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Yan P, Wang G, Huang M, Liu Z, Dai C, Hu B, Gu M, Deng Z, Liu R, Wang X, Liu T. Combinatorial Biosynthesis Creates a Novel Aglycone Polyether with High Potency and Low Side Effects Against Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404668. [PMID: 38935027 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polyethers play a crucial role in the development of anticancer drugs. To enhance the anticancer efficacy and reduce the toxicity of these compounds, thereby advancing their application in cancer treatment, herein, guided by the structure-activity relationships of aglycone polyethers, novel aglycone polyethers are rationally redesigned with potentially improved efficacy and reduced toxicity against tumors. To realize the biosynthesis of the novel aglycone polyethers, the gene clusters and the post-polyketide synthase tailoring pathways for aglycone polyethers endusamycin and lenoremycin are identified and subjected to combinatorial biosynthesis studies, resulting in the creation of a novel aglycone polyether termed End-16, which demonstrates significant potential for treating bladder cancer (BLCA). End-16 demonstrates the ability to suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cellular protrusions formation of BLCA cells, as well as induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Notably, End-16 exhibits superior inhibitory activity and fewer side effects against BLCA compared to the frontline anti-BLCA drug cisplatin in vivo, thereby warranting further preclinical studies. This study highlights the significant potential of integrating combinatorial biosynthesis strategies with rational design to create unnatural products with enhanced pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Precision Cancer Diagnostic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Meijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Bueno APA, Clark O, Turnure M, Moreira ES, Chang J, Hou N, Li S, Kim R, Kearney M, Kirker M, Kanas G. Physician reported treatment patterns and outcomes in metastatic bladder cancer in the USA: the CancerMPact ® Survey 2020. Future Oncol 2024; 20:613-622. [PMID: 37357780 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed physician-reported treatment patterns for metastatic bladder cancer. Materials & methods: A total of 106 USA-based physicians were surveyed in 2020 using the CancerMPact® online survey. Results: Among cisplatin-eligible patients, 86.1% received first-line (1L) platinum-containing chemotherapy, most commonly cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and 9.8% received immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. Among cisplatin-ineligible patients, 46.5% received 1L platinum-containing chemotherapy, most commonly carboplatin plus gemcitabine and 46.2% received 1L immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Approximately 44% of patients who received 1L treatment received second-line (2L) therapy after progression. Conclusion: Platinum-containing chemotherapy was the most widely reported 1L treatment approach. A high proportion of patients received no 2L therapy. Validation in an updated dataset is warranted following the practice-changing approvals of avelumab 1L maintenance and additional 2L options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula A Bueno
- Cerner Enviza, An Oracle Company, Av. das Nações Unidas 14171 15º andar, Morumbi São Paulo/SP CEP 04794-000, Brazil
| | - Otavio Clark
- Cerner Enviza, An Oracle Company, 2300 Oracle Wy, Austin, TX 78741, USA
| | - Matthew Turnure
- Cerner Enviza, An Oracle Company, 2300 Oracle Wy, Austin, TX 78741, USA
| | - Eloisa S Moreira
- Cerner Enviza, An Oracle Company, Av. das Nações Unidas 14171 15º andar, Morumbi São Paulo/SP CEP 04794-000, Brazil
| | - Jane Chang
- Pfizer Inc, 235 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Ningqi Hou
- Pfizer Inc, 235 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Si Li
- Pfizer Inc, 235 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Ruth Kim
- Pfizer Inc, 235 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Mairead Kearney
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250 Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | | | - Gena Kanas
- Cerner Enviza, An Oracle Company, 2300 Oracle Wy, Austin, TX 78741, USA
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Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Falcon-Perez JM, Royo F. The Role of Longevity Assurance Homolog 2/Ceramide Synthase 2 in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15668. [PMID: 37958652 PMCID: PMC10650086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human CERS2 gene encodes a ceramide synthase enzyme, known as CERS2 (ceramide synthase 2). This protein is also known as LASS2 (LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2) and TMSG1 (tumor metastasis-suppressor gene 1). Although previously described as a tumor suppressor for different types of cancer, such as prostate or liver cancer, it has also been observed to promote tumor growth in adenocarcinoma. In this review, we focus on the influence of CERS2 in bladder cancer (BC), approaching the existing literature about its structure and activity, as well as the miRNAs regulating its expression. From a mechanistic point of view, different explanations for the role of CERS2 as an antitumor protein have been proposed, including the production of long-chain ceramides, interaction with vacuolar ATPase, and its function as inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. In addition, we reviewed the literature specifically studying the expression of this gene in both BC and biopsy-derived tumor cell lines, complementing this with an analysis of public gene expression data and its association with disease progression. We also discuss the importance of CERS2 as a biomarker and the presence of CERS2 mRNA in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bilen MA, Robinson SB, Schroeder A, Peng J, Kim R, Liu FX, Bhanegaonkar A. Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Receiving First-Line Systemic Treatment (the IMPACT UC I Study). Oncologist 2023; 28:790-798. [PMID: 37432283 PMCID: PMC10485286 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IMPACT UC I study assessed real-world treatment patterns, outcomes, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving first-line (1L) systemic treatment after the FDA approval of 1L immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study used 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims from 1/1/2015 to 6/30/2019 to identify patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with UC with evidence of metastatic disease, continuously enrolled for 6 months before and after initial diagnosis. Patients were grouped by 1L treatment: cisplatin-containing chemotherapy, carboplatin-containing chemotherapy, ICI monotherapy, or nonplatinum-containing therapy. Unadjusted time on 1L treatment (TOT), overall survival (OS), HCRU, and total healthcare costs were analyzed. RESULTS Of 18 888 patients with mUC, 8630 (45.7%) had received identified 1L systemic treatment; platinum-containing chemotherapy was the most common (cisplatin-containing chemotherapy, 37.6%; carboplatin-containing chemotherapy, 30.2%). Cisplatin- and carboplatin-containing chemotherapy had the shortest time-to-treatment initiation (median, 1.7-3.0 months) and longest TOT (median, 4.0-4.3 months). Median OS was longest with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy (20.0 months) and shortest with ICI monotherapy (7.6 months). Cisplatin- and carboplatin-containing chemotherapy were associated with highest HCRU; total healthcare costs were approximately 2-fold higher with ICI monotherapy vs other 1L treatments ($10 359 vs $5042-$5709 per patient per month). CONCLUSION 1L platinum-containing chemotherapy resulted in the longest median OS and highest HCRU, whereas 1L ICI treatment had the shortest median OS and the highest costs. Over 50% of patients diagnosed with advanced UC (aUC) received no systemic therapy, highlighting the importance of optimal 1L treatment decisions in aUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank X Liu
- EMD Serono, Inc., Rockland, MA, USAan affiliate of Merck KGaA
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Hui G, Stefanoudakis D, Zektser Y, Isaacs DJ, Hannigan C, Pantuck AJ, Drakaki A. Do Cancer Genetics Impact Treatment Decision Making? Immunotherapy and Beyond in the Management of Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7398-7411. [PMID: 37623017 PMCID: PMC10452970 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed genitourinary malignancies. For many years, the primary treatment for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) was predicated on the use of platinum-based chemotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were approved by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA for use in both the first- and second-line settings. This review outlines the approved ICIs for mUC in the second-line setting and as an alternative to chemotherapy in the first-line setting, as well as the novel agents that have also been incorporated into the treatment of this malignancy. Single-agent ICIs are often used in second-line settings in mUC, and there are three drugs currently approved for those who progress after receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. In the first-line setting, the preferred treatment regimen remains cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, single-agent ICI can be an alternative first-line treatment for those who are not candidates for cisplatin-based therapy. There are also clinical trials adding ICIs to chemotherapy as combination regimens. However, treatment for mUC has now expanded even beyond immunotherapy. Newer targeted agents such as erdafitinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, and two antibody-drug conjugates, enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan, have been recently approved. As new drug agents are discovered, it will be important to assess both the treatment outcomes as well as the effects on patients' quality of life. Furthermore, integrating genetic and molecular information can help guide treatment decisions as next-generation sequencing is more commonly acquired during the evaluation of newly diagnosed patients with advanced and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Yuliya Zektser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dayna Jill Isaacs
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher Hannigan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Allan J. Pantuck
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Kanagaraj P, Balasubramanian A, Suresh R, Somasundaram B, Sundaram S, Nagarajan P. Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD-1 and FOXP3 in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Human Gliomas. Cureus 2023; 15:e42352. [PMID: 37621817 PMCID: PMC10445181 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the growing advances in molecular research and therapeutics, gliomas continue to be highly invasive and progressive tumors. There is still a need for the development of reliable prognostic biomarkers for effective therapeutic intervention. This study aims to investigate the extent of immunosuppression in glial tumors by analyzing the clinical significance of the expressions of PD-1 and FOXP3 in gliomas. Methods This is a retrospective study from 52 glioma patients who underwent surgery. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-1 and FOXP3 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections manually and their expressions were noted. Data on IDH1 mutational status and mitotic index was collected and statistically analyzed. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that out of 52 cases, 71.15% (37/52) demonstrated cytoplasmic positivity for PD-1 and 73.1% (38/52) of the cases for nuclear FOXP3 expression. Statistical analysis suggested that elevated PD-1 and FOXP3 expressions were significantly correlated with tumor grade and increased mitotic index (P<0.05 for both the markers). Conclusion Concurrent use of checkpoint inhibitors along with other treatment modalities is being studied in a variety of solid tumors. Expressions of negative immune regulators like PD-1 and Foxp3 can pave way for a better understanding of the extent of immunosuppression in the glial tumor environment, which is imperative to formulate new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kanagaraj
