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Wang J, Zhang M, You X, Xu Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Yang C, Wang Q. Inhibition of NNMT enhances drug sensitivity in lung cancer cells through mediation of autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415310. [PMID: 39035994 PMCID: PMC11257979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the role of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in the drug sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, with a focus on its impact on autophagy and resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent osimertinib. The study hypothesized that NNMT knockdown would enhance drug sensitivity by modifying autophagic processes, providing a potential new therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in lung cancer. Methods Proteomic analysis was utilized to identify changes in protein expression following NNMT knockdown in H1975 and H1975 osimertinib resistance (H1975OR) lung cancer cell lines. Gene expression patterns and their correlation with NNMT expression in lung cancer patients were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Additionally, a predictive model for lung cancer survival was developed via lasso regression analysis based on NNMT-associated gene expression. Drug sensitivity was assessed using the IC50 values and apoptosis ratio, and autophagy was evaluated through Western blot and flow cytometric analysis. Results Significant variations in the expression of 1,182 proteins were observed following NNMT knockdown, with a significant association with autophagy-related genes. Analysis of gene expression patterns unveiled a significant correlation between NNMT expression and specific changes in gene expression in lung cancer. The predictive model successfully forecasted lung cancer patient survival outcomes, highlighting the potential of NNMT-associated genes in predicting patient survival. Knockdown of NNMT reversed osimertinib resistance in H1975 cells, as evidenced by altered IC50 values and apoptosis ratio, and changes were observed in autophagy markers. Discussion Knockdown of NNMT in lung cancer cells enhances drug sensitivity by modulating autophagy, providing a promising therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in NSCLC. The study underscores the importance of NNMT in lung cancer pathology and underscores its potential as a predictive marker for clinical outcomes. Additionally, the developed predictive model further supports the clinical relevance of NNMT-associated gene expression in improving the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin You
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Li
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Translational Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Zhang S, Tuo P, Ji Y, Huang Z, Xiong Z, Li H, Ruan C. Identification of 1-Methylnicotinamide as a specific biomarker for the progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:310. [PMID: 38890166 PMCID: PMC11189347 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor, often arising from hepatitis induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in China. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis are lacking, leading to a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 20% among patients with advanced HCC. This study aims to identify serum biomarkers for early HCC diagnosis to enhance patient survival rates. METHODS We established an independent cohort comprising 27 healthy individuals, 13 patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis, 13 patients with hepatitis B-type HCC, and 8 patients who progressed from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma during follow-up. Serum metabolic abnormalities during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC were studied using untargeted metabolomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods characterized the subjects' serum metabolic profiles. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to elucidate metabolic profile changes during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between cirrhosis and HCC groups were identified using the LIMMA package in the R language. Two machine learning algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest Classifier (RF), were used to identify key metabolic biomarkers involved in the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Key metabolic biomarkers were further validated using targeted metabolomics in a new independent validation cohort comprising 25 healthy individuals and 25 patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS A total of 155 serum metabolites were identified, of which 21/54 metabolites exhibited significant changes in HCC patients compared with cirrhosis patients and healthy individuals, respectively. PLS-DA clustering results demonstrated a significant change trend in the serum metabolic profile of patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis during the progression to HCC. Utilizing LASSO regression and RF algorithms, we confirmed 10 key metabolic biomarkers. Notably, 1-Methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM) exhibited a persistent and significant decrease in healthy individuals, cirrhosis, and HCC patients. Moreover, 1-MNAM levels in developing patients were significantly higher during the cirrhosis stage than in the HCC stage. Targeted metabolomic validation in an external cohort further confirmed the good diagnostic performance of 1-MNAM in early HCC detection. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that 1-MNAM may be a specific biomarker for the progression of cirrhosis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ping Tuo
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yuanye Ji
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Zuoan Huang
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Zi Xiong
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Chunyan Ruan
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Huang LH, Huang CY, Liu YW, Chien PC, Hsieh TM, Liu HT, Lin HP, Wu CJ, Chuang PC, Hsieh CH. Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Investigated by Integrated Analysis of Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5748. [PMID: 38891936 PMCID: PMC11171588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential regulators of a multitude of physiological and behavioral processes, such as the metabolism and function of the liver. Circadian rhythms are crucial to liver homeostasis, as the liver is a key metabolic organ accountable for the systemic equilibrium of the body. Circadian rhythm disruption alone is sufficient to cause liver cancer through the maintenance of hepatic metabolic disorder. Although there is evidence linking CRD to hepatocarcinogenesis, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the circadian crosstalk that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma remain unknown. The expression of CRD-related genes in HCC was investigated in this study via bulk RNA transcriptomic analysis and single-cell sequencing. Dysregulated CRD-related genes are predominantly found in hepatocytes and fibroblasts, according to the findings. By using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing analyses, the dysregulated CRD-related genes ADAMTS13, BIRC5, IGFBP3, MARCO, MT2A, NNMT, and PGLYRP2 were identified. The survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method revealed a significant correlation between the expression levels of BIRC5 and IGFBP3 and the survival of patients diagnosed with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-H.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Chun-Ying Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-H.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Yueh-Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Peng-Chen Chien
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-C.C.); (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.W.)
| | - Ting-Min Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-H.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Hang-Tsung Liu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-H.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (T.-M.H.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-C.C.); (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.W.)
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-C.C.); (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.W.)
| | - Pei-Chin Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-C.C.); (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.W.)
