1
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Ping P, Li J, Xu X. The value of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting the response and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379508. [PMID: 38860167 PMCID: PMC11163051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, abnormalities in plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) have been proven to be related to the risk of cancer, but their prognostic value for cancer is unclear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the response and prognostic significance of plasma omega-3 PUFAs in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between omega-3 PUFAs and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) levels. Methods: A total of 89 patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT were evaluated retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent predictors related to complete response (CR) after CCRT. A Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analysis were utilized to perform survival analysis. Results: According to multivariate logistic regression analyses, a high level of plasma EPA was independently correlated with an increased incidence of CR after CCRT (odds ratio (OR), 0.980; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.962-0.999, p = 0.038). With a median follow-up of 41.3 months, the CSCC patients in the high EPA (≥46.0 nmol/mL) group exhibited longer OS and PFS. According to our multivariate analysis, pretreatment plasma EPA level was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT (hazard ratio (HR), 0.263; 95% CI, 0.089-0.782, p = 0.016). However, it was not an independent prognostic factor of OS. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed was a negative correlation between pretreatment SCC-Ag (pre SCC-Ag) levels and EPA levels (r = -0.305, p = 0.004), and a weak negative correlation between posttreatment SCC-Ag (post SCC-Ag) levels and EPA levels (r = -0.251, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Plasma omega-3 PUFAs are related to the response and survival outcome of patients with CSCC who underwent CCRT. Pretreatment plasma EPA levels may be a promising biomarker for predicting the response and prognosis of patients with CSCC who undergo CCRT. In addition, the pretreatment plasma EPA levels presented a negative correlation with the SCC-Ag levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Li
- *Correspondence: Juan Li, ; Xiaoying Xu,
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2
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Kashyap D, Salman H. Targeting Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 and EphA2 in Aggressive Breast Cancer Subtypes with Special References to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3780. [PMID: 38612592 PMCID: PMC11011362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCA) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. This review delves into the therapeutic challenges of BCA, emphasizing the roles of interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) in tumor progression and resistance. Highlighting their overexpression in BCA, particularly in aggressive subtypes, such as Her-2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we discuss the potential of these receptors as targets for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. We examine the structural and functional roles of IL-13Rα2 and EphA2, their pathological significance in BCA, and the promising therapeutic avenues their targeting presents. With an in-depth analysis of current immunotherapeutic strategies, including the limitations of existing treatments and the potential of dual antigen-targeting CAR T-cell therapies, this review aims to summarize potential future novel, more effective therapeutic interventions for BCA. Through a thorough examination of preclinical and clinical studies, it underlines the urgent need for targeted therapies in combating the high mortality rates associated with Her-2-enriched and TNBC subtypes and discusses the potential role of IL-13Rα2 and EphA2 as promising candidates for the development of CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huda Salman
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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3
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Pasquale EB. Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:5-27. [PMID: 37996538 PMCID: PMC11015936 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence implicating Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands (that together make up the 'Eph system') in cancer development and progression has been accumulating since the discovery of the first Eph receptor approximately 35 years ago. Advances in the past decade and a half have considerably increased the understanding of Eph receptor-ephrin signalling mechanisms in cancer and have uncovered intriguing new roles in cancer progression and drug resistance. This Review focuses mainly on these more recent developments. I provide an update on the different mechanisms of Eph receptor-ephrin-mediated cell-cell communication and cell autonomous signalling, as well as on the interplay of the Eph system with other signalling systems. I further discuss recent advances in elucidating how the Eph system controls tumour expansion, invasiveness and metastasis, supports cancer stem cells, and drives therapy resistance. In addition to functioning within cancer cells, the Eph system also mediates the reciprocal communication between cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. The involvement of the Eph system in tumour angiogenesis is well established, but recent findings also demonstrate roles in immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Lastly, I discuss strategies under evaluation for therapeutic targeting of Eph receptors-ephrins in cancer and conclude with an outlook on promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Al-Shumary DS, Al-Shammari AM, Rasheed