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Raveena Suresh
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Jin Y, Li J, Tang C, He K, Shan D, Yan S, Deng G. A risk signature of necroptosis-related lncRNA to predict prognosis and probe molecular characteristics for male with bladder cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33664. [PMID: 37145007 PMCID: PMC10158872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a frequently diagnosed cancer with high mortality. Male patients have a higher risk of developing BC than female patients. As a type of caspase-independent cell death, necroptosis plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of BC. The aberrant function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays an indispensable role in GI. However, the relationship between lncRNA and necroptosis in male patients with BC remains unclear. The clinical information and RNA-sequencing profiles of all BC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. A total of 300 male participants were selected for the study. We conducted to identify the necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs) by Pearson correlation analysis. Subsequently, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression were conducted to establish a risk signature with overall survival-related NRLs in the training set and to validate it in the testing set. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of the 15-NRLs signature in prognostic prediction and therapy via survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and Cox regression. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the signature risk score and pathway enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration, anticancer drug sensitivity, and somatic gene mutations. We developed 15-NRLs (AC009974.1, AC140118.2, LINC00323, LINC02872, PCAT19, AC017104.1, AC134312.5, AC147067.2, AL139351.1, AL355922.1, LINC00844, AC069503.1, AP003721.1, DUBR, LINC02863) signature, and divided patients into a high-risk group and low-risk group through the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the prognosis prediction had satisfactory accuracy. Cox regression analysis indicated that the 15-NRLs signature was a risk factor independent of various clinical parameters. Additionally, immune cell infiltration, half-maximal inhibitory concentration, and somatic gene mutations differed significantly among different risk subsets, implying that the signature could assess the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This 15-NRLs risk signature may be helpful in assessing the prognosis and molecular features of male patients with BC and improve treatment modalities, thus can be further applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Jin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Tang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangwei He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donggang Shan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenze Yan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Khan A, Welman CJ, Abed A, O’Hanlon S, Redfern A, Azim S, Lopez P, Singh F, Khattak A. Association of Computed Tomography Measures of Muscle and Adipose Tissue and Progressive Changes throughout Treatment with Clinical Endpoints in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051382. [PMID: 36900175 PMCID: PMC10000131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and adiposity measures with disease-free progression (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving immunotherapy, we retrospectively analysed 97 patients (age: 67.5 ± 10.2 years) with lung cancer who were treated with immunotherapy between March 2014 and June 2019. From computed tomography scans, we assessed the radiological measures of skeletal muscle mass, and intramuscular, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue at the third lumbar vertebra. Patients were divided into two groups based on specific or median values at baseline and changes throughout treatment. A total number of 96 patients (99.0%) had disease progression (median of 11.3 months) and died (median of 15.4 months) during follow-up. Increases of 10% in intramuscular adipose tissue were significantly associated with DFS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.95) and OS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95), while increases of 10% in subcutaneous adipose tissue were associated with DFS (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.95). These results indicate that, although muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were not associated with DFS or OS, changes in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue can predict immunotherapy clinical outcomes in patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Khan
- Northam Regional Hospital, Northam, WA 6401, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-96901300
| | | | - Afaf Abed
- Peel Health Campus, Mandurah, WA 6210, Australia
| | - Susan O’Hanlon
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, UWA, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sara Azim
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Favil Singh
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Adnan Khattak
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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Monteleone G, Franzè E, Maresca C, Colella M, Pacifico T, Stolfi C. Targeted Therapy of Interleukin-34 as a Promising Approach to Overcome Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030971. [PMID: 36765929 PMCID: PMC9913481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved the management of several malignancies. However, not all cancer patients respond primarily to such therapies, and others can become resistant during treatment. Thus, identification of the factors/mechanisms underlying cancer resistance to such treatments could help develop novel effective therapeutic compounds. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major components of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and are critical drivers of immunosuppression, creating a tumor-promoting and drug-resistant niche. In this regard, therapeutic strategies to tackle immunosuppressive cells are an interesting option to increase anti-tumor immune responses and overcome the occurrence of drug resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine produced by cancer cells, and/or TAMs act as a linker between induction of a tumor-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment and drug resistance. In this article, we review the current data supporting the role of IL-34 in the differentiation/function of immune suppressive cells and, hence, in the mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-20903702; Fax: +39-06-72596158
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Smith V, Mukherjee D, Tsakiroglou AM, Baker A, Mistry H, Choudhury A, Hoskin P, Illidge T, West CML. Low CD8 T Cell Counts Predict Benefit from Hypoxia-Modifying Therapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:41. [PMID: 36612036 PMCID: PMC9817934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As hypoxia can drive an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and inhibit CD8+ T cells, we investigated if patients with low tumour CD8+ T cells benefitted from hypoxia-modifying therapy. METHODS BCON was a phase III trial that randomised patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to radiotherapy alone or with hypoxia-modifying carbogen plus nicotinamide (CON). Tissue microarrays of diagnostic biopsies from 116 BCON patients were stained using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the markers CD8, CD4, FOXP3, CD68 and PD-L1, plus DAPI. Hypoxia was assessed using CA9 IHC (n = 111). Linked transcriptomic data (n = 80) identified molecular subtype. Relationships with overall survival (OS) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS High (upper quartile) vs. low CD8 T cell counts associated with a better OS across the whole cohort at 16 years (n = 116; HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78, p = 0.003) and also in the radiotherapy alone group (n = 61; HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.76, p = 0.005). Patients with low CD8+ T cells benefited from CON (n = 87; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, p = 0.05), but those with high CD8 T cells did not (n = 27; p = 0.95). CA9 positive tumours had fewer CD8+ T cells (p = 0.03). Prognostic significance of low CD8+ T cells in the whole cohort remained after adjusting for clinicopathologic variables. Basal vs. luminal subtype had more CD8+ cells (p = 0.02) but was not prognostic (n = 80; p = 0.26). Exploratory analyses with other immune markers did not improve on findings obtained with CD8 counts. CONCLUSIONS MIBC with low CD8+ T cell counts may benefit from hypoxia-modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Debayan Mukherjee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Alexander Baker
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood HA6 2RK, UK
| | - Timothy Illidge
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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11
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Nasr D, Kumar PA, Zerdan MB, Ghelani G, Dutta D, Graziano S, Lim SH. Radioimmunoconjugates in the age of modern immuno-oncology. Life Sci 2022; 310:121126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Combination of Pembrolizumab and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Recurrent Metastatic Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123033. [PMID: 36551787 PMCID: PMC9775235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to regional lymph nodes or distant sites remains poor with limited treatment options, especially after the failure of first-line chemotherapy. Clinical trials evaluating the use of checkpoint inhibitor therapy, or the use of checkpoint inhibitor therapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma, are currently unavailable. In this case report, we present a patient with relapsed advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma and an unknown (human papilloma virus) HPV status and borderline programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L)1 status who was treated with pembrolizumab and stereotactic body radiation therapy. This patient achieved a complete durable treatment response despite having genomic features of an immunologically "cold" tumor. This case highlights the importance of investigating more into the treatment of these tumors that lack genomic features that classically have been observed to be susceptible to treatment with immunotherapy or immunotherapy augmented with stereotactic body radiation therapy in solid tumors, particularly in metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma.
