells. Sildenafil amplified insulin secretion by enhancing Ca2+ influx. These effects required other depolarizing stimuli in MIN6-K8 cells but not in KATP channel-deficient β cells, which were already depolarized, indicating that sildenafil-amplified insulin secretion is depolarization-dependent and KATP channel-independent. Interestingly, sildenafil-amplified insulin secretion was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of R-type channels, but not of other types of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs). Furthermore, sildenafil-amplified insulin secretion was barely affected when its effect on cyclic GMP was inhibited by PDE5 knockdown. Thus, sildenafil stimulates insulin secretion and Ca2+ influx through R-type VDCCs independently of the PDE5/cGMP pathway, a mechanism that differs from the known pharmacology of sildenafil and conventional insulin secretory pathways. Our results reposition sildenafil as an insulinotropic agent that can be used as a potential antidiabetic medicine and a tool to elucidate the novel mechanism of insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Murao
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSchool of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Risa Morikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSchool of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSchool of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological MedicineSchool of Medicine, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological MedicineSchool of Medicine, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSchool of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes ResearchKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismSchool of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kosmalski M, Deska K, Bąk B, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T. Pharmacological Support for the Treatment of Obesity-Present and Future. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030433. [PMID: 36767008 PMCID: PMC9914730 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing civilization problem, associated with a number of negative health consequences affecting almost all tissues and organs. Currently, obesity treatment includes lifestyle modifications (including diet and exercise), pharmacologic therapies, and in some clinical situations, bariatric surgery. These treatments seem to be the most effective method supporting the treatment of obesity. However, they are many limitations to the options, both for the practitioners and patients. Often the comorbidities, cost, age of the patient, and even geographic locations may influence the choices. The pharmacotherapy of obesity is a fast-growing market. Currently, we have at our disposal drugs with various mechanisms of action (directly reducing the absorption of calories-orlistat, acting centrally-bupropion with naltrexone, phentermine with topiramate, or multidirectional-liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide). The drugs whose weight-reducing effect is used in the course of the pharmacotherapy of other diseases (e.g., glucose-sodium cotransporter inhibitors, exenatide) are also worth mentioning. The obesity pharmacotherapy is focusing on novel therapeutic agents with improved safety and efficacy profiles. These trends also include an assessment of the usefulness of the weight-reducing properties of the drugs previously used for other diseases. The presented paper is an overview of the studies related to both drugs currently used in the pharmacotherapy of obesity and those undergoing clinical trials, taking into account the individual approach to the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students’ Scientific Association Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Bąk
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Łódź, Poland
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin J, Zhu S, Liao Y, Liang Z, Quan Y, He Y, Cai J, Lu F. Spontaneous Browning of White Adipose Tissue Improves Angiogenesis and Reduces Macrophage Infiltration After Fat Grafting in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845158. [PMID: 35557960 PMCID: PMC9087586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat grafting is a frequently used technique; however, its survival/ regeneration mechanism is not fully understood. The browning of white adipocytes, a process initiated in response to external stimuli, is the conversion of white to beige adipocytes. The physiologic significance of the browning of adipocytes following transplantation is unclear. Methods: C57BL/6 mice received 150 mg grafts of inguinal adipose tissue, and then the transplanted fat was harvested and analyzed at different time points to assess the browning process. To verify the role of browning of adipocytes in fat grafting, the recipient mice were allocated to three groups, which were administered CL316243 or SR59230A to stimulate or suppress browning, respectively, or a control group after transplantation. Results: Browning of the grafts was present in the center of each as early as 7 days post-transplantation. The number of beige cells peaked at day 14 and then decreased gradually until they were almost absent at day 90. The activation of browning resulted in superior angiogenesis, higher expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fewer macrophages, and ultimately better graft survival (Upregulation, 59.17% ± 6.64% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05), whereas the inhibition of browning led to poor angiogenesis, lower expression of VEGF-A, increased inflammatory macrophages, and poor transplant retention at week 10 (Downregulation, 20.67% ± 3.69% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05). Conclusion: The browning of WAT following transplantation improves the survival of fat grafts by the promotion of angiogenesis and reducing macrophage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Lu
