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Almutairy B, Alzahrani MS, Waggas DS, Alsaab HO. Particular exosomal micro-RNAs and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cells' roles: Current theories. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114278. [PMID: 39383930 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
A diverse range of gastrointestinal tract disorders are called gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. The transformation of normal cells into precursor cells, precursor cells into premalignant cells, and premalignant cells into cancerous cells is facilitated by the interaction of many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Developing relevant therapy alternatives based on a better knowledge of the illness's aetiology is essential to enhance patient outcomes. The exosome is crucial in regulating intercellular interaction because it may send molecular signals to nearby or distant cells. Exosomes produced from cancer can introduce a variety of chemicals and vast concentrations of microRNA (miRNA) into the tumour microenvironment. These miRNAs significantly impact immunological evasion, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, and cell growth. Exosomal miRNAs, or exosomal miRNAs, are essential for controlling cancer resistance to apoptosis, according to mounting data. Exosomal miRNAs function as an interaction hub between cancerous cells and the milieu around them, regulating gene expression and various signalling pathways. Our research examines the regulatory function of exosomal miRNAs in mediating interactions between cancer cells and the stromal and immunological cells that make up the surrounding milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad S Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dania S Waggas
- Pathological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Niu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Co-culture models for investigating cellular crosstalk in the glioma microenvironment. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2024; 2:219-230. [PMID: 39371093 PMCID: PMC11447344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). It represents a diverse group of brain malignancies characterized by the presence of various cancer cell types as well as an array of noncancerous cells, which together form the intricate glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interactions between glioma cells/glioma stem cells (GSCs) and these noncancerous cells is crucial for exploring the pathogenesis and development of glioma. To invesigate these interactions requires in vitro co-culture models that closely mirror the actual TME in vivo. In this review, we summarize the two- and three-dimensional in vitro co-culture model systems for glioma-TME interactions currently available. Furthermore, we explore common glioma-TME cell interactions based on these models, including interactions of glioma cells/GSCs with endothelial cells/pericytes, microglia/macrophages, T cells, astrocytes, neurons, or other multi-cellular interactions. Together, this review provides an update on the glioma-TME interactions, offering insights into glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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3
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Xia RJ, Du XY, Shen LW, Ma JG, Xu SM, Fan RF, Qin JW, Yan L. Roles of the tumor microenvironment in the resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors in patients with gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3820-3831. [PMID: 39350980 PMCID: PMC11438768 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous developments and advancements in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in China, the overall survival is still poor for most patients with advanced GC. In recent years, with the progress in tumor immunology research, attention has shifted toward immunotherapy as a therapeutic approach for GC. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, as novel immunosuppressive medications, have been widely utilized in the treatment of GC. However, many patients are still resistant to PD-1 inhibitors and experience recurrence in the advanced stages of PD-1 immunotherapy. To reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and recurrence in GC patients receiving PD-1 immunotherapy, to maximize the clinical activity of immunosuppressive drugs, and to elicit a lasting immune response, it is essential to research the tumor microenvironment mechanisms leading to PD-1 inhibitor resistance in GC patients. This article reviews the progress in studying the factors influencing the resistance to PD-1 inhibitors in the GC tumor microenvironment, aiming to provide insights and a basis for reducing resistance to PD-1 inhibitors for GC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Du
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- Department of Medical Support Center, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shu-Mei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Fang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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4
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Nedaeinia R, Najafgholian S, Salehi R, Goli M, Ranjbar M, Nickho H, Haghjooy Javanmard S, A Ferns G, Manian M. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and the biology of carcinogenesis: a systematic review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:380. [PMID: 39187523 PMCID: PMC11347635 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) are highly flexible cells of the cancer microenvironment. They produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents that form the structure of the tumor stroma but are also a source of metabolites, growth factors, chemokines, and exosomes that impact every aspect of the tumor, including its response to treatment. It is believed that exosomal miRNAs facilitate intercellular signaling, which is essential for the development of cancer. The role of miRNAs and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and carcinogenesis is reviewed in this paper. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to perform a systematic review. Several databases, including Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, were searched using the following keywords: CAFs, CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts, stromal fibroblasts, miRNA, exosomal miRNAs, exosome and similar terms. We identified studies investigating exosomal miRNAs and CAFs in the TME and their role in carcinogenesis. A total of 12,572 papers were identified. After removing duplicates (n = 3803), 8774 articles were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 421 were excluded from further analysis. It has been reported that if exosomal miRNAs in CAFs are not functioning correctly, this may influence the secretory phenotype of tip cells and contribute to increased tumor invasiveness, tumor spread, decreased treatment efficacy, and a poorer prognosis. Under their influence, normal fibroblasts (NFs) are transformed into CAFs. Furthermore, they participate in metabolic reprogramming, which allows for fast proliferation of the cancer cell population, adaptation to growing energy demands, and the capacity to avoid immune system identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Simin Najafgholian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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He XY, Que LY, Yang F, Feng Y, Ren D, Song X. Single-cell transcriptional profiling in osteosarcoma and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the tumor microenvironment. J Bone Oncol 2024; 46:100604. [PMID: 38765702 PMCID: PMC11101886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor, originates from the bone marrow. Currently, treatment for OS remains limited, making it urgent to understand the immune response in the tumor microenvironment of patients with OS. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed, including cell clustering subgroups, differential expression genes screening, proposed temporal order, and genomic variant analysis on single-cell RNA-sequencing data, from ten pre-chemotherapy patients and eleven post-chemotherapy patients. Subsequently, we analyzed the differentiation trajectories of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in detail to compare the changes in cell proportions and differential genes pre- and post-chemotherapy. The nine cell types were identified, including fibroblasts, myeloid cells, osteoblasts, TILs, osteoclasts, proliferative osteoblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and B cells. Post-chemotherapy treatment, the proportions of myeloid cells and TILs in OS were declined, while the number of osteoblasts was elevated. Besides, a decrease was observed in CD74, FTL, FTH1, MT1X and MT2A, and an increase in PTN, COL3A1, COL1A1, IGFBP7 and FN1. Meanwhile, EMT, DNA repair, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets were highly enriched post-chemotherapy. Furthermore, there was a down-regulation in the proportions of CD14 monocytes, Tregs, NK cells and CD1C-/CD141-DCs, while an up-regulation was observed in the proportions of SELENOP macrophages, IL7R macrophages, COL1A1 macrophages, CD1C DCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Overall, these findings revealed changes in the tumor microenvironment of OS post-chemotherapy treatment, providing a new direction for investigating OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu He
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Liu-yi Que
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Dong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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6
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Yang S, Sun Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun G, Xiang B, Yang J. Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:823. [PMID: 38398214 PMCID: PMC10887132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bai Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jiankai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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7