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Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Mishra J, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Mishra P, Mishra PK, Patra SK. Molecular mechanisms in regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in view of epigenetic regulation of genes and involvement of liquid-liquid phase separation. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216779. [PMID: 38458592 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular physiology is critically regulated by multiple signaling nexuses, among which cell death mechanisms play crucial roles in controlling the homeostatic landscape at the tissue level within an organism. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, can be induced by external and internal stimuli directing the cells to commit suicide in unfavourable conditions. In contrast, stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, infection and hypoxia trigger autophagy, which is lysosome-mediated processing of damaged cellular organelle for recycling of the degraded products, including amino acids. Apparently, apoptosis and autophagy both are catabolic and tumor-suppressive pathways; apoptosis is essential during development and cancer cell death, while autophagy promotes cell survival under stress. Moreover, autophagy plays dual role during cancer development and progression by facilitating the survival of cancer cells under stressed conditions and inducing death in extreme adversity. Despite having two different molecular mechanisms, both apoptosis and autophagy are interconnected by several crosslinking intermediates. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone tails, and miRNA play a pivotal role in regulating genes involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Both autophagic and apoptotic genes can undergo various epigenetic modifications and promote or inhibit these processes under normal and cancerous conditions. Epigenetic modifiers are uniquely important in controlling the signaling pathways regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, these epigenetic modifiers of both autophagic and apoptotic genes can act as novel therapeutic targets against cancers. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) also modulates the aggregation of misfolded proteins and provokes autophagy in the cytosolic environment. This review deals with the molecular mechanisms of both autophagy and apoptosis including crosstalk between them; emphasizing epigenetic regulation, involvement of LLPS therein, and possible therapeutic approaches against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 030, MP, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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Li J, Liu Y, Zheng R, Qu C, Li J. Molecular mechanisms of TACE refractoriness: Directions for improvement of the TACE procedure. Life Sci 2024; 342:122540. [PMID: 38428568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the standard of care for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and selected patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, TACE does not achieve a satisfactory objective response rate, and the concept of TACE refractoriness has been proposed to identify patients who do not fully benefit from TACE. Moreover, repeated TACE is necessary to obtain an optimal and sustained anti-tumour response, which may damage the patient's liver function. Therefore, studies have recently been performed to improve the effectiveness of TACE. In this review, we summarise the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with TACE responsiveness and relapse after this treatment to provide more effective targets for adjuvant therapy while helping to improve TACE regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China; The Public Laboratory Platform of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China; The Public Laboratory Platform of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chaaya C, Zgheib G, El Karak F. Pharmacotherapy developments in autophagy inhibitors for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1853-1860. [PMID: 37668151 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is an intracellular process that plays a key role in the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been described as a potential therapeutic target in oncology, whether by activating or inhibiting its different cascades. Autophagy inhibitors interact with different molecular processes of the hallmarks of cancer. AREAS COVERED Multiple proteins of the autophagy cascade could be aimed by specific inhibitors in many tumors, notably bladder cancer. In fact, bladder cancer has been increasing in prevalence over the last decade, and resistance to conventional treatment has been extensively reported in the literature. Autophagy inhibitors in bladder cancer have been described in preclinical studies to increase the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper is a review of the literature, which selected randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies documenting the relationship between autophagy inhibitors and bladder cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Autophagy is a promising pathway for cancer cell targeting that opens the horizons for a potential new therapeutic area in particular the multidisciplinary management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chaaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghady Zgheib
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Allameh A, Niayesh-Mehr R, Aliarab A, Sebastiani G, Pantopoulos K. Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1653. [PMID: 37759956 PMCID: PMC10525124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The disruption of redox balance causes oxidative stress, which affects liver function, modulates inflammatory pathways and contributes to disease. Thus, oxidative stress is implicated in acute liver injury and in the pathogenesis of prevalent infectious or metabolic chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in liver disease progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we provide an overview on the effects of oxidative stress on liver pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Salete-Granado D, Carbonell C, Puertas-Miranda D, Vega-Rodríguez VJ, García-Macia M, Herrero AB, Marcos M. Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Potential Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1425. [PMID: 37507963 PMCID: PMC10376811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol consumption triggers oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its metabolites. This process leads to steatosis and liver inflammation, which are critical for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Autophagy is a regulated dynamic process that sequesters damaged and excess cytoplasmic organelles for lysosomal degradation and may counteract the harmful effects of ROS-induced oxidative stress. These effects include hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and iron overload. In liver diseases, particularly ALD, macroautophagy has been implicated as a protective mechanism in hepatocytes, although it does not appear to play the same role in stellate cells. Beyond the liver, autophagy may also mitigate the harmful effects of alcohol on other organs, thereby providing an additional layer of protection against ALD. This protective potential is further supported by studies showing that drugs that interact with autophagy, such as rapamycin, can prevent ALD development in animal models. This systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of the literature, focusing on the role of autophagy in oxidative stress regulation, its involvement in organ-organ crosstalk relevant to ALD, and the potential of autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salete-Granado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Puertas-Miranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor-José Vega-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Lai S, Ma Y, Hao L, Ding Q, Chang K, Zhuge H, Qiu J, Xu T, Dou X, Li S. 1-Methylnicotinamide promotes hepatic steatosis in mice: A potential mechanism in chronic alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159286. [PMID: 36690322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and its related diseases are the major risk factors for human health. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the mechanism of ALD has been widely investigated, liver metabolites associated with long-term alcohol intake-induced hepatic steatosis have not been well explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), a metabolite during nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, in the pathogenesis of ALD. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were subjected to chronic alcohol feeding with or without 1-MNA (50 mg/kg/day). Our data showed that 1-MNA administration significantly enhanced chronic alcohol consumption-induced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that alcohol-increased hepatic protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP-1c), a key enzyme that regulates lipid lipogenesis, were enhanced in mice administered with 1-MNA, regardless of alcohol feeding. Consistently, alcohol-increased mRNA and protein levels of hepatic diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) were also exacerbated by 1-MNA administration. Alcohol-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was enhanced by 1-MNA administration, which was evidenced by increased protein levels of binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), phosphorylated- protein kinase r-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) in the mouse liver. Overall, this study demonstrated that 1-MNA serves as a pathogenic factor in the development of ALD. Targeting liver 1-MNA levels may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for improving hepatic steatosis in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglei Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kaixin Chang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui Zhuge
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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10
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Harikrishna AS, Venkitasamy K. Identification of novel human nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitors: a structure-based pharmacophore modeling and molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14638-14650. [PMID: 36856058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Human nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (hNNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme associated in the phase-II metabolism, belonging to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases family. Overexpression of hNNMT was observed in diseases such as metabolic disorders and different types of cancers, which suggest NNMT as a prospective therapeutic target. In this study we propose a structure-based pharmacophore model to understand the structural features responsible for the pharmacological activity. The generated model was validated using the ROC curve (AUC), goodness of hit score (GH), specificity, sensitivity and enrichment factor (EF). The pharmacophore was employed to retrieve active molecules from the ZINC database, followed by virtual-screening and molecular docking. Six molecules with the best pharmfit score, binding energy and ADMET properties were identified in this study. A 150 ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed on the selected molecules complexed with hNNMT protein to validate the results. The molecules ZINC35464499, ZINC13311192, ZINC31159282, ZINC14650833, ZINC14819515 and ZINC00303881 were identified, which could be act as the potential hNNMT inhibitors and can also be used as direct hits for developing novel hNNMT antagonists.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Harikrishna