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13
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Chen L, Huang X, Xiong L, Chen W, An L, Wang H, Hong Y, Wang H. Analysis of prognostic oncogene filaggrin ( FLG) wild-type subtype and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:1419-1432. [PMID: 36386263 PMCID: PMC9641059 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common urinary tract malignant tumors. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has significantly progressed the treatment of BLCA. This study aimed to investigate the role of specific genetic mutations that may serve as immune biomarkers for ICB therapy in BLCA. METHODS Mutation information and expression profiles were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was carried out to explore the subtypes with poor prognosis of BLCA. Functional enrichment analysis was also conducted. The infiltrating immune cells and the prediction of ICB response between different subtypes were explored using the immuCellAI algorithm. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were conducted to explore the effect of filaggrin (FLG) knockdown in BLCA 5637 and T24 cell lines. RESULTS An overview of mutation information in BLCA patients was shown. FLG was identified to be strongly associated with the prognosis of BLCA patients and FLG wild-type was associated with poorer outcome. Prognostic FLG wild-type was divided into 2 subtypes (Sub1 and Sub2). Following an investigation of the subtypes, Sub2 of FLG wild-type was found to be associated with poorer outcome in BLCA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Sub1 and Sub2 were screened out and the DEGs were enriched in malignant tumor proliferation, DNA damage repair, and immune-related pathways. Furthermore, Sub2 of FLG wild-type was associated with infiltrated immune cells, and responded worse to ICB. Sub2 of FLG wild-type may be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients receiving ICB. The cellular experiments revealed that knockdown of FLG could suppress BLCA cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS FLG is an oncogene that may affect the prognosis of BLCA patients through mutation. Sub2 of FLG wild-type is associated with poor prognosis and can be used to predict ICB response for BLCA treatment. This research provides a new basis and ideas for guiding the clinical application of BLCA immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liulin Xiong
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanrui Wang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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14
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Xing P, Jiang Z, Liu Y. Construction and validation of a gene signature related to bladder urothelial carcinoma based on immune gene analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:926. [PMID: 36030212 PMCID: PMC9419388 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed a gene signature associated with a malignant and common tumor of the urinary system, the Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA). METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was searched to obtain 414 BLCA samples and the expression spectra of 19 normal samples. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was conducted to determine the enrichment levels in the BLCA samples of the 29 immune genes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single-factor Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models, and GEO queues were used to determine the BLCA immune gene subtype, analyze the biological pathway differences between immune gene subtypes, determine the characteristic genes of BLCA associated with prognosis, identify the BLCA-related genes, and verify the gene signature, respectively. RESULTS We identified two immune gene subtypes (immunity_L and immunity_H). The latter was significantly related to receptors, JAK STAT signaling pathways, leukocyte interleukin 6 generation, and cell membrane signal receptor complexes. Four characteristic genes (RBP1, OAS1, LRP1, and AGER) were identified and constituted the gene signature. Significant survival advantages, higher mutation frequency, and superior immunotherapy were observed in the low-risk group patients. The gene signature had good predictive ability. The results of the validation group were consistent with TCGA queue results. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a 4-gene signature that helps monitor BLCA occurrence and prognosis, providing an important basis for developing personalized BLCA immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110013, P.R. China.
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15
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Eismann L, Rodler S, Buchner A, Schulz GB, Volz Y, Bischoff R, Ebner B, Westhofen T, Casuscelli J, Waidelich R, Stief C, Schlenker B, Ledderose S. Identification of the Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) Landscape in Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163999. [PMID: 36010989 PMCID: PMC9406640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known as important prognostic biomarkers and build the fundament for immunotherapy. However, the presence of TILs and its impact on outcome in pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder remains uncertain. Methods: Out of 1600 patients undergoing radical cystectomy, 61 patients revealed pure bladder SCC in the final histopathological specimen. Retrospectively, immunohistochemical staining was performed on a subset of TILs (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+). Endpoints were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The Kaplan−Meier method was used to evaluate survival outcomes. Results: Strong infiltration of CD3+ was found in 27 (44%); of CD4+ in 28 (46%); of CD8+ in 26 (43%); and of CD20+ in 27 tumors (44%). Improved OS was observed for strong CD3+ (p < 0.001); CD4+ (p = 0.045); CD8+ (p = 0.001); and CD20+ infiltration (p < 0.001). Increased rates of PFS were observed for CD3+ (p = 0.025) and CD20+ TILs (p = 0.002). In multivariate analyses, strong CD3+ (HR: 0.163, CI: 0.044−0.614) and strong CD8+ TILs (HR: 0.265, CI: 0.081−0.864) were revealed as predictors for OS and the strong infiltration of CD20+ cells (HR: 0.095, CI: 0.019−0.464) for PFS. Conclusions: These first results of TILs in bladder SCC revealed predictive values of CD3+, CD8+ and CD20+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Eismann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Bastian Schulz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yannic Volz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Bischoff
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo Westhofen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jozefina Casuscelli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raphaela Waidelich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Schlenker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ledderose
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
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16
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Emerging Immune-Monitoring System for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081229. [PMID: 36013407 PMCID: PMC9410458 DOI: 10.3390/life12081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a major impact on cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs is only effective in some patients. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are markers that predict the efficacy of ICIs but are not universally used in many carcinomas. The gut microbiota has received much attention recently because of its potential to have a significant impact on immune cells in the cancer microenvironment. Metabolites of the gut microbiota modulate immunity and have a strong influence on the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota may serve as a novel marker to predict the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop biomarkers that can predict anti-tumor effects and adverse events, and the study of the gut microbiota is essential in this regard.
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17
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Ledderose S, Rodler S, Eismann L, Ledderose G, Ledderose C. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict survival in ≥ pT2 urothelial bladder cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154037. [PMID: 35908386 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with improved survival in several types of cancers, including genitourinary cancers. However, multiple different scoring methods used to assess TILs complicate the comparison of different studies and are not always suitable for daily practice. In 2014, the International TILs Working Group (ITWG) proposed a simple and robust assessment method for a more standardized evaluation of TILs. Here, we validated this system in muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIBC). Patient history and histologic specimens from 203 patients with MIBC were retrospectively analyzed. The stromal TIL (sTIL) score was determined using the ITWG system and 3 groups were defined according to the degree of stromal lymphocytic infiltration: low (0-10%), intermediate (10-55%) and high (55-100%). Associations between sTIL score, clinicopathological variables, tumor-specific survival (TSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. High stromal lymphocytic infiltration was associated with significantly higher OS, TSS and DFS when compared to low grade sTILs. The survival benefit remained statistically significant in multivariate analyses, confirming that sTILs are a strong independent positive prognostic factor in patients with MIBC. In summary, the degree of sTILs as defined by the ITWG robustly predicts survival in MIBC patients. Prospective studies with larger case numbers are needed to determine whether sTILs should be included in staging guidelines and how they could aid in therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ledderose
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany.
| | - Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Lennert Eismann
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Ledderose
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Khalifa AM, Nakamura T, Sato Y, Sato T, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y, Harashima H. Interval- and cycle-dependent combined effect of STING agonist loaded lipid nanoparticles and a PD-1 antibody. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122034. [PMID: 35863595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade combination to other drugs have attracted the interest of scientists for treating tumors resistant to PD-1 blockade. In this study, the impact of the interval, order of administration, and number of cycles of immunotherapeutic combination of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway agonist loaded lipid nanoparticle (STING-LNP) and PD-1 antibody for inducing the optimal combined antitumor activity against a melanoma lung metastasis is reported. One cycle had no effect, but two and three cycles resulted in a combinedantitumor effect. The interval between the administration was found to influence the induction of the combined effect. The second and third doses increased the gene expression of the NK cell activation marker, interferon γ (IFN-γ), PD-1 and a ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1), whereas the first dose failed. NK cells in the lung showed an increase in the expression of the activation markers and PD-1 after the second dose. The combined antitumor effect of this combination therapy against melanoma lung metastasis model could be dependent on the interval as well as the number of doses of STING-LNP.These findings suggest the importance of the protocol setting when combining a nano system loaded with an immune adjuvant and PD-1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Khalifa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takanori Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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19
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Abd El-Salam MA, Smith CEP, Pan CX. Insights on recent innovations in bladder cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 130:667-683. [PMID: 35653623 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma is the most common genitourinary cancer, with a high prevalence and global incidence. In addition to early detection by cytology, the management of bladder cancer has recently advanced, not only by improvements in conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, but also through the introduction of immunotherapeutic strategies. The number of approved immunotherapeutic agents has dramatically increased, with various preclinical and clinical applications in cancer drug discovery. Some bladder cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cytokine-based therapy, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. This review provides an overview of some of the innovative immunotherapeutic agents approved and in development that can potentially be used in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abd El-Salam
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology International Coastal Road, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Claire E P Smith
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Wood LS, Conway D, Lapuente M, Salvador G, Fernandez Gomez S, Carroll Bullock A, Devgan G, Burns KD. Avelumab First-Line Maintenance Treatment in Advanced Bladder Cancer: Practical Implementation Steps for Infusion Nurses. JOURNAL OF INFUSION NURSING 2022; 45:142-153. [PMID: 35537002 PMCID: PMC9071022 DOI: 10.1097/nan.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, and avelumab, are used to treat patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). Based on data from the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial, avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance is now considered the standard-of-care treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who responded or experienced disease stabilization after 1L platinum-containing chemotherapy, and it is the only category 1 preferred checkpoint inhibitor maintenance option in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for patients with cisplatin-eligible and cisplatin-ineligible locally advanced or metastatic UC. This article reviews key considerations related to avelumab 1L maintenance therapy that infusion nurses should be familiar with, including dosing, administration, and immune-related adverse event recognition and management, to ensure safe and appropriate use of this important and impactful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Wood
- Corresponding Author: Laura Wood, MSN, RN, OCN®, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH ()
| | - Dawn Conway
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - Maria Lapuente
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - George Salvador
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - Sheila Fernandez Gomez
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - Andrea Carroll Bullock
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - Geeta Devgan
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
| | - Kathleen D. Burns
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio (Ms Wood); University of Chicago Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Conway); St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Lapuente, Mr Salvador, Ms Fernandez Gomez); St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Ms Fernandez Gomez); EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts (Ms Carroll Bullock); Pfizer Inc, New York, New York (Dr Devgan); City of Hope Medical Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Duarte, California (Ms Burns)
- Laura S. Wood, MSN, RN, OCN, is the renal cancer clinical research coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center in Cleveland, Ohio. She completed both her bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. She is involved in the care of patients with renal and genitourinary cancers. Ms Wood is a member of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee, the Immunotherapy Education Committee, and the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board. She is also active in the local and national Oncology Nursing Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. A national and international lecturer on topics related to oncology nursing, Ms Wood has authored many book chapters and journal articles on therapeutic approaches and nursing care in the management of cancer. She was also the recipient of the 2012 Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Lectureship Award
- Dawn Conway, BSN, RN, OCN, is a registered nurse with 14 years of oncology experience, the first 3 years of which were spent as a bone marrow transplant nurse at Mount Sinai in New York City. For the past 11 years, Ms Conway has been working with the genitourinary oncology group at University of Chicago Medicine, specifically with patients with urothelial cancer, making her an expert in urothelial cancer management
- Maria Lapuente, RN, works as the lead research nurse for the genitourinary team at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, United Kingdom. She has 10 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years of cancer research collaboration with Dr Thomas Powles. She has specialized in immunotherapy treatments, particularly in phase 1 combination trials. Ms Lapuente has recently expanded her area of expertise into radiotherapy and chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy trials for patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. She is also the principal investigator for a questionnaire study exploring the assessment of the Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together conversation tool to facilitate communication between patients and their health care professionals, involving patients with genitourinary, lung, breast, and myeloma cancer
- George Salvador, RGN, has 9 years of nursing experience and 6 years of experience in a hematology-oncology department. He is also part of the vascular team at St Bartholomew's Hospital that deals with peripheral and central lines, such as Hickman, Portacath, and peripherally inserted central catheters. Currently, Mr Salvador is pursuing his master's degree in advanced cancer care, which includes nurse prescribing
- Sheila Fernandez Gomez, RN, CNS, is a registered nurse with 8 years of experience in oncology, including more than 4 years working as a senior chemotherapy/oncology/hematology nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital. She has recently been promoted to acute oncology clinical nurse specialist at St George's Hospital in London and has acquired a specialty in systemic anticancer therapy regimens. This experience, along with her qualifications, has given her the confidence to assess and manage acute oncology complications
- Andrea Carroll Bullock, BSN, ISMPP, CMPP, is the director of US medical communications at EMD Serono, where she has directed US medical publications and communications in the oncology, neurology, immunology, fertility, and HIV therapeutic areas for the past 4 years. She has 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining industry, Ms Carroll Bullock worked as a registered nurse in teaching hospitals, such as the MedStar Washington Hospital Center. Her primary area of focus in the clinical setting was caring for patients in the medical intensive care and oncology units. Additionally, she has experience as a nurse manager for a community-based hematology/oncology practice, where she was responsible for treating patients and managing the infusion center. Ms Carroll Bullock holds a bachelor of science in nursing from Howard University and is a master of business administration candidate at Johns Hopkins Carey Business School
- Geeta Devgan, PhD, is a senior medical director in US medical affairs at Pfizer Oncology. She received her PhD in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology from Yale University and completed her postdoctoral training at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr Devgan has more than 15 years of oncology experience in medical leadership roles within pharmaceutical companies
- Kathleen D. Burns, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC, OCN, has a postmaster's certificate for nurse practitioners in acute care–gerontology from the University of Connecticut. Her work experience includes 28 years of cancer nursing in patient care, education, and management
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21
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Mar N, Uchio E, Kalebasty AR. Use of immunotherapy in clinical management of genitourinary cancers - a review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100564. [PMID: 35472699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have revolutionized oncologic care delivery, including clinical management of genitourinary malignancies. Despite significant associated improvement in patient outcomes, molecular heterogeneity of tumors, variable tumor engagement with the immune response, and unique patient factors likely account for different clinical responses to immunotherapy agents. A search for predictive biomarkers of treatment response to checkpoint inhibitors is underway and several candidates, although imperfect, have been identified. Multiple checkpoint inhibitors have received approval as monotherapies or in combination with other agents in genitourinary cancers and clinical trial data continues to rapidly evolve. This review summarizes key published evidence involving use of checkpoint inhibitors in management of urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and penile squamous cell carcinoma. This review aims to help oncology practitioners develop an up-to-date, evidence-based approach to using these agents when managing patients with genitourinary cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Mar
- University of California Irvine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, USA.
