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Oh S, Janknecht R. Versatile JMJD proteins: juggling histones and much more. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00152-X. [PMID: 38926050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. They belong to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase superfamily and are endowed with various enzymatic activities, including demethylation of histones and hydroxylation of non-histone proteins. Many JMJD proteins are involved in the epigenetic control of gene expression, yet they also modulate a myriad other cellular processes. In this review we focus on the 33 human JMJD proteins and their established and controversial catalytic properties, survey their epigenetic and non-epigenetic functions, emphasize their contribution to sex-specific disease differences, and highlight how they sense metabolic changes. All this underlines not only their key roles in development and homeostasis, but also that JMJD proteins are destined to become drug targets in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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2
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Di Nisio E, Manzini V, Licursi V, Negri R. To Erase or Not to Erase: Non-Canonical Catalytic Functions and Non-Catalytic Functions of Members of Histone Lysine Demethylase Families. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6900. [PMID: 39000010 PMCID: PMC11241480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) play an essential role in biological processes such as transcription regulation, RNA maturation, transposable element control, and genome damage sensing and repair. In most cases, their action requires catalytic activities, but non-catalytic functions have also been shown in some KDMs. Indeed, some strictly KDM-related proteins and some KDM isoforms do not act as histone demethylase but show other enzymatic activities or relevant non-enzymatic functions in different cell types. Moreover, many studies have reported on functions potentially supported by catalytically dead mutant KDMs. This is probably due to the versatility of the catalytical core, which can adapt to assume different molecular functions, and to the complex multi-domain structure of these proteins which encompasses functional modules for targeting histone modifications, promoting protein-protein interactions, or recognizing nucleic acid structural motifs. This rich modularity and the availability of multiple isoforms in the various classes produced variants with enzymatic functions aside from histone demethylation or variants with non-catalytical functions during the evolution. In this review we will catalog the proteins with null or questionable demethylase activity and predicted or validated inactive isoforms, summarizing what is known about their alternative functions. We will then go through some experimental evidence for the non-catalytical functions of active KDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Nisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Manzini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zhang Y, Ding N, Li Y, Ouyang M, Fu P, Peng Y, Tan Y. Transcription factor FOXM1 specifies chromatin DNA to extracellular vesicles. Autophagy 2024; 20:1054-1071. [PMID: 37974331 PMCID: PMC11135825 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2284523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle DNAs (evDNAs) hold significant diagnostic value for various diseases and facilitate transcellular transfer of genetic material. Our study identifies transcription factor FOXM1 as a mediator for directing chromatin genes or DNA fragments (termed FOXM1-chDNAs) to extracellular vesicles (EVs). FOXM1 binds to MAP1LC3/LC3 in the nucleus, and FOXM1-chDNAs, such as the DUX4 gene and telomere DNA, are designated by FOXM1 binding and translocated to the cytoplasm before being released to EVs through the secretory autophagy during lysosome inhibition (SALI) process involving LC3. Disrupting FOXM1 expression or the SALI process impairs FOXM1-chDNAs incorporation into EVs. FOXM1-chDNAs can be transmitted to recipient cells via EVs and expressed in recipient cells when they carry functional genes. This finding provides an example of how chromatin DNA fragments are specified to EVs by transcription factor FOXM1, revealing its contribution to the formation of evDNAs from nuclear chromatin. It provides a basis for further exploration of the roles of evDNAs in biological processes, such as horizontal gene transfer.Abbreviation: ATG5: autophagy related 5; CCFs: cytoplasmic chromatin fragments; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; cytoDNA: cytoplasmic DNA; CQ: chloroquine; FOXM1-DBD: FOXM1 DNA binding domain; DUX4:double homeobox 4; EVs: extracellular vesicles; evDNAs: extracellular vesicle DNAs; FOXM1: forkhead box M1; FOXM1-chDNAs: chromatin DNA fragments directed by FOXM1 to EVs; HGT: horizontal gene transfer; LC3-II: lipid modified LC3; LMNB1: lamin B1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MVBs: multivesicular bodies; M1-binding DNA: a linear DNA containing 72× FOXM1 binding sites; SALI: secretory autophagy during lysosome inhibition; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TetO-DUX4: TetO array-containing DUX4 DNA; TetO: tet operator; TetR: tet repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Nana Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Min Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yousong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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4
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Zhang BS, Zhang XM, Ito M, Yajima S, Yoshida K, Ohno M, Nishi E, Wang H, Li SY, Kubota M, Yoshida Y, Matsutani T, Mine S, Machida T, Takemoto M, Yamagata H, Hayashi A, Yokote K, Kobayashi Y, Takizawa H, Kuroda H, Shimada H, Iwadate Y, Hiwasa T. JMJD6 Autoantibodies as a Potential Biomarker for Inflammation-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4935. [PMID: 38732153 PMCID: PMC11084951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is closely associated with cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers, and it is accompanied by the development of autoantibodies in the early stage of inflammation-related diseases. Hence, it is meaningful to discover novel antibody biomarkers targeting inflammation-related diseases. In this study, Jumonji C-domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) was identified by the serological identification of antigens through recombinant cDNA expression cloning. In particular, JMJD6 is an antigen recognized in serum IgG from patients with unstable angina pectoris (a cardiovascular disease). Then, the serum antibody levels were examined using an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay and a purified recombinant JMJD6 protein as an antigen. We observed elevated levels of serum anti-JMJD6 antibodies (s-JMJD6-Abs) in patients with inflammation-related diseases such as ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cancers (including esophageal cancer, EC; gastric cancer; lung cancer; and mammary cancer), compared with the levels in healthy donors. The s-JMJD6-Ab levels were closely associated with some inflammation indicators, such as C-reactive protein and intima-media thickness (an atherosclerosis index). A better postoperative survival status of patients with EC was observed in the JMJD6-Ab-positive group than in the negative group. An immunohistochemical analysis showed that JMJD6 was highly expressed in the inflamed mucosa of esophageal tissues, esophageal carcinoma tissues, and atherosclerotic plaques. Hence, JMJD6 autoantibodies may reflect inflammation, thereby serving as a potential biomarker for diagnosing specific inflammation-related diseases, including stroke, AMI, DM, and cancers, and for prediction of the prognosis in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan (H.S.)
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kubota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
| | - Seiichiro Mine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba 287-0003, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba 290-0512, Japan
| | - Toshio Machida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba 290-0512, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba 283-8686, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagata
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Aiko Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba 260-0025, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroda
- Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama 340-0203, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan (H.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (B.-S.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan (H.S.)