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Garofalo S, D'Alessandro G, Limatola C. Microglia in Glioma. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:513-527. [PMID: 39207710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are fundamental constituents of the brain tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of microglial cells in the cross-talk with the most common and aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma. We report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma patients and glioma models to outline the symbiotic interactions that microglia develop with tumoral cells, highlighting the heterogeneity of microglial functions in shaping the brain tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Shi J, Huang S. Comparative Insight into Microglia/Macrophages-Associated Pathways in Glioblastoma and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:16. [PMID: 38203185 PMCID: PMC10778632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia and macrophages are pivotal to the brain's innate immune response and have garnered considerable attention in the context of glioblastoma (GBM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. This review delineates the complex roles of these cells within the neuropathological landscape, focusing on a range of signaling pathways-namely, NF-κB, microRNAs (miRNAs), and TREM2-that regulate the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in GBM and disease-associated microglia (DAMs) in AD. These pathways are critical to the processes of neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, which are hallmarks of GBM and AD. We concentrate on the multifaceted regulation of TAMs by NF-κB signaling in GBM, the influence of TREM2 on DAMs' responses to amyloid-beta deposition, and the modulation of both TAMs and DAMs by GBM- and AD-related miRNAs. Incorporating recent advancements in molecular biology, immunology, and AI techniques, through a detailed exploration of these molecular mechanisms, we aim to shed light on their distinct and overlapping regulatory functions in GBM and AD. The review culminates with a discussion on how insights into NF-κB, miRNAs, and TREM2 signaling may inform novel therapeutic approaches targeting microglia and macrophages in these neurodegenerative and neoplastic conditions. This comparative analysis underscores the potential for new, targeted treatments, offering a roadmap for future research aimed at mitigating the progression of these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Neurology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Shiwei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Zhang L, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Wei S. The diversity and dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238233. [PMID: 37731483 PMCID: PMC10507272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts to exploit effective therapeutic strategies, most glioblastoma (GBM) inevitably relapse and become resistant to therapies, including radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of recurrent GBM (rGBM) is highly immunosuppressive, dominated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs consist of tissue-resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which are essential for favoring tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and therapeutic resistance; however, restricted by the absence of potent methods, the heterogeneity and plasticity of TAMs in rGBM remain incompletely investigated. Recent application of single-cell technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing has enabled us to decipher the unforeseen diversity and dynamics of TAMs and to identify new subsets of TAMs which regulate anti-tumor immunity. Here, we first review hallmarks of the TME, progress and challenges of immunotherapy, and the biology of TAMs in the context of rGBM, including their origins, categories, and functions. Next, from a single-cell perspective, we highlight recent findings regarding the distinctions between tissue-resident microglia and MDMs, the identification and characterization of specific TAM subsets, and the dynamic alterations of TAMs during tumor progression and treatment. Last, we briefly discuss the potential of TAM-targeted strategies for combination immunotherapy in rGBM. We anticipate the comprehensive understanding of the diversity and dynamics of TAMs in rGBM will shed light on further improvement of immunotherapeutic efficacy in rGBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhang
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ren J, Xu B, Ren J, Liu Z, Cai L, Zhang X, Wang W, Li S, Jin L, Ding L. The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1269. [PMID: 37759870 PMCID: PMC10526262 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Ren
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Bangjie Xu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianghao Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lingyu Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
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11
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Montemurro N, Pahwa B, Tayal A, Shukla A, De Jesus Encarnacion M, Ramirez I, Nurmukhametov R, Chavda V, De Carlo A. Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastoma as a Prognostic Factor in the Synergistic System of the Tumor Microenvironment. Neurol Int 2023; 15:595-608. [PMID: 37218976 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Ever more recent papers are focusing on understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in affecting tumorigenesis and the subsequent prognosis. We assessed the impact of macrophages in the TME on the prognosis in patients with recurrent GBM. A PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus review was conducted to identify all studies dealing with macrophages in the GBM microenvironment from January 2016 to December 2022. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) act critically in enhancing tumor progression and can alter drug resistance, promoting resistance to radiotherapy and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. M1 macrophages are characterized by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-27, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), CCL2, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IGF1, that can lead to the destruction of the tissue. In contrast, M2 is supposed to participate in immunosuppression and tumor progression, which is formed after being exposed to the macrophage M-CSF, IL-10, IL-35 and the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-β). Because there is currently no standard of care in recurrent GBM, novel identified targeted therapies based on the complex signaling and interactions between the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the TME, especially resident microglia and bone-marrow-derived macrophages, may be helpful in improving the overall survival of these patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bhavya Pahwa
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anish Tayal
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anushruti Shukla
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | | | - Issael Ramirez
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Renat Nurmukhametov
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 121359 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antonella De Carlo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Luo H, Zhang H, Mao J, Cao H, Tao Y, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z, Cheng Q, Liu G. Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:235. [PMID: 37012233 PMCID: PMC10070666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose, and metabolites. With great potential to be developed as targeted drug carriers, cancer vaccines and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, prognosis prediction, exosomes show extensive advantages of relatively high drug loading capacity, adjustable therapeutic agents release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, striking biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, etc. With the rapid progression of basic exosome research, exosome-based therapeutics are gaining increasing attention in recent years. Glioma, the standard primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is still up against significant challenges as current traditional therapies of surgery resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and numerous efforts into new drugs showed little clinical curative effect. The emerging immunotherapy strategy presents convincing results in many tumors and is driving researchers to exert its potential in glioma. As the crucial component of the glioma microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and strongly influence glioma progression via various signaling molecules, simultaneously providing new insight into therapeutic strategies. Exosomes would substantially assist the TAMs-centered treatment as drug delivery vehicles and liquid biopsy biomarkers. Here we review the current potential exosome-mediated immunotherapeutics targeting TAMs in glioma and conclude the recent investigation on the fundamental mechanisms of diversiform molecular signaling events by TAMs that promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health management center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanjian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Hashemi M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ten Hagen TLM, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Falahati M. HMGA2 regulation by miRNAs in cancer: affecting cancer hallmarks and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106732. [PMID: 36931542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group A 2 (HMGA2) is a protein that modulates the structure of chromatin in the nucleus. Importantly, aberrant expression of HMGA2 occurs during carcinogenesis, and this protein is an upstream mediator of cancer hallmarks including evasion of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. HMGA2 targets critical signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR in cancer cells. Therefore, suppression of HMGA2 function notably decreases cancer progression and improves outcome in patients. As HMGA2 is mainly oncogenic, targeting expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is crucial to take into consideration since it affects HMGA2 function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to ncRNAs and are master regulators of vital cell processes, which affect all aspects of cancer hallmarks. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), other members of ncRNAs, are upstream mediators of miRNAs. The current review intends to discuss the importance of the miRNA/HMGA2 axis in modulation of various types of cancer, and mentions lncRNAs and circRNAs, which regulate this axis as upstream mediators. Finally, we discuss the effect of miRNAs and HMGA2 interactions on the response of cancer cells to therapy. Regarding the critical role of HMGA2 in regulation of critical signaling pathways in cancer cells, and considering the confirmed interaction between HMGA2 and one of the master regulators of cancer, miRNAs, targeting miRNA/HMGA2 axis in cancer therapy is promising and this could be the subject of future clinical trial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Durán A, Priestman DA, Las Heras M, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Olguín V, Calderón JF, Zanlungo S, Gutiérrez J, Platt FM, Klein AD. A Mouse Systems Genetics Approach Reveals Common and Uncommon Genetic Modifiers of Hepatic Lysosomal Enzyme Activities and Glycosphingolipids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4915. [PMID: 36902345 PMCID: PMC10002577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of genetic modulators of lysosomal enzyme activities and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) may facilitate the development of therapeutics for diseases in which they participate, including Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). To this end, we used a systems genetics approach: we measured 11 hepatic lysosomal enzymes and many of their natural substrates (GSLs), followed by modifier gene mapping by GWAS and transcriptomics associations in a panel of inbred strains. Unexpectedly, most GSLs showed no association between their levels and the enzyme activity that catabolizes them. Genomic mapping identified 30 shared predicted modifier genes between the enzymes and GSLs, which are clustered in three pathways and are associated with other diseases. Surprisingly, they are regulated by ten common transcription factors, and their majority by miRNA-340p. In conclusion, we have identified novel regulators of GSL metabolism, which may serve as therapeutic targets for LSDs and may suggest the involvement of GSL metabolism in other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelo Durán
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | | | - Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Boris Rebolledo-Jaramillo
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguín
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Juan F. Calderón
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330033, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510602, Chile
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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15
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Liu H, Chen Q, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Bai Y, Pan Y, Zhang J, Shao C. LncRNA CASC19 Enhances the Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Regulating the miR-340-3p/FKBP5 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033047. [PMID: 36769373 PMCID: PMC9917593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance remains a serious obstacle encountered in the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), play essential roles in radiosensitivity. However, the comprehensive expression profiles and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in NPC radioresistance are still bewildering. In this study, we performed an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assay in the radioresistant NPC cells CNE2R and its parental cells CNE2 to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. The ceRNA networks containing lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were predicted on the basis of the Pearson correlation coefficients and authoritative miRanda databases. In accordance with bioinformatic analysis of the data of the tandem mass tag (TMT) assay of CNE2R and CNE2 cells and the gene chip assay of radioresistant NPC samples in pre- and post-radiotherapy, the radioresistance-related signaling network of lncRNA CASC19, miR-340-3p, and FKBP5 was screened and further verified using an RT-qPCR assay. CASC19 was positively associated with FKBP5 expression while negatively correlated with miR-340-3p, and the target binding sites of CASC19/miR-340-3p and miR-340-3p/FKBP5 were confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, using an mRFP-GFP-LC3 maker, it was found that autophagy contributed to the radioresistance of NPC. MiR-340-3p inhibition or FKBP5 overexpression could rescue the suppression of autophagy and radioresistance induced by CASC19 knockdown in CNE2R cells. In conclusion, the CASC19/miR-340-3p/FKBP5 network may be instrumental in regulating NPC radioresistance by enhancing autophagy, which provides potential new therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Anagnostakis F, Piperi C. Targeting Options of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Activity in Gliomas. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:457-470. [PMID: 35048810 PMCID: PMC10207914 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220120120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most plastic cells of the hematopoietic system, exhibit increased tumor-infiltrating properties and functional heterogeneity depending on tumor type and associated microenvironment. TAMs constitute a major cell type of cancer-related inflammation, commonly enhancing tumor growth. They are profoundly involved in glioma pathogenesis, contributing to many cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, survival, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Efficient targeting of TAMs presents a promising approach to tackle glioma progression. Several targeting options involve chemokine signaling axes inhibitors and antibodies, antiangiogenic factors, immunomodulatory molecules, surface immunoglobulins blockers, receptor and transcription factor inhibitors, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), administered either as standalone or in combination with other conventional therapies. Herein, we provide a critical overview of current therapeutic approaches targeting TAMs in gliomas with the promising outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
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17
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Guo X, Jiao H, Cao L, Meng F. Biological implications and clinical potential of invasion and migration related miRNAs in glioma. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:989029. [DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.989029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and are highly aggressive. Invasion and migration are the main causes of poor prognosis and treatment resistance in gliomas. As migration and invasion occur, patient survival and prognosis decline dramatically. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding 21–23 nucleotides involved in regulating the malignant phenotype of gliomas, including migration and invasion. Numerous studies have demonstrated the mechanism and function of some miRNAs in glioma migration and invasion. However, the biological and clinical significance (including diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy) of glioma migration and invasion-related miRNAs have not been systematically discussed. This paper reviews the progress of miRNAs-mediated migration and invasion studies in glioma and discusses the clinical value of migration and invasion-related miRNAs as potential biomarkers or targeted therapies for glioma. In addition, these findings are expected to translate into future directions and challenges for clinical applications. Although many biomarkers and their biological roles in glioma invasion and migration have been identified, none have been specific so far, and further exploration of clinical treatment is still in progress; therefore, we aimed to further identify specific markers that may guide clinical treatment and improve the quality of patient survival.
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18
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Lei Q, Yang Y, Zhou W, Liu W, Li Y, Qi N, Li Q, Wen Z, Ding L, Huang X, Li Y, Wu J. MicroRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma: Opportunities and challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175388. [PMID: 36403686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates and unpredictable clinical behavior. The disappointing prognosis for patients with GBM even after surgery and postoperative radiation and chemotherapy has fueled the search for specific targets to provide new insights into the development of modern therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) act as oncomirs and tumor suppressors to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of various genes and silence many target genes involved in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, stem cell behavior, angiogenesis, the microenvironment and chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, which makes them attractive candidates as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents to advance GBM therapeutics. However, one of the major challenges of successful miRNA-based therapy is the need for an effective and safe system to deliver therapeutic compounds to specific tumor cells or tissues in vivo, particularly systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This challenge has shifted gradually as progress has been achieved in identifying novel tumor-related miRNAs and their targets, as well as the development of nanoparticles (NPs) as new carriers to deliver therapeutic compounds. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary (in recent 5 years) of the current knowledge of GBM-related oncomirs, tumor suppressors and microenvironmental miRNAs, with a focus on their potential applications as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as recent advances in the development of carriers for nontoxic miRNA-based therapy delivery systems and how they can be adapted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yongmin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China; School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yixin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Nanchang Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qiangfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhonghui Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, PR China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er, 665000, Yunnan, PR China.