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kesavan Venkitasamy
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Liu W, Zhu M, Li X, Er L, Li S. NNMT Is an Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker That Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9226712. [PMID: 36817086 PMCID: PMC9934984 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9226712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed the significant roles of nicotinamide n-methyltransferase (NNMT) in cancer initiation, development, and progression; however, a pan-cancer analysis of NNMT has not been conducted. In this study, we first thoroughly investigated the expression and prognostic significance of NNMT and the relationship between NNMT and the tumor microenvironment using bioinformatic analysis. NNMT was significantly increased and associated with poor prognosis in many common cancers. NNMT expression correlated with the infiltration levels of cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages in pan-cancer. Function enrichment analysis discovered that NNMT related to cancer-promoting and immune pathways in various common cancers, such as colon adenocarcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma. NNMT expression was positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially M2-like TAMs. The results suggest that NNMT might be a new biomarker for immune infiltration and poor prognosis in cancers, providing new direction on therapeutics of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Hainan Yilai Telemedicine Center, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Limian Er
- Department of Endoscope room, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shengmian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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12
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Deng A, Ma L, Ji Q, Xing J, Qin J, Zhou X, Wang X, Wang S, Wu J, Chen X. Activation of the Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway enhances oxidative stress-induced autophagy and alleviates brain damage in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:18-26. [PMID: 36315971 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in stroke. Our previous study showed that the FoxO3 transcription factor promotes autophagy after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, whether the Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in autophagy in cerebral I/R-induced oxidative stress injury is still unclear. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway on autophagy activation and neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. By employing LY294002 or insulin to regulate the Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway, we found that insulin pretreatment increased cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species production, and enhanced the expression of antiapoptotic and autophagy-related proteins following H2O2 injury in HT22 cells. In addition, insulin significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and infarct volume and increased the expression of antiapoptotic and autophagy-related proteins following I/R injury in rats. However, LY294002 showed the opposite effects under these conditions. Altogether, these results indicate that Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway activation inhibited oxidative stress-mediated cell death through activation of autophagy. Our study supports a critical role for the Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway in autophagy activation in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong 226006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Lei Y, Chu Y, Yu X, Tong Q, Zhu T, Yu H, Fang S, Li G, Wang L, Wang GY, Xie X, Zhang J. NNMT contributes to high metastasis of triple negative breast cancer by enhancing PP2A/MEK/ERK/c-Jun/ABCA1 pathway mediated membrane fluidity. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215884. [PMID: 35988817 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanism for high metastasis capacity of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) is crucial to improve treatment outcomes of TNBC. We have recently reported that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is overexpressed in breast cancer, especially in TNBC, and predicts poor survival of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Here, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of NNMT on metastasis of TNBC. Additionally, analysis of public datasets indicated that NNMT is involved in cholesterol metabolism. In vitro, NNMT overexpression promoted migration and invasion of TNBCs by reducing cholesterol levels in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Mechanistically, NNMT activated MEK/ERK/c-Jun/ABCA1 pathway by repressing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity leading to cholesterol efflux and membrane fluidity enhancement, thereby promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBCs. In vivo, the metastasis capacity of TNBCs was weakened by targeting NNMT. Collectively, our findings suggest a new molecular mechanism involving NNMT in metastasis and poor survival of TNBC mediated by PP2A and affecting cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yinjiao Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yadong Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Armed Police Corps Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xingtong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qingchao Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sining Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA; Cancer Cell Biology Program of the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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14
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Hong J, Maacha S, Pidkovka N, Bates A, Salaria SN, Washington MK, Belkhiri A. AXL Promotes Metformin-Induced Apoptosis Through Mediation of Autophagy by Activating ROS-AMPK-ULK1 Signaling in Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903874. [PMID: 35936716 PMCID: PMC9354051 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AXL receptor tyrosine kinase promotes an invasive phenotype and chemotherapy resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). AXL has been implicated in the regulation of autophagy, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigate the mechanistic role of AXL in autophagy as well as metformin-induced effects on the growth and survival of EAC. We demonstrate that AXL mediates autophagic flux through activation of AMPK-ULK1 signaling in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism by glucose starvation. AXL positively regulates basal cellular ROS levels without significantly affecting mitochondrial ROS production in EAC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of cellular ROS using Trolox abrogates glucose starvation-induced AMPK signaling and autophagy. We demonstrate that AXL expression is required for metformin-induced apoptosis in EAC cells in vitro. The apoptosis induction by metformin is markedly attenuated by inhibition of autophagy through genetic silencing of Beclin1 or ATG7 autophagy mediators, thereby confirming the requirement of intact autophagy for enhancing metformin-induced apoptosis in EAC cells. Our data indicate that metformin-induced autophagy displays a pro-apoptotic function in EAC cells. We show that the metformin-induced suppression of tumor growth in vivo is highly dependent on AXL expression in a tumor xenograft mouse model of EAC. We demonstrate that AXL promotes metformin-induced apoptosis through activation of autophagy in EAC. AXL may be a valuable biomarker to identify tumors that are sensitive to metformin. Therefore, AXL expression could inform the selection of patients for future clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of metformin in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Selma Maacha
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nataliya Pidkovka
- Department of Health Science, South College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andreia Bates
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Safia N. Salaria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mary K. Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Abbes Belkhiri,
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15
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Overexpression of NNMT in Glioma Aggravates Tumor Cell Progression: An Emerging Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143538. [PMID: 35884600 PMCID: PMC9316405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioma is one of the most common intracranial malignancies and is incurable due to strong aggressiveness and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The lack of effective therapeutic targets is a major problem in current treatment. In the present study, we found that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a key factor influencing the occurrence and development of glioma. High NNMT expression in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. NNMT knockdown reduced the volume of mice xenograft glioma and the viability of glioma cells. Additionally, overexpression of NNMT epigenetically silenced GAP43 through DNA methylation, histone methylation, and deacetylation modification processes. GAP43 can inhibit the formation of microtubules in tumor and intertumor cell network connections and induce apoptosis through the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Therefore, NNMT could be a potential candidate for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Abstract Purpose: Increasing evidence has revealed that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a key factor influencing the prognosis of tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NNMT in glioma and to elucidate the associated functional mechanisms. Methods: Clinical samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting to evaluate NNMT expression in glioma and normal brain tissues. The correlation between NNMT expression and glioma was analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, NNMT was knocked down in two types of glioma cells, U87 and U251, to evaluate the invasive ability of these cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate NNMT knockdown in the cells. Furthermore, ELISA was used to determine the balance between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NAD/NADH ratio), which verified the altered methylation patterns in the cells. The glioma xenograft mouse models were used to verify the regulatory role of NNMT, GAP43, and SIRT1. Results: Analysis based on our clinical glioma samples and TCGA database revealed that overexpression of NNMT was associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of NNMT reduced the invasive ability of glioma cells, and downregulation of its downstream protein GAP43 occurred due to altered cellular methylation caused by NNMT overexpression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis confirmed that NNMT modulated the NAD-related signaling pathway and showed a negative association between NNMT and SIRT1. Moreover, the regulatory roles of NNMT, GAP43, and SIRT1 were confirmed in glioma xenograft mouse models. Conclusion: Overexpression of NNMT causes abnormal DNA methylation through regulation of the NAD/NADH ratio, which in turn leads to the downregulation of GAP43 and SIRT1, eventually altering the biological behavior of tumor cells.