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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5
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Yang L, Ruan Y, Xu H. HIST3H2A promotes the progression of prostate cancer through inhibiting cell necroptosis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:544. [PMID: 38684944 PMCID: PMC11059659 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development remain unclear, necessitating the identification of new therapeutic targets. Through bioinformatics analysis, we discovered a previously unstudied differential gene called HIST3H2A in prostate cancer. Our study revealed that HIST3H2A is highly expressed in PCa tissues, as confirmed by analysis of both the GEO and UALCAN databases. Further analysis using the KEGG database demonstrated that HIST3H2A regulates the pathway of programmed necroptosis in cells. Additionally, we observed significant up-regulation of HIST3H2A in PCa tissues and cell lines. HIST3H2A was found to regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumors. Notably, HIST3H2A's role in regulating programmed necroptosis in prostate cancer cells differs from its role in apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments collectively support the key role of HIST3H2A in promoting the development of prostate cancer, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yong Ruan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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6
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Liu C, Xu M, Li W, Cao X, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang T, Lu M, Xie H, Chen Y. Quantitative Pattern of hPTMs by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics with Implications for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1495-1505. [PMID: 38576392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressive nature, and TNBC management is currently challenging due to the lack of effective targets. Despite the importance of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) in breast cancer, their associations with molecular subtypes of breast cancer, especially TNBC, are poorly understood. In this study, a combination of untargeted and targeted proteomics approaches, supplemented by a derivatization method, was applied to breast cancer cells and tissue samples. Untargeted proteomics of eight breast cancer cell lines belonging to different molecular subtypes revealed 36 modified peptides with 12 lysine modification sites in histone H3, and the most frequently reported top 5 histone H3 methylation and acetylation sites were covered. Then, targeted proteomics was carried out to quantify the total 20 target hPTMs at the covered modification sites (i.e., mono-, di-, trimethylation, and acetylation for each site), indicating the difficulty in distinguishing TNBC cells from normal cells. Subsequently, the analysis in TNBC patients revealed significant expression differences in 4 specific hPTMs (H3K14ac, H3K27me1, H3K36me2, and H3K36me3) between TNBC and adjacent normal tissue samples. These unique hPTM patterns allowed for the differentiation of TNBC from normal cases. This finding provides promising implications for advancing targeted treatment strategies for TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengying Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meiyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing 211166, China
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Liu H, Jiang M, Ma F, Qin J, Zhou X, Xu L, Yan X, Jiang T. JMJD6 functions as an oncogene and is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:696. [PMID: 37488513 PMCID: PMC10367331 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high prevalence and poor prognosis. It is an urgent problem to deeply understand the molecular mechanism of ESCC and develop effective diagnostic and prognostic methods. METHODS Using tumor tissue and corresponding paracancerous samples from 141 resected ESCC patients, we assessed Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) expression using Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate or multivariate analysis were used to investigate the relationship between JMJD6 expression and clinicopathological features. The expression status and prognostic value of JMJD6 were analyzed by bioinformatics and enrichment analysis. RESULTS The expression of JMJD6 in ESCC samples was higher than that in the corresponding paracancerous samples, and high expression of JMJD6 was positively associated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of the expression and prognosis of JMJD6 in a variety of tumors showed that high expression of JMJD6 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. Enrichment analysis indicated that the high expression of genes similar to JMJD6, such as Conserved oligomeric Golgi 1(COG1), Major facilitator superfamily domain 11 (MFSD11) and Death Effector Domain Containing 2 (DEDD2), was associated with poor prognosis of ESCC, suggesting that JMJD6 might be involved in the occurrence and prognosis of ESCC. CONCLUSION Our study found that JMJD6 expression was significantly increased in ESCC patients and positively correlated with prognosis, indicating that targeting JMJD6 might be an attractive prognostic biomarker and provides a potential treatment strategy for ESCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by Tangdu Hospital ethics committee (No. TDLL-202110-02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Menglong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Fenghui Ma
- Medical Examination Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jiapei Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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8
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Qin S, Kitty I, Hao Y, Zhao F, Kim W. Maintaining Genome Integrity: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Orchestrate the Balancing Act of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10212. [PMID: 37373360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages which lead to severe genome instability. Phosphorylation is one of the most important protein post-translation modifications involved in DSBs repair regulation. Kinases and phosphatases play coordinating roles in DSB repair by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating various proteins. Recent research has shed light on the importance of maintaining a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities in DSB repair. The interplay between kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in regulating DNA-repair processes, and alterations in their activity can lead to genomic instability and disease. Therefore, study on the function of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair is essential for understanding their roles in cancer development and therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair regulation and highlight the advancements in the development of cancer therapies targeting kinases or phosphatases in DSBs repair pathways. In conclusion, understanding the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities in DSBs repair provides opportunities for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Tang Y, Feng M, Su Y, Ma T, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang X, Shi S, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Hu S, Wei K, Xu D. Jmjd4 Facilitates Pkm2 Degradation in Cardiomyocytes and Is Protective Against Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2023; 147:1684-1704. [PMID: 37066795 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large portion of idiopathic and familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases have no obvious causal genetic variant. Although altered response to metabolic stress has been implicated, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DCM remain elusive. The JMJD family proteins, initially identified as histone deacetylases, have been shown to be involved in many cardiovascular diseases. Despite their increasingly diverse functions, whether JMJD family members play a role in DCM remains unclear. METHODS We examined Jmjd4 expression in patients with DCM, and conditionally deleted and overexpressed Jmjd4 in cardiomyocytes in vivo to investigate its role in DCM. RNA sequencing, metabolites profiling, and mass spectrometry were used to dissect the molecular mechanism of Jmjd4-regulating cardiac metabolism and hypertrophy. RESULTS We found that expression of Jmjd4 is significantly decreased in hearts of patients with DCM. Induced cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Jmjd4 led to spontaneous DCM with severely impaired mitochondrial respiration. Pkm2, the less active pyruvate kinase compared with Pkm1, which is normally absent in healthy adult cardiomyocytes but elevated in cardiomyopathy, was found to be drastically accumulated in hearts with Jmjd4 deleted. Jmjd4 was found mechanistically to interact with Hsp70 to mediate degradation of Pkm2 through chaperone-mediated autophagy, which is dependent on hydroxylation of K66 of Pkm2 by Jmjd4. By enhancing the enzymatic activity of the abundant but less active Pkm2, TEPP-46, a Pkm2 agonist, showed a significant therapeutic effect on DCM induced by Jmjd4 deficiency, and heart failure induced by pressure overload, as well. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified a novel role of Jmjd4 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in adult cardiomyocytes by degrading Pkm2 and suggest that Jmjd4 and Pkm2 may be therapeutically targeted to treat DCM, and other cardiac diseases with metabolic dysfunction, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (Y.T., Y.S., T.M., Y.X., D.X.)
| | - Mengying Feng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (M.F., H.Z., S.S., Y.Z., K.W.)
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (Y.T., Y.S., T.M., Y.X., D.X.)
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (Y.T., Y.S., T.M., Y.X., D.X.)
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (M.F., H.Z., S.S., Y.Z., K.W.)
| | - Hongchun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.W., S.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (X.W.)
| | - Shuyue Shi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (M.F., H.Z., S.S., Y.Z., K.W.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.W., S.H.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (M.F., H.Z., S.S., Y.Z., K.W.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (Y.T., Y.S., T.M., Y.X., D.X.)
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.W., S.H.)
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (M.F., H.Z., S.S., Y.Z., K.W.)
| | - Dachun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (Y.T., Y.S., T.M., Y.X., D.X.)