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19
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Zhou X, Chen B, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Li J, Wei Q, Cao D, Ai J. Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and MicroRNAs: A Key Role in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13258. [PMID: 36362044 PMCID: PMC9653885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an in-depth understanding of immunotherapy continues to grow, current anticancer therapy research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of genetic information and expression and mediate interactions between tumor cells and components in the TME, such as tumor-associated macrophages (macrophages). Macrophages are abundant in the TME, and their different polarization directions can promote or inhibit tumor growth and progression. By regulating biological behaviors, such as macrophage recruitment, infiltration, and polarization, miRNAs can affect various molecular pathways to regulate tumor progression and treatment response. In this review, we discuss in detail the effects of macrophages on tumors and the multifaceted effects of miRNAs on macrophages. We also discuss the potential clinical applications and prospects of targeted therapy based on miRNAs, novel clinical biomarkers, and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Xu C, Xiao M, Li X, Xin L, Song J, Zhan Q, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yuan X, Tan Y, Fang C. Origin, activation, and targeted therapy of glioma-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974996. [PMID: 36275720 PMCID: PMC9582955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development, occurrence, and treatment of gliomas. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) are the most widely infiltrated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and one of the major cell populations that exert immune functions. GAMs typically originate from two cell types-brain-resident microglia (BRM) and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDM), depending on a variety of cytokines for recruitment and activation. GAMs mainly contain two functionally and morphologically distinct activation types- classically activated M1 macrophages (antitumor/immunostimulatory) and alternatively activated M2 macrophages (protumor/immunosuppressive). GAMs have been shown to affect multiple biological functions of gliomas, including promoting tumor growth and invasion, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, and treatment resistance. Both M1 and M2 macrophages are highly plastic and can polarize or interconvert under various malignant conditions. As the relationship between GAMs and gliomas has become more apparent, GAMs have long been one of the promising targets for glioma therapy, and many studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this target. Here, we review the origin and activation of GAMs in gliomas, how they regulate tumor development and response to therapies, and current glioma therapeutic strategies targeting GAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Xin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoye Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
| | - Chuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
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21
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Li J, Hou W, Yang Y, Deng Q, Fu H, Yin Y, Duan K, Feng B, Guo T, Weng J. Micro/nano-topography promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells by regulating periostin expression. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112700. [PMID: 35907353 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nano-topography (MNT) is an important factor affecting cell response. Earlier studies using titania (TiO2) nanotube as a model of MNT found that they mediated the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Surprisingly, Periostin (Postn), a secreted protein involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) construction and promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), was previously observed to significantly up-regulated on TiO2 nanotube. We proposed that Postn may act as a MNT signal transduction role. In this study, we investigated the effect of MNT on Postn, and the influence of Postn on osteogenic differentiation-related genes through focal adhesion and downstream signals. It was found that, titanium (Ti) plates carrying TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of ∼100 nm (TNT-100) significantly up-regulated the expression of Postn compared with flat Ti. Furthermore, Postn activated the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signal pathway and β-catenin into the nucleus by interacting with integrin αV. Surprisingly, TNT-100 up-regulated the transcription level of Wnt3a, which was independent of the up-regulation of Postn. This new Postn signaling pathway may provide more insights into the signal transduction mechanism of MNT and development of biomaterials with improved osteogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wenqing Hou
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qing Deng
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hong Fu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yiran Yin
- Sichuan Provincial Lab of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Sichuan Provincial Lab of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tailin Guo
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jie Weng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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22
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Macrophages Are a Double-Edged Sword: Molecular Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060850. [PMID: 35740975 PMCID: PMC9221070 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of highly tumorigenic cells in tumors. They have enhanced self-renewal properties, are usually chemo-radioresistant, and can promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. They can recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and differentiate them into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs maintain CSC stemness and construct niches that are favorable for CSC survival. However, how CSCs and TAMs interact is not completely understood. An understanding on these mechanisms can provide additional targeting strategies for eliminating CSCs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the reported mechanisms of crosstalk between CSCs and TAMs and update the related signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. In addition, we discuss potential therapies targeting CSC–TAM interaction, including targeting macrophage recruitment and polarization by CSCs and inhibiting the TAM-induced promotion of CSC stemness. This review also provides the perspective on the major challenge for developing potential therapeutic strategies to overcome CSC-TAM crosstalk.
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23
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Hypoxia Promotes Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation by Enhancing the 14-3-3β Expression via the PI3K Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5799776. [PMID: 35607406 PMCID: PMC9124136 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5799776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a serious fatal type of cancer with the shorter median survival period and poor quality of living. The overall 5-year survival rate remains low due to high recurrence rates. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play the important roles in the development of gliomas. Examination of the numerous biomarkers or cancer-associated genes involved in the development or prevention of glioma may therefore serve the discovery of novel strategies to treat patients with glioma. Hypoxia induced by using CoCl2 application and 14-3-3β protein knockdown by specific small interfering RNA transfection were performed in GSCs both in vitro and in vivo to observe their role in glioma progression and metastasis occurrence by using western blot analysis and MTT assay. The results demonstrated that CoCl2 application enhanced the 14-3-3β protein expression and mRNA levels via the PI3K pathway in GSCs. Furthermore, hypoxia promoted GSC cell proliferation and activated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which was inhibited following 14-3-3β knockdown. In addition, tumor growth in mice was enhanced by CoCl2 application but reversed following 14-3-3β knockdown, which also enhanced GSC cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that hypoxia promoted glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the 14-3-3β expression via the PI3K signaling pathway. 14-3-3β and HIF-1α may therefore be considered as the potential therapeutic target to treat patients with glioma.
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24
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Tao R, Liu Q, Huang R, Wang K, Sun Z, Yang P, Wang J. A Novel TNFSF-Based Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Immunosuppressive Status of Lower-Grade Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3194996. [PMID: 35592520 PMCID: PMC9112166 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3194996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamilies play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. We believe that TNF has a huge potential and might cast new insight into antitumour therapies. Therefore, we established this signature based on TNF superfamilies. Results A six-gene signature derived from the TNF superfamilies was established. The Riskscore correlated significantly with the expression of immune checkpoint genes and infiltrating M2 macrophages in the tumour specimen. This signature was also associated with mutations in genes that regulate tumour cell proliferation. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses further confirmed the Riskscore, TNFRSF11b, and TNFRSF12a as independent risk factors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets. Conclusion Our signature could accurately predict the prognosis of lower-grade gliomas (LGG). In addition, this six-gene signature could predict the immunosuppressive status of LGG and provide evidence that TNF superfamilies had correlations with some critical mutations that could be effectively targeted now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Gamma Knife Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Noncoding RNAs as novel immunotherapeutic tools against cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:135-161. [PMID: 35305717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is implemented as an important treatment strategy in various malignancies. In cancer, immunotherapy is employed for successful killing of tumor cells with high specificity and greater efficacy, with minimum side effects. Despite various available strategies, cellular immunotherapy including innate (NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive (B cells and T cells) immune cells plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment. Since past few years, many drugs targeting immune checkpoint proteins including CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have been investigated as immunotherapy approach against cancer but complete effectiveness still remains a question, as diverse mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis may result in the development of cancer cell resistance. Number of evidences have highlighted the significant role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating multiple stages of cancer initiation, progression & immunity. ncRNAs comprises 98% human transcriptome and are basically considered as dark genome. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs have been extensively studied in regulating diverse processes of cancer tumorigenesis. Upregulation of oncogenic and downregulation of tumor suppressive miRNAs/lncRNAs has been reported to facilitate the cancer progression and invasiveness. This chapter summarizes how an interplay between ncRNAs and immune cells in cancer pathogenesis can be therapeutically targeted to improve current treatment regimen. Strategies should be employed to improve the efficacy and reduce off-target effects of ncRNA based immunotherapy. Henceforth, combination of ncRNAs and available immunotherapy can be argued to enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer to improve patient's survival.
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26
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Mechanism of miR-340-5p in laryngeal cancer cell proliferation and invasion through the lncRNA NEAT1/MMP11 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153912. [PMID: 35700579 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Laryngeal cancer (LC), with a relatively rare diagnosis, is a primary malignancy originating from laryngeal mucosa. This study investigated the mechanisms of microRNA (miR)- 340-5p in LC cell proliferation and invasion. METHODS The expression patterns of miR-340-5p, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), and matrix metallopeptidase 11 (MMP11) in LC cells, tissues, and para-carcinoma tissues, and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) were examined via RT-qPCR. The effects of elevating or silencing miR-340-5p on LC cell proliferation and invasion were examined. The subcellular localization of lncRNA NEAT1 was determined. The binding relations among miR-340-5p, lncRNA NEAT1, and MMP11 were verified. Functional rescue experiments were designed to verify the functions of lncRNA NEAT1 and MMP11 on LC cell proliferation and invasion. Nude-mouse tumor models were established to assess the role of miR-340-5p in LC in vivo. RESULTS miR-340-5p was under-expressed in LC, and miR-340-5p overexpression repressed LC cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanically, miR-340-5p decreased lncRNA NEAT1 stability via directly binding to lncRNA NEAT1 and thus declined lncRNA NEAT1 expression in LC cells, while lncRNA NEAT1 accelerated MMP11 transcription via binding to heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Overexpression of lncRNA NEAT1 or MMP11 reversed the repression of miR-340-5p overexpression on LC cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo, miR-340-5p overexpression repressed the tumor growth. CONCLUSION miR-340-5p overexpression reduced lncRNA NEAT1 stability via binding to lncRNA NEAT1, which declined lncRNA NEAT1 expression and reduced the binding of lncRNA NEAT1 to HSF1 to further inhibit MMP11 transcription, thus repressing LC cell proliferation and invasion.