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16
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Dietary folate drives methionine metabolism to promote cancer development by stabilizing MAT IIA. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:192. [PMID: 35729157 PMCID: PMC9213445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid, served as dietary supplement, is closely linked to one-carbon metabolism and methionine metabolism. Previous clinical evidence indicated that folic acid supplementation displays dual effect on cancer development, promoting or suppressing tumor formation and progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be uncovered. Here, we report that high-folate diet significantly promotes cancer development in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by DEN/high-fat diet (HFD), simultaneously with increased expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (gene name, MAT2A; protein name, MATIIα), the key enzyme in methionine metabolism, and acceleration of methionine cycle in cancer tissues. In contrast, folate-free diet reduces MATIIα expression and impedes HFD-induced HCC development. Notably, methionine metabolism is dynamically reprogrammed with valosin-containing protein p97/p47 complex-interacting protein (VCIP135) which functions as a deubiquitylating enzyme to bind and stabilize MATIIα in response to folic acid signal. Consistently, upregulation of MATIIα expression is positively correlated with increased VCIP135 protein level in human HCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Furthermore, liver-specific knockout of Mat2a remarkably abolishes the advocating effect of folic acid on HFD-induced HCC, demonstrating that the effect of high or free folate-diet on HFD-induced HCC relies on Mat2a. Moreover, folate and multiple intermediate metabolites in one-carbon metabolism are significantly decreased in vivo and in vitro upon Mat2a deletion. Together, folate promotes the integration of methionine and one-carbon metabolism, contributing to HCC development via hijacking MATIIα metabolic pathway. This study provides insight into folate-promoted cancer development, strongly recommending the tailor-made folate supplement guideline for both sub-healthy populations and patients with cancer expressing high level of MATIIα expression.
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17
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Zhang C, Zhu N, Li H, Gong Y, Gu J, Shi Y, Liao D, Wang W, Dai A, Qin L. New dawn for cancer cell death: Emerging role of lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101529. [PMID: 35714911 PMCID: PMC9237930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cell death, a protective mechanism for removing damaged cells, is a "Hallmark of Cancer" that is essential for cancer progression. Increasing attention to cancer lipid metabolism has revealed a number of pathways that induce cancer cell death. SCOPE OF REVIEW We summarize emerging concepts regarding lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer that is mainly involved in lipid uptake and trafficking, de novo synthesis and esterification, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. During carcinogenesis and progression, continuous metabolic adaptations are co-opted by cancer cells, to maximize their fitness to the ever-changing environmental. Lipid metabolism and the epigenetic modifying enzymes interact in a bidirectional manner which involves regulating cancer cell death. Moreover, lipids in the tumor microenvironment play unique roles beyond metabolic requirements that promote cancer progression. Finally, we posit potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patient. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The profound comprehension of past findings, current trends, and future research directions on resistance to cancer cell death will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410021, PR China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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18
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Li XY, Pi YN, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Xia BR. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: A Promising Biomarker and Target for Human Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894744. [PMID: 35756670 PMCID: PMC9218565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells typically exhibit a tightly regulated program of metabolic plasticity and epigenetic remodeling to meet the demand of uncontrolled cell proliferation. The metabolic-epigenetic axis has recently become an increasingly hot topic in carcinogenesis and offers new avenues for innovative and personalized cancer treatment strategies. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme involved in controlling methylation potential, impacting DNA and histone epigenetic modification. NNMT overexpression has been described in various solid cancer tissues and even body fluids, including serum, urine, and saliva. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has shown that NNMT knockdown significantly decreases tumorigenesis and chemoresistance capacity. Most importantly, the natural NNMT inhibitor yuanhuadine can reverse epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancer cells. In this review, we evaluate the possibility of NNMT as a diagnostic biomarker and molecular target for effective anticancer treatment. We also reveal the exact mechanisms of how NNMT affects epigenetics and the development of more potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
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19
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Reustle A, Menig LS, Leuthold P, Hofmann U, Stühler V, Schmees C, Becker M, Haag M, Klumpp V, Winter S, Büttner FA, Rausch S, Hennenlotter J, Fend F, Scharpf M, Stenzl A, Bedke J, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase is a promising metabolic drug target for primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e883. [PMID: 35678045 PMCID: PMC9178377 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic enzyme nicotinamide‐N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is highly expressed in various cancer entities, suggesting tumour‐promoting functions. We systematically investigated NNMT expression and its metabolic interactions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a prominent RCC subtype with metabolic alterations, to elucidate its role as a drug target. Methods NNMT expression was assessed in primary ccRCC (n = 134), non‐tumour tissue and ccRCC‐derived metastases (n = 145) by microarray analysis and/or immunohistochemistry. Findings were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma [KIRC], n = 452) and by single‐cell analysis. Expression was correlated with clinicopathological data and survival. Metabolic alterations in NNMT‐depleted cells were assessed by nontargeted/targeted metabolomics and extracellular flux analysis. The NNMT inhibitor (NNMTi) alone and in combination with the inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose for glycolysis and BPTES (bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl‐sulfide) for glutamine metabolism was investigated in RCC cell lines (786‐O, A498) and in two 2D ccRCC‐derived primary cultures and three 3D ccRCC air–liquid interface models. Results NNMT protein was overexpressed in primary ccRCC (p = 1.32 × 10–16) and ccRCC‐derived metastases (p = 3.92 × 10–20), irrespective of metastatic location, versus non‐tumour tissue. Single‐cell data showed predominant NNMT expression in ccRCC and not in the tumour microenvironment. High NNMT expression in primary ccRCC correlated with worse survival in independent cohorts (primary RCC—hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–12.4; KIRC—HR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.0–5.4). NNMT depletion leads to intracellular glutamine accumulation, with negative effects on mitochondrial function and cell survival, while not affecting glycolysis or glutathione metabolism. At the gene level, NNMT‐depleted cells upregulate glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. NNMTi alone or in combination with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and BPTES resulted in inhibition of cell viability in ccRCC cell lines and primary tumour and metastasis‐derived models. In two out of three patient‐derived ccRCC air–liquid interface models, NNMTi treatment induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Since efficient glutamine utilisation, which is essential for ccRCC tumours, depends on NNMT, small‐molecule NNMT inhibitors provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ccRCC and act as sensitizers for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Menig
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Leuthold
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Klumpp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian A Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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20
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Zou L, Liao M, Zhen Y, Zhu S, Chen X, Zhang J, Hao Y, Liu B. Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3743-3782. [PMID: 36213540 PMCID: PMC9532564 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), as a serine/threonine kinase, is an autophagic initiator in mammals and a homologous protein of autophagy related protein (Atg) 1 in yeast and of UNC-51 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ULK1 is well-known for autophagy activation, which is evolutionarily conserved in protein transport and indispensable to maintain cell homeostasis. As the direct target of energy and nutrition-sensing kinase, ULK1 may contribute to the distribution and utilization of cellular resources in response to metabolism and is closely associated with multiple pathophysiological processes. Moreover, ULK1 has been widely reported to play a crucial role in human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and infections, and subsequently targeted small-molecule inhibitors or activators are also demonstrated. Interestingly, the non-autophagy function of ULK1 has been emerging, indicating that non-autophagy-relevant ULK1 signaling network is also linked with diseases under some specific contexts. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the structure and functions of ULK1 as an autophagic initiator, with a focus on some new approaches, and further elucidated the key roles of ULK1 in autophagy and non-autophagy. Additionally, we also discussed the relationships between ULK1 and human diseases, as well as illustrated a rapid progress for better understanding of the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting ULK1, which will provide a clue on novel ULK1-targeted therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
