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Huang XY, Xue LL, Ma RF, Shi JS, Wang TH, Xiong LL, Yu CY. Inhibition of CXCR4: A perspective on miracle fruit seed for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114841. [PMID: 38821198 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, and its causes are currently diverse and not fully understood. In a previous study, we discovered that short-term treatment with miracle fruit seed (MFS) had a therapeutic effect on AD model mice, however, the precise mechanism behind the effect remains unclear. In this research, we aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of long-term use of MFS in AD model mice. A variety of cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the development of AD. Previous studies have validated a correlation between the expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and disease severity in AD. In this research, we observed an upregulation of CXCR4 expression in hippocampal tissues in the AD model group, which was then reversed after MFS treatment. Moreover, CXCR4 knockout led to improving cognitive function in AD model mice, and MFS showed the ability to regulate CXCR4 expression. Finally, our findings indicate that CXCR4 knockout and long-term MFS treatment produce comparable effects in treating AD model mice. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that therapeutic efficacy and safety of long-term use of MFS in AD model mice. MFS treatment and the subsequent reduction of CXCR4 expression exhibit a neuroprotective role in the brain, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Fang Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Lab of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Kim Y, Ryu SH, Hyun J, Cho YS, Jung YK. TLR2 immunotherapy suppresses neuroinflammation, tau spread, and memory loss in rTg4510 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00524-5. [PMID: 39098437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, chronic neuroinflammation is accompanied by amyloid and tau pathologies. Especially, aberrant microglial activation is known to precede the regional tau pathology development, but the mechanisms how microglia affect tau spread remain largely unknown. Here, we found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in microglia recognizes oligomeric tau as a pathogenic ligand and induces inflammatory responses. Knockout of TLR2 reduced tau pathology and microglial activation in rTg4510 tau transgenic mice. Treatment of oligomeric tau induced TLR2 activation and increased inflammatory responses in microglial cells. TLR2 further mediated the tau-induced microglial activation and promoted tau uptake into neurons in neuron-microglia co-culture system and in mouse hippocampus after intracranial tau injection. Importantly, treatment with anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody Tomaralimab blocked TLR2 activation and inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly reduced tau spread and memory loss in rTg4510 mice. These results suggest that TLR2 plays a crucial role in tau spread by causing aberrant microglial activation in response to pathological tau, and blocking TLR2 with immunotherapy may ameliorate tau pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shin-Hyeon Ryu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Malpetti M, Roemer SN, Harris S, Gross M, Gnörich J, Stephens A, Dewenter A, Steward A, Biel D, Dehsarvi A, Wagner F, Müller A, Koglin N, Weidinger E, Palleis C, Katzdobler S, Rupprecht R, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Levin J, Höglinger GU, Brendel M, Franzmeier N. Neuroinflammation Parallels 18F-PI-2620 Positron Emission Tomography Patterns in Primary 4-Repeat Tauopathies. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 39022835 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical, postmortem, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have pointed to neuroinflammation as a key pathophysiological hallmark in primary 4-repeat (4R) tauopathies and its role in accelerating disease progression. OBJECTIVE We tested whether microglial activation (1) progresses in similar spatial patterns as the primary pathology tau spreads across interconnected brain regions, and (2) whether the degree of microglial activation parallels tau pathology spreading. METHODS We examined in vivo associations between tau aggregation and microglial activation in 31 patients with clinically diagnosed 4R tauopathies, using 18F-PI-2620 PET and 18F-GE180 (translocator protein [TSPO]) PET. We determined tau epicenters, defined as subcortical brain regions with highest tau PET signal, and assessed the connectivity of tau epicenters to cortical regions of interest using a 3-T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging template derived from age-matched healthy elderly controls. RESULTS In 4R tauopathy patients, we found that higher regional tau PET covaries with elevated TSPO-PET across brain regions that are functionally connected to each other (β = 0.414, P < 0.001). Microglial activation follows similar distribution patterns as tau and distributes primarily across brain regions strongly connected to patient-specific tau epicenters (β = -0.594, P < 0.001). In these regions, microglial activation spatially parallels tau distribution detectable with 18F-PI-2620 PET. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the spatial expansion of microglial activation parallels tau distribution across brain regions that are functionally connected to each other, suggesting that tau and inflammation are closely interrelated in patients with 4R tauopathies. The combination of in vivo tau and inflammatory biomarkers could therefore support the development of immunomodulatory strategies for disease-modifying treatments in these conditions. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian N Roemer
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Harris
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattes Gross
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Gnörich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Steward
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Davina Biel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Dehsarvi
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Wagner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aging Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU Hospital, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Tang Q, Tan Y. Epigenetic Mechanism of SETD1B-mediated Histone Methylation in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Neonatal Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 545:1-15. [PMID: 38447691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev) anesthesia is associated with cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity. This study explores the epigenetic mechanism of SET domain containing 1B (SETD1B) in Sev-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice. Neonatal mice (C57BL/6, n = 72) were exposed to 3% Sev for 2 h per day at P6, 7, and 8, and the control neonatal mice were only separated from the mother for 2 h. The mice were divided into groups of 12 individuals, with an equal number of male and female mice in each group. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with adenovirus-packaged SETD1B overexpression vector. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze, open field test, T-maze, novel object recognition, etc.) were performed at P30. Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were cultured in vitro. SETD1B, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), Cleaved Caspase1, and GSDMD-N expressions in hippocampal tissues or cells were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. SETD1B and histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3) enrichment on the CXCR4 promoter was analyzed by ChIP. Sev insulted cognitive impairment and diminished SETD1B expression in mouse hippocampal tissues. SETD1B overexpression mitigated cognitive impairment, enhanced H3K4me3 levels in hippocampal tissues, and restrained hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis. SETD1B increased CXCR4 expression by elevating the H3K4me3 level on the CXCR4 promoter, thereby curbing NLRP1/Caspase1-mediated hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis. To conclude, SETD1B enhances CXCR4 expression by elevating the H3K4me3 level on the CXCR4 promoter, thereby suppressing NLRP1/Caspase1-triggered hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis and alleviating Sev-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Yujie Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Gao F. Research Progress of CXCR4-Targeting Radioligands for Oncologic Imaging. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:871-889. [PMID: 37634642 PMCID: PMC10462898 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays a key role in various physiological functions, such as immune processes and disease development, and can influence angiogenesis, proliferation, and distant metastasis in tumors. Recently, several radioligands, including peptides, small molecules, and nanoclusters, have been developed to target CXCR4 for diagnostic purposes, thereby providing new diagnostic strategies based on CXCR4. Herein, we focus on the recent research progress of CXCR4-targeting radioligands for tumor diagnosis. We discuss their application in the diagnosis of hematological tumors, such as lymphomas, multiple myelomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, and myeloproliferative tumors, as well as nonhematological tumors, including tumors of the esophagus, breast, and central nervous system. Additionally, we explored the theranostic applications of CXCR4-targeting radioligands in tumors. Targeting CXCR4 using nuclear medicine shows promise as a method for tumor diagnosis, and further research is warranted to enhance its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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6
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Song ZH, Song XJ, Yang CL, Cao P, Mao Y, Jin Y, Xu MY, Wang HT, Zhu X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Tao WJ. Up-regulation of microglial chemokine CXCL12 in anterior cingulate cortex mediates neuropathic pain in diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1337-1349. [PMID: 36697977 PMCID: PMC10310783 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients frequently experience neuropathic pain, which currently lacks effective treatments. The mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathic pain remain unclear. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is well-known to participate in the processing and transformation of pain information derived from internal and external sensory stimulation. Accumulating evidence shows that dysfunction of microglia in the central nervous system contributes to many diseases, including chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of microglial chemokine CXCL12 and its neuronal receptor CXCR4 in diabetic pain development in a mouse diabetic model established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Pain sensitization was assessed by the left hindpaw pain threshold in von Frey filament test. Iba1+ microglia in ACC was examined using combined immunohistochemistry and three-dimensional reconstruction. The activity of glutamatergic neurons in ACC (ACCGlu) was detected by whole-cell recording in ACC slices from STZ mice, in vivo multi-tetrode electrophysiological and fiber photometric recordings. We showed that microglia in ACC was significantly activated and microglial CXCL12 expression was up-regulated at the 7-th week post-injection, resulting in hyperactivity of ACCGlu and pain sensitization. Pharmacological inhibition of microglia or blockade of CXCR4 in ACC by infusing minocycline or AMD3100 significantly alleviated diabetic pain through preventing ACCGlu hyperactivity in STZ mice. In addition, inhibition of microglia by infusing minocycline markedly decreased STZ-induced upregulation of microglial CXCL12. Together, this study demonstrated that microglia-mediated ACCGlu hyperactivity drives the development of diabetic pain via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, thus revealing viable therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chen-Ling Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- College & Hospital of stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Meng-Yun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- College & Hospital of stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, China.