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27
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen J, Wu J. HMGA2 facilitates colorectal cancer progression via STAT3-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment. Theranostics 2022; 12:963-975. [PMID: 34976223 PMCID: PMC8692921 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), generally displaying the pro-tumor M2-like phenotype, strongly influence the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) via their immunosuppressive activities. The high-mobility gene group A2 (HMGA2), an oncoprotein, is aberrantly overexpressed in CRC cells. However, the mechanisms by which tumor-derived HMGA2 modulates tumor microenvironment in CRC remain poorly understood. Methods:In vivo subcutaneous tumor xenograft model, azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumor mouse model and in vitro co-culture assays were used to investigate the Hmga2 role in TAM recruitment and polarization. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were applied to examine the mechanism of HMGA2-mediated transcriptional regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The CD68 correlation with patient outcome was analyzed in 167 human CRC tissues. Results: We found that HMGA2 in cancer cells promoted macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in vitro and in vivo. HMGA2 directly bound to the STAT3 promoter to activate its transcription and subsequently induced CCL2 secretion, thus promoting macrophage recruitment. Our results from human CRC specimens also revealed a strong positive association between HMGA2 expression in tumor cells and CD68 expression in the stroma. We further showed that patients with an elevated CD68 expression had an unfavorable overall survival in all of the patients or in the subgroup with negative distant metastasis. Conclusion: Our work uncovers new insight into the link between the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis and macrophage recruitment in CRC. These findings provide a novel therapeutic option for targeting the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis in CRC.
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28
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Li C, Zhou T, Chen J, Li R, Chen H, Luo S, Chen D, Cai C, Li W. The role of Exosomal miRNAs in cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:6. [PMID: 34980158 PMCID: PMC8722109 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal miRNAs have attracted much attention due to their critical role in regulating genes and the altered expression of miRNAs in virtually all cancers affecting humans (Sun et al. in Mol Cancer 17(1):14, 2018). Exosomal miRNAs modulate processes that interfere with cancer immunity and microenvironment, and are significantly involved in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Fully investigating the detailed mechanism of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of various cancers could help not only in the treatment of cancers but also in the prevention of malignant diseases. The current review highlighted recently published advances regarding cancer-derived exosomes, e.g., sorting and delivery mechanisms for RNAs. Exosomal miRNAs that modulate cancer cell-to-cell communication, impacting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and multiple biological features, were discussed. Finally, the potential role of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers was summarized, as well as their usefulness in detecting cancer resistance to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyun Li
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Luo
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Cai
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Fengtai District, YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China.
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29
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Yang KD, Wang Y, Zhang F, Luo BH, Feng DY, Zeng ZJ. CircN4BP2L2 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of the miR-340-5p/CXCR4 axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:38-47. [PMID: 34326457 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) appears to be a critical factor in CRC progression. However, mechanistic studies delineating the role of circRNAs in CRC remain limited. In this study, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to measure the expression of genes and proteins. Migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by wound-healing, transwell, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Molecular interactions were validated by a dual-luciferase report system. A xenograft animal model was established to examine in vivo tumor growth and lung metastasis. Our data indicated that circN4BP2L2 expression was increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Notably, inhibition of circN4BP2L2 effectively inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LoVo cells, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas the forced expression of circN4BP2L2 facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HT-29 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that circN4BP2L2 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-340-5p to competitively promote CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-340-5p reversed the anti-cancer effects of circN4BP2L2 or CXCR4 silencing. Our data indicated an oncogenic role of circN4BP2L2 in CRC via regulation of the miR-340-5p/CXCR4 axis, which may be a promising biomarker and target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Bai-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - De-Yun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.
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30
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Lanotte L, Lombardi L, Di Federico A, Brandi G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. Immune-based combinations for metastatic triple negative breast cancer in clinical trials: current knowledge and therapeutic prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:557-565. [PMID: 34802383 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy appears to be effective in a small cohort of patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This supports the exploration of strategies for increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy. To enhance overall response and clinical outcomes, several immune-based combinations are being investigated. AREAS COVERED The authors present a synopsis of current, state-of-art immune-based combinations in this setting and reflect on future possibilities. They shed light on recently presented and published clinical trials and ongoing studies. A literature search was conducted in October 2021; in addition, abstracts of international cancer meetings were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials suggest that ICI monotherapy could be beneficial in a minority of mTNBC patients; conversely, several immune-based combinations have reported notable results in recently presented or published studies. Some of these combination strategies have been approved for mTNBC - as in the case of chemoimmunotherapy in PD-L1 positive patients. Numerous trials are investigating novel ICI-based combinations and their results are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.,Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.,Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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31
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Wu X, Wang X, Wang J, Hao Y, Liu F, Wang X, Yang L, Lu Z. The Roles of Exosomes as Future Therapeutic Agents and Diagnostic Tools for Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733529. [PMID: 34722277 PMCID: PMC8548662 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a common type of tumor originating in the brain. Glioma develops in the gluey supporting cells (glial cells) that surround and support nerve cells. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain microRNAs, messenger RNA, and proteins. Exosomes are the most prominent mediators of intercellular communication, regulating, instructing, and re-educating their surrounding milieu targeting different organs. As exosomes' diameter is in the nano range, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, a crucial obstacle in developing therapeutics against brain diseases, including glioma, makes the exosomes a potential candidate for delivering therapeutic agents for targeting malignant glioma. This review communicates the current knowledge of exosomes' significant roles that make them crucial future therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoben Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingbang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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32
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Wei J, Gilboa E, Calin GA, Heimberger AB. Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682129. [PMID: 34532286 PMCID: PMC8438301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are heterogeneous and have a poor prognosis. Glioblastoma cells interact with their neighbors to form a tumor-permissive and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Short noncoding RNAs are relevant mediators of the dynamic crosstalk among cancer, stromal, and immune cells in establishing the glioblastoma microenvironment. In addition to the ease of combinatorial strategies that are capable of multimodal modulation for both reversing immune suppression and enhancing antitumor immunity, their small size provides an opportunity to overcome the limitations of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability. To enhance glioblastoma delivery, these RNAs have been conjugated with various molecules or packed within delivery vehicles for enhanced tissue-specific delivery and increased payload. Here, we focus on the role of RNA therapeutics by appraising which types of nucleotides are most effective in immune modulation, lead therapeutic candidates, and clarify how to optimize delivery of the therapeutic RNAs and their conjugates specifically to the glioblastoma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - George A Calin
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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33
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Cassetta L, Pollard JW. Macrophage targeting in cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:18-41. [PMID: 32445205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH 2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM-reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies. We review state-of-the-art TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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34