MN. Increased Expression of the ABCA1 and ABCA3 Transporter Genes is Associated with Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3969-3977. [PMID: 38019257 PMCID: PMC10772763 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) is a highly malignant neoplasm with resistance to therapeutics that are related to genes associated with multidrug resistance. The excessive expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs) genes, including ABCA1 and ABCA3, is a primary factor contributing to the increased effluent of cell-toxic drugs and subsequent treatment resistance. Therefore, the current work aimed to explore the role of ABCA1 and ABCA3 in chemoresistance activity against cisplatin in breast cancer cells. METHODS The current study compared the AMJ13 breast cancer cells derived from a woman Iraqi patient, which are hormone receptor-negative, with MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which are hormone receptor-positive. Cytotoxic assay (CCK-8 assay) is used to measure the cell's viability and cytotoxic activity after it has been treated with cisplatin. Morphological Study using crystal violet stain to examine cytological changes was conducted. Quantitative RT-PCR is used to measure how much the ABCA1, and 3 genes mRNA are being expressed before and after treatment. RESULTS The CCK-8 assay found that IC50 values of cisplatin in AMJ13 and MCF-7 cells were 202.2 µg/ml and 90.23 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of AMJ13 is 2-fold higher than in MCF-7 cells. The QPCR study revealed that breast cancer cell lines AMJ13 and MCF-7 subjected to cisplatin showed upregulated levels of ABCA1 and ABCA3 expression. Experiments with cytotoxicity assays demonstrate that higher expression of ABCA1 and ABCA3 in AMJ13 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines is linked to their resistance. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the ABCA1 and ABCA3 transporters play a significant role in the resistance to cisplatin and,.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Marrib N. Rasheed
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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5
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Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Huerta-Yepez S. The Involvement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Apoptosis Mechanisms and Their Implications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11691. [PMID: 37511450 PMCID: PMC10380946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global public health issue and, despite advancements in detection and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Cancer is a complex disease characterized by various hallmarks, including dysregulation in apoptotic cell death pathways. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that efficiently eliminates damaged cells. Several studies have indicated the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in apoptosis, including omega-3 PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. However, the role of omega-6 PUFAs, such as linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, in apoptosis is controversial, with some studies supporting their activation of apoptosis and others suggesting inhibition. These PUFAs are essential fatty acids, and Western populations today have a high consumption rate of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on presenting the diverse molecular mechanisms evidence in both in vitro and in vivo models, to help clarify the controversial involvement of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in apoptosis mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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6
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Chen F, Lu Y, Lin J, Kang R, Liu J. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer and cell death. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37300482 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cholesterol is a type of lipid that plays a crucial role in building and maintaining cell membranes, producing certain hormones, and aiding in digestion. The two main types of cholesterol are low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, and maintaining a healthy balance between them is essential for cellular function and organism health. RECENT ADVANCES Cholesterol metabolism is a complex and dynamic process that involves biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, and esterification. Disruptions in cholesterol metabolism are implicated in all stages of cancer, contributing to drug resistance, immune evasion, and autophagy dysfunction. These disruptions have also been linked to various types of regulated cell death, such as apoptosis, anoikis, lysosome-dependent cell death, pyroptosis, NETosis, necroptosis, entosis, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, immunogenic cell death, and paraptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between cholesterol metabolism and cell death and their impact on cancer development and progression is still a significant challenge. Additionally, there is currently a lack of reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect cholesterol metabolism dysregulation in cancer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To develop more specific and effective cholesterol metabolism-targeted therapies, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which cholesterol metabolism dysregulation contributes to cell death and cancer progression is needed. Additionally, improving the accuracy and reliability of biomarkers will be crucial for monitoring and diagnosing cholesterol-related cancer subtypes and evaluating the effectiveness of cholesterol metabolism-targeted therapies. These efforts will require ongoing research and collaboration among multidisciplinary teams of scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, 26468, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yanjiao Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, 26468, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Junhao Lin