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7
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Tripathi R, Kumar P. Preliminary study to identify CXCR4 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Integr Biol (Camb) 2023; 15:zyad012. [PMID: 37635325 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are known to exhibit genetic overlap and shared pathophysiology. This study aims to find the shared genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), two major age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders. The gene expression profiles of GSE67333 (containing samples from AD patients) and GSE114517 (containing samples from PD patients) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) functional genomics database managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The web application GREIN (GEO RNA-seq Experiments Interactive Navigator) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 617 DEGs (239 upregulated and 379 downregulated) were identified from the GSE67333 dataset. Likewise, 723 DEGs (378 upregulated and 344 downregulated) were identified from the GSE114517 dataset. The protein-protein interaction networks of the DEGs were constructed, and the top 50 hub genes were identified from the network of the respective dataset. Of the four common hub genes between two datasets, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was selected due to its gene expression signature profile and the same direction of differential expression between the two datasets. Mavorixafor was chosen as the reference drug due to its known inhibitory activity against CXCR4 and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of 51 molecules having structural similarity with Mavorixafor was performed to find two novel molecules, ZINC49067615 and ZINC103242147. This preliminary study might help predict molecular targets and diagnostic markers for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Insight Box Our research substantiates the therapeutic relevance of CXCR4 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We would like to disclose the following insights about this study. We found common signatures between Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases at transcriptional levels by analyzing mRNA sequencing data. These signatures were used to identify putative therapeutic agents for these diseases through computational analysis. Thus, we proposed two novel compounds, ZINC49067615 and ZINC103242147, that were stable, showed a strong affinity with CXCR4, and exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties. The interaction of these compounds with major residues of CXCR4 has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
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8
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Ma J, Dong L, Chang Q, Chen S, Zheng J, Li D, Wu S, Yang H, Li X. CXCR4 knockout induces neuropathological changes in the MPTP-lesioned model of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166597. [PMID: 36368650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is highly expressed in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice's brains and is related to astrocyte signaling and microglial activation. This makes CXCR4 related to neuroinflammation and also makes CXCR4 considered to be the PD development mechanism and possible therapeutic targets. Therefore, it is worth studying the effect of CXCR4 on neuropathological changes and its potential therapeutic value for PD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CXCR4 knockout on neuropathological changes in the mouse model of PD and its mechanism. In this study, CXCR4-WT and CXCR4+/- C57BL mice were used to make Parkinson's model. Behavioral experiments, dopaminergic neuron markers, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier damage were detected to verify the effect of CXCR4 knockout on neuropathological changes. CXCR4 knockout improved the behavioral results and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mice. In the substantia nigra (SN) area of the brain of PD mouse model, the number of Iba1-positive (p = 0.0004) and GFAP-positive cells (p = 0.0349) was significantly lower in CXCR4 knockout group than CXCR4-WT group. CXCR4 knockout reduced MPTP-induced infiltration of peripheral immune cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CXCR4 knockout also protected blood-brain barrier (BBB) from MPTP-induced damage. In conclusion, CXCR4 knockout inhibits the degeneration of dopamine neurons, microglial and astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, and BBB damages in the MPTP-lesioned PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China.
| | - Linrui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Qingqing Chang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Shaopu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Hongqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
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9
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Lai Y, Lin P, Lin F, Chen M, Lin C, Lin X, Wu L, Zheng M, Chen J. Identification of immune microenvironment subtypes and signature genes for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and risk prediction based on explainable machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046410. [PMID: 36569892 PMCID: PMC9773397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using interpretable machine learning, we sought to define the immune microenvironment subtypes and distinctive genes in AD. Methods ssGSEA, LASSO regression, and WGCNA algorithms were used to evaluate immune state in AD patients. To predict the fate of AD and identify distinctive genes, six machine learning algorithms were developed. The output of machine learning models was interpreted using the SHAP and LIME algorithms. For external validation, four separate GEO databases were used. We estimated the subgroups of the immunological microenvironment using unsupervised clustering. Further research was done on the variations in immunological microenvironment, enhanced functions and pathways, and therapeutic medicines between these subtypes. Finally, the expression of characteristic genes was verified using the AlzData and pan-cancer databases and RT-PCR analysis. Results It was determined that AD is connected to changes in the immunological microenvironment. WGCNA revealed 31 potential immune genes, of which the greenyellow and blue modules were shown to be most associated with infiltrated immune cells. In the testing set, the XGBoost algorithm had the best performance with an AUC of 0.86 and a P-R value of 0.83. Following the screening of the testing set by machine learning algorithms and the verification of independent datasets, five genes (CXCR4, PPP3R1, HSP90AB1, CXCL10, and S100A12) that were closely associated with AD pathological biomarkers and allowed for the accurate prediction of AD progression were found to be immune microenvironment-related genes. The feature gene-based nomogram may provide clinical advantages to patients. Two immune microenvironment subgroups for AD patients were identified, subtype2 was linked to a metabolic phenotype, subtype1 belonged to the immune-active kind. MK-866 and arachidonyltrifluoromethane were identified as the top treatment agents for subtypes 1 and 2, respectively. These five distinguishing genes were found to be intimately linked to the development of the disease, according to the Alzdata database, pan-cancer research, and RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion The hub genes associated with the immune microenvironment that are most strongly associated with the progression of pathology in AD are CXCR4, PPP3R1, HSP90AB1, CXCL10, and S100A12. The hypothesized molecular subgroups might offer novel perceptions for individualized AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Lai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peiqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Manli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunjin Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mouwei Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Jianhao Chen, ; Mouwei Zheng,
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Jianhao Chen, ; Mouwei Zheng,
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10
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Hawes CE, Elizaldi SR, Beckman D, Diniz GB, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Ott S, Durbin-Johnson BP, Dinasarapu AR, Gompers A, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Neuroinflammatory transcriptional programs induced in rhesus pre-frontal cortex white matter during acute SHIV infection. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:250. [PMID: 36203187 PMCID: PMC9535930 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) is vital to resolve infection and injury. However, immune activation within the CNS in the setting of chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, is strongly linked to progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Establishment of HIV-1 in the CNS early following infection underscores the need to delineate features of acute CNS immune activation, as these early inflammatory events may mediate neurodegenerative processes. Here, we focused on elucidating molecular programs of neuroinflammation in brain regions based on vulnerability to neuroAIDS and/or neurocognitive decline. To this end, we assessed transcriptional profiles within the subcortical white matter of the pre-frontal cortex (PFCw), as well as synapse dense regions from hippocampus, superior temporal cortex, and caudate nucleus, in rhesus macaques following infection with Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV.C.CH505). Methods We performed RNA extraction and sequenced RNA isolated from 3 mm brain punches. Viral RNA was quantified in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid by RT-qPCR assays targeting SIV Gag. Neuroinflammation was assessed by flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA assays. Results RNA sequencing and flow cytometry data demonstrated immune surveillance of the rhesus CNS by innate and adaptive immune cells during homeostasis. Following SHIV infection, viral entry and integration within multiple brain regions demonstrated vulnerabilities of key cognitive and motor function brain regions to HIV-1 during the acute phase of infection. SHIV-induced transcriptional alterations were concentrated to the PFCw and STS with upregulation of gene expression pathways controlling innate and T-cell inflammatory responses. Within the PFCw, gene modules regulating microglial activation and T cell differentiation were induced at 28 days post-SHIV infection, with evidence for stimulation of immune effector programs characteristic of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, enrichment of pathways regulating mitochondrial respiratory capacity, synapse assembly, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress were observed. These acute neuroinflammatory features were substantiated by increased influx of activated T cells into the CNS. Conclusions Our data show pervasive immune surveillance of the rhesus CNS at homeostasis and reveal perturbations of important immune, neuronal, and synaptic pathways within key anatomic regions controlling cognition and motor function during acute HIV infection. These findings provide a valuable framework to understand early molecular features of HIV associated neurodegeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02610-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Giovanne B Diniz
