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Smith MC, O'Loughlin J, Karageorgiou V, Casanova F, Williams GKR, Hilton M, Tyrrell J. The genetics of falling susceptibility and identification of causal risk factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19493. [PMID: 37945700 PMCID: PMC10636011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Falls represent a huge health and economic burden. Whilst many factors are associated with fall risk (e.g. obesity and physical inactivity) there is limited evidence for the causal role of these risk factors. Here, we used hospital and general practitioner records in UK Biobank, deriving a balance specific fall phenotype in 20,789 cases and 180,658 controls, performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) and used Mendelian Randomisation (MR) to test causal pathways. GWAS indicated a small but significant SNP-based heritability (4.4%), identifying one variant (rs429358) in APOE at genome-wide significance (P < 5e-8). MR provided evidence for a causal role of higher BMI on higher fall risk even in the absence of adverse metabolic consequences. Depression and neuroticism predicted higher risk of falling, whilst higher hand grip strength and physical activity were protective. Our findings suggest promoting lower BMI, higher physical activity as well as psychological health is likely to reduce falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C Smith
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica O'Loughlin
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Vasileios Karageorgiou
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Francesco Casanova
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Genevieve K R Williams
- Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Malcolm Hilton
- Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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2
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Miao J, Lan T, Guo H, Wang J, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang P, Li H, Zhang C, Wang Y, Li X, Miao M. Characterization of SHARPIN knockout Syrian hamsters developed using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:489-498. [PMID: 36097701 PMCID: PMC10614123 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHARPIN (SHANK-associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. METHODS A single-guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All the offspring harbored germline-transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild-type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN-/- hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted in SHARPIN-/- hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophil infiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagi were obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless, the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4, and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. The expression of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB protein significantly diminished in SHARPIN-/- animals. CONCLUSIONS A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tianfeng Lan
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Li
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryHami Central HospitalHamiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Xiu‐Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of OtolaryngologyNew York Medical College and School of MedicineValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Park JY, Lee JJ, Lee Y, Lee D, Gim J, Farrer L, Lee KH, Won S. Machine learning-based quantification for disease uncertainty increases the statistical power of genetic association studies. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad534. [PMID: 37665736 PMCID: PMC10539075 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Allowance for increasingly large samples is a key to identify the association of genetic variants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Accordingly, we aimed to develop a method that incorporates patients with mild cognitive impairment and unknown cognitive status in GWAS using a machine learning-based AD prediction model. RESULTS Simulation analyses showed that weighting imputed phenotypes method increased the statistical power compared to ordinary logistic regression using only AD cases and controls. Applied to real-world data, the penalized logistic method had the highest AUC (0.96) for AD prediction and weighting imputed phenotypes method performed well in terms of power. We identified an association (P<5.0×10-8) of AD with several variants in the APOE region and rs143625563 in LMX1A. Our method, which allows the inclusion of individuals with mild cognitive impairment, improves the statistical power of GWAS for AD. We discovered a novel association with LMX1A. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Simulation codes can be accessed at https://github.com/Junkkkk/wGEE_GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Neurozen Inc., Seoul 06168, Korea
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Younghwa Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, and Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- RexSoft Inc, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA, Foroud T, Mayeux R. A global view of the genetic basis of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:261-277. [PMID: 37024647 PMCID: PMC10686263 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increases with age, family history and informative genetic variants. Sadly, there is still no cure or means of prevention. As in other complex diseases, uncovering genetic causes of AD could identify underlying pathological mechanisms and lead to potential treatments. Rare, autosomal dominant forms of AD occur in middle age as a result of highly penetrant genetic mutations, but the most common form of AD occurs later in life. Large-scale, genome-wide analyses indicate that 70 or more genes or loci contribute to AD. One of the major factors limiting progress is that most genetic data have been obtained from non-Hispanic white individuals in Europe and North America, preventing the development of personalized approaches to AD in individuals of other ethnicities. Fortunately, emerging genetic data from other regions - including Africa, Asia, India and South America - are now providing information on the disease from a broader range of ethnicities. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on AD genetics in populations across the world. We predominantly focus on replicated genetic discoveries but also include studies in ethnic groups where replication might not be feasible. We attempt to identify gaps that need to be addressed to achieve a complete picture of the genetic and molecular factors that drive AD in individuals across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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Sato Y, Terawaki S, Oikawa D, Shimizu K, Okina Y, Ito H, Tokunaga F. Involvement of heterologous ubiquitination including linear ubiquitination in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1089213. [PMID: 36726375 PMCID: PMC9884707 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1089213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the progressive accumulation of ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic inclusions leads to proteinopathy and neurodegeneration. Along with the seven types of Lys-linked ubiquitin chains, the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated Met1-linked linear ubiquitin chain, which activates the canonical NF-κB pathway, is also involved in cytoplasmic inclusions of tau in AD and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in ALS. Post-translational modifications, including heterologous ubiquitination, affect proteasomal and autophagic degradation, inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SHARPIN and RBCK1 (which encodes HOIL-1L), components of LUBAC, were recently identified as genetic risk factors of AD. A structural biological simulation suggested that most of the SHARPIN SNPs that cause an amino acid replacement affect the structure and function of SHARPIN. Thus, the aberrant LUBAC activity is related to AD. Protein ubiquitination and ubiquitin-binding proteins, such as ubiquilin 2 and NEMO, facilitate liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and linear ubiquitination seems to promote efficient LLPS. Therefore, the development of therapeutic approaches that target ubiquitination, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and inhibitors of ubiquitin ligases, including LUBAC, is expected to be an additional effective strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Seigo Terawaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan,*Correspondence: Fuminori Tokunaga,
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Neuroprotective effects of linear ubiquitin E3 ligase against aging-induced DNA damage and amyloid β neurotoxicity in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Kaltschmidt B, Helweg LP, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C. NF-κB in neurodegenerative diseases: Recent evidence from human genetics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:954541. [PMID: 35983068 PMCID: PMC9380593 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.954541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is commonly known to drive inflammation and cancer progression, but is also a crucial regulator of a broad range of cellular processes within the mammalian nervous system. In the present review, we provide an overview on the role of NF-κB in the nervous system particularly including its constitutive activity within cortical and hippocampal regions, neuroprotection as well as learning and memory. Our discussion further emphasizes the increasing role of human genetics in neurodegenerative disorders, namely, germline mutations leading to defects in NF-κB-signaling. In particular, we propose that loss of function mutations upstream of NF-κB such as ADAM17, SHARPIN, HOIL, or OTULIN affect NF-κB-activity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, in turn driving anatomical defects such as shrinkage of entorhinal cortex and the limbic system in early AD. Similarly, E3 type ubiquitin ligase PARKIN is positively involved in NF-κB signaling. PARKIN loss of function mutations are most frequently observed in Parkinson’s disease patients. In contrast to AD, relying on germline mutations of week alleles and a disease development over decades, somatic mutations affecting NF-κB activation are commonly observed in cells derived from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Here, our present review particularly sheds light on the mutual exclusion of either the deletion of NFKBIA or amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM, both resulting in constitutive NF-κB-activity driving tumorigenesis. We also discuss emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs such as HOTAIR in suppressing phosphorylation of IκBα in the context of GBM. In summary, the recent progress in the genetic analysis of patients, particularly those suffering from AD, harbors the potential to open up new vistas for research and therapy based on TNFα/NF-κB pathway and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) (FBMB E.V.), Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Faculty, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Barbara Kaltschmidt,
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) (FBMB E.V.), Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Faculty, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) (FBMB E.V.), Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Faculty, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) (FBMB E.V.), Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Faculty, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Linear ubiquitination in immune and neurodegenerative diseases, and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:799-811. [PMID: 35343567 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates numerous aspects of biology via a complex ubiquitin code. The linear ubiquitin chain is an atypical code that forms a unique structure, with the C-terminal tail of the distal ubiquitin linked to the N-terminal Met1 of the proximal ubiquitin. Thus far, LUBAC is the only known ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically generates linear ubiquitin chains. LUBAC-induced linear ubiquitin chains regulate inflammatory responses, cell death and immunity. Genetically modified mouse models and cellular assays have revealed that LUBAC is also involved in embryonic development in mice. LUBAC dysfunction is associated with autoimmune diseases, myopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the roles of linear ubiquitin chains and LUBAC in immune and neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss LUBAC inhibitors and their potential as therapeutics for these diseases.
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