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Peng AY, Lee BE. Microphysiological Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Development. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300077. [PMID: 37409385 PMCID: PMC10770294 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy focuses on the use of patients' adaptive immune systems to combat cancer. In the past decade, FDA has approved many immunotherapy products for cancer patients who suffer from primary tumors, tumor relapse, and metastases. However, these immunotherapies still show resistance in many patients and often lead to inconsistent responses in patients due to variations in tumor genetic mutations and tumor immune microenvironment. Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip technologies or microphysiological systems have opened new ways that can provide relatively fast screening for personalized immunotherapy and help researchers and clinicians understand tumor-immune interactions in a patient-specific manner. They also have the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug screening and testing, given the models provide a more realistic 3D microenvironment with better controllability, reproducibility, and physiological relevance. This review focuses on the cutting-edge microphysiological organ-on-a-chip devices developed in recent years for studying cancer immunity and testing cancer immunotherapeutic agents, as well as some of the largest challenges of translating this technology to clinical applications in immunotherapy and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yansong Peng
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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2
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Zhang J, Du B, Wang Y, Cui Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li X. The role of CD8 PET imaging in guiding cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428541. [PMID: 39072335 PMCID: PMC11272484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy is being widely used for treating cancers. However, the significant heterogeneity in patient responses is a major challenge for its successful application. CD8-positive T cells (CD8+ T cells) play a critical role in immunotherapy. Both their infiltration and functional status in tumors contribute to treatment outcomes. Therefore, accurate monitoring of CD8+ T cells, a potential biomarker, may improve therapeutic strategy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an optimal option which can provide molecular imaging with enhanced specificity. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of CD8+ T cells in immunotherapy, and highlights the recent advancements in PET-based tracers that can visualize CD8+ T cells and discusses their clinical applications to elucidate their potential role in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaming Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuena Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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Xiao H, Li X, Liang S, Yang S, Han S, Huang J, Shuai X, Ren J. Dual-Responsive Nanomedicine Activates Programmed Antitumor Immunity through Targeting Lymphatic System. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11070-11083. [PMID: 38639726 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Effective antitumor immunotherapy depends on evoking a cascade of cancer-immune cycles with lymph nodes (LNs) as the initial sites for activating antitumor immunity, making drug administration through the lymphatic system highly attractive. Here, we describe a nanomedicine with dual responsiveness to pH and enzyme for a programmed activation of antitumor immune through the lymphatic system. The proposed nanomedicine can release the STING agonist diABZI-C2-NH2 in the LNs' acidic environment to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. Then, the remaining nanomedicine hitchhikes on the activated T cells (PD-1+ T cells) through binding to PD-1, resulting in an effective delivery into tumor tissues owing to the tumor-homing capacity of PD-1+ T cells. The enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) being enriched in tumor tissue triggers the release of PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) which exerts immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Eventually, the nanomedicine delivers a DNA methylation inhibitor GSK-3484862 (GSK) into tumor cells, and then the latter combines with granzyme B (GZMB) to trigger tumor cell pyroptosis. Consequently, the pyroptotic tumor cells induce robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhancing the DCs maturation and initiating the cascading antitumor immune response. Study on a 4T1 breast tumor mouse model demonstrates the prominent antitumor therapeutic outcome of this nanomedicine through creating a positive feedback loop of cancer-immunity cycles including immune activation in LNs, T cell-mediated drug delivery, ICB therapy, and tumor cell pyroptosis-featured ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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4
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Abizanda-Campo S, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Humayun M, Marmol I, Beebe DJ, Ochoa I, Oliván S, Ayuso JM. Microphysiological systems for solid tumor immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:154. [PMID: 38106674 PMCID: PMC10724276 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy remains more effective for hematologic tumors than for solid tumors. One of the main challenges to immunotherapy of solid tumors is the immunosuppressive microenvironment these tumors generate, which limits the cytotoxic capabilities of immune effector cells (e.g., cytotoxic T and natural killer cells). This microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, accumulated waste products, and acidic pH. Tumor-hijacked cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and T regulatory cells, also contribute to this inhospitable microenvironment for immune cells by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines that suppress the antitumor immune response and lead to immune evasion. Thus, there is a strong interest in developing new drugs and cell formulations that modulate the tumor microenvironment and reduce tumor cell immune evasion. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are versatile tools that may accelerate the development and evaluation of these therapies, although specific examples showcasing the potential of MPSs remain rare. Advances in microtechnologies have led to the development of sophisticated microfluidic devices used to recapitulate tumor complexity. The resulting models, also known as microphysiological systems (MPSs), are versatile tools with which to decipher the molecular mechanisms driving immune cell antitumor cytotoxicity, immune cell exhaustion, and immune cell exclusion and to evaluate new targeted immunotherapies. Here, we review existing microphysiological platforms to study immuno-oncological applications and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abizanda-Campo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ines Marmol
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David J Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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Lu X, Cheng H, Xu Q, Tan X. Encapsulation of STING Agonist cGAMP with Folic Acid-Conjugated Liposomes Significantly Enhances Antitumor Pharmacodynamic Effect. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:543-557. [PMID: 33719535 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: 2',3'-cGAMP (2',3'-cyclic AMP-GMP) has been reported as an agonist of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway. However, cGAMP has poor membrane permeability and can be hydrolyzed by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP1), limiting its ability to activate the STING-IRF3 pathway. This study aimed to investigate that the folate-targeted liposomal cGAMP could overcome the defects of free cGAMP to enhance the antitumor effect. Materials and Methods: cGAMP was encapsulated in PEGylated folic acid-targeted liposomes to construct a carrier-delivered formulation. The particle size and morphology were detected by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The sustained-release ability was measured by drug release and pharmacokinetics. Animal models were applied to evaluate the tumor inhibition efficiency in vivo. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of immune cells, secreted cytokines, and target genes. The activation of the STING-IRF3 pathway was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results: Physical characters of liposomes revealed that the prepared liposomes were stable in neutral humoral environments and released more internal drugs in acidic tumor tissues. Systemic therapy with liposomes on Colorectal 26 tumor-bearing mice in vivo effectively inhibited tumor growth via stimulating the expression of CD8+ T cells and reversed the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME). Conclusions: The study suggests that the folic acid-targeted cGAMP-loaded liposomes deliver drugs to the TME to enhance the STING agonist activity, improving the efficiency of tumor therapy via the cGAMP-STING-IRF3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yu Q, Zhang H, Song Y, Chen C, Chen J, Shen J. Dissociated response to PD-1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors: a single-center experience. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:228. [PMID: 37501167 PMCID: PMC10373239 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death 1/anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) combined with radiotherapy (RT) has a synergistic effect on systemic tumor control. A dissociated response (DR), characterized by some lesions shrinking and others growing, has been recognized with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or combination therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical benefit of DR in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitors in combination with RT. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors receiving PD-1 inhibitor combined with RT at the Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University. Treatment response was assessed for each measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours ( RECIST) v 1.1 guidelines. Patterns of response are divided into four groups: (1) DR, (2) uniform response, (3) uniform progression, and (4) only stable lesions. The overall survival (OS) of different groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests. RESULTS Between March 2019 and July 2022, 93 patients were included. The median follow-up was 10.5 months (95% CI 8.8-12.1). The most common tumor types were lung cancer (19.8%), colorectal adenocarcinoma (17.2%), and esophageal cancer (10.8%). DR was observed in 22 (23.7%) patients. The uniform progression and DR are two different patterns of progression. After confirming progression, the overall survival of patients with DR was significantly longer than that of patients with uniform progression (9.9 months (95%CI 5.7-14.1) vs. 4.2 months (95%CI 1.9-6.5), P = 0.028). Compared with DR patients who did not continue PD-1 inhibitor combined with RT or PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (n = 12), DR patients who continued treatment (n = 10) had significantly longer OS (15.7 (95%CI 3.5-27.9) vs 8.2 (95%CI 5.6-10.8) months, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS DR is not uncommon (23.7%) in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with RT and shows a relatively favorable prognosis. Some patients with DR may benefit from continued PD-1 inhibitor therapy in combination with RT or PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and may have longer OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Affiliated Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Jieshou City People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Affiliated Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai, 224200, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Affiliated Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China.
| | - Junkang Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Imaging Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No 1055 Sanxiang Road, Soochow, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Lauriola A, Davalli P, Marverti G, Santi S, Caporali A, D'Arca D. Targeting the Interplay of Independent Cellular Pathways and Immunity: A Challenge in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113009. [PMID: 37296972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that exploits the capacity of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and remove cancer. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and significantly improved patient outcomes for several tumor types. However, most patients have not benefited from such therapies yet. Within the field of cancer immunotherapy, an expansion of the combination strategy that targets independent cellular pathways that can work synergistically is predicted. Here, we review some consequences of tumor cell death and increased immune system engagement in the modulation of oxidative stress and ubiquitin ligase pathways. We also indicate combinations of cancer immunotherapies and immunomodulatory targets. Additionally, we discuss imaging techniques, which are crucial for monitoring tumor responses during treatment and the immunotherapy side effects. Finally, the major outstanding questions are also presented, and directions for future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lauriola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Davalli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaetano Marverti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporali
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Domenico D'Arca
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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8
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Cousin F, Louis T, Dheur S, Aboubakar F, Ghaye B, Occhipinti M, Vos W, Bottari F, Paulus A, Sibille A, Vaillant F, Duysinx B, Guiot J, Hustinx R. Radiomics and Delta-Radiomics Signatures to Predict Response and Survival in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071968. [PMID: 37046629 PMCID: PMC10093736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the potential role of CT-based radiomics in predicting treatment response and survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We retrospectively included 188 patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors from two independent centers. Radiomics analysis was performed on pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT. A delta-radiomics analysis was also conducted on a subset of 160 patients who underwent a follow-up contrast-enhanced CT after 2 to 4 treatment cycles. Linear and random forest (RF) models were tested to predict response at 6 months and overall survival. Models based on clinical parameters only and combined clinical and radiomics models were also tested and compared to the radiomics and delta-radiomics models. The RF delta-radiomics model showed the best performance for response prediction with an AUC of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.65−0.95) on the external test dataset. The Cox regression delta-radiomics model was the most accurate at predicting survival with a concordance index of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56−0.80) (p = 0.02). The baseline CT radiomics signatures did not show any significant results for treatment response prediction or survival. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the ability of a CT-based delta-radiomics signature to identify early on patients with NSCLC who were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Cousin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-475972109
| | - Thomas Louis
- Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dheur
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Aboubakar
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Benoit Ghaye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vos
- Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Astrid Paulus
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Sibille
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédérique Vaillant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Duysinx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Guiot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, University Hospital (CHU) of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Capaccione KM, Valiplackal JP, Huang A, Roa T, Fruauff A, Liou C, Kim E, Khurana S, Maher M, Ma H, Ngyuen P, Mak S, Dumeer S, Lala S, D'souza B, Laifer-Narin S, Desperito E, Ruzal-Shapiro C, Salvatore MM. Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Multimodality Pictorial Review. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:1869-1884. [PMID: 35382975 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are drugs that modulate the body's own immune system as an anticancer strategy. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies interfere with cell surface binding proteins that function to promote self-recognition and tolerance, ultimately leading to upregulation of the immune response. Given the striking success of these agents in early trials in melanoma and lung cancer, they have now been studied in many types of cancer and have become a pillar of anticancer therapy for many tumor types. However, abundant upregulation results in a new class of side effects, known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). It is critical for the practicing radiologist to be able to recognize these events to best contribute to care for patients on checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive system-based review of immune-related adverse events and associated imaging findings. Further, we detail the best imaging modalities for each as well as describe problem solving modalities. Given that IRAEs can be subclinical before becoming clinically apparent, radiologists may be the first provider to recognize them, providing an opportunity for early treatment. Awareness of IRAEs and how to best image them will prepare radiologists to make a meaningful contribution to patient care as part of the clinical team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032.