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Blythe P Durbin-Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gompers
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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11
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Yan Y, Su J, Zhang Z. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Response Axis in Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic Target and Biomarker. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2147-2156. [PMID: 34117967 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, over the recent years mostly due to the rise in the number of elderly individuals. In addition, various neurodegenerative disorders are related to imbalances in the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 response axis. Notably, the CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) is essential for the development of the central nervous system. Moreover, the expression and distribution of CXCL12 and its receptors are associated with the aggravation or alleviation of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the current review sought to highlight the specific functions of CXCL12 and its receptors in various neurodegenerative disorders, in order to provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Su
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning Province, Jinzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gate D. New Perspectives on Immune Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S5-S11. [PMID: 35811535 PMCID: PMC9535554 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates immune dysfunction in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). For instance, impaired cellular and humoral immune responses are emerging as established pathological hallmarks in PD. Further, in experimental models of PD, inflammatory cell activation and immune dysregulation are evident. Genetic and epidemiologic studies have drawn associations between autoimmune disease and PD. Distillation of these various lines of evidence indicates dysregulated immunogenetics as a primary risk factor for PD. This article will present novel perspectives on the association between genetic risk factors and immune processes in PD. The objective of this work is to synthesize the data surrounding the role of immunogenetics in PD to maximize the potential of targeting the immune system as a therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gate
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Tan LJ, Yu Y, Fang ZH, Zhang JL, Huang HL, Liu HJ. Potential Molecular Mechanism of Guishao Pingchan Recipe in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential mechanism of Guishao Pingchan Recipe (GPR) against Parkinson's disease (PD) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The main components of GPR were collected based on TCMSP database, Batman-TCM database, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Literatures. The potential therapeutic targets of PD were predicted by Drug Bank Database and Gene Cards database. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct herb–component–target network. Then, String database was used to construct a PPI network, and DAVID database was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation of targets function. Core components of GPR and hub targets were imported into AutoDock Vina for molecular docking verification and results were visualized by Pymol. Results: 13 candidate components were selected and 288 corresponding targets of GPR for treating PD were obtained. The GO enrichment analysis mainly involved 135 cell components, 187 molecular functions, and 1753 biological processes. Moreover, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved 200 signaling pathways. Molecular docking simulation indicated a good binding ability of components and targets. Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, we found that sitosterol, 4-Cholesten-3-one and stigmasterol in GPR could combine with MAPK3, APP, VEGFA, and CXCR4 and involved in the cAMP, PI3K/Akt, Rap1 signaling pathways. It is suggested that GPR may have therapeutic effects on PD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway and predict the relevant mechanism of the anti-PD effect of GPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- In Station Post-doctorate, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ze-Hai Fang
- School of Nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, China
| | - Jiong-Lu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Liang Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Chen L, Wang Y, Huang J, Hu B, Huang W. Identification of Immune-Related Hub Genes in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:914645. [PMID: 35938039 PMCID: PMC9353688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, age-related, and progressive neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence indicates that immune dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenic process of PD. The objective of this study was to explore potential immune-related hub genes and immune infiltration patterns of PD. Method: The microarray expression data of human postmortem substantia nigra samples were downloaded from GSE7621, GSE20141, and GSE49036. Key module genes were screened via weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and immune-related genes were intersected to obtain immune-key genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on immune-key genes of PD. In addition to, immune infiltration analysis was applied by a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to detect differential immune cell types in the substantia nigra between PD samples and control samples. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was performed to further identify immune-related hub genes for PD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the immune-related hub genes was used to differentiate PD patients from healthy controls. Correlations between immune-related hub genes and differential immune cell types were assessed. Result: Our findings identified four hub genes (SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4) and seven immune cell types (neutrophils, T follicular helper cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, type 1 helper cells, immature B cells, immature dendritic cells, and CD56 bright natural killer cells). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the four-gene-combined model was 0.92. The AUC values of each immune-related hub gene (SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4) were 0.81, 0.78, 0.78, and 0.76, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, SLC18A2, L1CAM, S100A12, and CXCR4 were identified as being associated with the pathogenesis of PD and should be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang,
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15
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Genetics of progressive supranuclear palsy in a Chinese population. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105819. [PMID: 35842134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics plays an important role in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and remains poorly understood. A detailed literature search identified 19 PSP-associated genes: MAPT, LRRK2, LRP10, DCTN1, GRN, NPC1, PARK, TARDBP, TBK1, BSN, GBA, STX6, EIF2AK3, MOBP, DUSP10, SLCO1A2, RUNX2, CXCR4, and APOE. To date, genetic studies on PSP have focused on Caucasian population. The gaps in PSP genetic study on East Asian populations need to be filled. METHODS Exon and flanking regions of the PSP-associated genes were sequenced in 104 patients with PSP and 488 healthy controls. Common variant-based association analysis and gene-based association tests of rare variants were performed using PLINK 1.9 and the sequence kernel association test-optimal, respectively. Additionally, the association of APOE and MAPT genotypes with PSP was evaluated. The above association analyses were repeated among probable PSP patients. Finally, PLINK 1.9 was used to test variants associated with the onset age of PSP. RESULTS A rare non-pathogenic variant of MAPT (c.425C > T,p.A142V) was detected in a PSP patient. No common variants were significantly associated with PSP. In both the rare-variant and the rare-damaging-variant groups, the combined effect for GBA reached statistical significance (p = 1.43 × 10-3, p = 4.98 × 10-4). The result between APOE, MAPT genotypes and PSP risk were inconsistent across all PSP group and probably PSP group. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic variant in MAPT were uncommon in PSP patients. Moreover, GBA gene was likely to increase the risk of PSP, and GBA-associated diseases were beyond α-synucleinopathies. The association between APOE, MAPT and PSP is still unclear among the non-Caucasian population.
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16
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Role of Chemokines in the Development and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1929-1951. [PMID: 35821178 PMCID: PMC9392685 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurogenerative disorder manifested by gradual memory loss and cognitive decline due to profound damage of cholinergic neurons. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are intracellular deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ). Mounting evidence indicates that intensified neuroinflammatory processes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Chemokines serve as signaling molecules in immune cells but also in nerve cells. Under normal conditions, neuroinflammation plays a neuroprotective role against various harmful factors. However, overexpression of chemokines initiates disruption of the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, facilitating immune cells infiltration into the brain. Then activated adjacent glial cells–astrocytes and microglia, release massive amounts of chemokines. Prolonged inflammation loses its protective role and drives an increase in Aβ production and aggregation, impairment of its clearance, or enhancement of tau hyperphosphorylation, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbation of AD. Moreover, chemokines can be further released in response to growing deposits of toxic forms of Aβ. On the other hand, chemokines seem to exert multidimensional effects on brain functioning, including regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in regions responsible for memory and cognitive abilities. Therefore, underexpression or complete genetic ablation of some chemokines can worsen the course of AD. This review covers the current state of knowledge on the role of particular chemokines and their receptors in the development and progression of AD. Special emphasis is given to their impact on forming Aβ and NFTs in humans and in transgenic murine models of AD.
