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Contreras A, Sánchez SA, Rodríguez-Medina C, Botero JE. The role and impact of viruses on cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641954 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Amaya Sánchez
- Advanced Periodontology Program, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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2
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Wang L, Howell MEA, Hensley CR, Ning K, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ, Ning S. The master antioxidant defense is activated during EBV latent infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0095323. [PMID: 37877721 PMCID: PMC10688347 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00953-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first report delineating the activation of the master antioxidant defense during EBV latency. We show that EBV-triggered reactive oxygen species production activates the Keap1-NRF2 pathway in EBV-transformed cells, and LMP1 plays a major role in this event, and the stress-related kinase TBK1 is required for NRF2 activation. Moreover, we show that the Keap1-NRF2 pathway is important for cell proliferation and EBV latency maintenance. Our findings disclose how EBV controls the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, which greatly improve our understanding of EBV latency and pathogenesis and may be leveraged to opportunities toward the improvement of therapeutic outcomes in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary E. A. Howell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Culton R. Hensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katharine Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Ruiz-Pablos M, Paiva B, Zabaleta A. Epstein-Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis-Is it present in long COVID? J Transl Med 2023; 21:633. [PMID: 37718435 PMCID: PMC10506247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID (LC) are characterized by similar immunological alterations, persistence of chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory state, viral reactivation, hypocortisolism, and microclot formation. They also present with similar symptoms such as asthenia, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological and gastrointestinal complaints. In addition, both pathologies present Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, indicating the possibility of this virus being the link between both pathologies. Therefore, we propose that latency and recurrent EBV reactivation could generate an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in three steps: first, an acquired EBV immunodeficiency develops in individuals with "weak" EBV HLA-II haplotypes, which prevents the control of latency I cells. Second, ectopic lymphoid structures with EBV latency form in different tissues (including the CNS), promoting inflammatory responses and further impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Finally, immune exhaustion occurs due to chronic exposure to viral antigens, with consolidation of the disease. In the case of LC, prior to the first step, there is the possibility of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with "weak" HLA-II haplotypes against this virus and/or EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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4
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh Doulabi B, Sun Y, Liu Y. Paradox: Curcumin, a Natural Antioxidant, Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cells via Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11975. [PMID: 37569346 PMCID: PMC10418684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive tumor with a rare incidence. Extended surgical resections are the prevalent treatment for OS, which may cause critical-size bone defects. These bone defects lead to dysfunction, weakening the post-surgical quality of patients' life. Hence, an ideal therapeutic agent for OS should simultaneously possess anti-cancer and bone repair capacities. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported in OS therapy and bone regeneration. However, it is not clear how CUR suppresses OS development. Conventionally, CUR is considered a natural antioxidant in line with its capacity to promote the nuclear translocation of a nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2). After nuclear translocation, NRF2 can activate the transcription of some antioxidases, thereby circumventing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are deleterious to cells. Intriguingly, this research demonstrated that, in vitro, 10 and 20 μM CUR increased the intracellular ROS in MG-63 cells, damaged cells' DNA, and finally caused apoptosis of MG-63 cells, although increased NRF2 protein level and the expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidase genes were identified in those two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.X.); (M.W.); (B.Z.D.); (Y.S.)
