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Yang X, Liu N, Sun H, Li X, Li H, Gong Q, Lui S. Sex-related cortical asymmetry in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae173. [PMID: 38706137 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been considered to exhibit sex-related clinical differences that might be associated with distinctly abnormal brain asymmetries between sexes. One hundred and thirty-two antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 150 healthy participants were recruited in this study to investigate whether cortical asymmetry would exhibit sex-related abnormalities in schizophrenia. After a 1-yr follow-up, patients were rescanned to obtain the effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical asymmetry. Male patients were found to show increased lateralization index while female patients were found to exhibit decreased lateralization index in widespread regions when compared with healthy participants of the corresponding sex. Specifically, the cortical asymmetry of male and female patients showed contrary trends in the cingulate, orbitofrontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular cortices. This result suggested male patients showed a leftward shift of asymmetry while female patients showed a rightward shift of asymmetry in these above regions that related to language, vision, emotion, and cognition. Notably, abnormal lateralization indices remained stable after antipsychotic treatment. The contrary trends in asymmetry between female and male patients with schizophrenia together with the persistent abnormalities after antipsychotic treatment suggested the altered brain asymmetries in schizophrenia might be sex-related disturbances, intrinsic, and resistant to the effect of antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Yang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, No. 190 Jiannan Road East, Youxian District, Mianyang, Sichuan Province 621000, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, 699 Jinyuan Xi Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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Adjorlolo S, Awortwe V, Anum A, Huang KY, Mamah D. Psychotic-like experiences and adverse life events in young people. Does gender matter? Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024; 29:154-160. [PMID: 37610125 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and adverse life events (ALEs) are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa where gendered practices are also common. There is, however, a paucity of data on how the relationship between PLEs and life adversities is influenced by gender. The current study addressed this gap. METHOD Data were collected from 1886 school-based young people (1174 females) in Ghana, West Africa using a cross-sectional survey methodology and analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression. RESULTS The results showed that victimization experiences, school stress and having a family member with mental illness were significantly associated with PLEs in both males and females. In contrast, substance misuse and experiences of head trauma correlated significantly with PLEs in females only. CONCLUSION Life adversities constitute major risk factors for PLEs among school-based young people in Ghana, who could benefit from gender neutral and gender-sensitive intervention programming to remediate the effects of life adversities on PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Victoria Awortwe
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adote Anum
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Keng-Yen Huang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Chen Z, Li X, Cui X, Zhang L, Liu Q, Lu Y, Wang X, Shi H, Ding M, Yang Y, Li W, Lv L. Association of CTNND2 gene polymorphism with schizophrenia: Two-sample case-control study in Chinese Han population. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023:912174231164669. [PMID: 36930964 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231164669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Catenin Delta 2 (CTNND2) is one of the genes regulating neuronal development in the brain. It is unclear whether CTNND2 is involved in SZ. With the hypothesis that CTNND2 may be a risk gene for SZ, we performed a case-control association analysis to investigate if CTNND2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated in SZ in a Han Chinese northern population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited subjects from 2010 to 2022 from the Han population of northern Henan and divided them into two case-control samples, including a discovery sample (SZ = 528 and control = 528) and replication sample (SZ = 2458 and control = 6914). Twenty-one SNPs were genotyped on the Illumina BeadStation 500G platform using GoldenGate technology and analyzed by PLINK. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess clinical symptoms. RESULTS Rs16901943, rs7733427, and rs2168878 SNPs were associated with SZ (Chi2 = 7.484, 11.576, and 5.391, respectively, df = 1; p = 0.006, 0.00067, and 0.02, respectively) in two samples. Rs10058868 was associated with SZ in male patients in the discovery sample (Chi2 = 6.264, df = 1, p = .044). Only rs7733427 survived Bonferroni correction. Linkage disequilibrium block three haplotypes were associated with SZ in the discovery and total sample. PANSS analysis of the four SNPs implicated rs10058868 and rs2168878 with symptoms of depression and excitement, respectively, in the SZ patients. CONCLUSION Four SNPs were identified as being correlated with SZ. The CTNND2 gene may be involved in susceptibility to SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Chen
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangzheng Cui
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Han Shi
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minli Ding
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- 34727The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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4
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Colby AE, DeCasien AR, Cooper EB, Higham JP. Greater variability in rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta) endocranial volume among males than females. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220728. [PMID: 36350207 PMCID: PMC9653222 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The greater male variability (GMV) hypothesis proposes that traits are more variable among males than females, and is supported by numerous empirical studies. Interestingly, GMV is also observed for human brain size and internal brain structure, a pattern which may have implications for sex-biased neurological and psychiatric conditions. A better understanding of neuroanatomical variability in non-human primates may illuminate whether certain species are appropriate models for these conditions. Here, we tested for sex differences in the variability of endocranial volume (ECV, a proxy for brain size) in a sample of 542 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from a large pedigreed free-ranging population. We also examined the components of phenotypic variance (additive genetic and residual variance) to tease apart the potential drivers of sex differences in variability. Our results suggest that males exhibit more variable ECVs, and that this pattern reflects either balancing/disruptive selection on male behaviour (associated with alternative male mating strategies) or sex chromosome effects (associated with mosaic patterns of X chromosome gene expression in females), rather than extended neurodevelopment among males. This represents evidence of GMV for brain size in a non-human primate species and highlights the potential of rhesus macaques as a model for sex-biased brain-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E. Colby