- *Correspondence: Junrong Cai, ; Feng Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ushio-Fukai M, Ash D, Nagarkoti S, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Fulton DJR, Fukai T. Interplay Between Reactive Oxygen/Reactive Nitrogen Species and Metabolism in Vascular Biology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1319-1354. [PMID: 33899493 PMCID: PMC8418449 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., superoxide [O2•-] and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS; e.g., nitric oxide [NO•]) at the physiological level function as signaling molecules that mediate many biological responses, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression. By contrast, excess ROS/RNS, a consequence of dysregulated redox homeostasis, is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that both ROS and RNS regulate various metabolic pathways and enzymes. Recent studies indicate that cells have mechanisms that fine-tune ROS/RNS levels by tight regulation of metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The ROS/RNS-mediated inhibition of glycolytic pathways promotes metabolic reprogramming away from glycolytic flux toward the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for antioxidant defense. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS/RNS regulate metabolic enzymes and cellular metabolism and how cellular metabolism influences redox homeostasis and the pathogenesis of disease. A full understanding of these mechanisms will be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with dysregulated redox homeostasis and metabolism. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1319-1354.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluation of Browning Agents on the White Adipogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Contribution to Fighting Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020403. [PMID: 33669222 PMCID: PMC7919793 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown-like adipocytes can be induced in white fat depots by a different environmental or drug stimuli, known as "browning" or "beiging". These brite adipocytes express thermogenin UCP1 protein and show different metabolic advantages, such as the ability to acquire a thermogenic phenotype corresponding to standard brown adipocytes that counteracts obesity. In this research, we evaluated the effects of several browning agents during white adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Our in vitro findings identified two compounds that may warrant further in vivo investigation as possible anti-obesity drugs. We found that rosiglitazone and sildenafil are the most promising drug candidates for a browning treatment of obesity. These drugs are already available on the market for treating diabetes and erectile dysfunction, respectively. Thus, their off-label use may be contemplated, but it must be emphasized that some severe side effects are associated with use of these drugs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kilanowska A, Ziółkowska A. Role of Phosphodiesterase in the Biology and Pathology of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8244. [PMID: 33153226 PMCID: PMC7662747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is the initiator of a large number of molecular secretory processes in β cells. Cyclic nucleotides as a second messenger are the main physiological regulators of these processes and are functionally divided into compartments in pancreatic cells. Their intracellular concentration is limited by hydrolysis led by one or more phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes. Literature data confirmed multiple expressions of PDEs subtypes, but the specific roles of each in pancreatic β-cell function, particularly in humans, are still unclear. Isoforms present in the pancreas are also found in various tissues of the body. Normoglycemia and its strict control are supported by the appropriate release of insulin from the pancreas and the action of insulin in peripheral tissues, including processes related to homeostasis, the regulation of which is based on the PDE- cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. The challenge in developing a therapeutic solution based on GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion) enhancers targeted at PDEs is the selective inhibition of their activity only within β cells. Undeniably, PDEs inhibitors have therapeutic potential, but some of them are burdened with certain adverse effects. Therefore, the chance to use knowledge in this field for diabetes treatment has been postulated for a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Ziółkowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: New targets in the metabolic syndrome? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107475. [PMID: 31926200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have a tremendous impact on human morbidity and mortality. Numerous targets regulating adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) have been identified for treating the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and many compounds are being used or developed to increase AMPK activity. In parallel, the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase families (PDEs) have emerged as new therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases, as well as in non-resolved pathologies. Since some PDE subfamilies inactivate cAMP into 5'-AMP, while the beneficial effects in MetS are related to 5'-AMP-dependent activation of AMPK, an analysis of the various controversial relationships between PDEs and AMPK in MetS appears interesting. The present review will describe the various PDE families, AMPK and molecular mechanisms in the MetS and discuss the PDEs/PDE modulators related to the tissues involved, thus supporting the discovery of original molecules and the design of new therapeutic approaches in MetS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Goyal A, Garabadu D. Sildenafil promotes the anti-amnesic activity of estrogen receptor alpha agonist in animals with estrogen