1
|
Hayashi Y, Okumura H, Arioka Y, Kushima I, Mori D, Lo T, Otgonbayar G, Kato H, Nawa Y, Kimura H, Aleksic B, Ozaki N. Analysis of human neuronal cells carrying ASTN2 deletion associated with psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:236. [PMID: 38830862 PMCID: PMC11148150 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have found common genomic risk variants among psychiatric disorders, strongly suggesting the overlaps in their molecular and cellular mechanism. Our research group identified the variant in ASTN2 as one of the candidate risk factors across these psychiatric disorders by whole-genome copy number variation analysis. However, the alterations in the human neuronal cells resulting from ASTN2 variants identified in patients remain unknown. To address this, we used patient-derived and genome-edited iPS cells with ASTN2 deletion; cells were further differentiated into neuronal cells. A comprehensive gene expression analysis using genome-edited iPS cells with variants on both alleles revealed that the expression level of ZNF558, a gene specifically expressed in human forebrain neural progenitor cells, was greatly reduced in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. Furthermore, the expression of the mitophagy-related gene SPATA18, which is repressed by ZNF558, and mitophagy activity were increased in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. These phenotypes were also detected in neuronal cells differentiated from patient-derived iPS cells with heterozygous ASTN2 deletion. Our results suggest that ASTN2 deletion is related to the common pathogenic mechanism of psychiatric disorders by regulating mitophagy via ZNF558.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tzuyao Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gantsooj Otgonbayar
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akaba Y, Takahashi S, Suzuki K, Kosaki K, Tsujimura K. miR-514a promotes neuronal development in human iPSC-derived neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1096463. [PMID: 36824367 PMCID: PMC9941156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1096463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the central nervous system require precise regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, are critical regulators of neuronal development, and dysregulation of microRNAs has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Changes in microRNA expression and repertoire are related to the emergence of social and behavioral variations in closely related primates, including humans, during evolution. MicroRNA-514a (miR-514a) is an X-linked miRNA that is conserved in species with higher social and cognitive functions, and frequent tandem duplications of miR-514a have been found in primate genomes. Here, we demonstrate that miR-514a plays a crucial role in neuronal development in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Overexpression of miR-514a increased dendritic length, soma size, and activity levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, whereas blocking of endogenous miR-514a inhibited neuronal development. Furthermore, we performed a functional analysis of the miR-514a variation found during primate evolution, to investigate the impact of miR-514a sequence variation and associated changes in expression on brain development during evolution. We found that mutation in miR-514a significantly reduced the expression of the mature form and abolished the effects observed when native miR-514a was expressed. Our findings provide new insights into the functional role of miR-514a in the regulation of neuronal development and evolution of primate brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akaba
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,*Correspondence: Keita Tsujimura,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yeap YJ, Teddy TJW, Lee MJ, Goh M, Lim KL. From 2D to 3D: Development of Monolayer Dopaminergic Neuronal and Midbrain Organoid Cultures for Parkinson's Disease Modeling and Regenerative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032523. [PMID: 36768843 PMCID: PMC9917335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the loss of A9-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Despite intensive research, the etiology of PD is currently unresolved, and the disease remains incurable. This, in part, is due to the lack of an experimental disease model that could faithfully recapitulate the features of human PD. However, the recent advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has allowed PD models to be created from patient-derived cells. Indeed, DA neurons from PD patients are now routinely established in many laboratories as monolayers as well as 3D organoid cultures that serve as useful toolboxes for understanding the mechanism underlying PD and also for drug discovery. At the same time, the iPSC technology also provides unprecedented opportunity for autologous cell-based therapy for the PD patient to be performed using the patient's own cells as starting materials. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular processes underpinning the development and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into midbrain DA neurons in both 2D and 3D cultures, as well as the latest advancements in using these cells for drug discovery and regenerative medicine. For the novice entering the field, the cornucopia of differentiation protocols reported for the generation of midbrain DA neurons may seem daunting. Here, we have distilled the essence of the different approaches and summarized the main factors driving DA neuronal differentiation, with the view to provide a useful guide to newcomers who are interested in developing iPSC-based models of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tng J. W. Teddy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme (IGP-Neuroscience), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mok Jung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Micaela Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho E, Kim K, Kim H, Cho SR. Reelin protects against pathological α-synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration after environmental enrichment in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
5
|