| | - Jacienta P Valiplackal
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Alice Huang
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Tina Roa
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Alana Fruauff
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Connie Liou
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Eleanor Kim
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Sakshi Khurana
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Mary Maher
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Pamela Ngyuen
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Serena Mak
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Shifali Dumeer
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Sonali Lala
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Belinda D'souza
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Sherelle Laifer-Narin
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Carrie Ruzal-Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Mary M Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168(th) Street, New York, New York, 10032
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10
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Tang WJ, Yao W, Jin Z, Kong QC, Hu WK, Liang YS, Chen LX, Chen SY, Zhang QQ, Wei XH, Xu XD, Guo Y, Jiang XQ. Evaluation of the Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mice by Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1912-1923. [PMID: 35499275 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monitoring of immunotherapies is still based on changes in the tumor size in imaging, with a long evaluation period and low sensitivity. PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in assessing the therapeutic efficacy of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy in a mouse triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL A total of 54 BALB/c mouse subcutaneous 4 T1 transplantation models of TNBC. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0-T; turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted imaging, DKI with seven b values (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 sec/mm2 ) and T1-twist DCE acquisition series. ASSESSMENT DKI and DCE-MRI parameters were evaluated by two radiologists independently. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually on the maximum cross-sectional area of the lesion; care was taken to avoid necrotic areas. The tumor cell density, the CD45 and CD31 levels were analyzed by two pathologists. STATISTICAL TESTS The two-tailed unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation coefficient were performed. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), Ktrans and Kep values were significantly different between the two groups at each time point after treatment. There were significant differences in the mean kurtosis (MK) and Ve values between the two groups at 5 and 10 days after treatment but no significant differences at 15 days (P = 0.317 and 0.183, respectively). The ADC and MD values were significantly correlated with tumor cell density (ADC, r = -0.833; MD, r = 0.890) and the CD45 level (ADC, r = 0.720; MD, r = 0.718). The Ktrans and Kep values were significantly correlated with the CD31 level (Ktrans , r = 0.820; Kep , r = 0.683). DATA CONCLUSION DKI and DCE-MRI could reflect the changes in tumor microstructure and tumor tissue vasculature after anti-PD-1 therapy, respectively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Tang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qing-Cong Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wen-Ke Hu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yun-Shi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Lei-Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Xin-Qing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
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11
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Gautam SK, Basu S, Aithal A, Dwivedi NV, Gulati M, Jain M. Regulation of pancreatic cancer therapy resistance by chemokines. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:69-80. [PMID: 36064086 PMCID: PMC10370390 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by high resistance and poor response to chemotherapy. In addition, the poorly immunogenic pancreatic tumors constitute an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that render immunotherapy-based approaches ineffective. Understanding the mechanisms of therapy resistance, identifying new targets, and developing effective strategies to overcome resistance can significantly impact the management of PDAC patients. Chemokines are small soluble factors that are significantly deregulated during PDAC pathogenesis, contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, immune cell trafficking, and therapy resistance. Thus far, different chemokine pathways have been explored as therapeutic targets in PDAC, with some promising results in recent clinical trials. Particularly, immunotherapies such as immune check point blockade therapies and CAR-T cell therapies have shown promising results when combined with chemokine targeted therapies. Considering the emerging pathological and clinical significance of chemokines in PDAC, we reviewed major chemokine-regulated pathways leading to therapy resistance and the ongoing endeavors to target chemokine signaling in PDAC. This review discusses the role of chemokines in regulating therapy resistance in PDAC and highlights the continuing efforts to target chemokine-regulated pathways to improve the efficacy of various treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Soumi Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Nidhi V Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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12
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Li W, Le NN, Onishi N, Newitt DC, Wilmes LJ, Gibbs JE, Carmona-Bozo J, Liang J, Partridge SC, Price ER, Joe BN, Kornak J, Magbanua MJM, Nanda R, LeStage B, Esserman LJ, I-Spy Imaging Working Group, I-Spy Investigator Network, Van't Veer LJ, Hylton NM. Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4436. [PMID: 36139594 PMCID: PMC9497087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that a change in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured in diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is an independent imaging marker, and ADC performs better than functional tumor volume (FTV) for assessing treatment response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. A total of 249 patients were randomized to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pembrolizumab (pembro) or without pembrolizumab (control). DCE-MRI and DWI, performed prior to and 3 weeks after the start of treatment, were analyzed. Percent changes of tumor ADC metrics (mean, 5th to 95th percentiles of ADC histogram) and FTV were evaluated for the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) using a logistic regression model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) estimated for the percent change in mean ADC was higher in the pembro cohort (0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 to 0.93) than in the control cohort (0.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.83). In the control cohort, the percent change of the 95th percentile ADC achieved the highest AUC, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.85). In the pembro cohort, the percent change of the 25th percentile ADC achieved the highest AUC, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.95). AUCs estimated for percent change of FTV were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.83) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.85) for the pembro and control cohorts, respectively. Tumor ADC may perform better than FTV to predict pCR at an early treatment time-point during neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nu N Le
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Natsuko Onishi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David C Newitt