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10
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Wang Y, Bedford MT. Effectors and effects of arginine methylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:725-734. [PMID: 37013969 PMCID: PMC10212539 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a ubiquitous and relatively stable post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs in three types: monomethylarginine (MMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Methylarginine marks are catalyzed by members of the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) family of enzymes. Substrates for arginine methylation are found in most cellular compartments, with RNA-binding proteins forming the majority of PRMT targets. Arginine methylation often occurs in intrinsically disordered regions of proteins, which impacts biological processes like protein-protein interactions and phase separation, to modulate gene transcription, mRNA splicing and signal transduction. With regards to protein-protein interactions, the major 'readers' of methylarginine marks are Tudor domain-containing proteins, although additional domain types and unique protein folds have also recently been identified as methylarginine readers. Here, we will assess the current 'state-of-the-art' in the arginine methylation reader field. We will focus on the biological functions of the Tudor domain-containing methylarginine readers and address other domains and complexes that sense methylarginine marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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11
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JMJD family proteins in cancer and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:304. [PMID: 36050314 PMCID: PMC9434538 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is no one single explanation for tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes such as the dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones are actively involved in oncogenesis and inflammatory response. The methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins represents a class of post-translational modifications. The human Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) protein family consists of more than 30 members. The JMJD proteins have long been identified with histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and histone arginine demethylases activities and thus could function as epigenetic modulators in physiological processes and diseases. Importantly, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammatory diseases, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Here, we discuss the role of key JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammation, including the intensively studied histone lysine demethylases, as well as the understudied group of JMJD members. In particular, we focused on epigenetic changes induced by each JMJD member and summarized recent research progress evaluating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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12
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A specific JMJD6 inhibitor potently suppresses multiple types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200753119. [PMID: 35969736 PMCID: PMC9407455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200753119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JMJD6 is overexpressed in multiple types of cancers and promotes tumorigenesis. The enzymatic activity of JMJD6 is often tightly linked to its cellular functions. Thus, development of effective inhibitors specifically targeting JMJD6 enzymatic activity is of great interest to treat cancers. Our results demonstrate that iJMJD6 is a specific small-molecule inhibitor targeting the enzymatic activity of JMJD6, and is potent in suppressing oncogene expression and cancer development. iJMJD6 therefore might serve as a great tool for further exploring JMJD6's function in both physiological and pathological processes and provide a promising therapeutic approach for treating JMJD6-driven cancers. Jumonji C-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6), an iron (Fe2+) and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent oxygenase, is expressed at high levels, correlated with poor prognosis, and considered as a therapeutic target in multiple cancer types. However, specific JMJD6 inhibitors that are potent in suppressing tumorigenesis have not been reported so far. We herein report that iJMJD6, a specific small-molecule inhibitor of JMJD6 with favorable physiochemical properties, inhibits the enzymatic activity of JMJD6 protein both in vitro and in cultured cells. iJMJD6 is effective in suppressing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in multiple types of cancer cells in a JMJD6-dependent manner, while it exhibits minimal toxicity in normal cells. Mechanistically, iJMJD6 represses the expression of oncogenes, including Myc and CCND1, in accordance with JMJD6 function in promoting the transcription of these genes. iJMJD6 exhibits suitable pharmacokinetic properties and suppresses tumor growth in multiple cancer cell line– and patient-derived xenograft models safely. Furthermore, combination therapy with iJMJD6 and BET protein inhibitor (BETi) JQ1 or estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant exhibits synergistic effects in suppressing tumor growth. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of JMJD6 enzymatic activity by using iJMJD6 is effective in suppressing oncogene expression and cancer development, providing a therapeutic avenue for treating cancers that are dependent on JMJD6 in the clinic.
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13
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Zhou J, Simon JM, Liao C, Zhang C, Hu L, Zurlo G, Liu X, Fan C, Hepperla A, Jia L, Tcheuyap VT, Zhong H, Elias R, Ye J, Henne WM, Kapur P, Nijhawan D, Brugarolas J, Zhang Q. An oncogenic JMJD6-DGAT1 axis tunes the epigenetic regulation of lipid droplet formation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3030-3044.e8. [PMID: 35764091 PMCID: PMC9391320 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Characterized by intracellular lipid droplet accumulation, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and is a lethal disease. Through an unbiased siRNA screen of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent enzymes, which play a critical role in tumorigenesis, we identified Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) as an essential gene for ccRCC tumor development. The downregulation of JMJD6 abolished ccRCC colony formation in vitro and inhibited orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. Integrated ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses uncovered diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) as a critical JMJD6 effector. Mechanistically, JMJD6 interacted with RBM39 and co-occupied DGAT1 gene promoter with H3K4me3 to induce DGAT1 expression. JMJD6 silencing reduced DGAT1, leading to decreased lipid droplet formation and tumorigenesis. The pharmacological inhibition (or depletion) of DGAT1 inhibited lipid droplet formation in vitro and ccRCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Thus, the JMJD6-DGAT1 axis represents a potential new therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Giada Zurlo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Austin Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vanina Toffessi Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Roy Elias
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Deepak Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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14
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Wang K, Yang C, Li H, Liu X, Zheng M, Xuan Z, Mei Z, Wang H. Role of the Epigenetic Modifier JMJD6 in Tumor Development and Regulation of Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859893. [PMID: 35359945 PMCID: PMC8963961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JMJD6 is a member of the Jumonji (JMJC) domain family of histone demethylases that contributes to catalyzing the demethylation of H3R2me2 and/or H4R3me2 and regulating the expression of specific genes. JMJD6-mediated demethylation modifications are involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin structure, epigenetics, and genome integrity. The abnormal expression of JMJD6 is associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, including breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioma, prostate carcinoma, melanoma, liver carcinoma, etc. Besides, JMJD6 regulates the innate immune response and affects many biological functions, as well as may play key roles in the regulation of immune response in tumors. Given the importance of epigenetic function in tumors, targeting JMJD6 gene by modulating the role of immune components in tumorigenesis and its development will contribute to the development of a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this article, we introduce the structure and biological activities of JMJD6, followed by summarizing its roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Importantly, we highlight the potential functions of JMJD6 in the regulation of tumor immune response, as well as the development of JMJD6 targeted small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yingtan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
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15
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Teixeira CSS, Sousa SF. Current Status of the Use of Multifunctional Enzymes as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010010. [PMID: 35056904 PMCID: PMC8780674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting cancer is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Among recently proposed treatments, molecular-targeted therapies are attracting particular attention. The potential targets of such therapies include a group of enzymes that possess the capability to catalyze at least two different reactions, so-called multifunctional enzymes. The features of such enzymes can be used to good advantage in the development of potent selective inhibitors. This review discusses the potential of multifunctional enzymes as anti-cancer drug targets along with the current status of research into four enzymes which by their inhibition have already demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects in vivo, in vitro, or both. These are PFK-2/FBPase-2 (involved in glucose homeostasis), ATIC (involved in purine biosynthesis), LTA4H (involved in the inflammation process) and Jmjd6 (involved in histone and non-histone posttranslational modifications). Currently, only LTA4H and PFK-2/FBPase-2 have inhibitors in active clinical development. However, there are several studies proposing potential inhibitors targeting these four enzymes that, when used alone or in association with other drugs, may provide new alternatives for preventing cancer cell growth and proliferation and increasing the life expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. S. Teixeira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dai E, Zhu Z, Wahed S, Qu Z, Storkus WJ, Guo ZS. Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:171. [PMID: 34930302 PMCID: PMC8691037 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in the activation, differentiation and effector function(s) of immune cells. In this review, we summarize current literature related to epigenomic dynamics in immune cells impacting immune cell fate and functionality, and the immunogenicity of cancer cells. Some important immune-associated genes, such as granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, FoxP3 and STING, are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms in immune or/and cancer cells, as are immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) expressed by immune cells and tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies implementing epigenetic modulating drugs are expected to significantly impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in local immune cell populations, resulting in inhibition of immunosuppressive cells (MDSCs and Treg) and the activation of anti-tumor T effector cells, professional antigen presenting cells (APC), as well as cancer cells which can serve as non-professional APC. In the latter instance, epigenetic modulating agents may coordinately promote tumor immunogenicity by inducing de novo expression of transcriptionally repressed tumor-associated antigens, increasing expression of neoantigens and MHC processing/presentation machinery, and activating tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). ICD provides a rich source of immunogens for anti-tumor T cell cross-priming and sensitizing cancer cells to interventional immunotherapy. In this way, epigenetic modulators may be envisioned as effective components in combination immunotherapy approaches capable of mediating superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Zhu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shudipto Wahed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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17