| | - Edward Uchio
- University of California Irvine, Department of Urology, USA
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22
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Luo W, Wang J, Dai X, Zhang H, Qu Y, Xiao W, Ye D, Zhu Y. ACSL4 Expression Is Associated With CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and Immune Response in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754845. [PMID: 34868963 PMCID: PMC8640077 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the role of ACSL4 in CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration and outcomes of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients after immunotherapy. Methods The correlation between ACSL4 expression and tumor infiltration of immune cells was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database. The prognostic significance of ACSL4 in BLCA was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors with high and low ACSL4 expression obtained from patients at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The relationships between immune checkpoint genes and immune response were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and IMvigor 210 cohorts. The molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes involving ACSL4 were explored using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment pathway analyses. Results The expression level of ACSL4 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in BLCA tumors (r = 0.192, P = 2.22e-04). Elevated ACSL4 was associated with suppressed tumor progression and better outcomes for BLCA patients. The higher expression level of ACSL4 predicted better immunotherapeutic responses and was associated with higher expression levels of core immune checkpoint genes, including CD274, CTLA4, PDCD1, and LAG3, compared with the low ACSL4 expression group. Conclusion This study demonstrated for the first time that elevated ACSL4 correlated significantly with CD8+ T cell infiltration and contributed to better immunotherapeutic responses in BLCA patients. Furthermore, ACSL4 serves as a novel biomarker for predicting patient outcomes after immunotherapeutic treatments, which may improve the development of individualized immunotherapy for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Luo
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Malkova AM, Sharoyko VV, Zhukova NV, Gubal AR, Orlova RV. Laboratory biomarkers of an effective antitumor immune response. Clinical significance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100489. [PMID: 34837797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The modern checkpoint inhibitors block the programmed death-1 receptor and its ligand, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 on tumor cells and lymphocytes, that induces cytotoxic reactions. Nowadays, there are no approved clinical and laboratory predictor markers of immune therapy efficacy, which would allow a more personalized approach to patient selection and treatment. The aim of this review is to analyze possible biomarkers of efficacy for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors according to the pathogenic mechanisms of drug action. The review revealed possible predictive biomarkers, that could be classified to 3 groups: biomarkers of high mutagenic potential of the tumor, biomarkers of high activity of adaptive immunity, biomarkers of low activity of the tumor microenvironment. The determination of the described markers before the start of therapy can be used to formulate a treatment regimen, in which the use of various immunomodulatory drugs, inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic molecules, and probiotics can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Malkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - V V Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - N V Zhukova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - A R Gubal
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - R V Orlova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
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24
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Seino KI. IL-34, the rationale of its expression in physiological and pathological condition. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101517. [PMID: 34774392 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-34 is a cytokine that shares one of its receptors with CSF-1. It has long been thought that CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) receives signals only from CSF-1, but the identification of IL-34 reversed this stereotype. Regardless of low structural homology, IL-34 and CSF-1 emanate similar downstream signaling through binding to CSF-1R and provoke similar but different physiological events afterward. In addition to CSF-1R, protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-ζ and Syndecan-1 were also identified as IL-34 receptors and shown to be at play. Although IL-34 expression is limited to particular tissues in physiological conditions, previous studies have revealed that it is upregulated in several diseases. In cancer, IL-34 is produced by several types of tumor cells and contributes to therapy resistance and disease progression. A recent study has demonstrated that tumor cell-derived IL-34 abrogates immunotherapy efficacy through myeloid cell remodeling. On the other hand, IL-34 expression is downregulated in some brain and dermal disorders. Despite accumulating insights, our understanding of IL-34 may not be even close to its nature. This review aims to comprehensively describe the physiological and pathological roles of IL-34 based on its similarity and differences to CSF-1 and discuss the rationale for its disease-dependent expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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López-Cortés R, Vázquez-Estévez S, Fernández JÁ, Núñez C. Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215537. [PMID: 34771699 PMCID: PMC8582709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although immunohistochemistry is a routine technique in clinics, and genomics has been rapidly incorporated, proteomics is a step behind. This general situation is also the norm in bladder cancer research. This review shows the contributions of proteomics to the molecular classification of bladder cancer, and to the study of histopathology due to tissue insults caused by tumors. Furthermore, the importance of proteomics for understanding the cellular and molecular changes as a consequence of the therapy of bladder cancer cannot be neglected. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to molecular classifications of BC. These innovations have also allowed for the tracing of major tumorigenic pathways and, therefore, are positioned as strong supporters of precision medicine. In parallel, immunohistochemistry is still the clinical reference to discriminate histological layers and to stage BC. Key contributions have been made to enlarge the panel of protein immunomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of proteins in liquid biopsy has also provided potential markers. Notwithstanding, their clinical adoption is still low, with very few approved tests. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has remained a step behind; hence, we aimed to develop them in the community. Herein, the authors introduce the epidemiology and the conventional classifications to review the molecular classification of BC, highlighting the contributions of proteomics. Then, the advances in mass spectrometry techniques focusing on maintaining the integrity of the biological structures are presented, a milestone for the emergence of histoproteomics. Within this field, the review then discusses selected proteins for the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms of BC. Finally, because there is still insufficient knowledge, this review considers proteomics as an important source for the development of BC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Javier Álvarez Fernández
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Ye M, Li L, Liu D, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Identification and validation of a novel zinc finger protein-related gene-based prognostic model for breast cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12276. [PMID: 34721975 PMCID: PMC8530103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is a commonly occurring malignant tumor. Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) constitute the largest transcription factor family in the human genome and play a mechanistic role in many cancers' development. The prognostic value of ZNFs has yet to be approached systematically for BRCA. Methods We analyzed the data of a training set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and two validation cohort from GSE20685 and METABRIC datasets, composed of 3,231 BRCA patients. After screening the differentially expressed ZNFs, univariate Cox regression, LASSO, and multiple Cox regression analysis were performed to construct a risk-based predictive model. ESTIMATE algorithm, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were utilized to assess the potential relations among the tumor immune microenvironment and ZNFs in BRCA. Results In this study, we profiled ZNF expression in TCGA based BRCA cohort and developed a novel prognostic model based on 14 genes with ZNF relations. This model was composed of high and low-score groups for BRCA classification. Based upon Kaplan-Meier survival curves, risk-status-based prognosis illustrated significant differences. We integrated the 14 ZNF-gene signature with patient clinicopathological data for nomogram construction with accurate 1-, 3-, and 5-overall survival predictive capabilities. We then accessed the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database for therapeutic drug response prediction of signature-defined BRCA patient groupings for our selected TCGA population. The signature also predicts sensitivity to chemotherapeutic and molecular-targeted agents in high- and low-risk patients afflicted with BRCA. Functional analysis suggested JAK STAT, VEGF, MAPK, NOTCH TOLL-like receptor, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis, and cancer-based pathways could be key for ZNF-related BRCA development. Interestingly, based on the results of ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and GSEA analysis, we elucidated that our ZNF-gene signature had pivotal regulatory effects on the tumor immune microenvironment for BRCA. Conclusion Our findings shed light on the potential contribution of ZNFs to the pathogenesis of BRCA and may inform clinical practice to guide individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Yunuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology 3, The Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
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Son S, Shin JM, Shin S, Kim CH, Lee JA, Ko H, Lee ES, Jung JM, Kim J, Park JH. Repurposing macitentan with nanoparticle modulates tumor microenvironment to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121058. [PMID: 34399119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), which reinvigorates cytotoxic T cells, provides clinical benefits as an alternative to conventional cancer therapies. However, its clinical response rate is too low to treat an immune-excluded tumor, owing to the presence of abundant stromal elements impeding the penetration of immune cells. Here, we report that macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist approved by the FDA to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension, can be repositioned to modulate the desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME). In the 4T1 orthotopic tumor model, the polymeric nanoparticles bearing macitentan (M-NPs) prevent fibrotic progression by regulating the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts, attenuate the biogenesis of cancer cell-derived exosomes, and modulate the T cell subsets and distribution in TME. These results demonstrate that the M-NPs effectively reorganize the immunosuppressive TME by targeting the endothelin-1 axis and consequently exhibit synergistic antitumor effects in combination with ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75 Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ah Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Wang Y, Li X, Feng G, Hu S, Bai Y. The Impact of NOTCH Pathway Alteration on Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Survival of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in NSCLC. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638763. [PMID: 34305884 PMCID: PMC8302260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been proven to induce lasting tumor remission. Screening suitable populations for immunotherapy through predictive markers is an important approach to improving the clinical benefits of patients. Evidence has shown that there may be a close connection between NOTCH signaling and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hence, we explored the impact of the mutation status of NOTCH signaling on the prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy with the aim to apply NSCLC immunotherapy to the greatest extent possible. We examined two clinical cohorts of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs (MSKCC and NG cohorts). The mutation and prognostic data of the ICI-treated cohort were used to evaluate the association between the mutation status of NOTCH signaling and prognosis following immunotherapy. The expression and mutation data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-NSCLC cohort were used to analyze the differences in the immune microenvironment under different NOTCH signaling mutation states. In the ICI-treated cohorts, the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that high-mutated NOTCH signaling could serve as an independent predictor of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs. Patients with high-mutated NOTCH signaling had significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.03, HR = 0.69; MSKCC cohort) and prolonged overall survival (OS) (P = 0.004, HR = 0.34; NG cohort). Additionally, high-mutated NOTCH signaling was related to the inflammatory immune microenvironment, inflammatory expression profile, and enhanced immunogenicity. According to this study, high-mutated NOTCH signaling may serve as a biomarker for the prediction of the prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. A series of prospective clinical studies and molecular mechanism explorations are still needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Yaan, Yaan, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Lin A, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Luo P. Effect of NCOR1 Mutations on Immune Microenvironment and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patient with Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630773. [PMID: 33763074 PMCID: PMC7982737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has significantly progressed the treatment of bladder cancer (BLCA). Multiple studies have suggested that specific genetic mutations may serve as immune biomarkers for ICB therapy. Additionally, the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) gene is a new player in the field of immune tolerance and the development of immune cells. In the ICI-treated-cohort, NCOR1 mutations may be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients receiving ICIs. The overall survival (OS) of the NCOR1-mutant (NCOR1-MT) group was significantly longer than that of NCOR1-wild-type (NCOR1-WT) group (P = 0·031; HR [95%CI]: 0·25 [0·12-0·52]). In the TCGA-BLCA-cohort, compared with NCOR1-WT, NCOR1-MT was associated with known predictors of ICB therapy efficacy, such as higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), neoantigen load and the number of mutations in the DNA damage-repair pathway. In addition, NCOR1-MT tumors had highly infiltrating TILs, activated antitumor immunity, and a high expression of immune-related genes, suggesting that NCOR1 mutations may serve as a potential biomarker to guide ICB therapy in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengang Qiu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Thomas R, Al-Khadairi G, Decock J. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600573. [PMID: 33718107 PMCID: PMC7947906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the current superheroes of immunotherapy, unleashing a patient's own immune cells to kill tumors and revolutionizing cancer treatment in a variety of cancers. Although breast cancer was historically believed to be immunologically silent, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to induce modest responses in metastatic breast cancer. Given the inherent heterogeneity of breast tumors, this raised the question whether certain breast tumors might benefit more from immune-based interventions and which cancer cell-intrinsic and/or microenvironmental factors define the likelihood of inducing a potent and durable anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we will focus on triple negative breast cancer as immunogenic breast cancer subtype, and specifically discuss the relevance of tumor mutational burden, the plethora and diversity of tumor infiltrating immune cells in addition to the immunoscore, the presence of immune checkpoint expression, and the microbiome in defining immune checkpoint blockade response. We will highlight the current immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment options, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In addition, we will look into the potential of immunotherapy-based combination strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses, or to establish a more immune favorable environment for cancer vaccines. Finally, the review will address the need for unambiguous predictive biomarkers as one of the main challenges of immune checkpoint blockade. To conclude, the potential of immune checkpoint blockade for triple negative breast cancer treatment could be enhanced by exploration of aforementioned factors and treatment strategies thereby providing promising future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Thomas
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghaneya Al-Khadairi
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Feng Y, Jin H, Guo K, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Du W, Shen M, Ruan S. Results from a Meta-analysis of Combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Inhibitors in Malignant Cancer Patients: Does PD-L1 Matter? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:572845. [PMID: 33716732 PMCID: PMC7949479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.572845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been widely used for clinical treatment in recent years, which has a better survival benefit. However, not all patients can derive clinical benefit from combination immunotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the biomarkers of combination immunotherapy. Methods: We retrieved articles from electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane. The statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. Progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) were the outcome indicators. In the unselect population, we compared combination therapy with other treatments. In addition, we also conducted subgroup analysis on PFS, OS and ORR according to PD-L1 status. Results: Seven studies were included in the analysis for a total of 3,515 cases. In the unselected population, we found that combination therapy has longer PFS, OS, and better ORR than other treatments for cancer patients. The longer PFS was showed in PD-L1 ≥ 5% cases (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.56–0.76; p < 0.001) than PD-L1 ≥ 1% cases (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66–0.79; p < 0.001), while ORR and OS have not related to the status of PD-L1. Conclusion: This study supported the efficacy of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and also showed that PFS in patients with malignant tumors is positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. Due to the limited number of trials included, more high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the review findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Xiang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wurong Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Miyama Y, Morikawa T, Miyakawa J, Koyama Y, Kawai T, Kume H, Ushiku T. Squamous differentiation is a potential biomarker predicting tumor progression in patients treated with pembrolizumab for urothelial carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153364. [PMID: 33610951 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is widely used and highly effective for some cancer patients but may result in disease progression in others. Hyperprogressive disease in particular is characterized by an acceleration of tumor growth during ICI therapy and has been reported in patients including those with urothelial carcinoma. Biomarkers predicting treatment efficacy are crucial to avoid tumor progression and unnecessary adverse effects. This study aims to clarify the predictors of disease progression for ICI treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma. We analyzed the response pattern of 23 urothelial carcinomas treated with pembrolizumab and its association with pathological features and potential immunohistochemical markers including EGFR, MDM2, p53, p16, and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and CD8- and CD204-positive cell infiltration. During ICI therapy, 13 (57 %) patients showed progressive disease including 6 (26 %) with hyperprogressive disease. Notably, squamous differentiation combined with MAC387 expression was observed exclusively in cases with progressive disease (6 of 13, 46 %); it was not present in cases with stable disease or partial/complete response (0 of 10, p = 0.0019). All tumors with squamous differentiation showed positive staining for EGFR. Additionally, the loss of p16 expression occurred more frequently in cases with progressive disease (8 of 13, 62 %) than in other cases (3 of 10, 30 %), but this finding did not reach statistical significance. Squamous differentiation was also significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Based on our observations, squamous differentiation may be a novel biomarker for predicting disease progression in patients with urothelial carcinoma who receive pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-city, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8625, Japan
| | - Jimpei Miyakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koyama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Abstract
Bladder cancer has been successfully treated with immunotherapy, whereas prostate cancer is a cold tumor with inadequate immune-related treatment response. A greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment and methods for harnessing the immune system to address tumor growth will be needed to improve immunotherapies for both prostate and bladder cancer. Here, we provide an overview of prostate and bladder cancer, including fundamental aspects of the disease and treatment, the elaborate cellular makeup of the tumor microenvironment, and methods for exploiting relevant pathways to develop more effective treatments.
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The application of nano-medicine to overcome the challenges related to immune checkpoint blockades in cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and opportunities. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 157:103160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Roviello G, Catalano M, Nobili S, Santi R, Mini E, Nesi G. Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7935. [PMID: 33114616 PMCID: PMC7662285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with barely 5% five-year survival in patients with metastatic disease. Intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and platinum-based chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for non-muscle invasive and advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), respectively. Recently, a subset of patients with locally advanced or mUC has shown to be responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death -1/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies. Due to the relevant clinical benefit of immunotherapy for mUC, in 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved five immunotherapeutic agents as second-line or first-line treatments for patients with advanced bladder cancer who did not profit from or were ineligible for standard therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer and recent clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in mUC. Furthermore, we evaluate a variable response rate to ICIs treatment and outline potential biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Pathology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Hama N, Kobayashi T, Han N, Kitagawa F, Kajihara N, Otsuka R, Wada H, Lee HK, Rhee H, Hasegawa Y, Yagita H, Baghdadi M, Seino KI. Interleukin-34 Limits the Therapeutic Effects of Immune Checkpoint Blockade. iScience 2020; 23:101584. [PMID: 33205010 PMCID: PMC7648133 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is an alternative ligand to colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) for the CSF-1 receptor that acts as a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this study, we show that tumor-derived IL-34 mediates resistance to immune checkpoint blockade regardless of CSF-1 existence in various murine cancer models. Consistent with its immunosuppressive characteristics, the expression of IL-34 in tumors correlates with decreased frequencies of cellular (such as CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and M1-biased macrophages) and molecular (including various cytokines and chemokines) effectors at the tumor microenvironment. Then, a neutralizing antibody against IL-34 improved the therapeutic effects of the immune checkpoint blockade in combinatorial therapeutic models, including a patient-derived xenograft model. Collectively, we revealed that tumor-derived IL-34 inhibits the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and proposed the utility of IL-34 blockade as a new strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nanumi Han
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kitagawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hee-kyung Lee
- DNA Link, Inc., Biomedical Science Building 117, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hwanseok Rhee
- DNA Link, Inc., Biomedical Science Building 117, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Depertment of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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37
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Gulinac M, Dikov D, Velikova T, Belovezhdov V. Increased PD-L1 expression in high-grade bladder cancer with squamous cell differentiation in Bulgarian and French patients' samples. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151640. [PMID: 33069081 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinomas (UC) of the bladder are biologically and clinically heterogeneous and the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in developed countries worldwide, where several checkpoint targets as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein (PD-1) have received the most attention in the treatment of bladder cancer. However, the clinicopathological impact of this biomarker has not yet been established enough. OBJECTIVE To evaluate programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in UCs of the bladder in Bulgarian and French patients' samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urothelial bladder carcinomas cases from 2016-2020 were retrospectively were analyzed. The cohort included 105 cases: 42 (40%) low grade and 63 (60%) high grade. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for PD-L1 expression was performed using an anti-PD-L1 primary antibody clone 22C3pharmDx only to 73/105 cases. RESULTS Approximately 21/73 cases (28.8%) of urothelial bladder carcinomas demonstrated positive PD-L1 expression, and in 52/73 cases (71.2%) were negative. Positive PD-L1 expression was associated with high grade and high pathologic stage (p < 0.001). We found that PD-L1 was expressed in a significant percentage in UC with squamous differentiation (40%), followed by classic UC (30%). An association between histological grading systems of bladder UC (WHO1973 and WHO 2016) and the TNM-staging system, estimated by Pearson correlation coefficients (r = 0.590 and r = 0.583, respectively, p < 0.001) was observed. CONCLUSIONS We found that PD-L1 expression is increased in patients with muscle-invasive UC, and PD-L1 might be a new biomarker that correlates with the pathological stage of urothelial bladder cancer and might predict recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Gulinac