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17
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Miedema SSM, Mol MO, Koopmans FTW, Hondius DC, van Nierop P, Menden K, de Veij Mestdagh CF, van Rooij J, Ganz AB, Paliukhovich I, Melhem S, Li KW, Holstege H, Rizzu P, van Kesteren RE, van Swieten JC, Heutink P, Smit AB. Distinct cell type-specific protein signatures in GRN and MAPT genetic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35799292 PMCID: PMC9261008 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by progressive atrophy of frontal and/or temporal cortices at an early age of onset. The disorder shows considerable clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity. Here we investigated the proteomic signatures of frontal and temporal cortex from brains with frontotemporal dementia due to GRN and MAPT mutations to identify the key cell types and molecular pathways in their pathophysiology. We compared patients with mutations in the GRN gene (n = 9) or with mutations in the MAPT gene (n = 13) with non-demented controls (n = 11). Using quantitative proteomic analysis on laser-dissected tissues we identified brain region-specific protein signatures for both genetic subtypes. Using published single cell RNA expression data resources we deduced the involvement of major brain cell types in driving these different protein signatures. Subsequent gene ontology analysis identified distinct genetic subtype- and cell type-specific biological processes. For the GRN subtype, we observed a distinct role for immune processes related to endothelial cells and for mitochondrial dysregulation in neurons. For the MAPT subtype, we observed distinct involvement of dysregulated RNA processing, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and axonal impairments. Comparison with an in-house protein signature of Alzheimer’s disease brains indicated that the observed alterations in RNA processing and oligodendrocyte function are distinct for the frontotemporal dementia MAPT subtype. Taken together, our results indicate the involvement of different brain cell types and biological mechanisms in genetic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that comparison of proteomic profiles of different disease entities can separate general neurodegenerative processes from disease-specific pathways, which may aid the development of disease subtype-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne S M Miedema
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel O Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank T W Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C Hondius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Menden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina F de Veij Mestdagh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Ganz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shamiram Melhem
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Gallo D, Ruiz A, Sánchez-Juan P. Genetic architecture of primary tauopathies. Neuroscience 2022; 518:27-37. [PMID: 35609758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary Tauopathies are a group of diseases defined by the accumulation of Tau, in which the alteration of this protein is the primary driver of the neurodegenerative process. In addition to the classical syndromes (Pick's disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and argyrophilic grain disease (AGD)), new entities, like primary age-related Tauopathy (PART), have been recently described. Except for the classical Richardson's syndrome phenotype in PSP, the correlation between the clinical picture of the primary Tauopathies and underlying pathology is poor. This fact has challenged genetic studies. However, thanks to multicenter collaborations, several genome-wide association studies are helping us unravel the genetic structure of these diseases. The most relevant risk factor revealed by these studies is the Tau gene (MAPT), which, in addition to mutations causing rare familial forms, plays a fundamental role in sporadic cases of PSP and CBD in which there is a strong predominance of the H1 and H1c haplotypes. But outside of MAPT, several other genes have been robustly associated with PSP. These findings, pointing towards multifactorial causation, imply the participation of several pathways involving the myelin sheath integrity, the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, microglia, intracellular vesicle trafficking, or the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Additionally, GWAS show a high degree of genetic overlap across different Tauopathies. This is especially salient between PSP and CBD, but also GWAS studying the recently described PART phenotype shows genetic overlap with genes that promote Tau pathology and with others associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Ma K, Hasturk H, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Veeravalli J, Huang J, Kantarci A, Wei J. Dementia and the Risk of Periodontitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Dent Res 2022; 101:270-277. [PMID: 34643147 PMCID: PMC8982009 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211037220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are proposed to be comorbid with periodontitis (PD). It is unclear whether PD is associated with dementia and AD independent of confounding factors. We aimed at identifying the relationship between the longitudinal risk of developing PD in a cohort of patients with dementia and AD who did not show any signs of PD at baseline. In this retrospective cohort study, 8,640 patients with dementia without prior PD were recruited, and 8,640 individuals without dementia history were selected as propensity score-matched controls. A Cox proportional hazard model was developed to estimate the risk of developing PD over 10 y. Cumulative probability was derived to assess the time-dependent effect of dementia on PD. Of the 8,640 patients, a sensitivity test was conducted on 606 patients with AD-associated dementia and 606 non-AD propensity score-matched controls to identify the impact of AD-associated dementia on the risk for PD. Subgroup analyses on age stratification were included. Overall 2,670 patients with dementia developed PD. The relative risk of PD in these patients was significantly higher than in the nondementia group (1.825, 95% CI = 1.715 to 1.942). Cox proportional hazard models showed that patients with dementia were more likely to have PD than individuals without dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.915, 95% CI = 1.766 to 2.077, P < 0.0001, log-rank test P < 0.0001). The risk of PD in patients with dementia was age dependent (P values for all ages <0.0001); younger patients with dementia were more likely to develop PD. The findings persisted for patients with AD: the relative risk (1.531, 95% CI = 1.209 to 1.939) and adjusted hazard ratio (1.667, 95% CI = 1.244 to 2.232; log-rank test P = 0.0004) of PD in patients with AD were significantly higher than the non-AD cohort. Our findings demonstrated that dementia and AD were associated with a higher risk of PD dependent of age and independent of systemic confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.S. Ma
- Center for Global Health, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Institute of Biomedical
Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei,Department of Life Science, National
Taiwan University, Taipei,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan
Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | | | - I. Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA
Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, School of
Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA
Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, School of
Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J.J. Veeravalli
- Department of Life Science, National
Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - J.Y. Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, Taichung
| | - A. Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA,
USA,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard
University, Boston, MA, USA,A. Kantarci, Forsyth Institute, 245 First
Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - J.C. Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, Taichung,Division of Allergy, Immunology and
Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Integrated
Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,J.C. Wei, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung
City 40201, Taiwan.
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20
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O’Hara E, Herbst A, Kommadath A, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Goodarzi N, Skinner P, Stothard P. Neural transcriptomic signature of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:69. [PMID: 35062879 PMCID: PMC8783489 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence and expanding geographical range of the chronic wasting disease (CWD) panzootic in cervids is threatening human, animal, environmental and economic health. The pathogenesis of CWD in cervids is, however, not well understood. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the brain transcriptome from white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) clinically affected with CWD (n = 3) to WTD that tested negative (n = 8) for CWD. In addition, one preclinical CWD+ brain sample was analyzed by RNA-seq. Results We found 255 genes that were significantly deregulated by CWD, 197 of which were upregulated. There was a high degree of overlap in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified when using either/both the reference genome assembly of WTD for mapping sequenced reads to or the better characterized genome assembly of a closely related model species, Bos taurus. Quantitative PCR of a subset of the DEGs confirmed the RNA-seq data. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis found a majority of genes involved in immune activation, consistent with the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of prion diseases. A metagenomic analysis of the RNA-seq data was conducted to look for the presence of spiroplasma and other bacteria in CWD infected deer brain tissue. Conclusions The gene expression changes identified highlight the role of innate immunity in prion infection, potential disease associated biomarkers and potential targets for therapeutic agents. An association between CWD and spiroplasma infection was not found. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08306-0.
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21
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Guo L, Zhong MB, Zhang L, Zhang B, Cai D. Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From the Multiomics Landscape. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:61-71. [PMID: 33896621 PMCID: PMC8996342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has complex etiologies, and the impact of sex on AD varies over the course of disease development. The literature provides some evidence of sex-specific contributions to AD. However, molecular mechanisms of sex-biased differences in AD remain elusive. Multiomics data in tandem with systems biology approaches offer a new avenue to dissect sex-stratified molecular mechanisms of AD and to develop sex-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD. Single-cell transcriptomic datasets and cell deconvolution of bulk tissue transcriptomic data provide additional insights into brain cell type-specific impact on sex-biased differences in AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of sex chromosomes and sex hormones on AD, the impact of sex-biased differences during AD development, and the interplay between sex and a major AD genetic risk factor, the APOE ε4 genotype, through the multiomics landscape. Several sex-biased molecular pathways such as neuroinflammation and bioenergetic metabolism have been identified. The importance of sex chromosome and sex hormones, as well as the associated pathways in AD pathogenesis, is further strengthened by findings from omics studies. Future research efforts should integrate the multiomics data from different brain regions and different cell types using systems biology approaches, and leverage the knowledge into a holistic examination of sex differences in AD. Advances in systems biology technologies and increasingly available large-scale multiomics datasets will facilitate future studies dissecting such complex signaling mechanisms to better understand AD pathogenesis in both sexes, with the ultimate goals of developing efficacious sex- and APOE-stratified preventive and therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Margaret B Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Larry Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Research and Development Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Research and Development Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
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22