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Wang L, Lang B, Zhou Y, Ma J, Hu K. Up-regulation of miR-663a inhibits the cancer stem cell-like properties of glioma via repressing the KDM2A-mediated TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1935-1952. [PMID: 34424812 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1966962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) function as vital regulators in tumor development via modulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Here, we explored the role and underlying mechanism of miR-663a in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cancer stem cell-like (CSC) properties of glioma cells. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was implemented to detect miR-663a expression in glioblastoma tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function assays of miR-633a were performed on U-251 MG cells or human primary glioblastoma cancer cells (pGBMC1). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, CSC properties, and profiles of stem cell markers (including CD133, CD44) were examined by the MTT assay, Transwell assay, tumorsphere experiment, and Western blotting, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to testify the targeted relationship between miR-663a and lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A). The results showed that miR-663a was down-regulated in glioblastoma tissues and cells. Overexpressing miR-663a repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, CSC properties of U-251 MG cells and pGBMC1, while miR-663a knockdown had the opposite effects. The in-vivo experiment confirmed that miR-663a repressed the growth of U-251 MG cells in nude mice. When cocultured with THP1 cells, U-251 MG cells gained enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and CSC properties. MiR-633a overexpression reversed THP1-mediated effects on U-251 MG cells, and reduced the "M2" polarization of THP1 cells. What's more, Mechanistically, KDM2A was targeted by miR-663a. KDM2A knockdown suppressed the progression and CSC properties of U-251 MG cells in vitro, and dampened TGF-β. Overall, those data revealed that up-regulating miR-663a reduced glioma progression by inhibiting the KDM2A-mediated TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Bojuan Lang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Department of Pathology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Youdong Zhou
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyang Ma
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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35
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Tong N, He Z, Ma Y, Wang Z, Huang Z, Cao H, Xu L, Zou Y, Wang W, Yi C, Yin Z, Wang Q. Tumor Associated Macrophages, as the Dominant Immune Cells, Are an Indispensable Target for Immunologically Cold Tumor-Glioma Therapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706286. [PMID: 34368156 PMCID: PMC8337013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cornerstone of the occurrence, development, invasion and diffusion of the malignant central nerve system (CNS) tumor, glioma. As the largest number of inflammatory cells in glioma TME, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their secreted factors are indispensable to the progression of glioma, which is a well-known immunologically “cold” tumor, including the growth of tumor cells, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, cancer immunosuppression and metabolism. TAMs intimately interface with the treatment failure and poor prognosis of glioma patients, and their density increases with increasing glioma grade. Recently, great progress has been made in TAM-targeting for anti-tumor therapy. According to TAMs’ function in tumorigenesis and progression, the major anti-tumor treatment strategies targeting TAMs are to hinder macrophage recruitment in TME, reduce TAMs viability or remodel TAMs phenotype from M2 to M1. Different approaches offer unique and effective anti-tumor effect by regulating the phagocytosis, polarization and pro-tumor behaviors of macrophages in the therapy of glioma. The present review summarizes the significant characteristics and related mechanisms of TAMs and addresses the related research progress on targeting TAMs in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Breast Surgery Department, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanyang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenpeng Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Ma J, Chen CC, Li M. Macrophages/Microglia in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115775. [PMID: 34071306 PMCID: PMC8198046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interaction between glioblastoma and its microenvironment has been recognized for decades. Among various immune profiles, the major population is tumor-associated macrophage, with microglia as its localized homolog. The present definition of such myeloid cells is based on a series of cell markers. These good sentinel cells experience significant changes, facilitating glioblastoma development and protecting it from therapeutic treatments. Huge, complicated mechanisms are involved during the overall processes. A lot of effort has been dedicated to crack the mysterious codes in macrophage/microglia recruiting, activating, reprogramming, and functioning. We have made our path. With more and more key factors identified, a lot of new therapeutic methods could be explored to break the ominous loop, to enhance tumor sensitivity to treatments, and to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. However, it might be a synergistic system rather than a series of clear, stepwise events. There are still significant challenges before the light of truth can shine onto the field. Here, we summarize recent advances in this field, reviewing the path we have been on and where we are now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Li
- Correspondence: (C.C.C.); (M.L.)
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37
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Liu J, Wei Y, Wu Y, Li J, Sun J, Ren G, Li H. ATP2C2 Has Potential to Define Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657950. [PMID: 33936088 PMCID: PMC8079766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital for the occurrence and development of breast cancer (BRCA). However, it remains challenging to understand the dynamic modulation of the stromal and immune components comprehensively in TME. Herein, we used ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate the number of stromal and immune components and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in 582 BRCA cases from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. We employed three regression models including univariable Cox proportion, LASSO regression model and multivariate Cox regression, and identified 7 immune-specific genes related to BRCA survival. Of 7 genes, ATPase Secretory Pathway Ca2+ Transporting 2 (ATP2C2) attracts our attention for significantly predicting prognosis of BRCA patients. Further analysis indicated that ATP2C2 expression was closely related to the clinicopathological features (age, T- and N-staging) and negatively correlated with patients' survival in BRCA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to reveal pathway enrichment between ATP2C2high and ATP2C2low groups. The low ATP2C2 expression groups' genes were mainly enriched for immune-related activities, while those in the ATP2C2 high-expression group were largely enriched in metabolic-related pathways. Notably, Pearson's correlation analysis identified that ATP2C2 expression was positively correlated with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and negatively correlated with gamma delta (γδ) T cell, suggesting that ATP2C2 might be accountable for the maintenance of immune-dominant status for TME. To sum up, this study comprehensively analyzed the TME and shed light on prognostic immune-related biomarkers for BRCA. In particular, ATP2C2 might be helpful for predicting the prognosis of BRCA patients, which provided an extra insight for BRCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhou Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushen Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Zhang J, Jin S, Xiao W, Zhu X, Jia C, Lin Z. Long noncoding RNA LINC00641 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression via sponging microRNA-340-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:210. [PMID: 33853611 PMCID: PMC8048250 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have played critical roles in tumor occurrence and progression. LINC00641 has been reported to be involved in the initiation and development of several cancers in the recent years. However, the detailed biological role of LINC00641 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains largely unclear. METHODS In this study, the expression and biological function of LINC00641 were assessed in renal carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation, migration and colony formation assay were performed to explore the effect of LINC00641on growth, progression and invasion of RCC cell. qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay were also carried out. RESULTS The expression of LINC00641 was overexpressed in RCC tissues and cell lines, and high LINC00641 expression was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage. Furthermore, Silencing of LINC00641 remarkably inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasive capacities, as well as increasing the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-340-5p was validated to be targeted by LINC00641 and knockdown of miR-340-5p counteracted LINC00641 silencing-mediated inhibition of RCC progression. In addition, in vivo experiment confirmed the findings discovered in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that LINC00641 promoted the progression of RCC by sponging miR-340-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shengming Jin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuchao Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyou Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongming Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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39
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Huang Q, Liang X, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Chen C, Wang W, Niu J, Lou J, Guo W. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma progression - therapeutic implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:525-539. [PMID: 33788151 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Compared with previous treatment modalities, such as amputation, more recent comprehensive treatment modalities based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery have improved the survival rates of patients. Osteosarcoma treatment has, however, not further improved in recent years. Therefore, attention has shifted to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which osteosarcoma cells are embedded. Therapeutic targets in the TME may be key to improving osteosarcoma treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most common immune cells within the TME. TAMs in osteosarcoma may account for over 50% of the immune cells, and may play important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, drug resistance and metastasis. Knowledge on the role of TAMs in the development, progression and treatment of osteosarcoma is gradually improving, although different or even opposing opinions still remain. CONCLUSIONS TAMs may participate in the malignant progression of osteosarcoma through self-polarization, the promotion of blood vessel and lymphatic vessel formation, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. Besides, various immune checkpoint proteins expressed on the surface of TAMs, such as PD-1 and CD47, provide the possibility of the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several clinical trials have been carried out and/or are in progress. Mifamotide and the immune checkpoint inhibitor Camrelizumab were both found to be effective in prolonging progression-free survival. Thus, TAMs may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Targeting TAMs as a complementary therapy is expected to improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Further efforts may be made to identify potential beneficiaries of TAM-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbing Lou
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China.