- Guangzhou Medical University, 26468, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Rui Kang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, 5323 Harry Hine Blvd, Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390;
| | - Jiao Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, 26468, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
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7
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Theinel MH, Nucci MP, Alves AH, Dias OFM, Mamani JB, Garrigós MM, Oliveira FA, Rego GNA, Valle NME, Cianciarullo G, Gamarra LF. The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061310. [PMID: 36986040 PMCID: PMC10052714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included and examined based on five topics, taking into account: the induction type of the breast cancer used in animal models; the characteristics of the induction model by cell transplantation; the experimental design of the ω-3 supplementation—combined or not with a treatment antitumor drug; the fatty acids (FAs) composition used; the analysis of the studies’ outcomes. There are diverse and well-established animal models of breast cancer in the literature, with very relevant histological and molecular similarities depending on the specific objective of the study, such as whether the method of tumor induction was transgenic, by cell transplantation, or by oncogenic drugs. The analyses of outcomes were mainly focused on monitoring tumor growth, body/tumor weight, and molecular, genetic, or histological analyses, and few studies evaluated latency, survival, or metastases. The best results occurred when supplementation with ω-3 PUFA was associated with antitumor drugs, especially in the analysis of metastases and volume/weight of tumors or when the supplementation was started early and maintained for a long time. However, the beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation when not associated with an antitumor agent remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- LIM44–Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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8
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Eph Receptors in Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020315. [PMID: 36830852 PMCID: PMC9953285 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases play critical functions during development, in the formation of tissue and organ borders, and the vascular and neural systems. Uniquely among tyrosine kinases, their activities are controlled by binding to membrane-bound ligands, called ephrins. Ephs and ephrins generally have a low expression in adults, functioning mainly in tissue homeostasis and plasticity, but are often overexpressed in cancers, where they are especially associated with undifferentiated or progenitor cells, and with tumour development, vasculature, and invasion. Mutations in Eph receptors also occur in various tumour types and are suspected to promote tumourigenesis. Ephs and ephrins have the capacity to operate as both tumour promoters and tumour suppressors, depending on the circumstances. They have been demonstrated to impact tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumour development, angiogenesis, and metastases in vivo, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, successful development of therapies will require detailed understanding of the opposing roles of Ephs in various cancers. In this review, we discuss the variations in Eph expression and functions in a variety of malignancies. We also describe the multiple strategies that are currently available to target them in tumours, including preclinical and clinical development.
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9
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Park JH, Myung JK, Lee SJ, Kim H, Kim S, Lee SB, Jang H, Jang WI, Park S, Yang H, Shim S, Kim MJ. ABCA1-Mediated EMT Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Malignancy through the ERK/Fra-1/ZEB1 Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020274. [PMID: 36672209 PMCID: PMC9857273 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent histological type of thyroid cancer (TC) worldwide. Although tumor metastasis occurs in regional lymph nodes, distant metastasis (DM) may also occur. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is an effective treatment for TC; however, resistance to RAI occurs in patients with DM. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the efficacy of DM-related biomarkers as therapeutic targets for PTC therapy. ABCA1 expression was higher in aggressive BCPAP cells than in other PTC cells in terms of migration and invasion capacity. The knockdown of ABCA1 substantially decreased the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, N-cadherin, and EMT regulator (ZEB1), resulting in suppressed migration and invasion of BCPAP cells. ABCA1 knockdown also reduced ERK activity and Fra-1 expression, which correlated with the effects of an ERK inhibitor or siRNA-mediated inhibition of ERK or Fra-1 expression. Furthermore, ABCA1-knocked-down BCPAP cells suppressed cell migration and invasion by reducing Fra-1 recruitment to Zeb1 promoter; lung metastasis was not observed in mice injected with ABCA1-knocked-down cells. Overall, our findings suggest that ABCA1 regulates lung metastasis in TC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Departments of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Departments of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Departments of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Departments of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Biohealth Convergence, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5875 (S.S.); Fax: +82-2-3399-5870 (S.S.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5875 (S.S.); Fax: +82-2-3399-5870 (S.S.)