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Tiklová K, Gillberg L, Volakakis N, Lundén-Miguel H, Dahl L, Serrano GE, Adler CH, Beach TG, Perlmann T. Disease Duration Influences Gene Expression in Neuromelanin-Positive Cells From Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:763777. [PMID: 34867188 PMCID: PMC8632647 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.763777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of gene expression in cells affected by neurodegenerative disease can provide important insights into disease mechanisms and relevant stress response pathways. Major symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the degeneration of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons within the substantia nigra. Here we isolated neuromelanin-positive dopamine neurons by laser capture microdissection from post-mortem human substantia nigra samples recovered at both early and advanced stages of PD. Neuromelanin-positive cells were also isolated from individuals with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) and from aged-matched controls. Isolated mDA neurons were subjected to genome-wide gene expression analysis by mRNA sequencing. The analysis identified hundreds of dysregulated genes in PD. Results showed that mostly non-overlapping genes were differentially expressed in ILBD, subjects who were early after diagnosis (less than five years) and those autopsied at more advanced stages of disease (over five years since diagnosis). The identity of differentially expressed genes suggested that more resilient, stably surviving DA neurons were enriched in samples from advanced stages of disease, either as a consequence of positive selection of a less vulnerable long-term surviving mDA neuron subtype or due to up-regulation of neuroprotective gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Tiklová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lina Dahl
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Doroszkiewicz J, Mroczko P, Kulczyńska-Przybik A. Inflammation in the CNS - understanding various aspects of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 19:16-31. [PMID: 34856902 PMCID: PMC9127729 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666211202143935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disorder, and one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Current, insufficiently sensitive and specific methods of early diagnosis and monitoring of this disease prompt a search for new tools. Numerous literature data indicate that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not limited to the neuronal compartment, but involves various immunological mechanisms. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a very important process in AD pathology. It seems to play pleiotropic roles, both neuroprotective as well as neurodegenerative, in the development of cognitive impairment depending on the stage of the disease. Mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammatory proteins could be considered biomarkers of disease progression. Therefore, the present review summarizes the role of some inflammatory molecules and their potential utility in the detection and monitoring of dementia severity. The paper also provides a valuable insight into new mechanisms leading to the development of dementia, which might be useful in discovering possible anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok. Poland
| | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, Bialystok. Poland
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24
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Stamelou M, Respondek G, Giagkou N, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Evolving concepts in progressive supranuclear palsy and other 4-repeat tauopathies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:601-620. [PMID: 34426686 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are classified according to whether tau deposits predominantly contain tau isoforms with three or four repeats of the microtubule-binding domain. Those in which four-repeat (4R) tau predominates are known as 4R-tauopathies, and include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, globular glial tauopathies and conditions associated with specific MAPT mutations. In these diseases, 4R-tau deposits are found in various cell types and anatomical regions of the brain and the conditions share pathological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Despite being considered 'prototype' tauopathies and, therefore, ideal for studying neuroprotective agents, 4R-tauopathies are still severe and untreatable diseases for which no validated biomarkers exist. However, advances in research have addressed the issues of phenotypic overlap, early clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and identification of biomarkers, setting a road map towards development of treatments. New clinical criteria have been developed and large cohorts with early disease are being followed up in prospective studies. New clinical trial readouts are emerging and biomarker research is focused on molecular pathways that have been identified. Lessons learned from failed trials of neuroprotective drugs are being used to design new trials. In this Review, we present an overview of the latest research in 4R-tauopathies, with a focus on progressive supranuclear palsy, and discuss how current evidence dictates ongoing and future research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece. .,European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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25
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Ammal Kaidery N, Ahuja M, Sharma SM, Thomas B. An Emerging Role of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Perspectives on miR146a. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:580-594. [PMID: 33403895 PMCID: PMC8388248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Advancements in and access to health care have led to unprecedented improvements in the quality of life and increased lifespan of human beings in the past century. However, aging is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Hence, improved life expectancy has led to an increased incidence of NDs. Despite intense research, effective treatments for NDs remain elusive. The future of neurotherapeutics development depends on effective disease modification strategies centered on carefully scrutinized targets. Recent Advances: As a promising new direction, recent evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic processes modify diverse biochemical pathways, including those related to NDs. Small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are components of the epigenetic system that alter the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Critical Issues: miRNAs are expressed abundantly in the central nervous system and are critical for the normal functioning and survival of neurons. Here, we review recent advances in elucidating miRNAs' roles in NDs and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets. In particular, neuroinflammation is a major pathological hallmark of NDs and miR146a is a crucial regulator of inflammation. Future Directions: Finally, we explore the possibilities of developing miR146a as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target where additional research may help facilitate the detection and amelioration of neuroinflammation in NDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 580-594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sudarshana M Sharma
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, and Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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26
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Harms M, Habib MM, Nemska S, Nicolò A, Gilg A, Preising N, Sokkar P, Carmignani S, Raasholm M, Weidinger G, Kizilsavas G, Wagner M, Ständker L, Abadi AH, Jumaa H, Kirchhoff F, Frossard N, Sanchez-Garcia E, Münch J. An optimized derivative of an endogenous CXCR4 antagonist prevents atopic dermatitis and airway inflammation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2694-2708. [PMID: 34589390 PMCID: PMC8463264 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling is involved in many pathophysiological processes such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. A natural fragment of serum albumin, named EPI-X4, has previously been identified as endogenous peptide antagonist and inverse agonist of CXCR4 and is a promising compound for the development of improved analogues for the therapy of CXCR4-associated diseases. To generate optimized EPI-X4 derivatives we here performed molecular docking analysis to identify key interaction motifs of EPI-X4/CXCR4. Subsequent rational drug design allowed to increase the anti-CXCR4 activity of EPI-X4. The EPI-X4 derivative JM#21 bound CXCR4 and suppressed CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection more efficiently than the clinically approved small molecule CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. EPI-X4 JM#21 did not exert toxic effects in zebrafish embryos and suppressed allergen-induced infiltration of eosinophils and other immune cells into the airways of animals in an asthma mouse model. Moreover, topical administration of the optimized EPI-X4 derivative efficiently prevented inflammation of the skin in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Thus, rationally designed EPI-X4 JM#21 is a novel potent antagonist of CXCR4 and the first CXCR4 inhibitor with therapeutic efficacy in atopic dermatitis. Further clinical development of this new class of CXCR4 antagonists for the therapy of atopic dermatitis, asthma and other CXCR4-associated diseases is highly warranted.
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27
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Hartnell IJ, Blum D, Nicoll JAR, Dorothee G, Boche D. Glial cells and adaptive immunity in frontotemporal dementia with tau pathology. Brain 2021; 144:724-745. [PMID: 33527991 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the aetiology of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease. Whether neuroinflammation also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia is less well known. Frontotemporal dementia is a heterogeneous classification that covers many subtypes, with the main pathology known as frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The disease can be categorized with respect to the identity of the protein that causes the frontotemporal lobar degeneration in the brain. The most common subgroup describes diseases caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with tau aggregation, also known as primary tauopathies. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may play a role in primary tauopathies with genome-wide association studies finding enrichment of genetic variants associated with specific inflammation-related gene loci. These loci are related to both the innate immune system, including brain resident microglia, and the adaptive immune system through possible peripheral T-cell involvement. This review discusses the genetic evidence and relates it to findings in animal models expressing pathogenic tau as well as to post-mortem and PET studies in human disease. Across experimental paradigms, there seems to be a consensus regarding the involvement of innate immunity in primary tauopathies, with increased microglia and astrocyte density and/or activation, as well as increases in pro-inflammatory markers. Whilst it is less clear as to whether inflammation precedes tau aggregation or vice versa; there is strong evidence to support a microglial contribution to the propagation of hyperphosphorylated in tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with tau aggregation. Experimental evidence-albeit limited-also corroborates genetic data pointing to the involvement of cellular adaptive immunity in primary tauopathies. However, it is still unclear whether brain recruitment of peripheral immune cells is an aberrant result of pathological changes or a physiological aspect of the neuroinflammatory response to the tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J Hartnell
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Guillaume Dorothee
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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28
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Malpetti M, Passamonti L, Jones PS, Street D, Rittman T, Fryer TD, Hong YT, Vàsquez Rodriguez P, Bevan-Jones WR, Aigbirhio FI, O'Brien JT, Rowe JB. Neuroinflammation predicts disease progression in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:769-775. [PMID: 33731439 PMCID: PMC7611006 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to tau pathology and neuronal loss, neuroinflammation occurs in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the prognostic value of the in vivo imaging markers for these processes in PSP remains unclear. We test the primary hypothesis that baseline in vivo imaging assessment of neuroinflammation in subcortical regions predicts clinical progression in patients with PSP. METHODS Seventeen patients with PSP-Richardson's syndrome underwent a baseline multimodal imaging assessment, including [11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) to index microglial activation, [18F]AV-1451 PET for tau pathology and structural MRI. Disease severity was measured at baseline and serially up to 4 years with the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) (average interval of 5 months). Regional grey-matter volumes and PET ligand binding potentials were summarised by three principal component analyses (PCAs). A linear mixed-effects model was applied to the longitudinal PSPRS scores. Single-modality imaging predictors were regressed against the individuals' estimated rate of progression to identify the prognostic value of baseline imaging markers. RESULTS PCA components reflecting neuroinflammation and tau burden in the brainstem and cerebellum correlated with the subsequent annual rate of change in the PSPRS. PCA-derived PET markers of neuroinflammation and tau pathology correlated with regional brain volume in the same regions. However, MRI volumes alone did not predict the rate of clinical progression. CONCLUSIONS Molecular imaging with PET for microglial activation and tau pathology can predict clinical progression in PSP. These data encourage the evaluation of immunomodulatory approaches to disease-modifying therapies in PSP and the potential for PET to stratify patients in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan Street