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21
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Xu W, Hou L, Li P, Li L. Effect of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12421-12434. [PMID: 35603729 PMCID: PMC9276046 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2074768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a methylase, and its expression is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to detect the effects of NNMT on lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors, genes related to lipid metabolism, adipokine expression, and autophagy in adipocytes. Lentivirus vectors and eukaryotic expression plasmids were used to interfere with NNMT expression. The Oil Red O method was used to detect lipid accumulation, and colorimetry was used to detect triglyceride levels. The transcription of adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1), lipid metabolism-related genes (FABP4, FAS, FATP1 [SLC27A1], and LPL), adipokines (ADIPOQ and LEP) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, ATG7, ATG12, and ATG14) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expressions of PPARγ, ADIPOQ, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, and P62 were detected by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the knockdown of NNMT expression reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 cells. The transcription of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, FABP4, FASN, FATP1, LPL, Beclin1, ATG7, ATG12, and ATG14 decreased, while ADIPOQ and LEP transcription increased. The expression of PPARγ, LC3I/II, and Beclin1 proteins also decreased, while ADIPOQ and P62 protein expression increased. The over-expression NNMT group showed experimental results opposite to those described above. Interference with the expression of NNMT affects lipid accumulation, triglyceride content after cell differentiation, adipocyte differentiation-related transcription factors, genes related to lipid metabolism, the expression of adipokines, and autophagy in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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The Role of Autophagy in Anti-Cancer and Health Promoting Effects of Cordycepin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164954. [PMID: 34443541 PMCID: PMC8400201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is an adenosine derivative isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, which has been used as an herbal complementary and alternative medicine with various biological activities. The general anti-cancer mechanisms of cordycepin are regulated by the adenosine A3 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Notably, cordycepin also induces autophagy to trigger cell death, inhibits tumor metastasis, and modulates the immune system. Since the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancers and neuron, immune, and kidney diseases, cordycepin is considered an alternative treatment because of the involvement of cordycepin in autophagic signaling. However, the profound mechanism of autophagy induction by cordycepin has never been reviewed in detail. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin in the neurons, kidneys, and the immune system through diverse mechanisms, including autophagy induction. We also suggest that formulation changes for cordycepin could enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability and lower its toxicity for future applications. A comprehensive understanding of the autophagy mechanism would provide novel mechanistic insight into the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin.
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23
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Li Y, Yang G, Yang C, Tang P, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu J, Ouyang L. Targeting Autophagy-Related Epigenetic Regulators for Cancer Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11798-11815. [PMID: 34378389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs), which are associated with the occurrence and development of tumors, can directly or indirectly regulate autophagy. In particular, nuclear events induced by several epigenetic regulators can regulate the autophagic process and expression levels of tumor-associated genes, thereby promoting tumor progression. Tumor-associated microRNAs, including oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs, are of great significance to autophagy during tumor progression. Targeting autophagy with emerging epigenetic drugs is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for human tumors. From this perspective, we aim to summarize the role of epigenetic modification in the autophagic process and the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the regulatory efficacy of epigenetic drugs on the autophagic process in tumors is also summarized. This perspective may provide a theoretical basis for the combined treatment of epigenetic drugs/autophagy mediators in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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24
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Xu Y, Wei L, Tang S, Shi Q, Wu B, Yang X, Zou Y, Wang X, Ao Q, Meng L, Wei X, Zhang N, Li Y, Lan C, Chen M, Li X, Lu C. Regulation PP2Ac methylation ameliorating autophagy dysfunction caused by Mn is associated with mTORC1/ULK1 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112441. [PMID: 34363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure leads to autophagy dysfunction and causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of neurotoxicity of Mn has been less clear. The methylation of the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit determines the dephosphorylation activity of protein phosphatase and plays an important role in autophagy regulation. In this investigation, we established a model of Mn (0-2000 μmol/L) exposure to N2a cells for 12 h, used the PPME-1 inhibitor ABL-127, and constructed an LCMT1-overexpressing N2a cell line. We also regulated the PP2Ac methylation level and explored the effect of PP2Ac methylation on Mn-induced (0-1000 μmol/L) N2a cellular autophagy. Our results showed that Mn > 500 μmol/L induced N2a cell damage and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, Mn modulated autophagy in N2a cells by downregulating PP2Ac methylation, which regulated mTORC1 signaling pathway activation. Both ABL-127 and LCMT1 overexpression can upregulate PP2Ac methylation in parallel with ameliorating N2a cell abnormal autophagy induced by Mn, Briefly, the upregulation of PP2Ac methylation can ameliorate the autophagy disorder of N2a by Mn and effectively alleviate Mn-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, indicating that regulation of autophagy is a protective strategy against Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lancheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ling Meng
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xuejing Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunhua Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Muting Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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25
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Mandhair HK, Novak U, Radpour R. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy: A key modification in cancer cells and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:542-567. [PMID: 34249227 PMCID: PMC8246247 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in cancer initiation and propagation via the regulation of key tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes or by modulation of essential signaling pathways. Autophagy is a highly regulated mechanism required for the recycling and degradation of surplus and damaged cytoplasmic constituents in a lysosome dependent manner. In cancer, autophagy has a divergent role. For instance, autophagy elicits tumor promoting functions by facilitating metabolic adaption and plasticity in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells. Moreover, autophagy exerts pro-survival mechanisms to these cancerous cells by influencing survival, dormancy, immunosurveillance, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that various tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes involved in autophagy, are tightly regulated via different epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. The impact of epigenetic regulation of autophagy in cancer cells and CSCs is not well-understood. Therefore, uncovering the complex mechanism of epigenetic regulation of autophagy provides an opportunity to improve and discover novel cancer therapeutics. Subsequently, this would aid in improving clinical outcome for cancer patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge available on epigenetic regulation of autophagy and its importance in the maintenance and homeostasis of CSCs and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet K Mandhair
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Urban Novak
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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26
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Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Acquisition of Stem Cell Properties and Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115681. [PMID: 34073600 PMCID: PMC8197977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is tightly linked to the maintenance of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) into methyl nicotinamide (MNAM), which is either excreted or further metabolized to N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY) and H2O2. Enzymatic activity of NNMT is important for the prevention of NAM-mediated inhibition of NAD+-consuming enzymes poly-adenosine -diphosphate (ADP), ribose polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins (SIRTs). Inappropriately high expression and activity of NNMT, commonly present in various types of cancer, has the potential to disrupt NAD+ homeostasis and cellular methylation potential. Largely overlooked, in the context of cancer, is the inhibitory effect of 2-PY on PARP-1 activity, which abrogates NNMT's positive effect on cellular NAD+ flux by stalling liberation of NAM and reducing NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. This review describes, and discusses, the mechanisms by which NNMT promotes NAD+ depletion and epigenetic reprogramming, leading to the development of metabolic plasticity, evasion of a major tumor suppressive process of cellular senescence, and acquisition of stem cell properties. All these phenomena are related to therapy resistance and worse clinical outcomes.
