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Shao X, Dong Z, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Guo H. Quantum dots-based multiplexed immunosensors for accurate diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116096. [PMID: 38484638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks objective diagnostic markers. In clinical settings, reliance on subjective judgments can often lead to missed or misdiagnoses. Some biomarkers have been reported to be associated with ADHD, but using one biomarker alone is not enough. To address this, we developed a fluorescent immunoassay platform based on quantum dots (QDs) to detect assay capable of detecting and quantifying multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Specifically, we were able to the simultaneously detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and ferritin using different emission spectra QDs. The QD-based multiplexed immunoassay displayed a low detection of limit in the range of 0.021-0.068 pg/mL, and the assay showed satisfactory reproducibility and precision. We then quantified all four targets from ADHD patient's plasma samples, where it showed remarkable consistency with clinical test for ADHD diagnosis. This methodological comparison supports the diagnosis of ADHD using our assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shao
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China.
| | - Zhao Dong
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Yunyun Qiao
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
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Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Niswender CM. Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109897. [PMID: 38462041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology. Despite their effectiveness in many individuals, almost one-third of patients do not respond to stimulant treatments and the long-term negative side effects of these medications remain unclear. Emerging clinical evidence is beginning to highlight an important role of dysregulated excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in ADHD. These deficits in E/I balance are related to functional abnormalities in glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) signaling in the brain, with increasing emphasis placed on GABAergic interneurons driving specific aspects of ADHD pathophysiology. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also highlighted how genes associated with GABA function are mutated in human populations with ADHD, resulting in the generation of several new genetic mouse models of ADHD. This review will discuss how GABAergic dysfunction underlies ADHD pathophysiology, and how specific receptors/proteins related to GABAergic interneuron dysfunction may be pharmacologically targeted to treat ADHD in subpopulations with specific comorbidities and symptom domains. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Parlatini V, Bellato A, Gabellone A, Margari L, Marzulli L, Matera E, Petruzzelli MG, Solmi M, Correll CU, Cortese S. A state-of-the-art overview of candidate diagnostic biomarkers for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:259-271. [PMID: 38506617 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2333277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions and is highly heterogeneous in terms of symptom profile, associated cognitive deficits, comorbidities, and outcomes. Heterogeneity may also affect the ability to recognize and diagnose this condition. The diagnosis of ADHD is primarily clinical but there are increasing research efforts aiming at identifying biomarkers that can aid the diagnosis. AREAS COVERED We first discuss the definition of biomarkers and the necessary research steps from discovery to implementation. We then provide a broad overview of research studies on candidate diagnostic biomarkers in ADHD encompassing genetic/epigenetic, biochemical, neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological techniques. Finally, we critically appraise current limitations in the field and suggest possible ways forward. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large number of studies and variety of techniques used, no promising biomarkers have been identified so far. Clinical and biological heterogeneity as well as methodological limitations, including small sample size, lack of standardization, confounding factors, and poor replicability, have hampered progress in the field. Going forward, increased international collaborative efforts are warranted to support larger and more robustly designed studies, develop multimodal datasets to combine biomarkers and improve diagnostic accuracy, and ensure reproducibility and meaningful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Bellato
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Mind and Neurodevelopment (MiND) Research Cluster, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alessandra Gabellone
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Matera
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- The Ottawa Hospital, Mental Health Department, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang DW, Johnstone SJ, Sauce B, Arns M, Sun L, Jiang H. Remote neurocognitive interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - Opportunities and challenges. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110802. [PMID: 37257770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving neurocognitive functions through remote interventions has been a promising approach to developing new treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Remote neurocognitive interventions may address the shortcomings of the current prevailing pharmacological therapies for AD/HD, e.g., side effects and access barriers. Here we review the current options for remote neurocognitive interventions to reduce AD/HD symptoms, including cognitive training, EEG neurofeedback training, transcranial electrical stimulation, and external cranial nerve stimulation. We begin with an overview of the neurocognitive deficits in AD/HD to identify the targets for developing interventions. The role of neuroplasticity in each intervention is then highlighted due to its essential role in facilitating neuropsychological adaptations. Following this, each intervention type is discussed in terms of the critical details of the intervention protocols, the role of neuroplasticity, and the available evidence. Finally, we offer suggestions for future directions in terms of optimizing the existing intervention protocols and developing novel protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology/Center for Place-Based Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Stuart J Johnstone