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa J Wilmes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica E Gibbs
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Julia Carmona-Bozo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiachao Liang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Savannah C Partridge
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, DC 98109, USA
| | - Elissa R Price
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bonnie N Joe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John Kornak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark Jesus M Magbanua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Barbara LeStage
- I-SPY 2 Advocacy Group, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - I-Spy Investigator Network
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, DC 98109, USA
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nola M Hylton
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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13
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Liu K, Zhao S, Li J, Zheng Y, Wu H, Kong J, Shen Z. Knowledge mapping and research hotspots of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: A text-mining study from 2002 to 2021. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969217. [PMID: 35967367 PMCID: PMC9367473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urological malignancies, and because early-stage RCC is asymptomatic, many patients present metastatic diseases at first diagnosis. With the development of immunotherapy, the treatment of RCC has entered a new stage and has made a series of progress. This study mainly outlines the knowledge map and detects the potential research hotspots by using bibliometric analysis. Methods Publications concerning RCC immunotherapy from 2002 to 2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection were collected. Visualization and statistical analysis were mainly performed by freeware tools VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R software, and Microsoft Office Excel 2019. Results A total of 3,432 papers were collected in this study, and the annual number of papers and citations showed a steady growth trend. The United States is the leading country with the most high-quality publications and is also the country with the most international cooperation. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is the most productive organization. The Journal of Clinical Oncology is the highest co-cited journal, and Brian I. Rini is both the most prolific author and the author with the largest centrality. The current research hotspots may be focused on “immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs),” “PD-1,” and “mammalian target of rapamycin.” Conclusion Immunotherapy has a bright future in the field of RCC treatment, among which ICIs are one of the most important research hotspots. The main future research directions of ICI-based immunotherapy may focus on combination therapy, ICI monotherapy, and the development of new predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Seling Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yikun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Wu, ; Jianqiu Kong, ; Zefeng Shen,
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Wu, ; Jianqiu Kong, ; Zefeng Shen,
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyang Wu, ; Jianqiu Kong, ; Zefeng Shen,
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14
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Lau SP, van 't Land FR, van der Burg SH, Homs MYV, Lolkema MP, Aerts JGJV, van Eijck CHJ. Safety and tumour-specific immunological responses of combined dendritic cell vaccination and anti-CD40 agonistic antibody treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: protocol for a phase I, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation study (REACtiVe-2 trial). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060431. [PMID: 35710239 PMCID: PMC9207896 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dismal and conventional chemotherapy treatment delivers limited survival improvement. Immunotherapy may complement our current treatment strategies. We previously demonstrated that the combination of an allogeneic tumour-lysate dendritic cell (DC) vaccine with an anti-CD40 agonistic antibody resulted in robust antitumour responses with survival benefit in a murine PDAC model. In the Rotterdam PancrEAtic Cancer Vaccination-2 trial, we aim to translate our findings into patients. This study will determine the safety of DC/anti-CD40 agonistic antibody combination treatment, and treatment-induced tumour-specific immunological responses. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this open-label, single-centre (Erasmus Univsersity Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands), single-arm, phase I dose finding study, adult patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer with progressive disease after FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy will receive monocyte-derived DCs loaded with an allogeneic tumour lysate in conjunction with a CD40 agonistic antibody. This combination-immunotherapy regimen will be administered three times every 2 weeks, and booster treatments will be given after 3 and 6 months following the third injection. A minimum of 12 and a maximum of 18 patients will be included. The primary endpoint is safety and tolerability of the combination immunotherapy. To determine the maximum tolerated dose, DCs will be given at a fixed dosage and anti-CD40 agonist in a traditional 3+3 dose-escalation design. Secondary endpoints include radiographic response according to the RECIST (V.1.1) and iRECIST criteria, and the detection of antitumour specific immune responses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO; NL76592.000.21) and the Medical Ethics Committee (METC; MEC-2021-0566) of the Erasmus M.C. University Medical Center Rotterdam approved the conduct of the trial. Written informed consent will be required for all participants. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL9723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ping Lau
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Hydroxycholesterol substitution in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to T cells. J Control Release 2022; 347:521-532. [PMID: 35569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA, to immune cells has become a major focus in the past decade with ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerging as a clinically-validated delivery platform. LNPs-typically composed of ionizable lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and polyethylene glycol lipids -have been designed and optimized for a variety of applications including cancer therapies, vaccines, and gene editing. However, LNPs have only recently been investigated for delivery to T cells, which has various therapeutic applications including the engineering of T cell immunotherapies. While several LNP formulations have been evaluated for mRNA delivery, recent work has demonstrated that the utilization of cholesterol analogs may enhance mRNA delivery. Other studies have shown that cholesterols modified with hydroxyl groups can alter endocytic recycling mechanisms. Here, we engineered a library of LNPs incorporating hydroxycholesterols to evaluate their impact on mRNA delivery to T cells by leveraging endosomal trafficking mechanisms. Substitution of 25% and 50% 7α-hydroxycholesterol for cholesterol in LNPs enhanced mRNA delivery to primary human T cells ex vivo by 1.8-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively. Investigation of endosomal trafficking revealed that these modifications also increase late endosome production and reduce the presence of recycling endosomes. These results suggest that hydroxyl modification of cholesterol molecules incorporated into LNP formulations provides a mechanism for improving delivery of nucleic acid cargo to T cells for a range of immunotherapy applications.