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Scully T, Ettela A, Kase N, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Unregulated LDL cholesterol uptake is detrimental to breast cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:ERC-22-0234. [PMID: 36256855 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor uptake of exogenous cholesterol has been associated with the proliferation of various cancers. Previously, we and others have shown that hypercholesterolemia promotes tumor growth and silencing of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in high LDLR-expressing tumors reduces growth. To advance understanding of how LDL uptake promotes tumor growth, LDLR expression was amplified in breast cancer cell lines with endogenously low LDLR expression. Murine (Mvt1) and human (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cell lines were transduced to overexpress human LDLR (LDLROE). Successful transduction was confirmed by RNA and protein analysis. Fluorescence-labeled LDL uptake was increased in both Mvt1 and MDA-MD-468 LDLROE cells. The expression of the cholesterol-metabolizing genes, ABCA1 and ABCG1, was increased, while HMGCR was decreased in the MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells. In contrast, Mvt1 LDLROE cells showed no differences in Abca1 and Abcg1 expression and increased Hmgcr expression. Using a Seahorse analyzer, Mvt1 LDLROE cells showed increased respiration (ATP-linked and maximal) relative to controls, while no statistically significant changes in respiration in MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells were observed. Growth of LDLROE cells was reduced in culture and in hypercholesterolemic mice by two-fold. However, the expression of proliferation-associated markers (Ki67, PCNA and BrdU-label incorporation) was not decreased in the Mvt1 LDLROE tumors and cells. Caspase-3 cleavage, which is associated with apoptosis, was increased in both the Mvt1 and MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells relative to controls, with the Mvt1 LDLROE cells also showing decreased phosphorylation of p44/42MAPK. Taken together, our work suggests that while additional LDL can promote tumor growth, unregulated and prolonged LDL uptake is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Scully
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abora Ettela
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan Kase
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Jane Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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EPH/Ephrin-Targeting Treatment in Breast Cancer: A New Chapter in Breast Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315275. [PMID: 36499598 PMCID: PMC9740341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (EPHs), receptor tyrosine kinases binding the membrane-bound proteins ephrins, are differentially expressed in BC, and correlate with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. With a view to examining available therapeutics targeting the EPH/ephrin system in BC, a literature review was conducted, using the MEDLINE, LIVIVO, and Google Scholar databases. EPHA2 is the most studied EPH/ephrin target in BC treatment. The targeting of EPHA2, EPHA10, EPHB4, ephrin-A2, ephrin-A4, as well as ephrin-B2 in BC cells or xenograft models is associated with apoptosis induction, tumor regression, anticancer immune response activation, and impaired cell motility. In conclusion, EPHs/ephrins seem to represent promising future treatment targets in BC.
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12
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Maja M, Tyteca D. Alteration of cholesterol distribution at the plasma membrane of cancer cells: From evidence to pathophysiological implication and promising therapy strategy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999883. [PMID: 36439249 PMCID: PMC9682260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched domains are nowadays proposed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, death and invasion, with important implications in tumor progression. They could therefore represent promising targets for new anticancer treatment. However, although diverse strategies have been developed over the years from directly targeting cholesterol membrane content/distribution to adjusting sterol intake, all approaches present more or less substantial limitations. Those data emphasize the need to optimize current strategies, to develop new specific cholesterol-targeting anticancer drugs and/or to combine them with additional strategies targeting other lipids than cholesterol. Those objectives can only be achieved if we first decipher (i) the mechanisms that govern the formation and deformation of the different types of cholesterol-enriched domains and their interplay in healthy cells; (ii) the mechanisms behind domain deregulation in cancer; (iii) the potential generalization of observations in different types of cancer; and (iv) the specificity of some alterations in cancer vs. non-cancer cells as promising strategy for anticancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the homeostasis, roles and membrane distribution of cholesterol in non-tumorigenic cells. We will then integrate documented alterations of cholesterol distribution in domains at the surface of cancer cells and the mechanisms behind their contribution in cancer processes. We shall finally provide an overview on the potential strategies developed to target those cholesterol-enriched domains in cancer therapy.
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13
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Qu B, Han Y, Liang T, Zhang C, Hou G, Gao F. Evaluation of a novel EphA2 targeting peptide for triple negative breast cancer based on radionuclide molecular imaging. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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14