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University/University Hospital "St.George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Dorian Dikov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University/University Hospital "St.George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Grand Hospital de l'Este Francilien, Medical Faculty, Jossigny, France
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Belovezhdov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University/University Hospital "St.George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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38
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Chen S, Zhang N, Wang T, Zhang E, Wang X, Zheng J. Biomarkers of the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1900. [PMID: 32983112 PMCID: PMC7477044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients are not clear. It is of great significance to discern mUC patients who could benefit from ICI therapy in clinical practice. In this study, we performed machine learning method and selected 10 prognostic genes for constructing the immunotherapy response nomogram for mUC patients. The calibration plot suggested that the nomogram had an optimal agreement with actual observations when predicting the 1- and 1.5-year survival probabilities. The prognostic nomogram had a favorable discrimination of overall survival of mUC patients, with area under the curve values of 0.815, 0.752, and 0.805 for ICI response (ICIR) prediction in the training cohort, testing cohort, and combined cohort, respectively. A further decision curve analysis showed that the prognostic nomogram was superior to either mutation burden or neoantigen burden for overall survival prediction when the threshold probability was >0.35. The immune infiltrate analysis indicated that the low ICIR-Score values in mUC patients were significantly related to CD8+ T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint-associated signatures. We also identified differentially mutated genes, which could act as driver genes and regulate the response to ICI therapy. In conclusion, we developed and validated an immunotherapy-responsive nomogram for mUC patients, which could be conveniently used for the estimate of ICI response and the prediction of overall survival probability for mUC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siteng Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Encheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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39
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Zhou X, Qiu S, Nie L, Jin D, Jin K, Zheng X, Yang L, Wei Q. Classification of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Based on Immunogenomic Profiling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1429. [PMID: 32974156 PMCID: PMC7461944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant heterogeneity in the immunotherapeutic responsiveness of each muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patient. In our research, we aimed to identify a novel classification of MIBC based on immunogenomic profiling that may facilitate the reasonable stratification of prognosis and response to immunotherapy. The single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to analyze the RNA-seq data of 29 important immune signatures from TCGA. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed to identify an immunogenomic classification of MIBC. Then, we assessed the features of the classification in prognosis, immune infiltration, tumor-infiltration lymphocytes, HLA genes, and PD-L1 expression level. A total of 399 MIBC samples were included and three subtypes named Immunity_High, Immunity_Medium, and Immunity_Low were identified. The Immunity_High had a significant advantage in overall survival over the Immunity_Medium and Immunity_Low (p = 0.046 and p = 0.024). From Immunity_Low to Immunity_High, immune cell infiltration and stromal content showed an upward trend (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, Immunity_High was associated with a significantly higher proportion of TILs including dendritic cells resting, macrophages M1, mast cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, and T cells CD8+. And the expression levels of all HLA genes and PD-L1 of Immunity_High were the highest, consistent (p < 0.001). Two hundred ninety eight MIBC patients treated with immunotherapy from the IMvigor210 were included to form an independent validation cohort to verify the robustness of immunogenomic classification and the ability to predict the response to immunotherapy. This classification had potential clinical implications for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responsiveness of MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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40
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Ping Y, Li F, Nan S, Zhang D, Shi X, Shan J, Zhang Y. Augmenting the Effectiveness of CAR-T Cells by Enhanced Self-Delivery of PD-1-Neutralizing scFv. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:803. [PMID: 32974346 PMCID: PMC7461868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is not satisfying in solid tumors. PD-1-mediated suppression greatly hinders CAR-T cells in the microenvironment. It has been shown that PD-1 blockade improves the effectiveness of CAR-T cells. Herein, we designed CAR-T cells than could secret α-PD-1 scFv by themselves. To obtain optimal secretions of scFv, we screened several signal peptides. And the segment from human increased the extracellular production of PD-1-neutralizing proteins. The secreted neutralizing scFv efficiently blocked PD-1 and enhanced T cell activation when PD-L1 was present. Further analysis showed that CAR-T cells themselves could secret α-PD-1 scFv with bioactivity. In contrast to the prototype, the scFv-producing CAR-T cells demonstrated decreased PD-1 but increases expansion and toxicity against solid tumor cells. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models, the self-delivered α-PD-1 scFv increased CAR-T cell functionalities and tumor-suppressions. Our work suggested that engineering T cells to co-express antigen-responsive receptors and checkpoint inhibitors is effective to optimize CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Nan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daiqun Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiqi Shan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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41
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Murata T, Seino KI. Immune reaction and regulation in transplantation based on pluripotent stem cell technology. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:12. [PMID: 32636970 PMCID: PMC7329400 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based technologies provides us a new therapeutic approach that generates grafts for transplantation. In order to minimize the risk of immune reaction, the banking of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from donors with homozygous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype is planned in Japan. Even though pre-stocked and safety validated HLA-homozygous iPSCs are selected, immunological rejection may potentially occur because the causes of rejection are not always due to HLA mismatches. A couple of studies concerning such immunological issues have reported that genetic ablation of HLA molecules from PSC combined with gene transduction of several immunoregulatory molecules may be effective in avoiding immunological rejection. Also, our research group has recently proposed a concept that attempts to regulate recipient immune system by PSC-derived immunoregulatory cells, which results in prolonged survival of the same PSC-derived allografts. PSC-based technologies enable us to choose a new therapeutic option; however, considering its safety from an immunological point of view should be of great importance for safe clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
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42
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Chen X, Jin Y, Gong L, He D, Cheng Y, Xiao M, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Cao K. Bioinformatics Analysis Finds Immune Gene Markers Related to the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:607. [PMID: 32655621 PMCID: PMC7324668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system that seriously threatens the health of a population. In recent years, the application of immunotherapy has significantly changed the treatment of bladder cancer, but only some patients can benefit from the treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Many problems are unsolved in the field of bladder cancer immunotherapy, especially in the search for genes that are critical to the level of immune cell infiltration and new effective therapeutic targets. We attempted to use bioinformatics analysis to identify immune gene markers related to the prognosis of bladder cancer and to establish a prognostic signature for bladder cancer patients based on their immune gene expression profiles. We used univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer cohort (TCGA-BLCA). Fifteen genes related to prognosis were screened using the survival analysis, correlation analysis, cancer and adjacent cancer differential expression analysis, and mutation analysis. The potential biological role of these genes was determined using survival analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assesses the prognostic value of the predictive signature. The gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and other methods were used to reveal the differential gene enrichment in the signaling pathways and cellular processes of high- and low-risk groups. The single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) method was used to quantify the infiltration levels of 24 immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment and these immune genes were found to be closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment. In summary, we screened 15 immune genes that were closely related to bladder cancer overall survival (OS) and may be potential prognostic indicators of bladder cancer. They may have research and clinical application value in bladder cancer immunotherapy. We used 15 immune genes to construct a new immune-related gene signature that was verified and could be helpful in improving individualized prognosis of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - YaXing Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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43
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Cha HR, Lee JH, Ponnazhagan S. Revisiting Immunotherapy: A Focus on Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1615-1623. [PMID: 32066566 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions to harness the immune system against tumor cells have provided mixed results in the past for several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, immunotherapy has advanced considerably over the last decade and is becoming an integral combination for treating patients with advanced solid tumors. In particular, prostate cancer immunotherapy has shown modest efficacy for patients in the past. With several key discoveries on immune mechanisms and advanced molecular diagnostic platforms recently, immunotherapy is re-emerging as a viable option for prostate cancer, especially castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), to stimulate antitumor immunity. Combination of patient-tailored immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with conventional cytotoxic agents and androgen receptor-targeted therapies should move the field forward. With a recent adaptation that the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been successful in the treatment of more than a dozen solid tumors, including melanoma, lymphoma, liver, cervical, gastrointestinal, and breast cancers, it is a timely endeavor to harness immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Here, we provide an account on the progression of immunotherapy with new discoveries and precision approaches for tumors, in particular CRPC, from mechanistic standpoint to emerging limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Ram Cha
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,PharmAbcine Inc., Yuseong-gu Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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44
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Li H, Zhang Q, Shuman L, Kaag M, Raman JD, Merrill S, DeGraff DJ, Warrick JI, Chen G. Evaluation of PD-L1 and other immune markers in bladder urothelial carcinoma stratified by histologic variants and molecular subtypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1439. [PMID: 31996725 PMCID: PMC6989654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advanced bladder cancer overall has a poor prognosis, a subset of patients demonstrate durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Evidence shows that the response to checkpoint inhibitors may be associated with type and degree of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we evaluated immune markers stratified by molecular subtypes and histologic variants. The study utilized a series of urothelial carcinomas (UCs) by tissue microarray, on which histologic variants and molecular subtypes had previously been established. PD1, CD3, CD8 and CD68 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tumor infiltrating immune cells, while PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment was assessed. Each marker was scored semi-quantitatively (score 0–3). Tumors were clustered by marker scores using agglomerative methods, and associations among markers, histologies, and molecular subtypes were analyzed. PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment significantly correlated with presence of CD3, CD8 and chronic inflammation. Urothelial carcinoma may be classified as either immune high or low based on marker expression. The immune high group is enriched in higher CD3, PD-L1, and genomically-unstable molecular subtype, suggesting it may respond to checkpoint inhibitors. We also identified a degree of intratumoral heterogeneity in immune markers in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Shuman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Kaag
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jay D Raman
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne Merrill
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA.