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16
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Ciraolo E, Althoff S, Ruß J, Rosnev S, Butze M, Pühl M, Frentsch M, Bullinger L, Na IK. Simultaneous Genetic Ablation of PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in CD8 T Cells Delays Tumor Growth and Improves Survival Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063207. [PMID: 35328630 PMCID: PMC8955581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represented a step forward in improving the outcome of patients with various refractory solid tumors and several therapeutic regimens incorporating ICI have already been approved for a variety of tumor entities. However, besides remarkable long-term responses, checkpoint inhibition can trigger severe immune-related adverse events in some patients. In order to improve safety of ICI as well as T cell therapy, we tested the feasibility of combining T cell-based immunotherapy with genetic disruption of checkpoint molecule expression. Therefore, we generated H-Y and ovalbumin antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with abolished PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 expression through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CD8+ T cells, subjected to PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 genetic editing, showed a strong reduction in immune checkpoint molecule expression after in vitro activation, while no relevant reduction in responsiveness to in vitro stimulation was observed. At the same time, in B16-OVA tumor model, transferred genetically edited OT-1 CD8+ T cells promoted longer survival compared to control T cells and showed enhanced expansion without associated toxicity. Our study supports the notion that antigen-specific adoptive T cell therapy with concomitant genetic disruption of multiple checkpoint inhibitory receptors could represent an effective antitumor immunotherapy approach with improved tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ciraolo
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Stefanie Althoff
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Josefine Ruß
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Stanislav Rosnev
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (M.F.)
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique Butze
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Miriam Pühl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Marco Frentsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (M.F.)
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (M.F.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.); (S.A.); (J.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (L.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (M.F.)
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Assessing the Future of Solid Tumor Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030655. [PMID: 35327456 PMCID: PMC8945484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a major improvement in patient’s quality of life and survival. The growth of cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed our understanding of the basics of cancer biology and has altered the standards of care (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) for patients. Cancer immunotherapy has generated significant excitement with the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in particular. Clinical results using CAR-T for hematological malignancies have led to the approval of four CD19-targeted and one B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted cell therapy products by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Also, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as antibodies against Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1), Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1), and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have shown promising therapeutic outcomes and long-lasting clinical effect in several tumor types and patients who are refractory to other treatments. Despite these promising results, the success of cancer immunotherapy in solid tumors has been limited due to several barriers, which include immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inefficient trafficking, and heterogeneity of tumor antigens. This is further compounded by the high intra-tumoral pressure of solid tumors, which presents an additional challenge to successfully delivering treatments to solid tumors. In this review, we will outline and propose specific approaches that may overcome these immunological and physical barriers to improve the outcomes in solid tumor patients receiving immunotherapies.
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Liu L, Liu Z, Meng L, Li L, Gao J, Yu S, Hu B, Yang H, Guo W, Zhang S. An Integrated Fibrosis Signature for Predicting Survival and Immunotherapy Efficacy of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:766609. [PMID: 34970594 PMCID: PMC8712696 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.766609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fibrosis, a primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is intimately associated with inflammation, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and multiple carcinogenic pathways. Currently, due to widespread inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of HCC, the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited. Seeking a stable and novel tool to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response is imperative. Methods: Using stepwise Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and random survival forest algorithms, the fibrosis-associated signature (FAIS) was developed and further validated. Subsequently, comprehensive exploration was conducted to identify distinct genomic alterations, clinical features, biological functions, and immune landscapes of HCC patients. Results: The FAIS was an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival and recurrence-free survival in HCC. In parallel, the FAIS exhibited stable and accurate performance at predicting prognosis based on the evaluation of Kaplan-Meier survival curves, receiver operator characteristic curves, decision curve analysis, and Harrell's C-index. Further investigation elucidated that the high-risk group presented an inferior prognosis with advanced clinical traits and a high mutation frequency of TP53, whereas the low-risk group was characterized by superior CD8+ T cell infiltration, a higher TIS score, and a lower TIDE score. Additionally, patients in the low-risk group might yield more benefits from immunotherapy. Conclusion: The FAIS was an excellent scoring system that could stratify HCC patients and might serve as a promising tool to guide surveillance, improve prognosis, and facilitate clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shizhe Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
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Papasotiriou I, Hatzidaki E. Personalized dendritic cell vaccination in cancer therapy: An evidence-based research study. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 19:S52-S58. [PMID: 37147983 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_522_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Although chemotherapy is considered to be the golden standard, it does not come without a price. Toxicities and resistance are frequently limiting its effectiveness. Immunotherapy has emerged as a safer therapeutic alternative but still has a long way until it has proven to be of equal efficacy. A type of immunotherapy is dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Aims and Objectives We have developed a novel platform for the generation of autologous DCs that have been activated against peptides that are personalized for each patient individually. The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate this platform. Materials and Methods Our platform and our algorithm for the determination of the immunogenic peptides has been tested. DC generation was verified both morphologically and by CD80/86 expression. Peptide antigenicity was determined using a number of T-cell epitope prediction algorithms. Response to therapy was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria by the doctors involved. Immune status was also evaluated before and after DC vaccination and correlated with circulated tumor cell count. Results It was found that DC vaccine increased immune activation while correlated with decreased circulating tumor cell counts. Clinical evaluation by the determination of immune markers may be a superior tool than using RECIST criteria. Conclusion Dendritic cell therapies could prove to be a valuable tool in cancer treatment.