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Vàsquez Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James Benedict Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Gavriel Y, Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Ezra A, Barbiro B, Solomon B. Subcutaneous Administration of AMD3100 into Mice Models of Alzheimer's Disease Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment, Reduced Neuroinflammation, and Improved Pathophysiological Markers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:653-671. [PMID: 33016905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevalent dementia in the elderly, involves many related and interdependent pathologies that manifest simultaneously, leading to cognitive impairment and death. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain triggers the onset of AD, accompanied by neuroinflammatory response and pathological changes. The CXCR4/CXCL12 (SDF1) axis is one of the major signal transduction cascades involved in the inflammation process and regulation of homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the bone marrow niche. Inhibition of the axis with AMD3100, a reversible antagonist of CXCR4 mobilizes endogenous HSCs from the bone marrow into the periphery, facilitating the recruitment of bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells into the brain, attenuates the neuroinflammation process that involves release of excitotoxic markers such as TNFα, intracellular Ca2 +, and glutamate and upregulates monocarboxylate transporter 1, the major L-lactate transporter in the brain. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigate if administration of a combination of AMD3100 and L-lactate may have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD. METHODS We tested the feasibility of the combined treatment for short- and long-term efficacy for inducing endogenous stem cells' mobilization and attenuation of neuroinflammation in two distinct amyloid-β-induced AD mouse models. RESULTS The combined treatment did not demonstrate any adverse effects on the mice, and resulted in a significant improvement in cognitive/memory functions, attenuated neuroinflammation, and alleviated AD pathologies compared to each treatment alone. CONCLUSION This study showed AMD3100's beneficial effect in ameliorating AD pathogenesis, suggesting an alternative to the multistep procedures of transplantation of stem cells in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Gavriel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Ezra
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Becki Barbiro
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Beka Solomon
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Swarup V, Chang TS, Duong DM, Dammer EB, Dai J, Lah JJ, Johnson ECB, Seyfried NT, Levey AI, Geschwind DH. Identification of Conserved Proteomic Networks in Neurodegenerative Dementia. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107807. [PMID: 32579933 PMCID: PMC8221021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Data-driven analyses are increasingly valued in modern medicine. We integrate quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics from over 1,000 post-mortem brains from six cohorts representing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), asymptomatic AD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and control patients from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership – Alzheimer’s Disease consortium. We define robust co-expression trajectories related to disease progression, including early neuronal, microglial, astrocyte, and immune response modules, and later mRNA splicing and mitochondrial modules. The majority of, but not all, modules are conserved at the transcriptomic level, including module C3, which is only observed in proteome networks and enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Genetic risk enriches in modules changing early in disease and indicates that AD and PSP have distinct causal biological drivers at the pathway level, despite aspects of similar pathology, including synaptic loss and glial inflammatory changes. The conserved, high-confidence proteomic changes enriched in genetic risk represent targets for drug discovery. Swarup et al. use a multi-omic, multi-cohort approach to identify robust early and late proteomic changes in AD and other neurodegenerative dementias and find that genetic risk is differentially enriched across disorders. Shared co-expression modules showing consistent molecular alterations at multi-omic levels are ripe for future investigation as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Swarup
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jingting Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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31
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Cadima-Couto I, Tauzin A, Freire JM, Figueira TN, Silva RDM, Pérez-Peinado C, Cunha-Santos C, Bártolo I, Taveira N, Gano L, Correia JDG, Goncalves J, Mammano F, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Veiga AS. Anti-HIV-1 Activity of pepRF1, a Proteolysis-Resistant CXCR4 Antagonist Derived from Dengue Virus Capsid Protein. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:6-22. [PMID: 33319557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the development of new anti-HIV drugs that can complement existing medicines to be used against resistant strains. Here, we report the anti-HIV-1 peptide pepRF1, a human serum-resistant peptide derived from the Dengue virus capsid protein. In vitro, pepRF1 shows a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.5 nM with a potential therapeutic window higher than 53 000. This peptide is specific for CXCR4-tropic strains, preventing viral entry into target cells by binding to the viral coreceptor CXCR4, acting as an antagonist of this receptor. pepRF1 is more effective than T20, the only peptide-based HIV-1 entry inhibitor approved, and excels in inhibiting a HIV-1 strain resistant to T20. Potentially, pepRF1 can be used alone or in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. Furthermore, one can also envisage its use as a novel therapeutic strategy for other CXCR4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - João M. Freire
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago N. Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben D. M. Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catarina Cunha-Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Bártolo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Mammano
- INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Construction of Long Noncoding RNA-Associated ceRNA Networks Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:169-183. [PMID: 34024830 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that seriously impairs both cognitive and memory functions mainly in the elderly, and its incidence increases with age. Recent studies demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in AD by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to construct lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory networks composed of potential biomarkers in AD based on the ceRNA hypothesis. METHODS A total of 20 genes (10 upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes) were identified as the hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis showed that the most significant pathways of DEGs involved include retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, synaptic vesicle circle, and AD. The upregulated hub genes were mainly enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, whereas downregulated hub genes were involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. After convergent functional genomic (CFG) ranks and expression level analysis in different brain regions of hub genes, we found that CXCR4, GFAP, and GNG3 were significantly correlated with AD. We further identified crucial miRNAs and lncRNAs of targeted genes to construct lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory networks. RESULTS The results showed that two lncRNAs (NEAT1, MIAT), three miRNAs (hsa-miR-551a, hsa-miR-133b and hsa-miR-206), and two mRNA (CXCR4 and GNG3), which are highly related to AD, were preliminarily identified as potential AD biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying AD, which may potentially contribute to the ceRNA mechanism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Kręcisz P, Czarnecka K, Królicki L, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Szymański P. Radiolabeled Peptides and Antibodies in Medicine. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:25-42. [PMID: 33325685 PMCID: PMC7872318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Radiolabeled peptides
are a relatively new, very specific radiotracer
group, which is still expanding. This group is very diverse in terms
of peptide size. It contains very small structures containing several
amino acids and whole antibodies. Moreover, radiolabeled peptides
are diverse in terms of the binding aim and therapeutic or diagnostic
applications. The majority of this class of radiotracers is utilized
in oncology, where the same structure can be used in therapy and diagnostic
imaging by varying the radionuclide. In this study, we collected new
reports of radiolabeled peptide applications in diagnosis and therapy
in oncology and other fields of medicine. Radiolabeled peptides are
also increasingly being used in rheumatology, cardiac imaging, or
neurology. The studies collected in this review concern new therapeutic
and diagnostic procedures in humans and new structures tested on animals.
We also performed an analysis of clinical trials, which concerns application
of radiolabeled peptides and antibodies that were reported in the
clinicaltrials.gov database between 2008 and 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kręcisz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Czarnecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Leszek Królicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1 a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Astrocytes In Vitro Reveals Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Modulation of Metabolism, and Dysregulation of the Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218028. [PMID: 33126586 PMCID: PMC7672558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and can both directly and indirectly impact on neuronal function through modulation of glial function. Astrocytes play a key role in regulating homeostasis within the central nervous system, and mediate hypoxia-induced changes in response to reduced oxygen availability. The current study performed a detailed characterization of hypoxia-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of astrocytes in vitro. Human astrocytes were cultured under normoxic (5% CO2, 95% air) or hypoxic conditions (1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N2) for 24 h, and the gene expression profile assessed by microarray analysis. In response to hypoxia 4904 genes were significantly differentially expressed (1306 upregulated and 3598 downregulated, FC ≥ 2 and p ≤ 0.05). Analysis of the significant differentially expressed transcripts identified an increase in immune response pathways, and dysregulation of signalling pathways, including HIF-1 (p = 0.002), and metabolism, including glycolysis (p = 0.006). To assess whether the hypoxia-induced metabolic gene changes observed affected metabolism at a functional level, both the glycolytic and mitochondrial flux were measured using an XF bioanalyser. In support of the transcriptomic data, under physiological conditions hypoxia significantly reduced mitochondrial respiratory flux (p = 0.0001) but increased basal glycolytic flux (p = 0.0313). However, when metabolically stressed, hypoxia reduced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (p = 0.0485) and both glycolytic capacity (p = 0.0001) and glycolytic reserve (p < 0.0001). In summary, the current findings detail hypoxia-induced changes in the astrocyte transcriptome in vitro, identifying potential targets for modifying the astrocyte response to reduced oxygen availability in pathological conditions associated with ischaemia/hypoxia, including manipulation of mitochondrial function, metabolism, and the immune response.