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5
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Zhang W, Zhong R, Qu X, Xiang Y, Ji M. Effect of 8-Hydroxyguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 on the Function of Immune Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1300. [PMID: 37372030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause an imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation, leading to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body. The most common product of ROS-induced base damage is 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG). Failure to promptly remove 8-oxoG often causes mutations during DNA replication. 8-oxoG is cleared from cells by the 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)-mediated oxidative damage base excision repair pathway so as to prevent cells from suffering dysfunction due to oxidative stress. Physiological immune homeostasis and, in particular, immune cell function are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that inflammation, aging, cancer, and other diseases are related to an imbalance in immune homeostasis caused by oxidative stress. However, the role of the OGG1-mediated oxidative damage repair pathway in the activation and maintenance of immune cell function is unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effect of OGG1 on immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranwei Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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6
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Sausen DG, Basith A, Muqeemuddin S. EBV and Lymphomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072133. [PMID: 37046794 PMCID: PMC10093459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) cannot be understated. Not only does it infect approximately 90% of the world’s population, but it is also associated with numerous pathologies. Diseases linked to this virus include hematologic malignancies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Graves’ disease, and lupus. While treatment for these disease states is ever evolving, much work remains to more fully elucidate the relationship between EBV, its associated disease states, and their treatments. This paper begins with an overview of EBV latency and latency-associated proteins. It will then review EBV’s contributions to select hematologic malignancies with a focus on the contribution of latent proteins as well as their associated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ayeman Basith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Fan J, Lv X, Yang S, Geng S, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Guan G, Luo J, Zeng Q, Yin H, Niu Q. OGG1 inhibition suppresses African swine fever virus replication. Virol Sin 2023; 38:96-107. [PMID: 36435451 PMCID: PMC10006199 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an important pathogen that causes a highly contagious and lethal disease in swine, for which neither a vaccine nor treatment is available. The DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which excises the oxidative base lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), has been linked to the pathogenesis of different diseases associated with viral infections. However, the role of OGG1-base excision repair (BER) in ASFV infection has been poorly investigated. Our study aimed to characterize the alteration of host reactive oxygen species (ROS) and OGG1 and to analyse the role of OGG1 in ASFV infection. We found that ASFV infection induced high levels and dynamic changes in ROS and 8-oxoG and consistently increased the expression of OGG1. Viral yield, transcription level, and protein synthesis were reduced in ASFV-infected primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) treated by TH5487 or SU0268 inhibiting OGG1. The expression of BER pathway associated proteins of ASFV was also suppressed in OGG1-inhibited PAMs. Furthermore, OGG1 was found to negatively regulate interferon β (IFN-β) production during ASFV infection and IFN-β could be activated by OGG1 inhibition with TH5487 and SU0268, which blocked OGG1 binding to 8-oxoG. Additionally, the interaction of OGG1 with viral MGF360-14-L protein could disturb IFN-β production to further affect ASFV replication. These results suggest that OGG1 plays the crucial role in successful viral infection and OGG1 inhibitors SU0268 or TH5487 could be used as antiviral agents for ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xinqian Lv
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Saixia Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shuxian Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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8
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Liang W, Wang S, Wang H, Li X, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Zheng C. When 3D genome technology meets viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5627-5639. [PMID: 35916043 PMCID: PMC9538846 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chromosomes undergo varying degrees of compression to form three-dimensional genome structures. These three-dimensional structures undergo dynamic and precise chromatin interactions to achieve precise spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression. Most eukaryotic DNA viruses can invade their genomes into the nucleus. However, it is still poorly understood how the viral genome is precisely positioned after entering the host cell nucleus to find the most suitable location and whether it can specifically interact with the host genome to hijack the host transcriptional factories or even integrate into the host genome to complete its transcription and replication rapidly. Chromosome conformation capture technology can reveal long-range chromatin interactions between different chromosomal sites in the nucleus, potentially providing a reference for viral DNA-host chromatin interactions. This review summarized the research progress on the three-dimensional interaction between virus and host genome and the impact of virus integration into the host genome on gene transcription regulation, aiming to provide new insights into chromatin interaction and viral gene transcription regulation, laying the foundation for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakouChina
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen, GuangdongChina
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen, GuangdongChina
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen, GuangdongChina
- Shenzhen Key LaboratoryShenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen, GuangdongChina
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakouChina
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceFree University BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
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9
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Epithelial Associated Malignancies: Exploring Pathologies and Current Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214389. [PMID: 36430864 PMCID: PMC9699474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight known herpesviruses with the potential to infect humans. Globally, it is estimated that between 90-95% of the population has been infected with EBV. EBV is an oncogenic virus that has been strongly linked to various epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal and gastric cancer. Recent evidence suggests a link between EBV and breast cancer. Additionally, there are other, rarer cancers with weaker evidence linking them to EBV. In this review, we discuss the currently known epithelial malignancies associated with EBV. Additionally, we discuss and establish which treatments and therapies are most recommended for each cancer associated with EBV.