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20
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Chai LF, Hardaway JC, Heatherton KR, O'Connell KP, LaPorte JP, Guha P, Lopes MC, Rabinowitz BA, Jaroch D, Cox BF, Knight R, Katz SC. Regional Delivery of CAR-T Effectively Controls Tumor Growth in Colorectal Liver Metastasis Model. J Surg Res 2021; 272:37-50. [PMID: 34929499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of solid tumors requires multi-modality approaches. In many patients with stage IV liver disease, current treatments are not curative. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) are an intriguing option following success in hematological malignancies, but this has not been translated to solid tumors. Limitations include sub-optimal delivery and elevated interstitial fluid pressures. We developed a murine model to test the impact of high-pressure regional delivery (HPRD) on trafficking to liver metastases (LM) and tumor response. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAR-T were generated from CD45.1 mice and adoptively transferred into LM-bearing CD45.2 mice via regional or systemic delivery (RD, SD). Trafficking, tumor growth, and toxicity were evaluated with flow cytometry, tumor bioluminescence (TB, photons/sec log2-foldover baseline), and liver function tests (LFTs). RESULTS RD of CAR-T was more effective at controlling tumor growth versus SD from post-treatment days (PTD) 2-7 (P = 0.002). HPRD resulted in increased CAR-T penetration versus low-pressure RD (LPRD, P = 0.004), suppression of tumor proliferation (P = 0.03), and trended toward improved long-term control at PTD17 (TB=3.7 versus 6.1, P = 0.47). No LFT increase was noted utilizing HPRD versus LPRD (AST/ALT P = 0.65/0.84) while improved LFTs in RD versus SD groups suggested better tumor control (HPRD AST/ALT P = 0.04/0.04, LPRD AST/ALT P = 0.02/0.02). CONCLUSIONS Cellular immunotherapy is an emerging option for solid tumors. Our model suggests RD and HPRD improved CAR-T penetration into solid tumors with improved short-term tumor control. Barriers associated with SD can be overcome using RD techniques to maximize therapeutic delivery and HPRD may further augment efficacy without increased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis F Chai
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island.
| | - John C Hardaway
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Kara R Heatherton
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Kyle P O'Connell
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Jason P LaPorte
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Prajna Guha
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Mikayla C Lopes
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - Benjamin A Rabinowitz
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island
| | - David Jaroch
- TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc, Westminster, Colorado
| | - Bryan F Cox
- TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc, Westminster, Colorado
| | | | - Steven C Katz
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Providence Rhode Island; Boston University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Boston Massachusetts
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21
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Xie P, Zheng H, Chen H, Wei K, Pan X, Xu Q, Wang Y, Tang C, Gevaert O, Meng X. Tumor response as defined by iRECIST in gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors and correlation with survival. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1246. [PMID: 34798858 PMCID: PMC8605503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical tumor response patterns during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy pose a challenge to clinicians and investigators in immuno-oncology practice. This study evaluated tumor burden dynamics to identify imaging biomarkers for treatment response and overall survival (OS) in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled a total of 198 target lesions in 75 patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between January 2017 and March 2021. Tumor diameter changes as defined by immunotherapy Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) were studied to determine treatment response and association with OS. RESULTS Based on the best overall response, the tumor diameter ranged from - 100 to + 135.3% (median: - 9.6%). The overall response rate was 32.0% (24/75), and the rate of durable disease control for at least 6 months was 30.7% (23/75, one (iCR, immune complete response) or 20 iPR (immune partial response), or 2iSD (immune stable disease). Using univariate analysis, patients with a tumor diameter maintaining a < 20% increase (48/75, 64.0%) from baseline had longer OS than those with ≥20% increase (27/75, 36.0%) and, a reduced risk of death (median OS: 80 months vs. 48 months, HR = 0.22, P = 0.034). The differences in age (HR = 1.09, P = 0.01), combined surgery (HR = 0.15, P = 0.01) and cancer type (HR = 0.23, P = 0.001) were significant. In multivariable analysis, patients with a tumor diameter with a < 20% increase had notably reduced hazards of death (HR = 0.15, P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, combined surgery, KRAS status, cancer type, mismatch repair (MMR) status, treatment course and cancer differentiation. Two patients (2.7%) showed pseudoprogression. CONCLUSIONS Tumor diameter with a < 20% increase from baseline during therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies was associated with therapeutic benefit and longer OS and may serve as a practical imaging marker for treatment response, clinical outcome and treatment decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaikai Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Ximin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinmei Xu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No.305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Changguan Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Liu Z, Liu L, Guo C, Yu S, Meng L, Zhou X, Han X. Tumor suppressor gene mutations correlate with prognosis and immunotherapy benefit in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108340. [PMID: 34789428 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor microenvironment (TME) has profound impacts on prognosis and immunotherapy. The TME can be altered by the genomic mutations on specific tumor-suppressor genes (TSG), thus, comprehending the association between TME and TSG in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is imperative. METHODS With a total of 1699 HCC patients from 6 international multicenter cohorts, we delineated the mutational landscape of TSG and summarized the proportion of TSG mutated HCC in different countries. Using the genomic and transcriptomic data, we comprehensively explored the impacts of TSG mutations on TME and immunity in HCC. A dataset of 31 HCC patients from the cBioPortal database was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of TSG subtypes for immunotherapy response. RESULTS Interestingly, TSG non-mutated HCC will have more "immune-hot" tumors, and display the infiltration abundance of immune cells such as B cell, CD4+/CD8+T cell, and neutrophil. Moreover, TSG non-mutated HCC was characterized by the higher expression level of three immune checkpoints, including CD40, CD40LG, and TNFRSF4. In line with the TME characterization and immune checkpoint profiles, TSG non-mutated HCC displayed prolonged overall survival and relapse-free survival, notably, are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested the TSG subtypes could serve as a promising biomarker for guiding surveillance protocol and immunotherapeutic decisions for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - ChunGuang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Sun Yu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xueliang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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23