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Alster P, Madetko N, Koziorowski D, Friedman A. Microglial Activation and Inflammation as a Factor in the Pathogenesis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:893. [PMID: 32982676 PMCID: PMC7492584 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease based on four-repeat tauopathy pathology. Currently, this entity is not fully recognized in the context of pathogenesis or clinical examination. This review evaluates the association between neuroinflammation and microglial activation with the induction of pathological cascades that result in tauopathy pathology and the clinical manifestation of PSP. Multidimensional analysis was performed by evaluating genetic, biochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers to determine whether neurodegeneration as an effect of neuroinflammation or neuroinflammation is a consequence of neurodegeneration in PSP. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to investigate PSP in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Miao G, Zhao X, Wang B, Zhang L, Wang G, Zheng N, Liu J, Xu Z, Zhang L. TLR2/CXCR4 coassociation facilitatesChlamydia pneumoniaeinfection-induced atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1420-H1435. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00011.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have both been shown to be involved in atherosclerosis. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of TLR2/CXCR4 coassociation during C. pneumoniae infection-induced atherosclerosis. Amazingly, blocking of both TLR2 and CXCR4 significantly retards and even almost reverses this infection-induced atherosclerosis. Our work reveals new mechanisms about C. pneumoniae infection-induced atherosclerosis and identifies potential new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Caputo V, Termine A, Strafella C, Giardina E, Cascella R. Shared (epi)genomic background connecting neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:155-164. [PMID: 32477452 PMCID: PMC7243483 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i5.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive aging of populations has resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic pathologies, especially of metabolic, neurodegenerative and movement disorders. In particular, type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are among the most prevalent age-related, multifactorial pathologies that deserve particular attention, given their dramatic impact on patient quality of life, their economic and social burden as well the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, which may overlap in some cases. Indeed, the existence of common triggering factors reflects the contribution of mutual genetic, epigenetic and environmental features in the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying T2D and AD/PD. On this subject, this review will summarize the shared (epi)genomic features that characterize these complex pathologies. In particular, genetic variants and gene expression profiles associated with T2D and AD/PD will be discussed as possible contributors to determine the susceptibility and progression to these disorders. Moreover, potential shared epigenetic modifications and factors among T2D, AD and PD will also be illustrated. Overall, this review shows that findings from genomic studies still deserves further research to evaluate and identify genetic factors that directly contribute to the shared etiopathogenesis. Moreover, a common epigenetic background still needs to be investigated and characterized. The evidences discussed in this review underline the importance of integrating large-scale (epi)genomic data with additional molecular information and clinical and social background in order to finely dissect the complex etiopathogenic networks that build up the “disease interactome” characterizing T2D, AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Caputo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Andrea Termine
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana 1000, Albania
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last year, research into the immunological and inflammatory signatures of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has accelerated greatly. Herein, we highlight recently proposed roles of brain-resident microglia as well as peripheral myeloid cells in frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-spectrum disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Recent unbiased genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic surveys using human data confirm significantly altered immune-function genes as well as transcript and protein modules associated with inflammatory and immune function. Beyond human studies, novel animal models indicate important roles for both microglia and monocytes, and central involvement of genes such as Trem2, Apoe, and Tbk1. SUMMARY The importance of neuroinflammatory activity in FTD pathophysiology is unambiguous, but whether this activity is primarily beneficial or detrimental remains unclear, with variable results reported for distinct disease paradigms. Going forward, it will be crucial to determine which types of microglial and peripheral myeloid responses are favorable, in response to which specific proteinopathies, and at which point in disease course.
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Forrest SL, Kril JJ, Halliday GM. Cellular and regional vulnerability in frontotemporal tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:705-727. [PMID: 31203391 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal tauopathies all deposit abnormal tau protein aggregates, but often of only certain isoforms and in distinguishing pathologies of five main types (neuronal Pick bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes, globular glial inclusions and argyrophilic grains). In those with isoform specific tau aggregates glial pathologies are substantial, even though there is limited evidence that these cells normally produce tau protein. This review will assess the differentiating features and clinicopathological correlations of the frontotemporal tauopathies, the genetic predisposition for these different pathologies, their neuroanatomical selectivity, current observations on how they spread through the brain, and any potential contributing cellular and molecular changes. The findings show that diverse clinical phenotypes relate most to the brain region degenerating rather than the type of pathology involved, that different regions on the MAPT gene and novel risk genes are associated with specific tau pathologies, that the 4-repeat glial tauopathies do not follow individual patterns of spreading as identified for neuronal pathologies, and that genetic and pathological data indicate that neuroinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Each pathological frontotemporal tauopathy subtype with their distinct pathological features differ substantially in the cell type affected, morphology, biochemical and anatomical distribution of inclusions, a fundamental concept central to future success in understanding the disease mechanisms required for developing therapeutic interventions. Tau directed therapies targeting genetic mechanisms, tau aggregation and pathological spread are being trialled, although biomarkers that differentiate these diseases are required. Suggested areas of future research to address the regional and cellular vulnerabilities in frontotemporal tauopathies are discussed.
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Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Litvan I. Frontrunner in Translation: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1125. [PMID: 31695675 PMCID: PMC6817677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a four-repeat tau proteinopathy. Abnormal tau deposition is not unique for PSP and is the basic pathologic finding in some other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), age-related tauopathy, frontotemporal degeneration, corticobasal degeneration, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. While AD research has mostly been focused on amyloid beta pathology until recently, PSP as a prototype of a primary tauopathy with high clinical-pathologic correlation and a rapid course is a crucial candidate for tau therapeutic research. Several novel approaches to slow disease progression are being developed. It is expected that the benefits of translational research in this disease will extend beyond the PSP population. This article reviews advances in the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathology, hypothesized etiopathogenesis, and biomarkers and disease-modifying therapeutic approaches of PSP that is leading it to become a frontrunner in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shoeibi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Irene Litvan
- UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Das R, Chinnathambi S. Microglial priming of antigen presentation and adaptive stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3681-3694. [PMID: 31093687 PMCID: PMC11105582 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prominent pathological consequences of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the misfolding and mis-sorting of two cellular proteins, amyloid-β and microtubule-associated protein Tau. The accumulation of toxic phosphorylated Tau inside the neurons induces the increased processing of amyloid-β-associated signaling cascade and vice versa. Neuroinflammation-driven synaptic depletion and cognitive decline are substantiated by the cross talk of activated microglia and astroglia, leading to neuron degeneration. Microglia are the brain-resident immune effectors that prove their diverse functions in maintaining CNS homeostasis via collaboration with astrocytes and T lymphocytes. Age-related senescence and chronic inflammation activate microglia with increased pro-inflammatory markers, oxidative damage and phagocytosis. But the improper processing of misfolded protein via lysosomal pathway destines the spreading of 'seed' constituents to the nearby healthy neurons. Primed microglia process and present self-antigen such as amyloid-β and modified Tau to the infiltrated T lymphocytes through MHC I/II molecules. After an effective conversation with CD4+ T cells, microglial phenotype can be altered from pro-active M1 to neuro-protective M2 type, which corresponds to the tissue remodeling and homeostasis. In this review, we are focusing on the change in functionality of microglia from innate to adaptive immune response in the context of neuroprotection, which may help in the search of novel immune therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Pune, 411008, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Pune, 411008, India.
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Negro S, Zanetti G, Mattarei A, Valentini A, Megighian A, Tombesi G, Zugno A, Dianin V, Pirazzini M, Fillo S, Lista F, Rigoni M, Montecucco C. An Agonist of the CXCR4 Receptor Strongly Promotes Regeneration of Degenerated Motor Axon Terminals. Cells 2019; 8:E1183. [PMID: 31575088 PMCID: PMC6829515 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4 by its ligand CXCL12α is involved in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the growth of B cells precursors and of motor axons, autoimmune diseases, stem cell migration, inflammation, and several neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, we demonstrated that CXCL12α potently stimulates the functional recovery of damaged neuromuscular junctions via interaction with CXCR4. This result prompted us to test the neuroregeneration activity of small molecules acting as CXCR4 agonists, endowed with better pharmacokinetics with respect to the natural ligand. We focused on NUCC-390, recently shown to activate CXCR4 in a cellular system. We designed a novel and convenient chemical synthesis of NUCC-390, which is reported here. NUCC-390 was tested for its capability to induce the regeneration of motor axon terminals completely degenerated by the presynaptic neurotoxin α-Latrotoxin. NUCC-390 was found to strongly promote the functional recovery of the neuromuscular junction, as assayed by electrophysiology and imaging. This action is CXCR4 dependent, as it is completely prevented by AMD3100, a well-characterized CXCR4 antagonist. These data make NUCC-390 a strong candidate to be tested in human therapy to promote nerve recovery of function after different forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Alice Valentini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
- Padua Neuroscience Institute, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Giulia Tombesi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zugno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Valentina Dianin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fillo
- Center of Medical and Veterinary Research of the Ministry of Defence, Rome 00184, Italy.
| | - Florigio Lista
- Center of Medical and Veterinary Research of the Ministry of Defence, Rome 00184, Italy.
| | - Michela Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua 35131, Italy.