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Narovlyansky AN, Poloskov VV, Ivanova AM, Mezentseva MV, Suetina IA, Russu LI, Chelarskaya ES, Izmest'eva AV, Ospelnikova TP, Zubashev IK, Sarymsakov AA, Ershov FI. [Interferon-regulating activity of the CelAgrip drug and its influence on the formation of reactive oxygen species and expression of innate immunity genes in Burkitt's lymphome cells cultures.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 65:87-94. [PMID: 32515564 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-2-87-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferons (IFN) and IFN inducers are effective in suppressing viral reproduction and correcting of the innate immunity mechanisms. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the possible involvement of the IFN inducer CelAgrip (CA) as an activator or suppressor of antiviral effects in Burkitt's lymphoma (LB) cell cultures with different ability to produce Epstein-Barr virus antigens (EBV). MATERIAL AND METHODS The kinetic analysis of the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and determination of gene group expression by real-time PCR in response to CA treatment were done in human cell lines LB P3HR-1 and Namalva, spontaneously producing and not producing EBV antigens. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION When treating CA in Namalva cells, a decrease in the ROS activation index was found; in P3HR-1 cells, an increase was observed. After treatment with CA, there was no reliable activation of the IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ genes in Namalva cells, but the expression of the ISG15 and P53(TP53) genes was increased more than 1200 times and 4.5 times, respectively. When processing the CA of P3HR-1 cells, the expression of IFN-α genes increased by more than 200 times, IFN-λ - 100 times, and the ISG15 gene - 2.2 times. The relationship between IFN-inducing action of CA and the activity of ISG15 and ROS in LB cell cultures producing and not producing EBV antigens is supposed. CONCLUSION In Namalva cells that do not produce EBV antigens the treatment of CA results in suppression of ROS generation and activation of the expression of genes ISG15 and P53 (TP53); in P3HR-1 cells producing EBV antigens, the opposite picture is observed - the formation of ROS and the expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes are activated and the activity of the ISG15 and P53 (TP53) genes is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Narovlyansky
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - V V Poloskov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A M Ivanova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - M V Mezentseva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - I A Suetina
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - L I Russu
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - E S Chelarskaya
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A V Izmest'eva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - T P Ospelnikova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - I K Zubashev
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A A Sarymsakov
- Institute of Polymer Chemystry and Physics, Tashkent, 100128, Uzbekistan
| | - F I Ershov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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11
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Jiang H, Song S, Li J, Yin Q, Hu S, Nie Y. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized epicardial cell line. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6070-6081. [PMID: 33822475 PMCID: PMC8406488 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the increasing significance of the epicardium in cardiac development and regeneration is beginning to be recognized. However, because of the small proportion of primary epicardial cells and the limited cell culture time, further research on the mechanism of epicardial cells is hindered. Here, we transfected simian virus 40 Large T (SV40-LT) into primary epicardial cells to establish an immortalized cell line, named EpiSV40. We further demonstrated that EpiSV40 can be easy to culture and has the proliferation, migration and differentiation capacities comparable to primary epicardial cells. EpiSV40 can serve as an ideal in vitro model for epicardial cell research, which will booster the study of the epicardium in cardiac development and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive MedicineCollege of Life SciencesThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qianqian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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12
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Hejrati A, Nurzadeh M, Roham M. Association of coronavirus pathogencity with the level of antioxidants and immune system. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:609-614. [PMID: 34041049 PMCID: PMC8138403 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1007_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are non-living organisms that annually cause many problems for human societies. The spread of some of the most dangerous viruses causing acute pneumonia, including novel Corona virus has led to the largest death toll in the world. With a long incubation period, Corona virus causes many problems for the immune system. Studies have shown that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in reducing infection and boosting the immune system. The immune system of people with chronic infections is often weak. Specific immunity is one of the most important responses to the virus. The present study therefore investigates association of Coronavirus pathogenicity with the level of antioxidants and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hejrati
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nurzadeh
- Department of Fetomaternal, Faculty of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roham