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Wang T, Zhang R, Liu Y, Fang Z, Zhang H, Fan Y, Yang S, Xiang R. Discovery of a new class of JMJD6 inhibitors and structure-activity relationship study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 44:128109. [PMID: 33991627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
JmjC domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) has been thought as a potential target for various diseases particularly cancer. However, few selective JMJD6 inhibitors have been reported. In this investigation, molecular docking and biological activity evaluation were performed to retrieve new JMJD6 inhibitors, which led to the identification of a hit compound, J2. Further structural optimization and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis towards J2 were carried out, which gave a new potent JMJD6 inhibitor, 7p. This compound showed an IC50 value of 0.681 μM against JMJD6, but displayed no activity against other tested JmjC domain-containing protein family members, indicating good selectivity (>100 fold). Collectively, this investigation offers a selective JMJD6 inhibitor, which could be taken as a lead compound for subsequent drug discovery targeting JMJD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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18
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Alahari S, Farrell A, Ermini L, Park C, Sallais J, Roberts S, Gillmore T, Litvack M, Post M, Caniggia I. JMJD6 Dysfunction Due to Iron Deficiency in Preeclampsia Disrupts Fibronectin Homeostasis Resulting in Diminished Trophoblast Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652607. [PMID: 34055782 PMCID: PMC8149756 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to excessive fibronectin in preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disorder, remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of JMJD6, an O2- and Fe2+-dependent enzyme, in mediating placental fibronectin processing and function. MALDI-TOF identified fibronectin as a novel target of JMJD6-mediated lysyl hydroxylation, preceding fibronectin glycosylation, deposition, and degradation. In preeclamptic placentae, fibronectin accumulated primarily in lysosomes of the mesenchyme. Using primary placental mesenchymal cells (pMSCs), we found that fibronectin fibril formation and turnover were markedly impeded in preeclamptic pMSCs, partly due to impaired lysosomal degradation. JMJD6 knockdown in control pMSCs recapitulated the preeclamptic FN phenotype. Importantly, preeclamptic pMSCs had less total and labile Fe2+ and Hinokitiol treatment rescued fibronectin assembly and promoted lysosomal degradation. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that defective ECM deposition by preeclamptic pMSCs impeded HTR-8/SVneo cell migration, which was rescued upon Hinokitiol exposure. Our findings reveal new Fe2+-dependent mechanisms controlling fibronectin homeostasis/function in the placenta that go awry in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Alahari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chanho Park
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Sallais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Roberts
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Gillmore
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Litvack
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Yang Y, Wang Y. Role of Epigenetic Regulation in Plasticity of Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640369. [PMID: 33868269 PMCID: PMC8051582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), an immunosuppressive niche, plays a pivotal role in contributing to the development, progression, and immune escape of various types of cancer. Compelling evidence highlights the feasibility of cancer therapy targeting the plasticity of TIME as a strategy to retrain the immunosuppressive immune cells, including innate immune cells and T cells. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation, regulate the expression of many human genes and have been reported to be accurate in the reprogramming of TIME according to vast majority of published results. Recently, mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiome can also influence the colorectal cancer and even extraintestinal tumors via metabolites or microbiota-derived molecules. A tumor is a kind of heterogeneous disease with specificity in time and space, which is not only dependent on genetic regulation, but also regulated by epigenetics. This review summarizes the reprogramming of immune cells by epigenetic modifications in TIME and surveys the recent progress in epigenetic-based cancer clinical therapeutic approaches. We also discuss the ongoing studies and future areas of research that benefits to cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohammadinejad R, Tavakol S, Ahmadi Z, Sahebkar A. New Insight into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: The Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Mechanisms. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:679-691. [PMID: 32560613 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200619180716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is accounted as the fifth leading cause of mortality among the other cancers. Notwithstanding, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is responsible for 15-20% of breast cancer mortality. Despite many investigations, it remains incurable in part due to insufficient understanding of its exact mechanisms. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases using the keywords autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, TNBC and the combinations of these keywords. RESULTS It was found that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, so that it may decrease the viability of tumor cells or act as a cytoprotective mechanism. It then appears that using compounds having modulatory effects on autophagy is of importance in terms of induction of autophagic cell death and diminishing the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Also, ER stress can be modulated in order to stimulate apoptotic and autophagic cell death in tumor cells. CONCLUSION Perturbation in the signaling pathways related to cell survival leads to the initiation and progression of cancer. Regarding the advancement in the cancer pathology, it seems that modulation of autophagy and ER stress are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
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Zhang C, Lu X, Huang J, He H, Chen L, Liu Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Xing S, Ruan X, Yang X, Chen L, Xu D. Epigenome screening highlights that JMJD6 confers an epigenetic vulnerability and mediates sunitinib sensitivity in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e328. [PMID: 33634984 PMCID: PMC7882098 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming represents a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumorigenesis and progression. Whether there existed other epigenetic vulnerabilities that could serve as therapeutic targets remained unclear and promising. Here, we combined the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats functional screening results and multiple RCC datasets to identify JMJD6 as the potent target in RCC. JMJD6 expression correlated with poor survival outcomes of RCC patients and promoted RCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, aberrant p300 led to high JMJD6 expression, which activated a series of oncogenic crosstalk. Particularly, high-throughput sequencing data revealed that JMJD6 could assemble super-enhancers to drive a list of identity genes in kidney cancer, including VEGFA, β-catenin, and SRC. Moreover, this JMJD6-mediated oncogenic effect could be suppressed by a novel JMJD6 inhibitor (SKLB325), which was further demonstrated in RCC cells, patient-derived organoid models, and in vivo. Given the probable overlapped crosstalk between JMJD6 signature and tyrosine kinase inhibitors downstream targets, targeting JMJD6 sensitized RCC to sunitinib and was synergistic when they were combined together. Collectively, this study indicated that targeting JMJD6 was an effective approach to treat RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Xuhui Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guo ZF, Kong FL. Akt regulates RSK2 to alter phosphorylation level of H2A.X in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:187. [PMID: 33574926 PMCID: PMC7816342 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H2AX (H2A.X) is a variant of the histone H2A family. Phosphorylation of H2A.X is a marker of DNA strand breaks and the presence or absence of H2A.X is closely related to tumor susceptibility and drug resistance. The present study found that the activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt was negatively associated with H2A.X phosphorylated at the Ser16 site (H2A.X S16ph), but the mechanism of the inverse relationship remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of action between Akt and H2A.X S16ph and the exact role of this mechanism. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the regulatory association between p-Akt and H2A.X S16ph/p-RSK2, and immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to prove that Akt, RSK2 and H2A.X combine and interact in human breast cancer cells. The changes of cellular proliferation and migration induced by the interaction of Akt, RSK2 and H2A.X was determined by MTT, soft agar colony formation and cell migration experiments. The effect of interaction of Akt, RSK2 and H2A.X on cancer-promoting genes, such as PSAT-1 was determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The current study indicated that the serine/threonine kinase ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) as a kinase of H2A.X could be phosphorylated by Akt at Ser19 site. Moreover, Akt positively regulated the phosphorylation of RSK2 to inhibit phosphorylation of H2A.X, thereby affecting the affinity between RSK2 and substrate histone, promoting the survival and migration of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, Akt-mediated phosphorylation of RSK2 regulated the phosphorylation of H2A.X, thereby promoting oncogenic activity. This finding provides new insights to understand the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, Section II, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 024000, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Long Kong
- Department of Oncology, Section II, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 024000, P.R. China
