1
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Chiou S, Al-Ani AH, Pan Y, Patel KM, Kong IY, Whitehead LW, Light A, Young SN, Barrios M, Sargeant C, Rajasekhar P, Zhu L, Hempel A, Lin A, Rickard JA, Hall C, Gangatirkar P, Yip RK, Cawthorne W, Jacobsen AV, Horne CR, Martin KR, Ioannidis LJ, Hansen DS, Day J, Wicks IP, Law C, Ritchie ME, Bowden R, Hildebrand JM, O'Reilly LA, Silke J, Giulino-Roth L, Tsui E, Rogers KL, Hawkins ED, Christensen B, Murphy JM, Samson AL. An immunohistochemical atlas of necroptotic pathway expression. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1717-1749. [PMID: 38750308 PMCID: PMC11250867 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic form of regulated cell death reported to contribute to inflammatory diseases of the gut, skin and lung, as well as ischemic-reperfusion injuries of the kidney, heart and brain. However, precise identification of the cells and tissues that undergo necroptotic cell death in vivo has proven challenging in the absence of robust protocols for immunohistochemical detection. Here, we provide automated immunohistochemistry protocols to detect core necroptosis regulators - Caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL - in formalin-fixed mouse and human tissues. We observed surprising heterogeneity in protein expression within tissues, whereby short-lived immune barrier cells were replete with necroptotic effectors, whereas long-lived cells lacked RIPK3 or MLKL expression. Local changes in the expression of necroptotic effectors occurred in response to insults such as inflammation, dysbiosis or immune challenge, consistent with necroptosis being dysregulated in disease contexts. These methods will facilitate the precise localisation and evaluation of necroptotic signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shene Chiou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Aysha H Al-Ani
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yi Pan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Isabella Y Kong
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Lachlan W Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amanda Light
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marilou Barrios
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Callum Sargeant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rajasekhar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leah Zhu
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne Hempel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ann Lin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - James A Rickard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Raymond Kh Yip
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Wayne Cawthorne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katherine R Martin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisa J Ioannidis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Diana S Hansen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Charity Law
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rory Bowden
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisa Giulino-Roth
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Ellen Tsui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
| | - André L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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2
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Solon M, Ge N, Hambro S, Haller S, Jiang J, Baca M, Preston J, Maltzman A, Wickliffe KE, Liang Y, Reja R, Nickles D, Newton K, Webster JD. ZBP1 and TRIF trigger lethal necroptosis in mice lacking caspase-8 and TNFR1. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:672-682. [PMID: 38548850 PMCID: PMC11093969 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic form of cell death that is mediated by the kinase RIPK3 and the pseudokinase MLKL when caspase-8 is inhibited downstream of death receptors, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR4, and the intracellular Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1. Oligomerization and activation of RIPK3 is driven by interactions with the kinase RIPK1, the TLR adaptor TRIF, or ZBP1. In this study, we use immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays to generate a tissue atlas characterizing RIPK1, RIPK3, Mlkl, and ZBP1 expression in mouse tissues. RIPK1, RIPK3, and Mlkl were co-expressed in most immune cell populations, endothelial cells, and many barrier epithelia. ZBP1 was expressed in many immune populations, but had more variable expression in epithelia compared to RIPK1, RIPK3, and Mlkl. Intriguingly, expression of ZBP1 was elevated in Casp8-/- Tnfr1-/- embryos prior to their succumbing to aberrant necroptosis around embryonic day 15 (E15). ZBP1 contributed to this embryonic lethality because rare Casp8-/- Tnfr1-/- Zbp1-/- mice survived until after birth. Necroptosis mediated by TRIF contributed to the demise of Casp8-/- Tnfr1-/- Zbp1-/- pups in the perinatal period. Of note, Casp8-/- Tnfr1-/- Trif-/- Zbp1-/- mice exhibited autoinflammation and morbidity, typically within 5-7 weeks of being born, which is not seen in Casp8-/- Ripk1-/- Trif-/- Zbp1-/-, Casp8-/- Ripk3-/-, or Casp8-/- Mlkl-/- mice. Therefore, after birth, loss of caspase-8 probably unleashes RIPK1-dependent necroptosis driven by death receptors other than TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Solon
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Nianfeng Ge
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shannon Hambro
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Susan Haller
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Miriam Baca
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jessica Preston
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Allie Maltzman