- Infectious Disease Specialist, Antimicrobial-Resistant Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Shindiapina P, Ahmed EH, Mozhenkova A, Abebe T, Baiocchi RA. Immunology of EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease in HIV-Positive Individuals. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1723. [PMID: 33102204 PMCID: PMC7556212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) can directly cause lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), including AIDS-defining lymphomas such as Burkitt’s lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of EBV in HL and NHL is elevated in HIV-positive individuals compared with the general population. Rates of incidence of AIDS-defining cancers have been declining in HIV-infected individuals since initiation of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) use in 1996. However, HIV-infected persons remain at an increased risk of cancers related to infections with oncogenic viruses. Proposed pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-related cancers include decreased immune surveillance, decreased ability to suppress infection-related oncogenic processes and a state of chronic inflammation marked by alteration of the cytokine profile and expanded numbers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with down-regulated co-stimulatory molecules and increased expression of markers of senescence in the setting of treated HIV infection. Here we discuss the cooperation of EBV-infected B cell- and environment-associated factors that may contribute to EBV-related lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals. Environment-derived lymphomagenic factors include impaired host adaptive and innate immune surveillance, cytokine dysregulation and a pro-inflammatory state observed in the setting of chronic, cART-treated HIV infection. B cell factors include distinctive EBV latency patterns and host protein expression in HIV-associated LPD, as well as B cell-stimulating factors derived from HIV infection. We review the future directions for expanding therapeutic approaches in targeting the viral and immune components of EBV LPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elshafa H Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna Mozhenkova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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14
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Kim SJ, Cheresh P, Jablonski RP, Rachek L, Yeldandi A, Piseaux-Aillon R, Ciesielski MJ, Ridge K, Gottardi C, Lam AP, Pardo A, Selman M, Natarajan V, Kamp DW. Mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase mitigates alveolar epithelial cell PINK1 deficiency, mitochondrial DNA damage, apoptosis, and lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1084-L1096. [PMID: 32209025 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis, arising from mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defects, is important in mediating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our group established a role for the mitochondrial (mt) DNA base excision repair enzyme, 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (mtOGG1), in preventing oxidant-induced AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis and showed that OGG1-deficient mice have increased lung fibrosis. Herein, we determined whether mice overexpressing the mtOGG1 transgene (mtOgg1tg) are protected against lung fibrosis and whether AEC mtOGG1 preservation of mtDNA integrity mitigates phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) deficiency and apoptosis. Compared with wild type (WT), mtOgg1tg mice have diminished asbestos- and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis that was accompanied by reduced lung and AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis. Asbestos and H2O2 promote the MLE-12 cell PINK1 deficiency, as assessed by reductions in the expression of PINK1 mRNA and mitochondrial protein expression. Compared with WT, Pink1-knockout (Pink1-KO) mice are more susceptible to asbestos-induced lung fibrosis and have increased lung and alveolar type II (AT2) cell mtDNA damage and apoptosis. AT2 cells from Pink1-KO mice and PINK1-silenced (siRNA) MLE-12 cells have increased mtDNA damage that is augmented by oxidative stress. Interestingly, mtOGG1 overexpression attenuates oxidant-induced MLE-12 cell mtDNA damage and apoptosis despite PINK1 silencing. mtDNA damage is increased in the lungs of patients with IPF as compared with controls. Collectively, these findings suggest that mtOGG1 maintenance of AEC mtDNA is crucial for preventing PINK1 deficiency that promotes apoptosis and lung fibrosis. Given the key role of AEC apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis, strategies aimed at preserving AT2 cell mtDNA integrity may be an innovative target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renea P Jablonski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lyudmila Rachek
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Anjana Yeldandi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raul Piseaux-Aillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark J Ciesielski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cara Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna P Lam
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David W Kamp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Mechanistic Insights into Chemoresistance Mediated by Oncogenic Viruses in Lymphomas. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121161. [PMID: 31888174 PMCID: PMC6950054 DOI: 10.3390/v11121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral lymphomagenesis induced by infection with oncogenic viruses, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1), represents a group of aggressive malignancies with a diverse range of pathological features. Combined chemotherapy remains the standard of care for these virus-associated lymphomas; however, frequent chemoresistance is a barrier to achieving successful long-term disease-free survival. There is increasing evidence that indicates virus-associated lymphomas display more resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents than that observed in solid tumors. Although the tumor microenvironment and genetic changes, such as key oncogene mutations, are closely related to chemoresistance, some studies demonstrate that the components of oncogenic viruses themselves play pivotal roles in the multidrug chemoresistance of lymphoma cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms through which oncogenic viruses mediate lymphoma cell chemoresistance, with a particular focus on KSHV and EBV, two major oncogenic viruses. We also discuss the current challenges to overcome these obstacles in the treatment of virus-associated lymphomas.
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