Sebastian R, Song Y, Pak C. Probing the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cell models. Schizophr Res 2022:S0920-9964(22)00263-8. [PMID: 35835709 PMCID: PMC9832179 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With recent advancements in psychiatric genomics, as a field, "stem cell-based disease modelers" were given the exciting yet daunting task of translating the extensive list of disease-associated risks into biologically and clinically relevant information in order to deliver therapeutically meaningful leads and insights. Despite their limitations, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) based models have greatly aided our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the complex etiology of brain disorders including schizophrenia (SCZ). In this review, we summarize the major findings from studies in the past decade which utilized iPSC models to investigate cell type-specific phenotypes relevant to idiopathic SCZ and disease penetrant alleles. Across cell type differences, several biological themes emerged, serving as potential neurodevelopmental mechanisms of SCZ, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, depletion of progenitor pools and insufficient differentiation potential of these progenitors, and structural and functional deficits of neurons and other supporting cells. Here, we discuss both the recent progress as well as challenges and improvements needed for future studies utilizing iPSCs as a model for SCZ and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yoonjae Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Hidalgo AC, Martín-Cuevas C, Crespo-Facorro B, Garrido-Torres N. Reelin Alterations, Behavioral Phenotypes, and Brain Anomalies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Insights From Rodent Models. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:844737. [PMID: 35401125 PMCID: PMC8986979 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.844737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein reduced in brain regions (the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus) of patients with schizophrenia. There are diverse rodent models of schizophrenia that mimic patient symptoms based on various causal theories; however, likely shared reelin alterations have not yet been systematically assessed in those models. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model. Articles focused on psychotic disorders or schizophrenia and their relationship with reelin in rodent models were selected. Data (first author, publication year, results, both open field and prepulse inhibition test results, and type of reelin alteration) were extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. The 37 reviewed articles reported about various schizophrenia models and their reelin alterations, brain morphology, and behavioral defects. We conclude that reelin is an altered preclinical biomarker common to all models included, mainly prenatal or genetic models, and a key protein in schizophrenia disease, making the reelin signaling pathway in prenatal stages a target of special interest for future preclinical and clinical studies. All models presented at least one of the four described reelin alteration types. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021210568], identifier [CRD42021210568].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Seville Biomedical Research Centre (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Celia Martín-Cuevas
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Seville Biomedical Research Centre (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Seville Biomedical Research Centre (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío-IBiS, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Benedicto Crespo-Facorro,
| | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Seville Biomedical Research Centre (IBiS), Seville, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío-IBiS, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
New Strategies for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Based on Reelin Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031829. [PMID: 35163751 PMCID: PMC8836358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is mainly produced in Cajal-Retzius cells and controls neuronal migration, which is important for the proper formation of cortical layers in the developmental stage of the brain. In the adult brain, Reelin plays a crucial role in the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic function, and its expression decreases postnatally. Clinical studies showed reductions in Reelin protein and mRNA expression levels in patients with psychiatric disorders; however, the causal relationship remains unclear. Reelin-deficient mice exhibit an abnormal neuronal morphology and behavior, while Reelin supplementation ameliorates learning deficits, synaptic dysfunctions, and spine loss in animal models with Reelin deficiency. These findings suggest that the neuronal deficits and brain dysfunctions associated with the down-regulated expression of Reelin are attenuated by enhancements in its expression and functions in the brain. In this review, we summarize findings on the role of Reelin in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Reelin dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sawahata M, Asano H, Nagai T, Ito N, Kohno T, Nabeshima T, Hattori M, Yamada K. Microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC prevents MK-801-induced recognition memory impairment in mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105832. [PMID: 34450306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular matrix protein, helps to regulate neuronal plasticity and cognitive function. Several studies have shown that Reelin dysfunction, resulting from factors such as mutations in gene RELN or low Reelin expression, is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously reported that microinjection of Reelin into cerebral ventricle prevents phencyclidine-induced cognitive and sensory-motor gating deficits. However, it remains unclear whether and how Reelin ameliorates behavioral abnormalities in the animal model of SCZ. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of recombinant Reelin microinjection into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on abnormal behaviors induced by MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC prevented impairment of recognition memory of MK-801-treated mice in the novel object recognition test (NORT). On the other hand, the same treatment had no effect on deficits in sensory-motor gating and short-term memory in the pre-pulse inhibition and Y-maze tests, respectively. To establish the neural substrates that respond to Reelin, the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the mPFC was determined. A significant increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the mPFC of MK-801-treated mice was observed when compared with saline-treated mice, and this change was suppressed by microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC. A K2360/2467A Reelin that cannot bind to its receptor failed to ameliorate MK-801-induced cognitive deficits in NORT. These results suggest that Reelin prevents MK-801-induced recognition memory impairment by acting on its receptors to suppress neural activity in the mPFC of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asano
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang XQ, Zhang RR, Liu XW. Heterozygous missense mutation of the RELN gene is one of the causes of epilepsy. Neurol Res 2021; 44:262-267. [PMID: 34569441 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1979748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic factors play an important role in the onset of epilepsy, and the involvement of the RELN gene was recently discovered. This paper reports a family with a history of epilepsy caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in the RELN gene. METHODS After a clear diagnosis was made in the proband with a family history of epilepsy, gene sequencing was performed on the proband and his family members. RESULTS The proband was a 19-year-old male who presented with general convulsions during sleep lasting for about 1 min and was relieved spontaneously. His father and grandmother also experienced seizures. The gene sequencing results of the proband, his mother, and his grandmother showed that both the proband and his grandmother carried the same heterozygous missense mutation in the RELN gene (c.7909 C > T), unlike the proband's mother. DISCUSSION Mutations in the RELN gene can lead to the occurrence of benign epilepsy, though the specific type of seizures that it can cause is still unclear, and may increase the susceptibility to epilepsy. In addition, it may have potential anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Wu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abashkin DA, Kurishev AO, Karpov DS, Golimbet VE. Cellular Models in Schizophrenia Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168518. [PMID: 34445221 PMCID: PMC8395162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent functional psychosis characterized by clinical behavioural symptoms and underlying abnormalities in brain function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have revealed many loci that do not directly identify processes disturbed in the disease. For this reason, the development of cellular models containing SZ-associated variations has become a focus in the post-GWAS research era. The application of revolutionary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, along with recently developed technologies for cultivating brain organoids in vitro, have opened new perspectives for the construction of these models. In general, cellular models are intended to unravel particular biological phenomena. They can provide the missing link between schizophrenia-related phenotypic features (such as transcriptional dysregulation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysregulation) and data from pathomorphological, electrophysiological and behavioural studies. The objectives of this review are the systematization and classification of cellular models of schizophrenia, based on their complexity and validity for understanding schizophrenia-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A. Abashkin
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Artemii O. Kurishev
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arioka Y, Shishido E, Kushima I, Suzuki T, Saito R, Aiba A, Mori D, Ozaki N. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion causes PERK-dependent vulnerability in dopaminergic neurons. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103138. [PMID: 33341442 PMCID: PMC7753137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chromosome 22q11.2 deletion is an extremely high risk genetic factor for various neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the 22q11.2 deletion-related brain pathology in humans at the cellular and molecular levels remains unclear. Methods We generated iPS cells from healthy controls (control group) and patients with 22q11.2 deletion (22DS group), and differentiated them into dopaminergic neurons. Semiquantitative proteomic analysis was performed to compare the two groups. Next, we conducted molecular, cell biological and pharmacological assays. Findings Semiquantitative proteomic analysis identified ‘protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)’ as the most altered pathway in the 22DS group. In particular, we found a severe defect in protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression and its activity in the 22DS group. The decreased PERK expression was also shown in the midbrain of a 22q11.2 deletion mouse model. The 22DS group showed characteristic phenotypes, including poor tolerance to ER stress, abnormal F-actin dynamics, and decrease in protein synthesis. Some of phenotypes were rescued by the pharmacological manipulation of PERK activity and phenocopied in PERK-deficient dopaminergic neurons. We lastly showed that DGCR14 was associated with reduction in PERK expression. Interpretation Our findings led us to conclude that the 22q11.2 deletion causes various vulnerabilities in dopaminergic neurons, dependent on PERK dysfunction. Funding This study was supported by the 10.13039/100010463AMED under grant nos JP20dm0107087, JP20dm0207075, JP20ak0101113, JP20dk0307081, and JP18dm0207004h0005; the MEXT KAKENHI under grant nos. 16K19760, 19K08015, 18H04040, and 18K19511; the 10.13039/100008732Uehara Memorial Foundation under grant no. 201810122; and 2019 iPS Academia Japan Grant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Emiko Shishido