insufficiency. Neurochem Int 2019; 132:104609. [PMID: 31778728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive function in the females is observed to modulate with the fluctuation in plasma estrogen level. The specific estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist, (4,4',4″-(4-propyl-[1H] pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris phenol (PPT), exerts similar therapeutic activity to that of estrogen replacement therapy. It can also exert cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent carcinogenic activity in the uterus of the ovariectomized animals. However, there is no report of cGMP on the ERα-mediated phosphorylation of Akt in the experimental condition. Sildenafil increases the level of cGMP in most of the tissues including brain. Hence, the present study evaluated the therapeutic effect of Sildenafil with or without PPT in rats with experimentally-induced estrogen insufficiency. The condition of estrogen insufficiency was induced in female rats through bilateral ovariectomy on day-1 (D-1) of the experimental schedule. Sildenafil (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) and PPT attenuated ovariectomy-induced cognitive deficits in behavioural tests and increase in body weight in the rodents. Sildenafil and PPT increased the cholinergic function and the ratio of cGMP/cAMP in the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex and amygdala of the animals. Further, the ovariectomy-induced decrease in the extent of phosphorylation of ERα in all the brain regions was attenuated with the monotherapy of either Sildenafil or PPT. Interestingly, the combination of Sildenafil and PPT exhibited better therapeutic effectiveness than their monotherapy. However, Sildenafil attenuated the PPT-induced increase in the level of expression of phosphorylated protein kinase-B (Akt) in the discrete brain regions and the weight of uterus of these rodents. Hence, it can be assumed that the combination could be a better therapeutic alternative with minimal side effect in the management of estrogen insufficiency-induced disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doghri Y, Chetaneau F, Rhimi M, Kriaa A, Lalanne V, Thorin C, Maguin E, Mallem MY, Desfontis JC. Sildenafil citrate long-term treatment effects on cardiovascular reactivity in a SHR experimental model of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223914. [PMID: 31697707 PMCID: PMC6837760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence indicates that metabolic syndrome is strongly correlated with a decrease in nitric oxide and an increase in oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular alterations. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as a new contributor to the metabolic syndrome establishment and associated cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that a positive modulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, through phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition could prevent cardiovascular alterations and gut dysbiosis that may be associated to metabolic syndrome. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, cafeteria diet (CD) and sildenafil citrate treated groups (5mg/kg per os) were given either a CD or a standard chow diet for 10 weeks. Body weight, arterial blood pressure and glucose tolerance test were monitored. At the 10th week, cardiac inotropy and coronary perfusion pressure were evaluated on isolated heart according to Langendorff method. Cumulative concentration response curves to phenylephrine and acetylcholine were determined on thoracic aorta rings for vascular reactivity evaluation. Faecal samples were collected for the gut microbiota analysis. Compared to the control group, CD-fed rats showed a significant increase in body weight gain, arterial blood pressure and were glucose intolerant. This group showed also a decrease in β-adrenoceptor-induced cardiac inotropy and coronary vasodilation. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a significant reduction in the abundance of Lactobocillus spp in cafeteria diet-fed rats when compared to the control ones. Sildenafil citrate long-term treatment decreased weight gain and arterial blood pressure, improved coronary vasodilation and reduced α1-adrenoceptor-induced vasoconstriction in CD group. However, it did not reverse gut dysbiosis induced by chronic CD feeding. These results suggest that cGMP pathway targeting may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of the metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Doghri
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabien Chetaneau
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Lalanne
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M. Yassine Mallem
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desfontis
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Atlanpôle—La Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, 5 BP, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL, Melander O, Moro C. Natriuretic Peptides in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Crosstalk: Implications for Hypertension Management. Hypertension 2018; 72:270-276. [PMID: 29941512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Jordan
- From the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany (J.J.) .,University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Medical Clinic III, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (A.L.B.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany (A.L.B.).,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.L.B.)
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University (O.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine (O.M.)
| | - Cedric Moro
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Obesity Research Laboratory, INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France (C.M.).,UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, University of Toulouse, France (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|