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Song G, Zhu X, Xuan Z, Zhao L, Dong H, Chen J, Li Z, Song W, Jin C, Zhou M, Xie H, Zheng S, Song P. Hypermethylation of GNA14 and its tumor-suppressive role in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2318-2333. [PMID: 33500727 PMCID: PMC7797690 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, and its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Inactivation of tumor suppressors may contribute to the occurrence, progression, and recurrence of HCC. DNA methylation is a crucial mechanism involved in regulating the occurrence of HCC. Herein, we aimed to identify the key methylation-related tumor suppressors as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC. Methods: Combined analysis of TCGA and GEO databases was performed to obtain potential methylation-related tumor suppressors in HCC. Methyl-target sequencing was performed to analyze the methylation level of the GNA14 promoter. The diagnostic value of GNA14 as a predictor of HCC was evaluated in HCC tumor samples and compared with normal tissues. The functional role of GNA14 and its upstream and downstream regulatory factors were investigated by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays in vitro. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis, lung colonization, and orthotopic liver tumor model were performed to analyze the role of GNA14 in vivo. Results: The expression of GNA14 was found to be downregulated in HCC and it was negatively correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, vascular invasion, and prognosis of HCC. DNA methylation was demonstrated to be responsible for the altered expression of GNA14 and was regulated by HBV-encoded X protein (HBx). GNA14 regulated the RB pathway by promoting Notch1 cleavage to inhibit tumor proliferation, and might inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibiting the expression of JMJD6. Conclusion: GNA14 could be regulated by HBx by modulating the methylation status of its promoter. We identified GNA14 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Biswas A, Mukherjee G, Kondaiah P, Desai KV. Both EZH2 and JMJD6 regulate cell cycle genes in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1159. [PMID: 33246425 PMCID: PMC7694428 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong evidences support the critical role of Jumonji domain containing 6 (JMJD6) in progression of breast cancer. Here we explore potential partners that coregulate gene expression, to understand additional pathways that are activated by higher amounts of JMJD6. Methods We used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) data to identify factors that display gene expression similar to cells treated with JMJD6 siRNA. Using chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) against genomic regions that bind JMJD6 identified by in house and public database Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE), we confirmed JMJD6 occupancy by ChIP PCR. We tested the association of co-regulated genes with patient prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Results JMJD6 profiles overlapped with those of Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and together they appear to co-regulate a unique cassette of genes in both ER+ and ER- cells. 496 genes including aurora kinases, which are currently being tested as novel therapeutic targets in breast cancer were co-regulated in MDA MB 231 cells. JMJD6 and EZH2 neither inter-regulated nor physically interacted with one another. Since both proteins are chromatin modulators, we performed ChIP linked PCR analysis and show that JMJD6 bound in the neighbourhood of co-regulated genes, though EZH2 data did not show any peaks within 100 kb of these sites. Alignment of binding site sequences suggested that atleast two types of binding partners could offer their DNA binding properties to enrich JMJD6 at regulatory sites. In clinical samples, JMJD6 and EZH2 expression significantly correlated in both normal and tumor samples, however the strongest correlation was observed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Co-expression of JMJD6 and EZH2 imposed poorer prognosis in breast cancer. Conclusions JMJD6 and EZH2 regulate the same crucial cell cycle regulatory and therapeutic targets but their mechanisms appear to be independent of each other. Blocking of a single molecule may not axe cell proliferation completely and blocking both JMJD6 and EZH2 simultaneously may be more effective in breast cancer patients. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12885-020-07531-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India.,Current address: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Geetashree Mukherjee
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, 560029, India.,Current address: Tata Medical Center, 14 Main Arterial Road (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, 700156, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Kartiki V Desai
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India.
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Zhuang J, Huo Q, Yang F, Xie N. Perspectives on the Role of Histone Modification in Breast Cancer Progression and the Advanced Technological Tools to Study Epigenetic Determinants of Metastasis. Front Genet 2020; 11:603552. [PMID: 33193750 PMCID: PMC7658393 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.603552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process that involved in various genetic and epigenetic alterations during the progression of breast cancer. Recent evidences have indicated that the mutation in the genome sequence may not be the key factor for increasing metastatic potential. Epigenetic changes were revealed to be important for metastatic phenotypes transition with the development in understanding the epigenetic basis of breast cancer. Herein, we aim to present the potential epigenetic drivers that induce dysregulation of genes related to breast tumor growth and metastasis, with a particular focus on histone modification including histone acetylation and methylation. The pervasive role of major histone modification enzymes in cancer metastasis such as histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and so on are demonstrated and further discussed. In addition, we summarize the recent advances of next-generation sequencing technologies and microfluidic-based devices for enhancing the study of epigenomic landscapes of breast cancer. This feature also introduces several important biotechnologists for identifying robust epigenetic biomarkers and enabling the translation of epigenetic analyses to the clinic. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of epigenetic determinants in metastasis will offer new insights of breast cancer progression and can be achieved in the near future with the development of innovative epigenomic mapping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialang Zhuang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Huo
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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26
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JMJD6 Regulates Splicing of Its Own Gene Resulting in Alternatively Spliced Isoforms with Different Nuclear Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186618. [PMID: 32927736 PMCID: PMC7555845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jumonji-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) is a Fe(II) and 2-oxogluterate (2OG) dependent oxygenase involved in gene regulation through post-translationally modifying nuclear proteins. It is highly expressed in many cancer types and linked to tumor progression and metastasis. Four alternatively-spliced jmjd6 transcripts were annotated. Here, we focus on the two most abundantly expressed ones, which we call jmjd6-2 and jmjd6-Ex5. TCGA SpliceSeq data revealed a significant decrease of jmjd6-Ex5 transcripts in patients and postmortem tissue of several tumors. The two protein isoforms are distinguished by their C-terminal sequences, which include a serine-rich region (polyS-domain) in JMJD6-2 that is not present in JMJD6-Ex5. Immunoprecipitation followed by LC-MS/MS for JMJD6-Ex5 shows that different sets of proteins interact with JMJD6-2 and JMJD6-Ex5 with only a few overlaps. In particular, we found TFIIF-associating CTD phosphatase (FCP1), proteins of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and upstream binding factor (UBF) to interact with JMJD6-Ex5. Like JMJD6-2, both UBF and FCP1 comprise a polyS-domain. The polyS domain of JMJD6-2 might block the interaction with polyS-domains of other proteins. In contrast, JMJD6-2 interacts with many SR-like proteins with arginine/serine-rich (RS)-domains, including several splicing factors. In an HIV-based splicing reporter assay, co-expression of JMJD6-2 inhibited exon inclusion, whereas JMJD6-Ex5 did not have any effect. Furthermore, the silencing of jmjd6 by siRNAs favored jmjd6-Ex5 transcripts, suggesting that JMJD6 controls splicing of its own pre-mRNA. The distinct molecular properties of JMJD6-2 and JMJD6-Ex5 open a lead into the functional implications of the variations of their relative abundance in tumors.
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Wang K, Du B, Xu B, Lv X. JMJD6-STAT3 Y705ph axis promotes autophagy in osteosarcoma cancer cells by regulating ATG. Biofactors 2020; 46:839-848. [PMID: 31958364 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma cancer is a malignant tumor with poor outcome. Activation of STAT3 is closely related with tumor development. We intended to study the effects of JMJD6 on phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 site. METHODS Osteosarcoma cancer cell lines (Saos-2, MG-63, and HOS) and clinical specimens were obtained. Interference RNA or JMJD6 mimic was transfected into the cells to silence or mimic JMJD6. Immunoprecipitation assay and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull down was implemented to investigate whether JMJD6 is associated with STAT3. STAT3-null HOS cells were simultaneously transfected with the plasmids bearing STAT3WT or STAT3Y705F and EGFP-tagged LC3 plasmids. Recombinant full-length JMJD6 protein was subjected to in vitro kinase activity assay for testing its ability to phosphorylate STAT3. The severity of autophagy was indicated by the number of autophagosomes, expression of EGFP-LC3, ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, degradation percentage of long-lived proteins and expression of autophagy associated gene (ATG). RESULTS JMJD6 modulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 site in osteosarcoma cells. Results from immunoprecipitation and GST pull down assays showed that JMJD6 associated with STAT3 in osteosarcoma cells. JMJD6 silence impeded the formation of autophagosomes, inhibited the accumulation of EGFP-LC3, decreased the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, blocked the degradation of long-lived proteins, and repressed the expression of ATG. JMJD6-induced autophagy was impaired by STAT3Y705F which was not phosphorylated by JMJD6. The JMJD6-STAT3Y705ph axis was implicated in the transcriptional regulation of ATG. CONCLUSION JMJD6 was included in regulating the phosphorylation of STAT3Y705 and promoted autophagy of osteosarcoma cells through its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
- Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baoyin Du
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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Tumors Responsive to Autophagy-Inhibition: Identification and Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092463. [PMID: 32878084 PMCID: PMC7563256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the principle of personalized medicine has been the focus of attention, many cancer therapies are still based on a one-size-fits-all approach. The same holds true for targeting cancer cell survival mechanism that allows cancer cells to recycle their constituents (autophagy). In the past several indicators of elevated dependence of cancer cells on autophagy have been described. Addition of autophagy-inhibiting agents could be beneficial in treatment of these tumors. The biomarkers and mechanisms that lead to elevated dependence on autophagy are reviewed in the current manuscript. Abstract Recent advances in cancer treatment modalities reveal the limitations of the prevalent “one-size-fits-all” therapies and emphasize the necessity to develop personalized approaches. In this perspective, identification of predictive biomarkers and intrinsic vulnerabilities are an important advancement for further therapeutic strategies. Autophagy is an important lysosomal degradation and recycling pathway that provides energy and macromolecular precursors to maintain cellular homeostasis. Although all cells require autophagy, several genetic and/or cellular changes elevate the dependence of cancer cells on autophagy for their survival and indicates that autophagy inhibition in these tumors could provide a favorable addition to current therapies. In this context, we review the current literature on tumor (sub)types with elevated dependence on autophagy for their survival and highlight an exploitable vulnerability. We provide an inventory of microenvironmental factors, genetic alterations and therapies that may be exploited with autophagy-targeted approaches to improve efficacy of conventional anti-tumor therapies.