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Gao J, Jung M, Williams RT, Hui D, Russell AJ, Naim AJ, Kamili A, Clifton M, Bongers A, Mayoh C, Ho G, Scott CL, Jessup W, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ. Suppression of the ABCA1 Cholesterol Transporter Impairs the Growth and Migration of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081878. [PMID: 35454786 PMCID: PMC9029800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Over 80% of cases have already spread at diagnosis, and these patients face a five-year survival rate of 35%. EOC cells often spread to the greater omentum, an abdominal fat pad. Here, EOC cells take-up cholesterols. Excessive amounts of cholesterol are lethal; thus, we proposed that the ABCA1 cholesterol transporter exports cholesterol from serous EOC cells to maintain cholesterol balance. Indeed, we found that reducing the level of ABCA1 could suppress serous EOC growth in two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional cell culture and also hindered their migration, a key process required for cancer spread. We also identified drugs that impair EOC cell growth by inhibiting cholesterol export. Our data demonstrate that disrupting the cholesterol balance by targeting ABCA1 may be an effective treatment strategy for EOC patients. Abstract Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with over 80% of cases already disseminated at diagnosis and facing a dismal five-year survival rate of 35%. EOC cells often spread to the greater omentum where they take-up cholesterol. Excessive amounts of cholesterol can be cytocidal, suggesting that cholesterol efflux through transporters may be important to maintain homeostasis, and this may explain the observation that high expression of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) cholesterol transporter has been associated with poor outcome in EOC patients. Methods: ABCA1 expression was silenced in EOC cells to investigate the effect of inhibiting cholesterol efflux on EOC biology through growth and migration assays, three-dimensional spheroid culture and cholesterol quantification. Results: ABCA1 suppression significantly reduced the growth, motility and colony formation of EOC cell lines as well as the size of EOC spheroids, whilst stimulating expression of ABCA1 reversed these effects. In serous EOC cells, ABCA1 suppression induced accumulation of cholesterol. Lowering cholesterol levels using methyl-B-cyclodextrin rescued the effect of ABCA1 suppression, restoring EOC growth. Furthermore, we identified FDA-approved agents that induced cholesterol accumulation and elicited cytocidal effects in EOC cells. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the importance of ABCA1 in maintaining cholesterol balance and malignant properties in EOC cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Gao
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - MoonSun Jung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rebekka T. Williams
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Danica Hui
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Amanda J. Russell
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Naim
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Molly Clifton
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gwo Ho
- Australia Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (G.H.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Clare L. Scott
- Australia Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (G.H.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Wendy Jessup
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia;
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Murray D. Norris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle J. Henderson
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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Hyaluronic acid-coated shikonin liposomes for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer via targeting tumor cells and amplification of oxidative stress. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Abdulla N, Vincent CT, Kaur M. Mechanistic Insights Delineating the Role of Cholesterol in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728325. [PMID: 34869315 PMCID: PMC8640133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements made in targeted anti-cancer therapy, drug resistance constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon leading to therapy failure and ultimately mortality. Emerging experimental evidence highlight a role of cholesterol metabolism in facilitating drug resistance in cancer. This review aims to describe the role of cholesterol in facilitating multi-drug resistance in cancer. We focus on specific signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance and the link between these pathways and cholesterol. Additionally, we briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the documented link between EMT, metastasis and drug resistance. We illustrate this by specifically focusing on hypoxia and the role it plays in influencing cellular cholesterol content following EMT induction. Finally, we provide a proposed model delineating the crucial role of cholesterol in EMT and discuss whether targeting cholesterol could serve as a novel means of combatting drug resistance in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaziyah Abdulla
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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17
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Bai H, Duan J, Li C, Xie W, Fang W, Xu Y, Wang G, Wan R, Sun J, Xu J, Wang X, Fei K, Zhao Z, Cai S, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang Z. EPHA mutation as a predictor of immunotherapeutic efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001315. [PMID: 33303576 PMCID: PMC7733211 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ephrin type-A receptors (EPHA) are members of family of receptor tyrosine kinases and are related to tumor immunogenicity and immune microenvironment, however, the association between EPHA mutation (EPHAmut) and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Multiple cohorts were used to assess the immunotherapeutic predictive performance of EPHAmut, including one discovery cohort (n=79) and two public validation cohort (cohort 1: NSCLC, n=165; cohort 2: pan-cancer, n=1662). The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort was used for prognostic analysis and mechanism exploration. Results In the discovery cohort, patients with EPHAmut had superior disease control rate (72.2% vs 36.1%, p=0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.68; p<0.001) compared with those with wide-type EPHA (EPHAwt) in NSCLC. The association between EPHAmut and immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC was consistently observed in the validation cohorts by multivariable models (cohort 1, PFS HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.96; p=0.03; cohort 2, overall survival (OS) HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98; p=0.04). Further pooled estimates of the discovery and validation cohorts showed that patients with EPHAmut exhibited a significantly longer PFS and OS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) while not squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC). Consistently, mechanism analysis revealed that patients with EPHAmut was associated with increased T cell signatures and downregulated transforming growth factor-β signaling compared with patients with EPHAwt in LUAD while not LUSC. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that EPHAmut is an independent classifier that could stratify patients with LUAD for ICIs therapy. Further prospective studies are warranted. Trial registration number NCC2016JZ-03, NCC2018-092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- The Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuan Xie