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40
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Xuan W, Lesniak MS, James CD, Heimberger AB, Chen P. Context-Dependent Glioblastoma-Macrophage/Microglia Symbiosis and Associated Mechanisms. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:280-292. [PMID: 33663953 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal form of primary brain tumor in human adults. The impact of tumor-intrinsic alterations is not exclusively confined to cancer cells but can also be extended to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glioblastoma-associated macrophages/microglia (GAMs) are a prominent type of immune cells that account for up to 50% of total cells in GBM. Emerging evidence suggests that context-dependent GBM-GAM symbiotic interactions are pivotal for tumor growth and progression. Here, we discuss how specific genetic alterations in GBM cells affect GAM biology and, reciprocally, how GAMs support GBM progression. We hypothesize that understanding context-dependent GBM-GAM symbiosis may reveal the molecular basis of GBM tumorigenesis and lead to novel candidate treatment approaches aiming to improve GBM patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77007, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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41
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Peng Y, Chen F, Li S, Liu X, Wang C, Yu C, Li W. Tumor‐associated macrophages as treatment targets in glioma. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2020.9050015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), can be categorized into 4 grades according to the World Health Organization. The most malignant glioma type is grade Ⅳ, also named glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the standard treatment of concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and radiotherapy after maximum resection does not improve overall survival in patients with GBM. Targeting components of the CNS microenvironment represents a new strategy for improving the efficacy of glioma treatment. Most recent studies focused on T cells. However, there is a growing body of evidence that tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression and can be regulated by a wide array of cytokines or chemokines. New TAM‐associated immunotherapies may improve clinical outcomes by blocking tumor progression and prolonging survival. However, understanding the exact roles and possible mechanisms of TAMs in the tumor environment is necessary for developing this promising therapeutic target and identifying potential diagnostic markers for improved prognosis. This review summarizes the possible interactions between TAMs and glioma progression and discusses the potential therapeutic directions for TAM‐associated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Peng
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
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42
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Yang X, Cai S, Shu Y, Deng X, Zhang Y, He N, Wan L, Chen X, Qu Y, Yu S. Exosomal miR-487a derived from m2 macrophage promotes the progression of gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:434-444. [PMID: 33522393 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1878326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages contribute to cell growth, development, and metastasis in various cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of M2 macrophage that modulate the progression of gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we detected the ratio of macrophages in GC tissues and found that the proportion of M2 macrophages was increased in GC tissues. We then co-cultured GC cells with M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively, and then assessed cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of GC cells by MTT and colony formation assay. The results indicated that M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation of GC cells, but M1 not. Besides, GW4869, an exosomes inhibitor, reduced the effects induced by M2 macrophage. Then, we isolated and identified exosomes derived from M1 and M2 macrophage, and confirmed that the exosomes could be taken up by GC cells. We demonstrated that M2 macrophage-exosomes could induce the proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-487a was enriched in M2 macrophage-exosomes and further determined that miR-487a exert the functions by targeting TIA1. In conclusion, exosomal miR-487a derived from M2 macrophage promotes the proliferation and tumorigenesis in gastric cancer, and the novel findings might be helpful to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Xun Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Nian He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
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43
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Zeng F, Luo L, Song M, Li D. Silencing of circular RNA PUM1 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through the miR-340-5p/FABP7 axis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:141-150. [PMID: 33472512 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1870494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) monitor the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the role of CircPUM1 in ccRCC malignancy is not studied. We estimated the mechanism of CircPUM1 in ccRCC progression in this study. CircPUM1 expression in ccRCC tissues and cells was detected. The expression of CircPUM1 was interfered in ccRCC cells, and its effects on the growth of ccRCC cells were studied. Nuclear/cytosol fractionation assay was performed for the location of CircPUM1, and the downstream miR, gene, and pathway involved in ccRCC progression were explored through gain- and loss-of-function experiments. CircPUM1 was highly expressed in ccRCC samples and cells. Inhibition of CircPUM1 prevented the growth ccRCC cells. CircPUM1 was localized in the cytoplasm and bound to miR-340-5p. Overexpression of miR-340-5p inhibited the growth of ccRCC cells. miR-340-5p targeted FABP7, and CircPUM1 induced FABP7 expression and the activation of MEK/ERK pathway through competitively binding to miR-340-5p. Overexpression of FABP7 attenuated the inhibitory effect of CircPUM1 silencing on the growth of ccRCC cells. Overall, CircPUM1 upregulates FABP7 expression by competitively binding to miR-340-5p, and then activates the MEK/ERK pathway, thus promoting ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Liumei Luo
- Division of Science and Education, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Mi Song
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Daoyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan, P.R. China
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44
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Yang S, Jiang W, Yang W, Yang C, Yang X, Chen K, Hu Y, Shen G, Lu L, Cheng F, Zhang F, Rao J, Wang X. Epigenetically modulated miR-1224 suppresses the proliferation of HCC through CREB-mediated activation of YAP signaling pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:944-958. [PMID: 33614242 PMCID: PMC7868928 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has demonstrated that microRNA-1224 (miR-1224) is commonly downregulated and serves as a tumor suppressor in multiple malignancies. However, the role and mechanisms responsible for miR-1224 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-1224 was downregulated in HCC. Low miR-1224 expression was associated with poor clinicopathologic features and short overall survival. Moreover, the methylation status of putative CpG islands was also found to be an important part in the modulation of miR-1224 expression. miR-1224 could induce HCC cells to arrest in G0/G1 phase and inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation showed that by binding with cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) miR-1224 could repress the transcription and the activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of miR-1224 was inhibited by CREB through EZH2-mediated histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) on miR-1224 promoter, thus forming a positive feedback circuit. Our findings identify a miR-1224/CREB feedback loop for HCC progression and that blocking this circuit may represent a promising target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Yang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 210500, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinchen Yang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Keyan Chen
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuanchang Hu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gefenqiang Shen
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210029, China
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45
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Huang Z, Xu Y, Wan M, Zeng X, Wu J. miR-340: A multifunctional role in human malignant diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:236-246. [PMID: 33390846 PMCID: PMC7757049 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.51123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which function by binding to the 3' UTR sequences of their target mRNAs. It has been reported that dysregulated miRNAs play pivotal roles in numerous diseases, including cancers, such as gastric, breast, colorectal, ovarian, and other cancers. Recent research efforts have been devoted to translating these basic discoveries into clinical applications that could improve the therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer. Early studies have shown that miR-340 may act either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor by targeting genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis, as well as those associated with diagnosis, treatment, chemoresistance, and prognosis. miR-340 has been shown to have a role in other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, acute stroke, and alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, the roles of miR-340 in human malignancies are still unclear, and the associated mechanisms are complex, involving a variety of signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin and the JAK-STAT pathways. Herein, we review the crucial roles of miR-340 in human cancers through the analysis of the latest research studies, with the aim of clarifying miR-340 function in malignant disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and to propose further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P.R. China