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Yan C, Yang Q, Zhang S, Millar DG, Alpert EJ, Do D, Veloso A, Brunson DC, Drapkin BJ, Stanzione M, Scarfò I, Moore JC, Iyer S, Qin Q, Wei Y, McCarthy KM, Rawls JF, Dyson NJ, Cobbold M, Maus MV, Langenau DM. Single-cell imaging of T cell immunotherapy responses in vivo. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210314. [PMID: 34415995 PMCID: PMC8383813 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment for a subset of cancers. Yet, a major hurdle has been the lack of facile and predicative preclinical animal models that permit dynamic visualization of T cell immune responses at single-cell resolution in vivo. Here, optically clear immunocompromised zebrafish were engrafted with fluorescent-labeled human cancers along with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), and antibody peptide epitope conjugates (APECs), allowing real-time single-cell visualization of T cell-based immunotherapies in vivo. This work uncovered important differences in the kinetics of T cell infiltration, tumor cell engagement, and killing between these immunotherapies and established early endpoint analysis to predict therapy responses. We also established EGFR-targeted immunotherapies as a powerful approach to kill rhabdomyosarcoma muscle cancers, providing strong preclinical rationale for assessing a wider array of T cell immunotherapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - David G. Millar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Eric J. Alpert
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel Do
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alexandra Veloso
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dalton C. Brunson
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Benjamin J. Drapkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Marcello Stanzione
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Irene Scarfò
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - John C. Moore
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Qian Qin
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yun Wei
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Karin M. McCarthy
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Nick J. Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mark Cobbold
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Marcela V. Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - David M. Langenau
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Research Institute, Charlestown, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
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24
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Jahan N, Ghouse SM, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091740. [PMID: 34578321 PMCID: PMC8473045 DOI: 10.3390/v13091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be genetically altered to acquire oncolytic properties so that oncolytic HSV (oHSV) preferentially replicates in and kills cancer cells, while sparing normal cells, and inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Over the last three decades, a better understanding of HSV genes and functions, and improved genetic-engineering techniques led to the development of oHSV as a novel immunovirotherapy. The concept of in situ cancer vaccination (ISCV) was first introduced when oHSV was found to induce a specific systemic anti-tumor immune response with an abscopal effect on non-injected tumors, in the process of directly killing tumor cells. Thus, the use of oHSV for tumor vaccination in situ is antigen-agnostic. The research and development of oHSVs have moved rapidly, with the field of oncolytic viruses invigorated by the FDA/EMA approval of oHSV talimogene laherparepvec in 2015 for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Immunovirotherapy can be enhanced by arming oHSV with immunomodulatory transgenes and/or using them in combination with other chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. This review offers an overview of the development of oHSV as an agent for ISCV against solid tumors, describing the multitude of different oHSVs and their efficacy in immunocompetent mouse models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Shanawaz M. Ghouse
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Robert L. Martuza
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN-3800, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Regional Delivery of Anti-PD-1 Agent for Colorectal Liver Metastases Improves Therapeutic Index and Anti-Tumor Activity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080807. [PMID: 34451932 PMCID: PMC8402391 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic liver tumors have presented challenges with the use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), with only limited success. We hypothesize that regional delivery (RD) of CPIs can improve activity in the liver and minimize systemic exposure, thereby reducing immune-related adverse events (irAE). Using a murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastases (LM), we confirmed high levels of PD-L1 expression on the tumor cells and liver myeloid-derived suppressor cells (L-MDSC). In vivo, we detected improved LM response at 3 mg/kg on PTD7 via portal vein (PV) regional delivery as compared to 3 mg/kg via tail vein (TV) systemic delivery (p = 0.04). The minimal effective dose at PTD7 was 5 mg/kg (p = 0.01) via TV and 0.3 mg/kg (p = 0.02) via PV. We detected 6.7-fold lower circulating CPI antibody levels in the serum using the 0.3 mg/kg PV treatment compared to the 5 mg/kg TV cohort (p < 0.001) without increased liver toxicity. Additionally, 3 mg/kg PV treatment resulted in increased tumor cell apoptotic signaling compared to 5 mg/kg TV (p < 0.05). Therefore, RD of an anti-PD-1 CPI therapy for CRCLM may improve the therapeutic index by reducing the total dose required and limiting the systemic exposure. These advantages could expand CPI indications for liver tumors.
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26
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Zhou JG, Donaubauer AJ, Frey B, Becker I, Rutzner S, Eckstein M, Sun R, Ma H, Schubert P, Schweizer C, Fietkau R, Deutsch E, Gaipl U, Hecht M. Prospective development and validation of a liquid immune profile-based signature (LIPS) to predict response of patients with recurrent/metastatic cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001845. [PMID: 33593828 PMCID: PMC7888377 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The predictive power of novel biological markers for treatment response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is still not satisfactory for the majority of patients with cancer. One should identify valid predictive markers in the peripheral blood, as this is easily available before and during treatment. The current interim analysis of patients of the ST-ICI cohort therefore focuses on the development and validation of a liquid immune profile-based signature (LIPS) to predict response of patients with metastatic cancer to ICI targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. Methods A total of 104 patients were prospectively enrolled. 54 immune cell subsets were prospectively analyzed in patients’ peripheral blood by multicolor flow cytometry before treatment with ICI (pre-ICI; n=89), and after the first application of ICI (n=65). Pre-ICI, patients were randomly allocated to a training (n=56) and a validation cohort (n=33). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox model were used to create a predictive immune signature, which was also checked after the first ICI, to consider the dynamics of changes in the immune status. Results Whole blood samples were provided by 89 patients pre-ICI and by 65 patients after the first ICI. We identified a LIPS which is based on five immune cell subtypes: CD14high monocytes, CD8+/PD-1+ T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, neutrophils, and CD3+/CD56+/CD16+ natural killer (NK)T cells. The signature achieved a high accuracy (C-index 0.74 vs 0.71) for predicting overall survival (OS) benefit in both the training and the validation cohort. In both cohorts, the low-risk group had significantly longer OS than the high-risk group (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.56, p=0.00025; HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.91, p=0.024, respectively). Regarding the whole cohort, LIPS also predicted progression-free survival (PFS). The identified LIPS was not affected by clinicopathological features with the exception of brain metastases. NKT cells and neutrophils of the LIPS can be used as dynamic predictive biomarkers for OS and PFS after first administration of the ICI. Conclusion Our study identified a predictive LIPS for survival of patients with cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 ICI, which is based on immune cell subsets in the peripheral whole blood. Trial registration number NCT03453892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Rutzner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy - CentraleSupélec - TheraPanacea Center of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France