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; NeuroCare Group, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Jiang
- College of Special Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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LUDYGA SEBASTIAN, HANKE MANUEL, LEUENBERGER RAHEL, BRUGGISSER FABIENNE, PÜHSE UWE, GERBER MARKUS, LEMOLA SAKARI, CAPONE-MORI ANDREA, KEUTLER CLEMENS, BROTZMANN MARK, WEBER PETER. Martial Arts and Cognitive Control in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Children Born Very Preterm: A Combined Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:777-786. [PMID: 36728805 PMCID: PMC10090288 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very preterm birth and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with impairments in response inhibition that often persist beyond childhood. Athletes skilled in martial arts show a neurocognitive profile that is associated with an improved inhibition processing stream, suggesting that engagement in this kind of sport has the potential to reduce impairments in this cognitive function. We investigated the behavioral and neurocognitive effects of judo training on response inhibition in children born very preterm and children with ADHD by a combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials. METHODS In both the CHIPMANC ( n = 65) and JETPAC ( n = 63) studies, participants were randomly allocated to a waitlist or a 12-wk judo training program in a 1:1 ratio. At pretest and posttest, participants completed a Go/NoGo task, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and a physical work capacity test on a bicycle ergometer. During the cognitive task, event-related potentials (N2, P3a, P3b) were recorded via electroencephalography. RESULTS The effects of the judo training were moderated by the study group. In contrast to children with ADHD (JETPAC), judo training reduced the commission error rate on the Go/NoGo task and increased the P3a amplitude in children born very preterm (CHIPMANC). No treatment effects were found for N2, P3b and physical fitness outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The neurodevelopmental condition influences the cognitive benefits of judo training. Whereas judo may be ineffective in children with ADHD, children born very preterm can expect improved response inhibition due to a more effective engagement of focal attention to resolve the task-related response conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- SEBASTIAN LUDYGA
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - MANUEL HANKE
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - RAHEL LEUENBERGER
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - FABIENNE BRUGGISSER
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - UWE PÜHSE
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - MARKUS GERBER
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - SAKARI LEMOLA
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, GERMANY
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - ANDREA CAPONE-MORI
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Kantonsspital Aarau, Clinic for Children and Teenagers, Aarau, SWITZERLAND
| | - CLEMENS KEUTLER
- St. Elisabethen Krankenhaus Lörrach, Clinic of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lörrach, GERMANY
| | - MARK BROTZMANN
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, University Children’s Hospital, Basel, SWITZERLAND
| | - PETER WEBER
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, University Children’s Hospital, Basel, SWITZERLAND
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Agnew-Blais J, Michelini G. Taking stock of the present and looking to the future of ADHD research: a commentary on Sonuga-Barke et al. (2023). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:533-536. [PMID: 36702791 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The review by Sonuga-Barke and colleagues offers a thoughtful and wide-ranging appraisal of the current state of ADHD research, while also looking into the future to consider unresolved questions and critical next steps. Furthermore, it grapples with the tension between the need to define a coherent conceptualisation of ADHD for clinical and research purposes, while keeping an open mind to new research that challenges current consensus. In our commentary, we consider several cross-cutting ideas discussed in Sonuga-Barke et al., including the heterogeneous nature of ADHD, ensuring equity of translational research, and the importance of participatory research to support equitable and acceptable clinical practices for all individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Agnew-Blais
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Skogstrand K, Borbye-Lorenzen N, Bækvad-Hansen M, Lausten-Thomsen U. Editorial: Biomarkers to predict, prevent and find the appropriate treatments of disorders in childhood. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1093198. [PMID: 36507127 PMCID: PMC9727377 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1093198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Skogstrand
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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