| | - Yesha Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Maoping Wan
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Liu Z, Lv L, Li P, Xiu B, Qian W, Liang A. MiRNA-340-5p mediates the functional and infiltrative promotion of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T lymphocytes in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:238. [PMID: 33168024 PMCID: PMC7653890 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (T-TILs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumor development, and miRNAs regulate tumor cell interactions with the microenvironment. T-TIL-based tumor immunotherapy provides a promising treatment strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MiRNAs tend to be attractive targets for novel antitumor interventions. Methods Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), CIBERSORT analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify CD8+ T-TIL-related miRNAs. RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), luciferase reporter assay, coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyses were used to detect miRNA, mRNA and protein expression and their combination. The viability and function of CD8+ T cells after stimulation were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cytotoxicity assay, functional avidity assessment, flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. DLBCL cell lines, primary cells and a murine xenograft model established with A20 cell injection were used as in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Results MiR-340-5p was positively correlated with CD8+ T-TILs in DLBCL patients, and KMT5A was a direct target gene of miR-340-5p. CD8+ T-cell function was significantly enhanced by miR-340-5p mimics both in vitro and in vivo, which was reversed by KMT5A overexpression. We demonstrated that COP1/CD73 was involved in the downstream mechanism of the miR-340-5p/KMT5A axis involving ubiquitination. In vivo, we validated an improved CD8+ T-TIL infiltration rate and tumor suppression with miR-340-5p treatment. Furthermore, miR-340-5p directly regulated the biological activity of DLBCL cells without CD8+ T-cell participation. Conclusions MiR-340-5p promoted CD8+ T-TIL infiltration and antitumor function by regulating KMT5A and COP1 and further activating CD73 ubiquitination. MiR-340-5p is potentially a novel target for DLBCL immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01752-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lixin Lv
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Bing Xiu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Fu X, Zhang P, Song H, Wu C, Li S, Li S, Yan C. LTBP1 plays a potential bridge between depressive disorder and glioblastoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:391. [PMID: 33059753 PMCID: PMC7566028 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant tumor in human brain. Diagnosis and treatment of GBM may lead to psychological disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders. There was no research focusing on the correlation between depressive/anxiety disorder and the outcome of GBM. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of depressive/anxiety disorder correlated with the outcome of GBM patients, as well as the overlapped mechanism bridge which could link depressive/anxiety disorders and GBM. Methods Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to investigate the psychological condition of GBM patients in our department. To further explore the potential mechanism, bioinformatic methods were used to screen out genes that could be indicators of outcome in GBM, followed by gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Further, cellular experiments were conducted to evaluate the proliferation, migration capacity of primary GBM cells from the patients. Results It was revealed that patients with higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores had significantly worse prognosis than their lower-scored counterparts. Bioinformatic mining revealed that LTBP1 could be a potential genetic mechanism in both depressive/anxiety disorder and GBM. Primary GBM cells with different expression level of LTBP1 should significantly different proliferation and migration capacity. GO, KEGG analysis confirmed that extracellular matrix (ECM) was the most enriched function of LTBP1. PPI network showed the interaction of proteins altered by LTBP1. Hub genes COL1A2, COL5A1 and COL10A1, as well as mesenchymal marker CD44 and Vimentin were statistically higher expressed in LTBP1 high group; while proneural marker E-cadherin was significantly higher expressed in low LTBP1 group. Conclusion There is closely correlation between depressive/anxiety disorders and GBM. LTBP1 could be a potential bridge linking the two diseases through the regulation of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093, China.,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwang Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | | | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Changxiang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xiangshanyikesong 50#, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Chen X, Li D, Chen L, Hao B, Gao Y, Li L, Zhou C, He X, Cao Y. Long noncoding RNA LINC00346 promotes glioma cell migration, invasion and proliferation by up-regulating ROCK1. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13010-13019. [PMID: 32996285 PMCID: PMC7701529 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs have key roles in glioma progression. However, the function and mechanisms of action of the long noncoding RNA, LINC00346, in glioma remain unclear. In our study, we observed that LINC00346 levels were increased in glioma tissue samples, and according to Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, its levels were related to disease‐free survival and overall survival rates, suggesting that a high level of LINC00346 expression corresponds to a poor prognosis. We next confirmed the high levels of LINC00346 expression in glioma tissues and cell lines and showed that LINC00346 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion; promoted apoptosis; and delayed tumour growth. Moreover, the oncogenic function of LINC00346 may be explained, in part, by the down‐regulation of miR‐340‐5p and the de‐repression of ROCK1. We showed that LINC00346 may function as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐340‐5p, thereby de‐repressing ROCK1. This study revealed a new regulatory network in glioma and identified potential therapeutic targets for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changshuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rezaei O, Honarmand K, Nateghinia S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miRNA signature in glioblastoma: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104550. [PMID: 33010295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcripts with sizes of about 22 nucleotides, which are produced through a multistep process in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These transcripts modulate the expression of their target genes through binding with certain target regions, particularly 3' suntranslated regions. They are involved in the pathogenesis of several kinds of cancers, such as glioblastoma. Several miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-17-92-cluster, and miR-93, have been up-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines and clinical samples. On the other hand, expression of miR-7, miR-29b, miR-32, miR-34, miR-181 family members, and a number of other miRNAs have been decreased in this type of cancer. In the current review, we explain the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma through providing a summary of studies that reported dysregulation of these epigenetic effectors in this kind of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nateghinia
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Chatterjee B, Saha P, Bose S, Shukla D, Chatterjee N, Kumar S, Tripathi PP, Srivastava AK. MicroRNAs: As Critical Regulators of Tumor- Associated Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197117. [PMID: 32992449 PMCID: PMC7582892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging shreds of evidence suggest that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) modulate various hallmarks of cancer during tumor progression. Tumor microenvironment (TME) prime TAMs to execute important roles in cancer development and progression, including angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical epigenetic regulators, which modulate various functions in diverse types of cells, including macrophages associated with TME. In this review article, we provide an update on miRNAs regulating differentiation, maturation, activation, polarization, and recruitment of macrophages in the TME. Furthermore, extracellular miRNAs are secreted from cancerous cells, which control macrophages phenotypic plasticity to support tumor growth. In return, TAMs also secrete various miRNAs that regulate tumor growth. Herein, we also describe the recent updates on the molecular connection between tumor cells and macrophages. A better understanding of the interaction between miRNAs and TAMs will provide new pharmacological targets to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilash Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Subhankar Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Devendra Shukla
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, WB 700026, India;
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India;
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB 700032, India; (B.C.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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