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kimura H, Mori D, Aleksic B, Ozaki N. Elucidation of molecular pathogenesis and drug development for psychiatric disorders from rare disease-susceptibility variants. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:24-31. [PMID: 33316300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in genome analysis and large-scale consortia has made it possible to discover variants with a variety of allele frequencies and effect sizes associated with psychiatric disorders. Among psychiatric disorder-susceptibility variants, rare variants with large effect sizes detected by sequencing analysis or array comparative genomic hybridization would be particularly useful for elucidating pathophysiology by developing disease models, such as genome-edited mouse or induced pluripotent stem cells. In the last decade, investigations of rare variants with large effect size have revealed an important role of neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In future research, integration of recent evidence concerning the contribution of the immune system or gut microbiota will enhance our understanding of psychiatric disorders and facilitate novel drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Brain & Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Experimental Models to Study Autism Spectrum Disorders: hiPSCs, Rodents and Zebrafish. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111376. [PMID: 33233737 PMCID: PMC7699923 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) affect around 1.5% of the global population, which manifest alterations in communication and socialization, as well as repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. ASD is a complex disorder with known environmental and genetic contributors; however, ASD etiology is far from being clear. In the past decades, many efforts have been put into developing new models to study ASD, both in vitro and in vivo. These models have a lot of potential to help to validate some of the previously associated risk factors to the development of the disorder, and to test new potential therapies that help to alleviate ASD symptoms. The present review is focused on the recent advances towards the generation of models for the study of ASD, which would be a useful tool to decipher the bases of the disorder, as well as to conduct drug screenings that hopefully lead to the identification of useful compounds to help patients deal with the symptoms of ASD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Association Between REELIN Gene Polymorphisms (rs7341475 and rs262355) and Risk of Schizophrenia: an Updated Meta-analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:675-690. [PMID: 32889693 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a destructive neuropsychiatric illness affecting millions of people worldwide. The correlation between RELN gene polymorphisms and SCZ was investigated by previous researches, though the results remained conflicting. Based on the available studies, we conducted this meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive outcome on whether the RELN gene polymorphisms (rs7341475 and rs262355) are associated with SCZ. A total of 15 studies with 25,403 subjects (9047 cases and 16,356 controls) retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Wiley, BMC, Cochrane, Springer, MDPI, SAGE, and Google Scholar up to June 2020 were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. The heterogeneity was checked using I2 statistics and Q-test, whereas publication bias was also measured. The rs7341475 polymorphism showed a significantly lower risk for SCZ for the allele (A vs. G: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.87-0.99), codominant 1 (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.85-0.99), dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.86-0.98), and over dominant model (AG vs. AA+GG: OR = 0.92, 95%Cl = 0.86-0.99). The allele, codominant model 1, and dominant models remained statistically significant after the correction of the Bonferroni (p < 0.025). Subgroup analysis confirmed the association of allele and dominant models in the Caucasian after Bonferroni correction. For rs262355 polymorphism, a significantly increased risk of SCZ was found only in Caucasians for codominant 2, dominant, and allele models, but significance exists only for the allele model after Bonferroni correction. Publication bias was found in the case of codominant 2 and recessive models for rs7341475 in the overall population, but this publication was not found after performing the Bonferroni correction or after performing the subgroup analysis. No such publication was found for rs262355. The results suggest that RELN rs7341475 is associated with a lower risk of SCZ in the overall population and Caucasian population, but rs262355 is associated with an increased risk of SCZ only in the Caucasian population.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sekiguchi M, Sobue A, Kushima I, Wang C, Arioka Y, Kato H, Kodama A, Kubo H, Ito N, Sawahata M, Hada K, Ikeda R, Shinno M, Mizukoshi C, Tsujimura K, Yoshimi A, Ishizuka K, Takasaki Y, Kimura H, Xing J, Yu Y, Yamamoto M, Okada T, Shishido E, Inada T, Nakatochi M, Takano T, Kuroda K, Amano M, Aleksic B, Yamomoto T, Sakuma T, Aida T, Tanaka K, Hashimoto R, Arai M, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Shimamura T, Nagai T, Nabeshima T, Kaibuchi K, Yamada K, Mori D, Ozaki N. ARHGAP10, which encodes Rho GTPase-activating protein 10, is a novel gene for schizophrenia risk. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:247. [PMID: 32699248 PMCID: PMC7376022 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is known to be a heritable disorder; however, its multifactorial nature has significantly hampered attempts to establish its pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we performed genome-wide copy-number variation (CNV) analysis of 2940 patients with SCZ and 2402 control subjects and identified a statistically significant association between SCZ and exonic CNVs in the ARHGAP10 gene. ARHGAP10 encodes a member of the RhoGAP superfamily of proteins that is involved in small GTPase signaling. This signaling pathway is one of the SCZ-associated pathways and may contribute to neural development and function. However, the ARHGAP10 gene is often confused with ARHGAP21, thus, the significance of ARHGAP10 in the molecular pathology of SCZ, including the expression profile of the ARHGAP10 protein, remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we focused on one patient identified to have both an exonic deletion and a missense variant (p.S490P) in ARHGAP10. The missense variant was found to be located in the RhoGAP domain and was determined to be relevant to the association between ARHGAP10 and the active form of RhoA. We evaluated ARHGAP10 protein expression in the brains of reporter mice and generated a mouse model to mimic the patient case. The model exhibited abnormal emotional behaviors, along with reduced spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In addition, primary cultured neurons prepared from the mouse model brain exhibited immature neurites in vitro. Furthermore, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from this patient, and differentiated them into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in order to analyze their morphological phenotypes. TH-positive neurons differentiated from the patient-derived iPSCs exhibited severe defects in both neurite length and branch number; these defects were restored by the addition of the Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. Collectively, our findings suggest that rare ARHGAP10 variants may be genetically and biologically associated with SCZ and indicate that Rho signaling represents a promising drug discovery target for SCZ treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sekiguchi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.437848.40000 0004 0569 8970Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Chenyao Wang
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.437848.40000 0004 0569 8970Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Kodama
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hisako Kubo
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeda
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Mio Shinno
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Chikara Mizukoshi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Jingrui Xing
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yanjie Yu
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Emiko Shishido
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Data Science, Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takano
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Takashi Yamomoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- grid.272456.0Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, Toyoake, Aichi Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Norio Ozaki
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sawahata M, Mori D, Arioka Y, Kubo H, Kushima I, Kitagawa K, Sobue A, Shishido E, Sekiguchi M, Kodama A, Ikeda R, Aleksic B, Kimura H, Ishizuka K, Nagai T, Kaibuchi K, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Ozaki N. Generation and analysis of novel Reln-deleted mouse model corresponding to exonic Reln deletion in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:318-327. [PMID: 32065683 PMCID: PMC7318658 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM A Japanese individual with schizophrenia harboring a novel exonic deletion in RELN was recently identified by genome-wide copy-number variation analysis. Thus, the present study aimed to generate and analyze a model mouse to clarify whether Reln deficiency is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHODS A mouse line with a novel RELN exonic deletion (Reln-del) was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 method to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Subsequently, general behavioral tests and histopathological examinations of the model mice were conducted and phenotypic analysis of the cerebellar granule cell migration was performed. RESULTS The phenotype of homozygous Reln-del mice was similar to that of reeler mice with cerebellar atrophy, dysplasia of the cerebral layers, and abrogated protein levels of cerebral reelin. The expression of reelin in heterozygous Reln-del mice was approximately half of that in wild-type mice. Conversely, behavioral analyses in heterozygous Reln-del mice without cerebellar atrophy or dysplasia showed abnormal social novelty in the three-chamber social interaction test. In vitro reaggregation formation and neuronal migration were severely altered in the cerebellar cultures of homozygous Reln-del mice. CONCLUSION The present results in novel Reln-del mice modeled after our patient with a novel exonic deletion in RELN are expected to contribute to the development of reelin-based therapies for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisako Kubo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanako Kitagawa
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emiko Shishido
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Kodama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cell body shape and directional movement stability in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5820. [PMID: 32242061 PMCID: PMC7118143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is necessary in the process of the formation of brain architecture. Recently, we demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic neurons exhibit directional migration in vitro. However, it remains unclear how the cell shape is involved in their migration. In this study, we performed live imaging analyses using human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Our automated method, which can automatically identify the cell body shape and the cell position at specific time points, revealed that healthy iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons migrate according to their shape. This migration behavior was out of accord in neurons derived from iPSCs carrying an RELN deletion. Our findings provide a novel theory that cell body orientation is related to the stability of movement direction for human dopaminergic neurons, under the regulation of RELN.