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alex R. DeCasien
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eve B. Cooper
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - James P. Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
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5
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D'Ambrosio E, Pergola G, Pardiñas AF, Dahoun T, Veronese M, Sportelli L, Taurisano P, Griffiths K, Jauhar S, Rogdaki M, Bloomfield MAP, Froudist-Walsh S, Bonoldi I, Walters JTR, Blasi G, Bertolino A, Howes OD. A polygenic score indexing a DRD2-related co-expression network is associated with striatal dopamine function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12610. [PMID: 35871219 PMCID: PMC9308811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) is the primary site of the therapeutic action of antipsychotics and is involved in essential brain functions relevant to schizophrenia, such as attention, memory, motivation, and emotion processing. Moreover, the gene coding for D2R (DRD2) has been associated with schizophrenia at a genome-wide level. Recent studies have shown that a polygenic co-expression index (PCI) predicting the brain-specific expression of a network of genes co-expressed with DRD2 was associated with response to antipsychotics, brain function during working memory in patients with schizophrenia, and with the modulation of prefrontal cortex activity after pharmacological stimulation of D2 receptors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the DRD2 gene network and in vivo striatal dopaminergic function, which is a phenotype robustly associated with psychosis and schizophrenia. To this aim, a sample of 92 healthy subjects underwent 18F-DOPA PET and was genotyped for genetic variations indexing the co-expression of the DRD2-related genetic network in order to calculate the PCI for each subject. The PCI was significantly associated with whole striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (p = 0.038). Exploratory analyses on the striatal subdivisions revealed a numerically larger effect size of the PCI on dopamine function for the associative striatum, although this was not significantly different than effects in other sub-divisions. These results are in line with a possible relationship between the DRD2-related co-expression network and schizophrenia and extend it by identifying a potential mechanism involving the regulation of dopamine synthesis. Future studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms implicated in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico D'Ambrosio
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tarik Dahoun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Kira Griffiths
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael A P Bloomfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | | | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK.
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark.
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6
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Oliveras I, Soria-Ruiz OJ, Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Different maturation patterns for sensorimotor gating and startle habituation deficits in male and female RHA vs RLA rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114021. [PMID: 35872331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental anomalies are thought to play a crucial role in the emergence of schizophrenia. The Roman high-avoidance (RHA) rats exhibit impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI), as well as other behavioral and cognitive singularities related to schizophrenia syndromes compared to the Roman low-avoidance (RLA) rats. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating whether PPI deficits in the RHA rats take place during prepubescence, adolescence, or adulthood. Thus, we evaluated the levels of PPI of both strains and both sexes during these three developmental phases. Additionally, we also investigated the onset of startle habituation deficits in the same groups. The results showed that male RHA rats exhibit a clear-cut PPI reduction compared to their RLA counterparts in adulthood. In female RHA rats, we observed lower levels of PPI since adolescence and through adulthood. We also found no differences between PPI percentages among the three ages in RHA male rats. Contrarily, in male RLA rats, PPI levels were increased in adults compared to their adolescent and prepubescent counterparts. Finally, a deficit in startle habituation was observed in adulthood of both male and female RHA rats, although in the latter case the disturbance in startle habituation was more profound. These results further the description of the maturational trajectory of cognitive markers relevant to schizophrenia prodrome and they add face validity to the RHA rats as a model of schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Oscar J Soria-Ruiz
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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7
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Ferrer-Quintero M, Fernández D, López-Carrilero R, Birulés I, Barajas A, Lorente-Rovira E, Luengo A, Díaz-Cutraro L, Verdaguer M, García-Mieres H, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Grasa E, Pousa E, Huerta-Ramos E, Pélaez T, Barrigón ML, Gómez-Benito J, González-Higueras F, Ruiz-Delgado I, Cid J, Moritz S, Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones J, Ochoa S. Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1169-1181. [PMID: 35802165 PMCID: PMC9508015 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex differences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with first-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profile analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specific male profile characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specific female profile characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profile seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological deficits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may benefit from specific targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ferrer-Quintero
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Departament de Psicologia Social I Psicologia Quantitativa, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Fernández
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain ,Serra Húnter Fellow. Department of Statistics and Operations Research (DEIO), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, 08028 Spain ,Institute of Mathematics of UPC - BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - R. López-Carrilero
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Birulés
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Departament de Psicologia Social I Psicologia Quantitativa, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Barajas
- Departament de Psicologia, Facultat de Psicologia Clínica I de La Salut. Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ,Department of Research, Centre d’Higiene Mental Les Corts, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Lorente-Rovira
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Luengo
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - L. Díaz-Cutraro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,COMSAL research group, FPCEE, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Verdaguer
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Departament de Psicologia, Facultat de Psicologia Clínica I de La Salut. Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ,Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - H. García-Mieres