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xu
- The Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kailun Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- The Medical Department, Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhao P, Jiang D, Huang Y, Chen C. EphA2: A promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:261-267. [PMID: 33962882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in human breast cancers often linked to poor patient prognosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that EphA2 plays important roles in several critical processes associated with malignant breast progression, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. As its inhibition through multiple approaches can inhibit the growth of breast cancer and restore drug sensitivity, EphA2 has become a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the expression, functions, mechanisms of action, and regulation of EphA2 in breast cancer. We also list the potential therapeutic strategies targeting EphA2. Furthermore, we discuss the future directions of studying EphA2 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of the First Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
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19
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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20
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Ganjali S, Banach M, Pirro M, Fras Z, Sahebkar A. HDL and cancer - causality still needs to be confirmed? Update 2020. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:169-177. [PMID: 33130036 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cancer risk has been shown by several epidemiological studies. Some studies have even suggested that HDL-C can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with certain types of cancer. However, whether reduced HDL-C level is a consequential or causal factor in the development and progression of cancer remains a controversial issue. In this review, we update and summarize recent advances that highlight the role of HDL and some of its components in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ganjali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Division of Medicine, Department of Vascular Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Mittal L, Camarillo IG, Varadarajan GS, Srinivasan H, Aryal UK, Sundararajan R. High-throughput, Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Studies of the Anticancer Effects of Electrical Pulses with Turmeric Silver Nanoparticles: an in vitro Model Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7258. [PMID: 32350346 PMCID: PMC7190727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15–20% of the over one million new breast cancer cases occurring each year. TNBC is an aggressive cancer phenotype, with low 5-year survival rates, high 3-year recurrence rates, and increased risk of metastasis. A lack of three commonly exploited hormone receptors renders TNBC resistant to endocrine therapies and lends to its critical absence of viable therapeutic targets. This necessitates the development of alternate and effective novel therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Towards this, our current work seeks to develop the technique of Electrical pulse (EP)-mediated Turmeric silver nanoparticles (TurNP) therapy, known as Electrochemotherapy (ECT), to effectively target TNBC cells. This technique involves the efficient delivery of natural bioactive molecules with anti-cancer effects via a biophysical means. In these experiments, the bioactive molecules are turmeric, a dried rhizome of Curcuma longa that has been used for centuries, both as a dietary supplement and as a medicine in Ayurveda (science of life) in the Indian subcontinent and in traditional Chinese medicine. Our results reveal the combined effect of TurNP + EP treatment in reducing MDA-MB-231 cell viability to as low as 9% at 12 h. Showing biological selectivity, this combination treatment has a substantially lower effect on non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial MCF10A cells (67% viability). To gain mechanistic insights into the actions of TurNP-based ECT treatment, we performed high-throughput, label-free quantitative proteomics studies. Proteomics results indicate that TurNP + EP treatment significantly influenced expression of a diverse list of proteins, including receptors, transcription factors, structural proteins, kinases, and metabolic enzymes. This include the downregulation of 25 proteins in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (such as GRB2, EGFR, EPHA2, GNB1, GNB2, 14–3–3 family, and Integrin family proteins), and 12 proteins (AKR1A1, ALDOA, ALDOC, PGK1, PGM1, PGAM1, ENO1, ENO2, GAPDH, TPI1, LDHA, and LDHB) in the glycolytic pathway with concomitant reduction in metabolite levels (glucose uptake, and intracellular- lactate, glutamine, and glutamate). Compared to TurNP alone, TurNP + EP treatment upregulated 66 endoplasmic reticulum and 193 mitochondrial proteins, enhancing several processes and pathways, including Pyruvate Metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which redirected the TNBC metabolism to mitochondria. This switch in the metabolism caused excessive production of H2O2 reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inflict cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, demonstrating the potency of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Mittal
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G Camarillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gowri Sree Varadarajan
- Division of High Voltage Engineering, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, TN, 600025, India
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, TN, 600048, India
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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22