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27
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Zhang Y, Lu Z, Zeng W, Zhao J, Zhou X. Two sides of NNMT in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver development. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1250-1253. [PMID: 33340570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhouping Lu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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28
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Song Q, Wang J, Griffiths A, Song Z. Reply to: "NNMT aggravates hepatic steatosis but alleviates liver injury in alcoholic liver disease" and "Two sides of NNMT in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver development". J Hepatol 2021; 74:1253-1254. [PMID: 33529671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffiths
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Zhao F, Feng G, Zhu J, Su Z, Guo R, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhai Y. 3-Methyladenine-enhanced susceptibility to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting autophagy. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:386-393. [PMID: 33395067 PMCID: PMC7952045 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As an effective targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib resistance has been frequently reported in recent years, with the activation of autophagy by cancer cells under drug stress being one of the crucial reasons. Sorafenib treatment could enhance autophagy in HCC cells and autophagy is also considered as an important mechanisms of drug resistance. Therefore, the inhibition of autophagy is a potential way to improve the sensitivity and eliminate drug resistance to restore their efficacy. To determine whether autophagy is involved in sorafenib resistance and investigate its role in the regulation of HepG2 cells' (an HCC cell line) chemosensitivity to sorafenib, we simultaneously treated HepG2 with sorafenib and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) (a common autophagy inhibitor). First, by performing cell counting kit 8 cell viability assay, Hoechst 33342 apoptosis staining, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis kit detection, we found that both sorafenib and 3-MA effectively inhibitted the proliferative activity of HepG2 cells and induced their apoptosis to a certain extent. This effect was significantly enhanced after these two drugs were combined, which was also confirmed by the increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Subsequently, by using AAV-GFP-LC3 transfection methods and transmission electron microscopy, we found that both the number and activity of autophagosomes in HepG2 cells in sorafenib and 3-MA group were significantly reduced, suggesting that autophagy activity was inhibited, and this result was consistent with the expression results of autophagy-related proteins. Therefore, we conclude that 3-MA may attenuate the acquired drug resistance of sorafenib by counteracting its induction of autophagy activity, thus enhancing its sensitivity to advanced HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohe Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian
| | - Ruyi Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian
| | - Jiangfu Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhu AK, Shan YQ, Zhang J, Liu XC, Ying RC, Kong WC. Exosomal NNMT from peritoneum lavage fluid promotes peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:305-313. [PMID: 33508890 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the major cause of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in GC has been reported, but the role of secreted NNMT that is transported by exosomes remains unknown. In this study, exosomes were isolated from GC patients with or without PM and from GC cell line, including GC-114, GC-026, MKN45, and SNU-16 cells. The contents of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes isolated from GC patients with PM compared with those from GC patients without PM. Furthermore, the levels of NNMT were significantly enhanced in exosomes from GC cell lines relative to those from normal human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 cells. These data indicate that NNMT may be involved in intercellular communication for peritoneal dissemination. Moreover, colocalization of GC-derived exosomal NNMT was found in human peritoneal mesothelial cell line HMrSV5 cells. Additionally, relative to GES-1 exosomes, SNU-16 exosomes significantly activated TGF-β/smad2 signaling in HMrSV5 cells. However, when NNMT was silenced, the activation of TGF-β/smad2 by SNU-16 exosomes was abolished in HMrSV5 cells. We propose that NNMT-containing exosomes derived from GC cells could promote peritoneal metastasis via TGF-β/smad2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Kao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Chun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong-Chao Ying
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
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Roberti A, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: At the crossroads between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101165. [PMID: 33453420 PMCID: PMC7868988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The abundance of energy metabolites is intimately interconnected with the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes in order to guarantee the finely tuned modulation of gene expression in response to cellular energetic status. Metabolism-induced epigenetic gene regulation is a key molecular axis for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with several pathological conditions. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), directly linking one-carbon metabolism with a cell's methylation balance and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. NNMT expression and activity are regulated in a tissue-specific-manner, and the protein can act either physiologically or pathologically depending on its distribution. While NNMT exerts a beneficial effect by regulating lipid parameters in the liver, its expression in adipose tissue correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. NNMT upregulation has been observed in a variety of cancers, and increased NNMT expression has been associated with tumor progression, metastasis and worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, NNMT represents an appealing druggable target for metabolic disorders as well as oncological and other diseases in which the protein is improperly activated. Scope of review This review examines emerging findings concerning the complex NNMT regulatory network and the role of NNMT in both NAD metabolism and cell methylation balance. We extensively describe recent findings concerning the physiological and pathological regulation of NNMT with a specific focus on the function of NNMT in obesity, insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders along with its well-accepted role as a cancer-associated metabolic enzyme. Advances in strategies targeting NNMT pathways are also reported, together with current limitations of NNMT inhibitor drugs in clinical use. Major conclusions NNMT is emerging as a key point of intersection between cellular metabolism and epigenetic gene regulation, and growing evidence supports its central role in several pathologies. The use of molecules that target NNMT represents a current pharmaceutical challenge for the treatment of several metabolic-related disease as well as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain.