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gutiérrez-Zotes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E. Grasa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Pousa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain ,Salut Mental Parc Taulí. Sabadell (Barcelona), Hospital Universitari–UAB Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,Neuropsiquiatria I Addicions, Hospital del Mar. IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Huerta-Ramos
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Pélaez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. L. Barrigón
- Departament of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain ,Psychiatry Service, Area de Gestión Sanitaria Sur Granada, Motril, Granada, Spain
| | - J. Gómez-Benito
- Departament de Psicologia Social I Psicologia Quantitativa, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain , GEIMAC, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - I. Ruiz-Delgado
- Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria Malaga Norte, Malaga, Spain
| | - J. Cid
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group. IdiBGi. Institut d’Assistencia Sanitària, Girona, Spain
| | - S. Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - S. Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregats, Dr. Pujades 42. Sant Boi de Llobregat 08830, Barcelona, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Askland KD, Strong D, Wright MN, Moore JH. The Translational Machine: A novel machine-learning approach to illuminate complex genetic architectures. Genet Epidemiol 2021; 45:485-536. [PMID: 33942369 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Translational Machine (TM) is a machine learning (ML)-based analytic pipeline that translates genotypic/variant call data into biologically contextualized features that richly characterize complex variant architectures and permit greater interpretability and biological replication. It also reduces potentially confounding effects of population substructure on outcome prediction. The TM consists of three main components. First, replicable but flexible feature engineering procedures translate genome-scale data into biologically informative features that appropriately contextualize simple variant calls/genotypes within biological and functional contexts. Second, model-free, nonparametric ML-based feature filtering procedures empirically reduce dimensionality and noise of both original genotype calls and engineered features. Third, a powerful ML algorithm for feature selection is used to differentiate risk variant contributions across variant frequency and functional prediction spectra. The TM simultaneously evaluates potential contributions of variants operative under polygenic and heterogeneous models of genetic architecture. Our TM enables integration of biological information (e.g., genomic annotations) within conceptual frameworks akin to geneset-/pathways-based and collapsing methods, but overcomes some of these methods' limitations. The full TM pipeline is executed in R. Our approach and initial findings from its application to a whole-exome schizophrenia case-control data set are presented. These TM procedures extend the findings of the primary investigation and yield novel results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Askland
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care Penetanguishene, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marvin N Wright
- Department Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Germany
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Fallah H, Azari I, Neishabouri SM, Oskooei VK, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Sex-specific up-regulation of lncRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12737. [PMID: 31484957 PMCID: PMC6726592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia as a common disabling psychiatric disorder has been associated with dysregulation of several genes and pathways among them are those being regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Based on the acknowledged roles of lncRNAs in neurodevelopment, in the current study, we assessed expression of six lncRNAs namely HOXA-AS2, Linc-ROR, MALAT1, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 in peripheral blood of 60 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy subjects. HOXA-AS2, Linc-ROR, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 levels were significantly higher in total patients compared with total controls. However, when evaluating expression of genes in sex-based subgroups, the differences in the expression of these lncRNAs were significant only among females. Assessment of partial correlation between expression of lncRNAs and age of study participants after controlling the effect of sex, revealed significant correlations for HOXA-AS2, MALAT1 and UCA1 in both patients and controls. Besides, expressions of Linc-ROR and SPRY4-IT1 were correlated with age only in patients. Significant pairwise correlations were recognized between expression levels of lncRNAs in both patients with schizophrenia and controls. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, SPRY4-IT1 had the best performance in differentiation of female patients with schizophrenia from female controls (AUC = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Combination of Linc-ROR, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1 and UCA1 expression levels could differentiate female patients with 95.2% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity and diagnostic power of 0.88 (P < 0.0001). The current study suggests the presence of a sex-based dysregulation of lncRNAs in patients with schizophrenia and their possible application as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Fallah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Azari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Kholghi Oskooei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Kedlian VR, Donertas HM, Thornton JM. The widespread increase in inter-individual variability of gene expression in the human brain with age. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2253-2280. [PMID: 31003228 PMCID: PMC6520006 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is broadly defined as a time-dependent progressive decline in the functional and physiological integrity of organisms. Previous studies and evolutionary theories of aging suggest that aging is not a programmed process but reflects dynamic stochastic events. In this study, we test whether transcriptional noise shows an increase with age, which would be expected from stochastic theories. Using human brain transcriptome dataset, we analyzed the heterogeneity in the transcriptome for individual genes and functional pathways, employing different analysis methods and pre-processing steps. We show that unlike expression level changes, changes in heterogeneity are highly dependent on the methodology and the underlying assumptions. Although the particular set of genes that can be characterized as differentially variable is highly dependent on the methods, we observe a consistent increase in heterogeneity at every level, independent of the method. In particular, we demonstrate a weak but reproducible transcriptome-wide shift towards an increase in heterogeneity, with twice as many genes significantly increasing as opposed to decreasing their heterogeneity. Furthermore, this pattern of increasing heterogeneity is not specific but is associated with a wide range of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika R. Kedlian
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
- Current Address - Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Handan Melike Donertas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Janet M. Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
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