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43
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Li T, Zhu J. Entanglement of CCR5 and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:209. [PMID: 31447666 PMCID: PMC6692443 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are diverse and unclear, the past 20 years have witnessed the unprecedented development of the AD inflammation theory. As a key inflammatory receptor family, the C-C chemokine receptor family is a remarkable participant in the cause of Alzheimer's disease; of this family, CCR5 is the most widely studied. CCR5 is an essential entrance when HIV infects immune cells and is also involved in other inflammatory and immune activities. New evidence on the inevitably intertwined link between Alzheimer's disease and CCR5 indicates that CCR5 accelerates the development of Alzheimer's disease, and few studies disputed it. The role of CCR5 in Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. However, as the research progresses, this intricate relationship will gradually be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai, China
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44
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Fernandes J, Chandler JD, Lili LN, Uppal K, Hu X, Hao L, Go YM, Jones DP. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Responses to Physiologic versus Toxic Manganese Exposure in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:676. [PMID: 31396262 PMCID: PMC6668488 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, which also causes neurotoxicity in exposed occupational workers. Mn causes mitochondrial toxicity; however, little is known about transcriptional responses discriminated by physiological and toxicological levels of Mn. Identification of such mechanisms could provide means to evaluate risk of Mn toxicity and also potential avenues to protect against adverse effects. To study the Mn dose-response effects on transcription, analyzed by RNA-Seq, we used human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed for 5 h to Mn (0 to 100 μM), a time point where no immediate cell death occurred at any of the doses. Results showed widespread effects on abundance of protein-coding genes for metabolism of reactive oxygen species, energy sensing, glycolysis, and protein homeostasis including the unfolded protein response and transcriptional regulation. Exposure to a concentration (10 μM Mn for 5 h) that did not result in cell death after 24-h increased abundance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the protein secretion pathway that function in protein trafficking and cellular homeostasis. These include BET1 (Golgi vesicular membrane-trafficking protein), ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10), and ARFGAP3 (ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3). In contrast, 5-h exposure to 100 μM Mn, a concentration that caused cell death after 24 h, increased abundance of DEGs for components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Integrated pathway analysis results showed that protein secretion gene set was associated with amino acid metabolites in response to 10 μM Mn, while oxidative phosphorylation gene set was associated with energy, lipid, and neurotransmitter metabolites at 100 μM Mn. These results show that differential effects of Mn occur at a concentration which does not cause subsequent cell death compared to a concentration that causes subsequent cell death. If these responses translate to effects on the secretory pathway and mitochondrial functions in vivo, differential activities of these systems could provide a sensitive basis to discriminate sub-toxic and toxic environmental and occupational Mn exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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45
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Stamelou M, Giagkou N, Höglinger GU. One decade ago, one decade ahead in progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1284-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders DepartmentHYGEIA Hospital Athens Greece
- Neurology ClinicPhilipps University Marburg Germany
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginiteion HospitalUniversity of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders DepartmentHYGEIA Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of NeurologyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
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46
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Rösler TW, Tayaranian Marvian A, Brendel M, Nykänen NP, Höllerhage M, Schwarz SC, Hopfner F, Koeglsperger T, Respondek G, Schweyer K, Levin J, Villemagne VL, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller U, Meissner WG, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Four-repeat tauopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101644. [PMID: 31238088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with versatile functions in the dynamic assembly of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Four-repeat (4R-) tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by cytoplasmic inclusions predominantly composed of tau protein isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease or glial globular tauopathy belong to the group of 4R-tauopathies. The present review provides an introduction in the current concept of 4R-tauopathies, including an overview of the neuropathological and clinical spectrum of these diseases. It describes the genetic and environmental etiological factors, as well as the contemporary knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, aggregation and fragmentation of tau, as well as the role of protein degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, current theories about disease propagation are discussed, involving different extracellular tau species and their cellular release and uptake mechanisms. Finally, molecular diagnostic tools for 4R-tauopathies, including tau-PET and fluid biomarkers, and investigational therapeutic strategies are presented. In summary, we report on 4R-tauopathies as overarching disease concept based on a shared pathophysiological concept, and highlight the challenges and opportunities on the way towards a causal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schweyer
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Dept. of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dept. of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Dept. of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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47
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Lin Y, Lin Y, Lin X, Sun X, Luo K. Combination of PET and CXCR4-Targeted Peptide Molecule Agents for Noninvasive Tumor Monitoring. J Cancer 2019; 10:3420-3426. [PMID: 31293645 PMCID: PMC6603417 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is emphasizing not only at individual but also at disease molecule level in modern medicine. Therefore, target-specific molecular agents are crucial for precise diagnosis and treatment. We developed a peptide agent that binds a critical chemokine receptor-CXCR4 and could be used to detect tumor status. Confocal images showed binding of the peptide agent to human osteosarcoma cells. Clinical gold-standard molecular imaging agent PET showed tumors had high glucose metabolism, CT showed that these xenograft tumors were calcified and displayed hypervascularity. Peptide imaging demonstrated that these tumors were CXCR4 positive. However, Western blot protein analysis revealed a discordance between the tumor and the CXCR4 targeted agent, suggesting that small changes in peptide sequences have profound effect on binding to their targets. We also demonstrated the molecular screening by modifying the peptide sequence and thereby altering the binding properties of the agent. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that small molecule peptide agents can be used as an additional diagnostic tool for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of August First Film Studio,301 Hospital, NO.1 Liuli Bridge, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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48
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Brooks LRK, Mias GI. Data-Driven Analysis of Age, Sex, and Tissue Effects on Gene Expression Variability in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00392
expr 953166181 + 832251875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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49
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Brooks LRK, Mias GI. Data-Driven Analysis of Age, Sex, and Tissue Effects on Gene Expression Variability in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:392. [PMID: 31068785 PMCID: PMC6491842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been categorized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the 6th leading cause of death in the United States. AD is a significant health-care burden because of its increased occurrence (specifically in the elderly population), and the lack of effective treatments and preventive methods. With an increase in life expectancy, the CDC expects AD cases to rise to 15 million by 2060. Aging has been previously associated with susceptibility to AD, and there are ongoing efforts to effectively differentiate between normal and AD age-related brain degeneration and memory loss. AD targets neuronal function and can cause neuronal loss due to the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Our study aims to identify temporal changes within gene expression profiles of healthy controls and AD subjects. We conducted a meta-analysis using publicly available microarray expression data from AD and healthy cohorts. For our meta-analysis, we selected datasets that reported donor age and gender, and used Affymetrix and Illumina microarray platforms (8 datasets, 2,088 samples). Raw microarray expression data were re-analyzed, and normalized across arrays. We then performed an analysis of variance, using a linear model that incorporated age, tissue type, sex, and disease state as effects, as well as study to account for batch effects, and included binary interactions between factors. Our results identified 3,735 statistically significant (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05) gene expression differences between AD and healthy controls, which we filtered for biological effect (10% two-tailed quantiles of mean differences between groups) to obtain 352 genes. Interesting pathways identified as enriched comprised of neurodegenerative diseases pathways (including AD), and also mitochondrial translation and dysfunction, synaptic vesicle cycle and GABAergic synapse, and gene ontology terms enrichment in neuronal system, transmission across chemical synapses and mitochondrial translation. Overall our approach allowed us to effectively combine multiple available microarray datasets and identify gene expression differences between AD and healthy individuals including full age and tissue type considerations. Our findings provide potential gene and pathway associations that can be targeted to improve AD diagnostics and potentially treatment or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavida R K Brooks
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I Mias
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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50
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Cattane N, Mora C, Lopizzo N, Borsini A, Maj C, Pedrini L, Rossi R, Riva MA, Pariante CM, Cattaneo A. Identification of a miRNAs signature associated with exposure to stress early in life and enhanced vulnerability for schizophrenia: New insights for the key role of miR-125b-1-3p in neurodevelopmental processes. Schizophr Res 2019; 205:63-75. [PMID: 30057098 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have provided evidence for a role of both genetic and environmental factors, such as stressful experiences early in life, in the pathogenesis of Schizophrenia (SZ) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to play a key role in the interplay between the environment and our genome. In this study, we conducted a miRNOme analysis in different samples (blood of adult subjects exposed to childhood trauma, brain (hippocampus) of rats exposed to prenatal stress and human hippocampal progenitor cells treated with cortisol) and we identified miR-125b-1-3p as a down-regulated miRNA in all the three datasets. Interestingly, a significant down-regulation was observed also in SZ patients exposed to childhood trauma. To investigate the biological systems targeted by miR-125b-1-3p and also involved in the effects of stress, we combined the list of biological pathways modulated by predicted and validated target genes of miR-125b-1-3p, with the biological systems significantly regulated by cortisol in the in vitro model. We found, as common pathways, the CXCR4 signaling, the G-alpha signaling, and the P2Y Purigenic Receptor Signaling Pathway, which are all involved in neurodevelopmental processes. Our data, obtained from the combining of miRNAs datasets across different tissues and species, identified miR-125b-1-3p as a key marker associated with the long-term effects of stress early in life and also with the enhanced vulnerability of developing SZ. The identification of such a miRNA biomarker could allow the early detection of vulnerable subjects for SZ and could provide the basis for the development of preventive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mora
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Maria Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy; Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK.
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