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Rivas MP, Aguiar TFM, Maschietto M, Lemes RB, Caires-Júnior LC, Goulart E, Telles-Silva KA, Novak E, Cristofani LM, Odone V, Cypriano M, de Toledo SRC, Carraro DM, Escobar MQ, Lee H, Johnston M, da Costa CML, da Cunha IW, Tasic L, Pearson PL, Rosenberg C, Timchenko N, Krepischi ACV. Hepatoblastomas exhibit marked NNMT downregulation driven by promoter DNA hypermethylation. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320977124. [PMID: 33256542 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320977124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastomas exhibit the lowest mutational burden among pediatric tumors. We previously showed that epigenetic disruption is crucial for hepatoblastoma carcinogenesis. Our data revealed hypermethylation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, a highly expressed gene in adipocytes and hepatocytes. The expression pattern and the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in pediatric liver tumors have not yet been explored, and this study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase hypermethylation in hepatoblastomas. We evaluated 45 hepatoblastomas and 26 non-tumoral liver samples. We examined in hepatoblastomas if the observed nicotinamide N-methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation could lead to dysregulation of expression by measuring mRNA and protein levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. The potential impact of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase changes was evaluated on the metabolic profile by high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Significant nicotinamide N-methyltransferase downregulation was revealed in hepatoblastomas, with two orders of magnitude lower nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression in tumor samples and hepatoblastoma cell lines than in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. A specific TSS1500 CpG site (cg02094283) of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase was hypermethylated in tumors, with an inverse correlation between its methylation level and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression. A marked global reduction of the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase protein was validated in tumors, with strong correlation between gene and protein expression. Of note, higher nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression was statistically associated with late hepatoblastoma diagnosis, a known clinical variable of worse prognosis. In addition, untargeted metabolomics analysis detected aberrant lipid metabolism in hepatoblastomas. Data presented here showed the first evidence that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reduction occurs in hepatoblastomas, providing further support that the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase downregulation is a wide phenomenon in liver cancer. Furthermore, this study unraveled the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression in hepatoblastomas, in addition to evaluate the potential effect of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reduction in the metabolism of these tumors. These preliminary findings also suggested that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase level may be a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prates Rivas
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Ferreira Marques Aguiar
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renan B Lemes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayque Alves Telles-Silva
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Novak
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Genetics-São Paulo's Blood Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Cristofani
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Odone
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Cypriano
- Department of Pediatric, Adolescent and Child with Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Department of Pediatric, Adolescent and Child with Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Center for Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa Quintero Escobar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Johnston
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Isabela Werneck da Cunha
- Department of Pathology, Rede D'OR São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Peter L Pearson
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Bhutia SK. Epigenetic modifications of autophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Kim DS, Ham WS, Jang WS, Cho KS, Choi YD, Kang S, Kim B, Kim KJ, Lim EJ, Rha SY, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH, Jeong CW, Cho NH. Scale-Up Evaluation of a Composite Tumor Marker Assay for the Early Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100750. [PMID: 32992891 PMCID: PMC7601868 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using tumor markers remains an attractive prospect for the potential to downstage the disease. To validate the scale-up clinical performance of potential tumor markers for RCC (as a single marker and as a composite tumor marker composed of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), L-Plastin (LCP1), and non-metastatic cells 1 protein (NM23A)), the scale-up assay was performed. Patients with RCC from multiple domestic institutes were included in the clinical evaluation for reassessment and improvement of the established triple markers of our product. For the diagnostic performance of the composite markers, the best-split cutoff points of each marker (147 pg/mL for NNMT, 1780 pg/mL for LCP1, and 520 pg/mL for NM23A) were installed. Serum levels of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A were greatly increased in subjects with RCC (p < 0.0001). In 1042 blind sample tests with control individuals (n = 500) and patients with RCC (n = 542), the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the composite three-marker assay were 0.871 and 0.894, respectively, and the resulting AUC (Area under Curve) of ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) was 0.917. As a single marker, the diagnostic accuracies of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A, as estimated by ROC, were 0.833, 0.844, and 0.601, respectively. The composite three-marker assay with NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A is a more improved novel serum marker assay for the early detection of RCC in cases of renal mass or unknown condition. The NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A triple marker assay could be a powerful diagnostic tumor marker assay to screen the early stage of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Su Kim
- Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-834, Korea; (D.S.K.); (B.K.); (K.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.S.H.); (W.S.J.); (K.S.C.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Won Sik Jang
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.S.H.); (W.S.J.); (K.S.C.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.S.H.); (W.S.J.); (K.S.C.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.S.H.); (W.S.J.); (K.S.C.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-834, Korea; (D.S.K.); (B.K.); (K.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Kook Jin Kim
- Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-834, Korea; (D.S.K.); (B.K.); (K.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Ji Lim
- Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-834, Korea; (D.S.K.); (B.K.); (K.J.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.H.K.); (C.K.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.H.K.); (C.K.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.H.K.); (C.K.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.H.K.); (C.K.); (H.H.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.J.); (N.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-3899 (C.W.J.); +82-2-2228-1767 (N.H.C.); Fax: +82-2-742-4665 (C.W.J.); +82-2-362-0860 (N.H.C.)
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.W.J.); (N.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-3899 (C.W.J.); +82-2-2228-1767 (N.H.C.); Fax: +82-2-742-4665 (C.W.J.); +82-2-362-0860 (N.H.C.)
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Liu X, Wu J, Wang N, Xia L, Fan S, Lu Y, Chen X, Shang S, Yang Y, Huang Q, Chen Q, Zhou H, Zheng J. Artesunate reverses LPS tolerance by promoting ULK1-mediated autophagy through interference with the CaMKII-IP3R-CaMKKβ pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106863. [PMID: 32759048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The progress of sepsis is increasingly recognized by the transition from early hyperinflammation to long term immunosuppression, which is characterized in innate immune cells by diminished responsiveness termed as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance. In this study, we investigated the ability of the antimalarial drug artesunate to reverse LPS tolerance and explored the underlying mechanisms. Initially, we detected a dramatic decline in autophagy accompanied by decreased cytokine production and impaired bacterial clearance by LPS tolerant macrophages. Then we demonstrated that artesunate restored cytokine production and enhanced bacterial clearance by inducing autophagy. Moreover, artesunate caused greater suppression of inhibitory phosphorylation than of activating phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a kinase that is essential for initiating autophagy through the inhibition of excessive AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This effect was shown to be achieved by suppression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation, resulting in reduction of the inositol 1,4,5-triphate receptor (IP3R) dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibiting the overactive CaMKKβ-AMPK cascade. Administration of artesunate also upregulated autophagy and reversed the tolerant status in LPS tolerant mice. In summary, our findings reveal a novel immunopharmacological action of artesunate to reverse LPS tolerance by restoring autophagy. Our results may also indicate the significance of autophagy induction for treating immunosuppression in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; NCO School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharm Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Xia
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shenglan Shang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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36