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Belisario DC, Akman M, Godel M, Campani V, Patrizio MP, Scotti L, Hattinger CM, De Rosa G, Donadelli M, Serra M, Kopecka J, Riganti C. ABCA1/ABCB1 Ratio Determines Chemo- and Immune-Sensitivity in Human Osteosarcoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030647. [PMID: 32155954 PMCID: PMC7140509 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP Binding Cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) induces chemoresistance in osteosarcoma, because it effluxes doxorubicin, reducing the intracellular accumulation, toxicity, and immunogenic cell death induced by the drug. The ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) effluxes isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a strong activator of anti-tumor Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Recruiting this population may represent an alternative strategy to rescue doxorubicin efficacy in ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. In this work, we analyzed how ABCA1 and ABCB1 are regulated in osteosarcoma, and if increasing the ABCA1-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells could be an effective strategy against ABCB1-expressing osteosarcoma. We used 2D-cultured doxorubicin-sensitive human U-2OS and Saos-2 cells, their doxorubicin-resistant sublines (U-2OS/DX580 and Saos-2/DX580), and 3D cultures of U-2OS and Saos-2 cells. DX580-sublines and 3D cultures had higher levels of ABCB1 and higher resistance to doxorubicin than parental cells. Surprisingly, they had reduced ABCA1 levels, IPP efflux, and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-induced killing. In these chemo-immune-resistant cells, the Ras/Akt/mTOR axis inhibits the ABCA1-transcription induced by Liver X Receptor α (LXRα); Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α axis up-regulates ABCB1. Targeting the farnesylation of Ras with self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) simultaneously inhibited both axes. In humanized mice, NZ reduced the growth of chemo-immune-resistant osteosarcomas, increased intratumor necro-apoptosis, and ABCA1/ABCB1 ratio and Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell infiltration. We suggest that the ABCB1highABCA1low phenotype is indicative of chemo-immune-resistance. We propose aminobisphosphonates as new chemo-immune-sensitizing tools against drug-resistant osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Patrizio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Lorena Scotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Serra
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (M.G.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116705857
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23
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Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2020; 2:132-141. [PMID: 32694690 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism and consequently promote tumourigenesis. Cholesterol-derived metabolites play complex roles in supporting cancer progression and suppressing immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that manipulating cholesterol metabolism inhibits tumour growth, reshapes the immunological landscape and reinvigorates anti-tumour immunity. Here, we review cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, its role in cancer progression and the mechanisms through which cholesterol metabolites affect immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with cholesterol metabolism, and how the combination of such approaches with existing anti-cancer therapies can have synergistic effects, thus offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Eckhardt BL, Cao Y, Redfern AD, Chi LH, Burrows AD, Roslan S, Sloan EK, Parker BS, Loi S, Ueno NT, Lau PKH, Latham B, Anderson RL. Activation of Canonical BMP4-SMAD7 Signaling Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1304-1315. [PMID: 31941699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with cancer; with no therapeutic cure, treatments remain largely palliative. As such, new targets and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) blocks metastasis in animal models of breast cancer and predicts improved survival in patients. In preclinical models of spontaneous metastasis, BMP4 acted as an autocrine mediator to modulate a range of known metastasis-regulating genes, including Smad7, via activation of canonical BMP-SMAD signaling. Restored BMP4 expression or therapeutically administered BMP4 protein, blocked metastasis and increased survival by sensitizing cancer cells to anoikis, thereby reducing the number of circulating tumor cells. Gene silencing of Bmp4 or its downstream mediator Smad7, reversed this phenotype. Administration of recombinant BMP4 markedly reduced spontaneous metastasis to lung and bone. Elevated levels of BMP4 and SMAD7 were prognostic for improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer, indicating the importance of canonical BMP4 signaling in the suppression of metastasis and highlighting new avenues for therapy against metastatic disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting the BMP4-SMAD7 signaling axis presents a novel therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic breast cancer, a disease that has had no reduction in patient mortality over 20 years. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/6/1304/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lap Hing Chi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suraya Roslan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter K H Lau
- Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Pasello M, Giudice AM, Scotlandi K. The ABC subfamily A transporters: Multifaceted players with incipient potentialities in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:57-71. [PMID: 31605751 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a cause of drug resistance in a plethora of tumors. More recent evidence indicates additional contribution of these transporters to other processes, such as tumor cell dissemination and metastasis, thereby extending their possible roles in tumor progression. While the role of some ABC transporters, such as ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2, in multidrug resistance is well documented, the mechanisms by which ABC transporters affect the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of cancer cells are still poorly defined and are frequently controversial. This review, summarizes recent advances that highlight the role of subfamily A members in cancer. Emerging evidence highlights the potential value of ABCA members as biomarkers of risk and response in different tumors, but information is disperse and very little is known about their possible mechanisms of action. The only clear evidence is that ABCA members are involved in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. In particular, the relationship between ABCA1 and cholesterol is becoming evident in different fields of biology, including cancer. In parallel, emerging findings indicate that cholesterol, the main component of cell membranes, can influence many physiological and pathological processes, including cell migration, cancer progression and metastasis. This review aims to link the dispersed knowledge regarding the relationship of ABCA members with lipid metabolism and cancer in an effort to stimulate and guide readers to areas that the writers consider to have significant impact and relevant potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasello
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudice
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
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