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Fages J, Chailleux C, Humbert J, Jang SM, Loehr J, Lambert JP, Côté J, Trouche D, Canitrot Y. JMJD6 participates in the maintenance of ribosomal DNA integrity in response to DNA damage. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008511. [PMID: 32598339 PMCID: PMC7351224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is the most transcribed genomic region and contains hundreds of tandem repeats. Maintaining these rDNA repeats as well as the level of rDNA transcription is essential for cellular homeostasis. DNA damages generated in rDNA need to be efficiently and accurately repaired and rDNA repeats instability has been reported in cancer, aging and neurological diseases. Here, we describe that the histone demethylase JMJD6 is rapidly recruited to nucleolar DNA damage and is crucial for the relocalisation of rDNA in nucleolar caps. Yet, JMJD6 is dispensable for rDNA transcription inhibition. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that JMJD6 interacts with the nucleolar protein Treacle and modulates its interaction with NBS1. Moreover, cells deficient for JMJD6 show increased sensitivity to nucleolar DNA damage as well as loss and rearrangements of rDNA repeats upon irradiation. Altogether our data reveal that rDNA transcription inhibition is uncoupled from rDNA relocalisation into nucleolar caps and that JMJD6 is required for rDNA stability through its role in nucleolar caps formation. Ribosomal DNA is composed of repeated sequences and is the most transcribed genomic region. Transcription of rDNA is essential for cellular homeostasis and cell proliferation. Numerous pathologies such as cancer and neurological disorders are associated with defective rDNA repeats maintenance. The mechanisms involved in the control of rDNA integrity involve major DNA repair pathways such as Non-Homologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination. However, how they are controlled and orchestrated is poorly understood. Here, we identified JMJD6 as a new member of the maintenance of rDNA integrity. We observed that JMJD6 controls the recruitment of NBS1 in the nucleolus in order to lead to the proper management of rDNA damages
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Fages
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Chailleux
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Humbert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, axe Oncologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Suk-Min Jang
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, axe Oncologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérémy Loehr
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, axe Endocrinologie et néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, axe Endocrinologie et néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, axe Oncologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Didier Trouche
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Canitrot
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Liu Y, Zhang YY, Wang SQ, Li M, Long YH, Li YF, Liu YK, Li YH, Wang YQ, Mi JS, Yu CH, Li DY, Zhang JH, Zhang XJ. WSTF acetylation by MOF promotes WSTF activities and oncogenic functions. Oncogene 2020; 39:5056-5067. [PMID: 32518374 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) is a transcription factor and tyrosine kinase. WSTF overexpression promotes migration and proliferation of various cancers, and Ser158 (WSTFS158) phosphorylation plays an important role in this process. However, the role of the other posttranslational modifications of WSTF is unknown. Here, we report that lysine (K) 426 on WSTF is acetylated by MOF and deacetylated by SIRT1. Mechanistically, male-specific lethal (MSL) 1v1 interaction with WSTF facilitates its interaction with MOF for WSTF acetylation, which in turn promotes WSTFS158 phosphorylation. The kinase and transcriptional regulatory activity of WSTF were enhanced by acetylation. WSTFK426ac levels positively and significantly correlated with tumor size, histological grade, and age. Moreover, we demonstrated that acetylated WSTF promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor formation. In conclusion, we identified the enzymes regulating WSTF K426 acetylation, and demonstrated an acetylation-dependent mechanism that modulates the activities of WSTF and contributes to tumorigenesis. Our findings provide new clues to study WSTF-mediated normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Zhang
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shu-Qing Wang
- Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Min Li
- Orthopaedic Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue-Hong Long
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Yan-Kun Liu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ya-Qi Wang
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | | | | | - De-Yan Li
- Zunhua People's Hospital, Zunhua, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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31
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Li Y, Yu P, Zou Y, Cai W, Sun W, Han N. KRas-ERK signalling promotes the onset and maintenance of uveal melanoma through regulating JMJD6-mediated H2A.X phosphorylation at tyrosine 39. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4257-4265. [PMID: 31736361 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1673764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage is a first incident occurred during a tumour attack, it is rational that histone H2A.X phosphorylation on tyrosine 39 (H2A.XY39ph) may act as a tumour-relevant factor. This study was aimed to test the authenticity of the hypothesis. Uveal melanoma MP65 cells were transfected for expression of KRas mutated. H2A.X phosphorylation and ERK1/2 was measured, and transwell experiment was performed to examine the consequents of H2A.XY39ph on MP65 cells developing and migration. Regulatory relationship between H2A.XY39ph and ERK1/2 downstream genes were measured. Moreover, whether JMJD6 and MDM2 are involved in H2A.X phosphorylation was studied. Mutation of Ras activated ERK1/2 signalling and inhibited H2A.X phosphorylation at Y39. Silence of H2A.XY39ph contributed to the regulation of MP65 cells growth, migration and transcription of ERK1/2 downstream genes, including CYR61, IGFBP3, WNT16B, NT5E, GDF15 and CARD16. The repressed H2A.X phosphorylation through Ras-ERK1/2 signalling might be through MDM2-mediated JMJD6 degradation. Our study suggested that Ras-ERK1/2 signalling inhibited H2A.X phosphorylation at Y39, which led to the uncontrolled developing and migration of uveal melanoma cells. In addition, H2A.X phosphorylation was mediated possibly through JMJD6 which could be degraded by MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenrui Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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32
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Nandy D, Rajam SM, Dutta D. A three layered histone epigenetics in breast cancer metastasis. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:52. [PMID: 32257110 PMCID: PMC7106732 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the advancement in science and technology and a significant number of cancer research programs being carried out throughout the world, the prevention, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer are improving with a positive and steady pace. However, a stern thoughtful attention is required for the metastatic breast cancer cases—the deadliest of all types of breast cancer, with a character of relapse even when treated. In an effort to explore the less travelled avenues, we summarize here studies underlying the aspects of histone epigenetics in breast cancer metastasis. Authoritative reviews on breast cancer epigenetics are already available; however, there is an urgent need to focus on the epigenetics involved in metastatic character of this cancer. Here we put forward a comprehensive review on how different layers of histone epigenetics comprising of histone chaperones, histone variants and histone modifications interplay to create breast cancer metastasis landscape. Finally, we propose a hypothesis of integrating histone-epigenetic factors as biomarkers that encompass different breast cancer subtypes and hence could be exploited as a target of larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debparna Nandy
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
| | - Sruthy Manuraj Rajam
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
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Yang J, Chen S, Yang Y, Ma X, Shao B, Yang S, Wei Y, Wei X. Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 protein and its role in cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12747. [PMID: 31961032 PMCID: PMC7046477 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The jumonji domain‐containing protein 6 (JMJD6) is a Fe(II)‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG)‐dependent oxygenase that catalyses lysine hydroxylation and arginine demethylation of histone and non‐histone peptides. Recently, the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of JMJD6 has also been reported. The JMJD6 has been implicated in embryonic development, cellular proliferation and migration, self‐tolerance induction in the thymus, and adipocyte differentiation. Not surprisingly, abnormal expression of JMJD6 may contribute to the development of many diseases, such as neuropathic pain, foot‐and‐mouth disease, gestational diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C and various types of cancer. In the present review, we summarized the structure and functions of JMJD6, with particular emphasis on the role of JMJD6 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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34