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45
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Therapeutic targeting of protein S-acylation for the treatment of disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 48:281-290. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification protein S-acylation (commonly known as palmitoylation) plays a critical role in regulating a wide range of biological processes including cell growth, cardiac contractility, synaptic plasticity, endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, membrane transport and biased-receptor signalling. As a consequence, zDHHC-protein acyl transferases (zDHHC-PATs), enzymes that catalyse the addition of fatty acid groups to specific cysteine residues on target proteins, and acyl proteins thioesterases, proteins that hydrolyse thioester linkages, are important pharmaceutical targets. At present, no therapeutic drugs have been developed that act by changing the palmitoylation status of specific target proteins. Here, we consider the role that palmitoylation plays in the development of diseases such as cancer and detail possible strategies for selectively manipulating the palmitoylation status of specific target proteins, a necessary first step towards developing clinically useful molecules for the treatment of disease.
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46
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Nassar AH, Mouw KW, Jegede O, Shinagare AB, Kim J, Liu CJ, Pomerantz M, Harshman LC, Van Allen EM, Wei XX, McGregor B, Choudhury AD, Preston MA, Dong F, Signoretti S, Lindeman NI, Bellmunt J, Choueiri TK, Sonpavde G, Kwiatkowski DJ. A model combining clinical and genomic factors to predict response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:555-563. [PMID: 31857723 PMCID: PMC7028947 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), predictive biomarkers that correlate with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are lacking. Here, we interrogated genomic and clinical features associated with response to ICIs in mUC. Methods Sixty two mUC patients treated with ICI who had targeted tumour sequencing were studied. We examined associations between candidate biomarkers and clinical benefit (CB, any objective reduction in tumour size) versus no clinical benefit (NCB, no change or objective increase in tumour size). Both univariable and multivariable analyses for associations were conducted. A comparator cohort of 39 mUC patients treated with taxanes was analysed by using the same methodology. Results Nine clinical and seven genomic factors correlated with clinical outcomes in univariable analysis in the ICI cohort. Among the 16 factors, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥5 (OR = 0.12, 95% CI, 0.01–1.15), visceral metastasis (OR = 0.05, 95% CI, 0.01–0.43) and single-nucleotide variant (SNV) count < 10 (OR = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.006–0.27) were identified as independent predictors of NCB to ICI in multivariable analysis (c-statistic = 0.90). None of the 16 variables were associated with clinical benefit in the taxane cohort. Conclusions This three-factor model includes genomic (SNV count >9) and clinical (NLR <5, lack of visceral metastasis) variables predictive for benefit to ICI but not taxane therapy for mUC. External validation of these hypothesis-generating results is warranted to enable use in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin H Nassar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Opeyemi Jegede
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren C Harshman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley McGregor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Preston
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Department of Medical Oncology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Crispen PL, Kusmartsev S. Mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:3-14. [PMID: 31811337 PMCID: PMC6949323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of multiple new agents, the role of immunotherapy is rapidly expanding across all malignancies. Bladder cancer is known to be immunogenic and is responsive to immunotherapy including intravesical BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple trials have addressed the role of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, including atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab (all targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway). While these trials have demonstrated promising results and improvements over existing therapies, less than half of patients with advanced disease demonstrate clinical benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology and immunology have led to an improved understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the host’s immune system. It appears that tumors promote the formation of highly immunosuppressive microenvironments preventing generation of effective anti-tumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, reconditioning of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of the competent immune response is essential for achieving optimal efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we aim to discuss the major mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer and highlight novel pathways and molecular targets that may help to attenuate tumor-induced immune tolerance, overcome resistance to immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Crispen
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Kusmartsev
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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48
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Comparing three different anti-PD-L1 antibodies for immunohistochemical evaluation of small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 137:108-112. [PMID: 31568887 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancer cases, has high initial sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, clinical outcomes have not improved in the past two decades. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed to prolong survival in patients with advanced SCLC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we assessed 44 patients with SCLC who underwent first-line or adjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed PD-L1 expression in SCLC tumors using three specific anti-PD-L1 antibody clones (28-8, 22C3, and SP263) and assessed their correlation with clinical profiles. RESULTS Each clone yielded PD-L1 positivity as follows: 10 cases with 28-8, eight cases with 22C3, and six cases with SP263. Eleven patients tested positive with at least one of the three anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and 33 patients tested negative with all anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Serum neuron-specific enolase levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in negative tumors than in positive tumors with the 28-8 clone (p = 0.036) and, similarly, tended to be higher in negative tumors with the 22C3 and SP263 clones. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that PD-L1 is detected in SCLC tumors at a similar rate and with similar clinical correlates when detected using any of these three anti-PD-L1 clones. Further large-scale investigations are warranted to reveal the roles of PD-L1 expression in patients with SCLC.
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49
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Wahlin S, Nodin B, Leandersson K, Boman K, Jirström K. Clinical impact of T cells, B cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in muscle invasive bladder cancer: a comparative study of transurethral resection and cystectomy specimens. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1644108. [PMID: 31646091 PMCID: PMC6791444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1644108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy has improved survival but there is an urgent unmet need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers to stratify patients who will benefit from treatment. This study aimed to examine the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in MIBC, with particular reference to the clinical outcome and the potential modifying effect of NAC. To this end, the expression of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, PD-1+ and PD-L1+ immune cells and PD-L1+ tumor cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays with paired transurethral resection (TURB) specimens, cystectomy specimens and lymph node metastases from 145 patients, 65 of whom had received NAC. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the impact of investigated cell subsets on time to recurrence (TTR). In cystectomy specimens, high infiltration of the investigated immune cell populations, but not PD-L1+ tumor cells, were independently associated with a prolonged TTR, whereas in TURB specimens, this association was only seen for CD8+ lymphocytes. An additive beneficial prognostic effect of NAC was seen for the majority of the cell subsets but there was no significant interaction between any immune marker and NAC in relation to TTR. Furthermore, no differences in cell densities prior to NAC treatment were observed between complete and non-complete responders, or pre- and posttreatment in non-complete responders. In conclusion, immune cell infiltration provides important prognostic information in both pre- and postsurgical samples of MIBC, independently of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wahlin
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolina Boman
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund Sweden
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50
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Huff WX, Kwon JH, Henriquez M, Fetcko K, Dey M. The Evolving Role of CD8 +CD28 - Immunosenescent T Cells in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112810. [PMID: 31181772 PMCID: PMC6600236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional, tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes drive the adaptive immune response to cancer. Thus, induction of their activity is the ultimate aim of all immunotherapies. Success of anti-tumor immunotherapy is precluded by marked immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to CD8+ effector T cell dysfunction. Among the many facets of CD8+ T cell dysfunction that have been recognized—tolerance, anergy, exhaustion, and senescence—CD8+ T cell senescence is incompletely understood. Naïve CD8+ T cells require three essential signals for activation, differentiation, and survival through T-cell receptor, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors. Downregulation of costimulatory molecule CD28 is a hallmark of senescent T cells and increased CD8+CD28− senescent populations with heterogeneous roles have been observed in multiple solid and hematogenous tumors. T cell senescence can be induced by several factors including aging, telomere damage, tumor-associated stress, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Tumor-induced T cell senescence is yet another mechanism that enables tumor cell resistance to immunotherapy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of CD8+CD28− senescent T cell population, their origin, their function in immunology and pathologic conditions, including TME and their implication for immunotherapy. Further characterization and investigation into this subset of CD8+ T cells could improve the efficacy of future anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei X Huff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mario Henriquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kaleigh Fetcko
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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