| | - Hu Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Philipp Schubert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schweizer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy - CentraleSupélec - TheraPanacea Center of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM1030 Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France
| | - Udo Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Kamran SC, Zietman AL. Curing Metastatic Disease With Ablative Radiation Therapy: Separating Truth From Wish. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 107:433-436. [PMID: 32531389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.02.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Kamran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Anthony L Zietman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Bergamino Sirvén M, Pernas S, Cheang MCU. Lights and Shadows in Immuno-Oncology Drug Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:691. [PMID: 33572060 PMCID: PMC7915946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving landscape of immuno-oncology (IO) is redefining the treatment of a number of cancer types. IO treatments are becoming increasingly complex, with different types of drugs emerging beyond checkpoint inhibitors. However, many of the new drugs either do not progress from phase I-II clinical trials or even fail in late-phase trials. We have identified at least five areas in the development of promising IO treatments that should be redefined for more efficient designs and accelerated approvals. Here we review those critical aspects of IO drug development that could be optimized for more successful outcome rates in all cancer types. It is important to focus our efforts on the mechanisms of action, types of response and adverse events of these novel agents. The use of appropriate clinical trial designs with robust biomarkers of response and surrogate endpoints will undoubtedly facilitate the development and subsequent approval of these drugs. Further research is also needed to establish biomarker-driven strategies to select which patients may benefit from immunotherapy and identify potential mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Bergamino Sirvén
- Clinical Studies and Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Breast Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maggie C. U. Cheang
- Clinical Studies and Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
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29
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Wu Y, Chen D, Lu Y, Dong SC, Ma R, Tang WY, Wu JQ, Feng JF, Wu JZ. A new immunotherapy strategy targeted CD30 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: CAR-modified T-cell therapy based on CD30 mAb. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:167-177. [PMID: 33514882 PMCID: PMC8850188 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) has shown remarkable efficacy in treating tumors of lymphopoietic origin. Herein, we demonstrate an effective CAR-T cell treatment for recurrent and malignant CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) has been demonstrated. The extracellular fragment gene sequences of CD30 were obtained from tumor tissues of PTCL patients and cloned into a plasmid vector to express the CD30 antigen. The CD30 targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) was obtained from CD30-positive monoclonal hybridoma cells, which were obtained from CD30 antigen immunized mice. After a second-generation of CAR lentiviral construction, CD30 CAR T cells were produced and used to determine the cytotoxicity of this construct toward Karpas 299 cells. The results of CD30 CAR T-mediated cell lysis show that 9C11-2 CAR T cells could significantly promote the lysis of CD30-positive Karpas 299 cells in both LDH and real-time cell electronic sensing (RTCA) assays. In vivo data show that 9C11-2 CAR T cells effectively suppress the tumor growth in a Karpas 299 cell xenograft NCG mouse model. The CD30 CAR T cells exhibited an efficient cytotoxic effect after being co-cultured with the target cells and they also exhibited a significant tumor-inhibiting ability after being intravenously injected into PTCL xenograft tumors; these observations suggest that the new CD30 CAR-T cell may be a promising therapeutic candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ya Lu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Chen Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Feng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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30
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Korkaya H, Orsulic S. Editorial: The Tumor Microenvironment: Recent Advances and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586176. [PMID: 33043018 PMCID: PMC7527742 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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31
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Rauwerdink DJW, Molina G, Frederick DT, Sharova T, van der Hage J, Cohen S, Boland GM. Mixed Response to Immunotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3488-3497. [PMID: 32472413 PMCID: PMC7410859 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has improved overall survival in metastatic melanoma. Response to therapy can be difficult to evaluate as the traditionally used RECIST 1.1 criteria do not capture heterogeneous responses. Here we describe the clinical characterization of melanoma patients with a clinically defined mixed response to immunotherapy. Methods This was a single institution, retrospective analysis of stage IV melanoma patients who received first-line anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, or combination anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD1. Therapy response was assessed via clinical definitions, which consisted of cross-sectional imaging combined with clinical exam. Course of disease, clinicopathological characteristics, and management in patients with a mixed clinical response were analyzed.
Results In 292 patients (anti-CTLA4 = 63; anti-PD1 = 148, anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 = 81), 103 were responders (35%), 64 mixed responders (22%), and 125 patients had progressive disease (43%). Of patients with a mixed response, 56% eventually had response to therapy (mixed response followed by response, MR–R), while 31% progressed on therapy (MR–NR). MR–NR patients had higher median LDH (p < 0.01), 3 or more organ sites with metastases (p < 0.01), and more frequently had M1d disease (p < 0.01). Mixed responders who underwent surgery (n = 20) had a significantly longer mean OS compared to patients who did not undergo surgery (6.9 years, 95% CI 6.2–7.6 vs. 6.0 years, 95% CI 4.6–7.3, p = 0.02). Discussion Mixed response to immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma was not uncommon in our cohort (22%). Clinical characteristics associated with progression of disease after initial mixed response included higher LDH, brain metastases, and ≥ 3 organ sites with metastases. Surgical treatment for highly selected patients with a mixed response was associated with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Jan Willem Rauwerdink
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, RC, The Netherlands
| | - George Molina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennie Tompers Frederick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Sharova
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jos van der Hage
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve Marie Boland
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Boston, MA, USA.
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