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Elia LP, Reisine T, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Approaches to develop therapeutics to treat frontotemporal dementia. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107948. [PMID: 31962288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a complex disease presenting as a spectrum of clinical disorders with progressive degeneration of frontal and temporal brain cortices and extensive neuroinflammation that result in personality and behavior changes, and eventually, death. There are currently no effective therapies for FTD. While 60-70% of FTD patients are sporadic cases, the other 30-40% are heritable (familial) cases linked to mutations in several known genes. We focus here on FTD caused by mutations in the GRN gene, which encodes a secreted protein, progranulin (PGRN), that has diverse roles in regulating cell survival, immune responses, and autophagy and lysosome function in the brain. FTD-linked mutations in GRN reduce brain PGRN levels that lead to autophagy and lysosome dysfunction, TDP43 accumulation, excessive microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuron death through still poorly understood mechanisms. PGRN insufficiency has also been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and so the development of therapeutics for GRN-linked FTD that restore PGRN levels and function may have broader application for other neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on a strategy to increase PGRN to functional, healthy levels in the brain by identifying novel genetic and chemical modulators of neuronal PGRN levels. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Terry Reisine
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Amela Alijagic
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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35
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Duforestel M, Briand J, Bougras-Cartron G, Heymann D, Frenel JS, Vallette FM, Cartron PF. Cell-free circulating epimarks in cancer monitoring. Epigenomics 2020; 12:145-155. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer numbers increasing, cases heterogeneity and the drug resistance emergence have pushed scientists to search for innovative solutions for patients and epimutations can be one. Methylated DNA, modified nucleosomes and noncoding RNAs are found in all cells, including tumor cells. They are intracellular actors but also have intercellular communication roles, being released in extracellular environment and in different body fluids. Here, we reviewed current literature on the use of these blood circulating epimarks in cancer monitoring. What stands out is that epimarkers must be considered as ‘real time’ images of the tumor, and can be isolated without invasive methods. In the future, the real challenge lies in the development of specific, sensitive, fast and clinically applicable detection and analysis methods of epimarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duforestel
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
| | - Joséphine Briand
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
| | - Gwenola Bougras-Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
| | - Dominique Heymann
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Frenel
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Site René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
- LabEX IGO, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Equipe Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Niches & Epigenetics of Tumors Network from Cancéropôle Grand Ouest
- EpiSAVMEN Network (Région Pays de la Loire)
- LabEX IGO, Université de Nantes, France
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36
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Cheng Y, He C, Wang M, Ma X, Mo F, Yang S, Han J, Wei X. Targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer therapy: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:62. [PMID: 31871779 PMCID: PMC6915746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alternations concern heritable yet reversible changes in histone or DNA modifications that regulate gene activity beyond the underlying sequence. Epigenetic dysregulation is often linked to human disease, notably cancer. With the development of various drugs targeting epigenetic regulators, epigenetic-targeted therapy has been applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies and has exhibited viable therapeutic potential for solid tumors in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the aberrant functions of enzymes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and histone methylation during tumor progression and highlight the development of inhibitors of or drugs targeted at epigenetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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37
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Guo B, Wang L, Qin X, Shen Y, Ma C. Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 functions as a marker of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at advanced stage with no effect on prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5843-5852. [PMID: 31788057 PMCID: PMC6865058 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have reported the upregulation and functional roles of Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) in various types of cancer. However, little is known regarding the clinical significance of JMJD6 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly in terms of large-cohort data. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was performed, using the University of California Santa Cruz Xena Browser and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 server, based on the Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC cohort. In addition, a validation cohort was constructed based on 98 HNSCC cases. JMJD6 overexpression and knockdown, colony-formation, Transwell and cell viability assays were performed. JMJD6 was highly expressed in HNSCC samples and was associated with advanced pathological stage. However, no significant association was observed between JMJD6 expression levels and overall survival or disease-free survival times of patients with HNSCC. Subsequent in vitro assays indicated that overexpression of JMJD6 promoted malignant progression of HNSCC, by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nevertheless, JMJD6 overexpression had no significant effects on the viability of HNSCC cells treated with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin. Thus, it can be concluded that JMJD6 may function as a marker of HNSCC at advanced stage, however with no effect on drug resistance or prognosis. For patients with advanced HNSCC and high JMJD6 expression, rational chemotherapy may be more beneficial than radical surgery, considering their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xingjun Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyue Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Oncology, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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38
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Qi Y, Zhao Y. CBP-triggered KDM2B acetylation accelerates the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2901-2910. [PMID: 31531877 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B) has been testified to be an oncogene in diverse cancers, which joins in mediating the carcinogenesis of cancers. Nonetheless, the function of KDM2B in colon cancer remains unexplored. The study attempted to disclose the influences of KDM2B acetylation in the progression of colon cancer. SW48 and SUN-C1 cells were transfected with Flag-KDM2B and administrated by trichostatin A and nicotinamide for 24 hr. Immunoprecipitation with a Flag antibody followed by western blot with acetyl-lysine-specific antibody was executed to detect KDM2B acetylation. The correlation between CREB binding protein (CBP) and KDM2B was then investigated. The K-R and K-Q mutants were constructed and the impacts of KDM2B on demethylation of nucleosomal substrates, p21, and puma transcription and the carcinogenesis of colon cancer were probed. CBP immediately evoked KDM2B acetylation at lysine residue 765 in colon cancer cells. Acetylation of KDM2B obviously destroyed the relevance with nucleosomes, demethylation of nucleosomal substrates, and repressed p21 and puma transcription. More important, KDM2B acetylation restrained SUN-C1 cells proliferation and colony formation, meanwhile, hindered cell migration and invasion. Beyond that, the tumor formation was repressed by KDM2B acetylation. The observations testified that CBP-triggered KDM2B acetylation accelerated the carcinogenesis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Qi
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China.,Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanning Zhao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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39
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Ge Y, Liu BL, Cui JP, Li SQ. Livin promotes colon cancer progression by regulation of H2A.X Y39ph via JMJD6. Life Sci 2019; 234:116788. [PMID: 31445935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Livin is an important member of the human inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family. IAPs are proteins with antiapoptotic abilities, and their functions are different from the Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family proteins. However, the precise role of Livin in colon cancer progression remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of overexpression Livin in colon cancer cells and to examine its molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that Livin induced a colon cancer phenotype, including proliferation and migration, by regulating H2A.XY39ph (histone family 2A variant (H2AX) phosphorylated on the 39th serine site). We elucidated that Livin degraded Jumonji-C domain-containing 6 protein (JMJD6), which was mediated by the proteasome murine double minute 2 (MDM2), thereby regulating H2A.XY39ph. Above all, the overexpression of JMJD6 recovered H2A.XY39ph in colon cancer cells with a high level of Livin, thus inhibiting colon cancer malignancy progression. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for Livin in regulating the tumor-initiating capacity in colon cancer and provide a novel treatment strategy in cancer via the interruption of H2A.XY39ph function and the interaction between H2A.XY39ph and JMJD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- The Six Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- The Six Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jun-Peng Cui
- The Six Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Li
- The Six Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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40
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Reyes-Gutierrez P, Carrasquillo-Rodríguez JW, Imbalzano AN. Promotion of adipogenesis by JMJD6 requires the AT hook-like domain and is independent of its catalytic function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216015. [PMID: 31430278 PMCID: PMC6701753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