Collapse
|
18
|
Arioka Y, Hirata A, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Mori D, Ozaki N. Characterization of a schizophrenia patient with a rare RELN deletion by combining genomic and patient-derived cell analyses. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:511-515. [PMID: 31848032 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified rare RELN variants as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. However, additional genetic factors appear to be necessary for disease onset. Detailed genetic information and the use of patient-derived neuronal cells may thus enable to discover these disease-related additional factors. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a schizophrenia patient with a rare RELN deletion and his healthy mother, and examined the phenotypes of 3D-cultured neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of this patient. Our results revealed that, along with the RELN deletion, neuronal death was promoted in this patient; thus, neuronal death may be a vulnerable factor for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arioka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
In Vitro Modeling of the Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Copy Number Variations of PCDH15 and RELN. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0403-18.2019. [PMID: 31540999 PMCID: PMC6800292 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0403-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are major psychiatric disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the complicated pathologies of these disorders remain unclear. It is difficult to establish adequate in vitro models for pathological analysis because of the heterogeneity of these disorders. In the present study, to recapitulate the pathologies of these disorders in vitro, we established in vitro models by differentiating mature neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from BP and SCZ patient with contributive copy number variations, as follows: two BP patients with PCDH15 deletion and one SCZ patient with RELN deletion. Glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic neurons were induced from hiPSCs under optimized conditions. Both types of induced neurons from both hiPSCs exhibited similar phenotypes of MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2)-positive dendrite shortening and decreasing synapse numbers. Additionally, we analyzed isogenic PCDH15- or RELN-deleted cells. The dendrite and synapse phenotypes of isogenic neurons were partially similar to those of patient-derived neurons. These results suggest that the observed phenotypes are general phenotypes of psychiatric disorders, and our in vitro models using hiPSC-based technology may be suitable for analysis of the pathologies of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vaswani AR, Weykopf B, Hagemann C, Fried HU, Brüstle O, Blaess S. Correct setup of the substantia nigra requires Reelin-mediated fast, laterally-directed migration of dopaminergic neurons. eLife 2019; 8:41623. [PMID: 30689541 PMCID: PMC6349407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons migrate to form the laterally-located substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) and medially-located ventral tegmental area (VTA), but little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular processes. Here we visualize the dynamic cell morphologies of tangentially migrating SN-mDA neurons in 3D and identify two distinct migration modes. Slow migration is the default mode in SN-mDA neurons, while fast, laterally-directed migration occurs infrequently and is strongly associated with bipolar cell morphology. Tangential migration of SN-mDA neurons is altered in absence of Reelin signaling, but it is unclear whether Reelin acts directly on migrating SN-mDA neurons and how it affects their cell morphology and migratory behavior. By specifically inactivating Reelin signaling in mDA neurons we demonstrate its direct role in SN-mDA tangential migration. Reelin promotes laterally-biased movements in mDA neurons during their slow migration mode, stabilizes leading process morphology and increases the probability of fast, laterally-directed migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ravi Vaswani
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Fried
- Light Microscope Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sobue A, Kushima I, Nagai T, Shan W, Kohno T, Aleksic B, Aoyama Y, Mori D, Arioka Y, Kawano N, Yamamoto M, Hattori M, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Ozaki N. Genetic and animal model analyses reveal the pathogenic role of a novel deletion of RELN in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13046. [PMID: 30158644 PMCID: PMC6115412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin protein (RELN), an extracellular matrix protein, plays multiple roles that range from embryonic neuronal migration to spine formation in the adult brain. Results from genetic studies have suggested that RELN is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously identified a novel exonic deletion of RELN in a patient with SCZ. High-resolution copy number variation analysis revealed that this deletion included exons 52 to 58, which truncated the RELN in a similar manner to the Reln Orleans mutation (Relnrl-Orl). We examined the clinical features of this patient and confirmed a decreased serum level of RELN. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of the exonic deletion of RELN in SCZ, we conducted behavioral and neurochemical analyses using heterozygous Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. These mice exhibited abnormalities in anxiety, social behavior, and motor learning; the deficits in motor learning were ameliorated by antipsychotics. Methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and dopamine release were significantly reduced in the Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. In addition, the levels of GABAergic markers were decreased in the brain of these mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the exonic deletion of RELN plays a pathological role, implicating functional changes in the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Aino University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arioka Y, Kushima I, Mori D, Ozaki N. Three lines of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome patient. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:240-243. [PMID: 30144654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplications at the 15q11.2-q13.1 region are associated with psychiatric disorders such as developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder. However, the specific influence of these duplications on human neuronal cells remains unclear. Here we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient with 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome. The generated iPSCs carried 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication and showed typical iPSC morphology and pluripotency marker expression, and the capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. These iPSC lines will contribute to further understanding the pathology of 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome and help develop drugs to treat psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|