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Yu H, Zhou X, Wang Y, Huang X, Yang J, Zeng J, Li G, Xie X, Zhang J. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibits autophagy induced by oxidative stress through suppressing the AMPK pathway in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32489327 PMCID: PMC7247246 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is highly expressed in several cancers and can regulate cell epigenetic status and various cell metabolism pathways, such as ATP synthesis and cellular stress response. We reported in our previous papers that NNMT overexpression inhibits the apoptosis and enhances the chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the effect of NNMT on autophagy induced by oxidative stress in breast cancer cells, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. Methods NNMT and LC3B II protein levels in the two cell models (SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) with NNMT overexpression or knockdown were detected by Western blotting and correlated with each other. Changes in cellular viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels were assessed after H2O2 treatment. Then, autophagosomes were imaged by transmission electron microscopy, and LC3 puncta were examined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The LC3B II level and AMPK-ULK1 pathway activity were both detected by Western blotting to determine the role of NNMT in the H2O2-induced autophagy. Results NNMT expression was negatively correlated with LC3B II expression in both cell models (SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231). Then, NNMT overexpression attenuated the autophagy induced by H2O2 in SK-BR-3 cells, whereas knockdown promoted autophagy induced by H2O2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that NNMT suppressed the ROS increase, ATP decrease and AMPK-ULK1 pathway activation, resulting in the inhibition of H2O2-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. Conclusions We conclude that NNMT inhibits the autophagy induced by oxidative stress through the ROS-mediated AMPK-ULK1 pathway in breast cancer cells and may protect breast cancer cells against oxidative stress through autophagy suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xucheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiasha campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 368 Xiasha Road, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lukyanova EN, Kharitonov SL, Nyushko KM, Krasheninnikov AA, Pudova EA, Guvatova ZG, Alekseev BY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS. Bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis of locally advanced lymph node-positive prostate cancer. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2020; 17:1950003. [PMID: 30866732 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720019500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Patients with locally advanced PCa with metastases in regional lymph nodes are usually marked as a high-risk group. One of the chief concerns for this group is to make an informed decision about the necessity of conducting adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radical surgical treatment. During the oncogenic transformation and progression of the disease, the expression of many genes is altered. Some of these genes can serve as markers for diagnosis, predicting the prognosis or effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We undertook bioinformatic analysis of the RNA-seq data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium database to identify possible prognostic markers. We compared the groups with favorable and unfavorable prognosis for the cohort of patients with PCa showing lymph node metastasis (pT2N1M0, pT3N1M0, and pT4N1M0) and for the most common molecular type carrying the fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. For the entire cohort, we revealed at least six potential markers (IDO1, UGT2B15, IFNG, MUC6, CXCL11, and GBP1). Most of these genes are involved in the positive regulation of immune response. For the TMPRSS2-ERG subtype, we also identified six genes, the expression of which may be associated with prognosis: TOB1, GALNT7, INAFM1, APELA, RAC3, and NNMT. The identified genes, after additional studies and validation in the extended cohort, could serve as a prognostic marker of locally advanced lymph node-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N Lukyanova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey L Kharitonov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill M Nyushko
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Krasheninnikov
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Pudova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Snezhkina
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - George S Krasnov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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38
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Zhang Y, Pan N, Sheng Y, Zhou M, Wen Z, Chen Y, Huang F, Wang LX. Hypoxia enhances IL-10-producing B cell generation through upregulating high-mobility group B1 on tumor cell-released autophagosomes. Immunol Lett 2019; 216:36-42. [PMID: 31568811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As common features of human solid tumors, hypoxia and nutrient starvation play multifaceted roles in cancer progress. However, the mechanisms are far from clear. Our previous work has indicated that tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) are sufficient to suppress anti-tumor immune response in mouse by inducing IL-10-producing B cells through high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1). Here, we hypothesized that hypoxia or starvation might exert immunosuppressive effect through upregulating HMGB1 on TRAPs. We found that HMGB1 on TRAPs from human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 played a significant role in IL-10-producing B cell induction. HMGB1 in tumor cells was upregulated under hypoxia and starvation, but only hypoxia significantly enhanced the level of HMGB1 present on the surfaces of TRAPs. Moreover, hypoxic TRAPs induced more IL-10-producing B cells with suppressive activities on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The finding indicates the role of TRAPs as a messenger of hypoxic response to enhance immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
| | - Yemeng Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China; Health Science Center, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui Donglu, Xianyang, Shanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Zhifa Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China; Health Science Center, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui Donglu, Xianyang, Shanxi Province, 712082, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China; Health Science Center, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui Donglu, Xianyang, Shanxi Province, 712082, China.
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39
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Cell-intrinsic survival signals. The role of autophagy in metastatic dissemination and tumor cell dormancy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:28-40. [PMID: 31400500 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), which seed metastasis, can remain undetected in a dormant state for decades after treatment of the primary tumor and their persistence is the main cause of late relapse and death in a substantial proportion of cancer patients. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of dormant DTCs is of utmost importance to develop new therapies that effectively kill DTCs while in a quiescent state, therefore preventing metastatic disease and minimizing the chance of future relapses. Besides key interactions with the local microenvironment, dormant DTCs must integrate survival mechanisms to remain viable for long periods of time. Here, the pro-survival role of autophagy in tumor cell dissemination and dormant DTC maintenance are discussed, as well as the implications of the current knowledge for future research efforts.
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40
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Williams AC, Hill LJ. Nicotinamide and Demographic and Disease transitions: Moderation is Best. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919855940. [PMID: 31320805 PMCID: PMC6610439 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919855940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good health and rapid progress depend on an optimal dose of nicotinamide. Too little meat triggers the neurodegenerative condition pellagra and tolerance of symbionts such as tuberculosis (TB), risking dysbioses and impaired resistance to acute infections. Nicotinamide deficiency is an overlooked diagnosis in poor cereal-dependant economies masquerading as 'environmental enteropathy' or physical and cognitive stunting. Too much meat (and supplements) may precipitate immune intolerance and autoimmune and allergic disease, with relative infertility and longevity, via the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway. This switch favours a dearth of regulatory T (Treg) and an excess of T helper cells. High nicotinamide intake is implicated in cancer and Parkinson's disease. Pro-fertility genes, evolved to counteract high-nicotinamide-induced infertility, may now be risk factors for degenerative disease. Moderation of the dose of nicotinamide could prevent some common diseases and personalised doses at times of stress or, depending on genetic background or age, may treat some other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute
of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lin J, Xia L, Liang J, Han Y, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Rao S, Chen X, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:218. [PMID: 31122265 PMCID: PMC6533757 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which is vital to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. When the glucose metabolism of cancer is rewiring, the characters of cancer will also occur corresponding changes to regulate the chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer. The procedure is involved in the alteration of many activities, such as the aberrant DNA repairing, enhanced autophagy, oxygen-deficient environment, and increasing exosomes secretions, etc. Targeting altered metabolic pathways related with the glucose metabolism has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of glucose metabolism in chemo- and radio-resistance malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Yun CW, Lee SH. The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113466. [PMID: 30400561 PMCID: PMC6274804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy initiates the formation of autophagosomes that capture degraded components and then fuse with lysosomes to recycle these components. The modulation of autophagy plays dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion in many cancers. In addition, autophagy regulates the properties of cancer stem-cells by contributing to the maintenance of stemness, the induction of recurrence, and the development of resistance to anticancer reagents. Although some autophagy modulators, such as rapamycin and chloroquine, are used to regulate autophagy in anticancer therapy, since this process also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion, the precise mechanism of autophagy in cancer requires further study. In this review, we will summarize the mechanism of autophagy under stressful conditions and its roles in tumor suppression and promotion in cancer and in cancer stem-cells. Furthermore, we discuss how autophagy is a promising potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31538, Korea.
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