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Katherine E Wickliffe
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rohit Reja
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Dorothee Nickles
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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3
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Bernier-Latmani J, González-Loyola A, Petrova TV. Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20222008. [PMID: 38051275 PMCID: PMC10697212 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal vasculature has been studied for the last 100 years, and its essential role in absorbing and distributing ingested nutrients is well known. Recently, fascinating new insights into the organization, molecular mechanisms, and functions of intestinal vessels have emerged. These include maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell function, coping with microbiota-induced inflammatory pressure, recruiting gut-specific immune cells, and crosstalk with other organs. Intestinal function is also regulated at the systemic and cellular levels, such that the postprandial hyperemic response can direct up to 30% of systemic blood to gut vessels, while micron-sized endothelial cell fenestrations are necessary for nutrient uptake. In this review, we will highlight past discoveries made about intestinal vasculature in the context of new findings of molecular mechanisms underpinning gut function. Such comprehensive understanding of the system will pave the way to breakthroughs in nutrient uptake optimization, drug delivery efficiency, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Meng Y, Garnish SE, Davies KA, Black KA, Leis AP, Horne CR, Hildebrand JM, Hoblos H, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Dite T, Dagley LF, Venkat A, Kannan N, Koide A, Koide S, Glukhova A, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Phosphorylation-dependent pseudokinase domain dimerization drives full-length MLKL oligomerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6804. [PMID: 37884510 PMCID: PMC10603135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The necroptosis pathway is a lytic, pro-inflammatory mode of cell death that is widely implicated in human disease, including renal, pulmonary, gut and skin inflammatory pathologies. The precise mechanism of the terminal steps in the pathway, where the RIPK3 kinase phosphorylates and triggers a conformation change and oligomerization of the terminal pathway effector, MLKL, are only emerging. Here, we structurally identify RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the human MLKL activation loop as a cue for MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization. MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization subsequently drives formation of elongated homotetramers. Negative stain electron microscopy and modelling support nucleation of the MLKL tetramer assembly by a central coiled coil formed by the extended, ~80 Å brace helix that connects the pseudokinase and executioner four-helix bundle domains. Mutational data assert MLKL tetramerization as an essential prerequisite step to enable the release and reorganization of four-helix bundle domains for membrane permeabilization and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina A Black
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hanadi Hoblos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Dite
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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5
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Bu LL, Yuan HH, Xie LL, Guo MH, Liao DF, Zheng XL. New Dawn for Atherosclerosis: Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence and Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15160. [PMID: 37894840 PMCID: PMC10606899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner linings of blood vessels, and are directly exposed to endogenous hazard signals and metabolites in the circulatory system. The senescence and death of ECs are not only adverse outcomes, but also causal contributors to endothelial dysfunction, an early risk marker of atherosclerosis. The pathophysiological process of EC senescence involves both structural and functional changes and has been linked to various factors, including oxidative stress, dysregulated cell cycle, hyperuricemia, vascular inflammation, and aberrant metabolite sensing and signaling. Multiple forms of EC death have been documented in atherosclerosis, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC senescence or death in atherogenesis are not fully understood. To provide a comprehensive update on the subject, this review examines the historic and latest findings on the molecular mechanisms and functional alterations associated with EC senescence and death in different stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.-L.B.); (D.-F.L.)
| | - Huan-Huan Yuan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (H.-H.Y.); (L.-L.X.); (M.-H.G.)
| | - Ling-Li Xie
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (H.-H.Y.); (L.-L.X.); (M.-H.G.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Min-Hua Guo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (H.-H.Y.); (L.-L.X.); (M.-H.G.)
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.-L.B.); (D.-F.L.)
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. In recent years, it became clear that TNF drives inflammatory responses not only directly by inducing inflammatory gene expression but also indirectly by inducing cell death, instigating inflammatory immune reactions and disease development. Hence, inhibitors of cell death are being considered as a new therapy for TNF-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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