JMJD6 is a member of the Jumonji C domain containing enzymes that demethylate and/or hydroxylate substrate proteins. It is a multi-functional protein that has been implicated in disparate aspects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression, including but not limited to enhancer and promoter binding, release of paused RNA polymerase II, control of splicing, and interaction with the translation machinery. JMJD6 contributes to multiple aspects of animal development, including adipogenesis modeled in culture. We mutated proposed or characterized domains in the JMJD6 protein to better understand the requirement for JMJD6 in adipogenic differentiation. Mutation of JMJD6 amino acids that mediate binding of iron and 2-oxogluterate, which are required cofactors for enzymatic activity, had no impact on JMJD6 function, showing that catalytic activity is not required for JMJD6 contributions to adipogenic differentiation. In addition, we documented the formation of JMJD6 oligomers and showed that catalytic activity is not required for oligomerization, as has been reported previously. We also observed no effect of mutations in the sumoylation site and in the poly-serine stretch. In contrast, mutation of the AT hook-like structure, which mediates interaction with DNA and/or RNA, compromised JMJD6 function by blocking its ability to interact with chromatin at genes that express regulators of adipogenesis. The ability of JMJD6 to interact with nucleic acids may be a critical requirement for its function in adipogenic differentiation. The requirement for the AT hook-like domain and the lack of requirement for catalytic activity giving rise to the idea that co-activation of transcription by JMJD6 may be functioning as a scaffold protein that supports the interactions of other critical regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Reyes-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jake W. Carrasquillo-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ying H, Ying B, Zhang J, Kong D. Sirt1 modulates H3 phosphorylation and facilitates osteosarcoma cell autophagy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3374-3381. [PMID: 31390921 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1648280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boda Ying
- Department of Joint Surgery of Orthopaedic Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Shin JY, Son J, Kim WS, Gwak J, Ju BG. Jmjd6a regulates GSK3β RNA splicing in Xenopus laevis eye development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219800. [PMID: 31361752 PMCID: PMC6667200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that Jmjd6 plays an important role in gene regulation through its demethylation or hydroxylation activity on histone and transcription factors. In addition, Jmjd6 has been shown to regulate RNA splicing by interaction with splicing factors. In this study, we demonstrated that Jmjd6a is expressed in developing Xenopus laevis eye during optic vesicle formation and retinal layer differentiation stages. Knockdown of Jmjd6a by an antisense morpholino resulted in eye malformation including a deformed retinal layer and no lens formation. We further found down-regulation of gene expression related to eye development such as Rx1, Otx2, and Pax6 in Jmjd6a morpholino injected embryos. Jmjd6 interacts with splicing factor U2AF25 and GSK3β RNA in the anterior region of Xenopus embryos. Knockdown of Jmjd6a led to deletion of GSK3β RNA exon 1 and 2, which resulted in generation of N’-terminal truncated GSK3β protein. This event further caused decreased phosphorylation of β-catenin and subsequently increased β-catenin stability. Therefore, our result may suggest that Jmjd6a plays an important role in Xenopus eye development through regulation of GSK3β RNA splicing and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yoon Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongin Son
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsug Gwak
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu Z, Yang L, Zhong C, Zhou L. EZH2 regulates H2B phosphorylation and elevates colon cancer cell autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1494-1503. [PMID: 31283006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, especially histone modification, play vital roles in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Upregulation of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported to contribute to the initiation and progression of colon cancer. This study analyzed the association between EZH2 and phosphorylation of H2B at tyrosine 37 (H2BY37ph ) in colon cancer tissues and cells, along with the influences of the EZH2-H2BY37ph axis on colon cancer cell autophagy. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to assess EZH2 and H2BY37ph expressions in clinical samples of colon cancer. Cell transfection was carried out to alter EZH2 and H2BY37ph expressions in colon cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull down assay were conducted to analyze the association between EZH2 and H2BY37ph . Western blotting was utilized to measure proteins expressions related to cell autophagy. We found that there was a positive association between EZH2 and H2BY37ph in colon cancer tissues and cells. EZH2 directly interacted with H2B and promoted H2BY37ph in colon cancer cells using ATP as a phosphate donor. Moreover, EZH2 levated colon cancer cell autophagy in starvation condition. H2BY37ph was required for EZH2-elevated colon cancer cell autophagy under starvation condition. The EZH2-H2BY37ph axis elevated colon cancer cell autophagy possibly via activating transcriptional regulation of ATG genes. In conclusion, EZH2-elevated colon cancer initiation and progression at least in part via inducing colon cancer cell autophagy. EZH2 could phosphorylate H2BY37 and then induce transcription activation of ATG genes in colon cancer cells under starvation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China.,Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chongbai Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Zoucheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zoucheng, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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Oh S, Shin S, Janknecht R. The small members of the JMJD protein family: Enzymatic jewels or jinxes? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:406-418. [PMID: 31034925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins are mostly epigenetic regulators that demethylate histones. However, a hitherto neglected subfamily of JMJD proteins, evolutionarily distant and characterized by their relatively small molecular weight, exerts different functions by hydroxylating proteins and RNA. Recently, unsuspected proteolytic and tyrosine kinase activities were also ascribed to some of these small JMJD proteins, further increasing their enzymatic versatility. Here, we discuss the ten human small JMJD proteins (HIF1AN, HSPBAP1, JMJD4, JMJD5, JMJD6, JMJD7, JMJD8, RIOX1, RIOX2, TYW5) and their diverse physiological functions. In particular, we focus on the roles of these small JMJD proteins in cancer and other maladies and how they are modulated in diseased cells by an altered metabolic milieu, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species and oncometabolites. Because small JMJD proteins are enzymes, they are amenable to inhibition by small molecules and may represent novel targets in the therapy of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Elia LP, Mason AR, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Genetic Regulation of Neuronal Progranulin Reveals a Critical Role for the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3332-3344. [PMID: 30696728 PMCID: PMC6788815 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3498-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient progranulin levels cause dose-dependent neurological syndromes: haploinsufficiency leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and nullizygosity produces adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mechanisms controlling progranulin levels are largely unknown. To better understand progranulin regulation, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen using an ELISA-based platform to discover genes that regulate progranulin levels in neurons. We identified 830 genes that raise or lower progranulin levels by at least 1.5-fold in Neuro2a cells. When inhibited by siRNA or some by submicromolar concentrations of small-molecule inhibitors, 33 genes of the druggable genome increased progranulin levels in mouse primary cortical neurons; several of these also raised progranulin levels in FTLD model mouse neurons. "Hit" genes regulated progranulin by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of hit genes from the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), suggesting a key role for this pathway in regulating progranulin levels. Progranulin itself regulates lysosome function. We found progranulin deficiency in neurons increased autophagy and caused abnormally enlarged lysosomes and boosting progranulin levels restored autophagy and lysosome size to control levels. Our data link the ALP to neuronal progranulin: progranulin levels are regulated by autophagy and, in turn, progranulin regulates the ALP. Restoring progranulin levels by targeting genetic modifiers reversed FTLD functional deficits, opening up potential opportunities for future therapeutics development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Progranulin regulates neuron and immune functions and is implicated in aging. Loss of one functional allele causes haploinsufficiency and leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the second leading cause of dementia. Progranulin gene polymorphisms are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and complete loss of function causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Despite the critical role of progranulin levels in neurodegenerative disease risk, almost nothing is known about their regulation. We performed an unbiased screen and identified specific pathways controlling progranulin levels in neurons. Modulation of these pathways restored levels in progranulin-deficient neurons and reversed FTLD phenotypes. We provide a new comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of progranulin levels and identify potential targets to treat FTLD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Amanda R Mason
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, and
| | - Amela Alijagic
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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