1
|
Balusu S, De Strooper B. The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:96. [PMID: 38852117 PMCID: PMC11162975 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Although apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis have been implicated in AD, none fully explains the extensive neuronal loss observed in AD brains. Recent evidence shows that necroptosis is abundant in AD, that necroptosis is closely linked to the appearance of Tau pathology, and that necroptosis markers accumulate in granulovacuolar neurodegeneration vesicles (GVD). We review here the neuron-specific activation of the granulovacuolar mediated neuronal-necroptosis pathway, the potential AD-relevant triggers upstream of this pathway, and the interaction of the necrosome with the endo-lysosomal pathway, possibly providing links to Tau pathology. In addition, we underscore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting necroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, as this presents a novel avenue for drug development targeting neuronal loss to preserve cognitive abilities. Such an approach seems particularly relevant when combined with amyloid-lowering drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Balusu
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang NP, DaPrano EM, Lindman M, Estevez I, Chou TW, Evans WR, Nissenbaum M, McCourt M, Alzate D, Atkins C, Kusnecov AW, Huda R, Daniels BP. Neuronal DAMPs exacerbate neurodegeneration via astrocytic RIPK3 signaling. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177002. [PMID: 38713518 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the ways in which dying neurons influence the activity of astrocytes is poorly understood. Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) signaling has recently been described as a key regulator of neuroinflammation, but whether this kinase mediates astrocytic responsiveness to neuronal death has not yet been studied. Here, we used the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease to show that activation of astrocytic RIPK3 drives dopaminergic cell death and axon damage. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that astrocytic RIPK3 promoted gene expression associated with neuroinflammation and movement disorders, and this coincided with significant engagement of damage-associated molecular pattern signaling. In mechanistic experiments, we showed that factors released from dying neurons signaled through receptor for advanced glycation endproducts to induce astrocytic RIPK3 signaling, which conferred inflammatory and neurotoxic functional activity. These findings highlight a mechanism of neuron-glia crosstalk in which neuronal death perpetuates further neurodegeneration by engaging inflammatory astrocyte activation via RIPK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafiq Huda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Regoni M, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Dopaminergic neuronal death via necroptosis in Parkinson's disease: A review of the literature. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1079-1098. [PMID: 37667848 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Several pathways of programmed cell death are likely to play a role in dopaminergic neuron death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, as well as cell death associated with proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron death could inform the design of drugs that promote neuron survival. Necroptosis is a recently characterized regulated cell death mechanism that exhibits morphological features common to both apoptosis and necrosis. It requires activation of an intracellular pathway involving receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1 kinase, RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein 3 kinase (RIP3 kinase, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). The potential involvement of this programmed cell death pathway in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied by analysing biomarkers for necroptosis, such as the levels and oligomerization of phosphorylated RIPK3 (pRIPK3) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL), in several PD preclinical models and in PD human tissue. Although there is evidence that other types of cell death also have a role in DA neuron death, most studies support the hypothesis that this cell death mechanism is activated in PD tissues. Drugs that prevent or reduce necroptosis may provide neuroprotection for PD. In this review, we summarize the findings from these studies. We also discuss how manipulating necroptosis might open a novel therapeutic approach to reduce neuronal degeneration in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang M, Yuan Y, Liu X. RIP3 in Necroptosis: Underlying Contributions to Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:245-257. [PMID: 37743445 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public safety issue that poses a threat to death, characterized by high fatality rates, severe injuries and low recovery rates. There is growing evidence that necroptosis regulates the pathophysiological processes of a variety of diseases, particularly those affecting the central nervous system. Thus, moderate necroptosis inhibition may be helpful in the management of TBI. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3 is a key mediator in the necroptosis, and its absence helps restore the microenvironment at the injured site and improve cognitive impairment after TBI. In this report, we review different domains of RIP3, multiple analyses of necroptosis, and associations between necroptosis and TBI, RIP3, RIP1, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like. Next, we elucidate the potential involvement of RIP3 in TBI and highlight how RIP3 deficiency enhances neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvxia Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiling Yuan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Xuehong Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang NP, DaPrano EM, Evans WR, Nissenbaum M, McCourt M, Alzate D, Lindman M, Chou TW, Atkins C, Kusnecov AW, Huda R, Daniels BP. Neuronal DAMPs exacerbate neurodegeneration via astrocytic RIPK3 signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550097. [PMID: 37546744 PMCID: PMC10401942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the ways in which dying neurons influence the activity of astrocytes is poorly understood. RIPK3 signaling has recently been described as a key regulator of neuroinflammation, but whether this kinase mediates astrocytic responsiveness to neuronal death has not yet been studied. Here, we used the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease to show that activation of astrocytic RIPK3 drives dopaminergic cell death and axon damage. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that astrocytic RIPK3 promoted gene expression associated with neuroinflammation and movement disorders, and this coincided with significant engagement of DAMP signaling. Using human cell culture systems, we show that factors released from dying neurons signal through RAGE to induce RIPK3-dependent astrocyte activation. These findings highlight a mechanism of neuron-glia crosstalk in which neuronal death perpetuates further neurodegeneration by engaging inflammatory astrocyte activation via RIPK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nydia P. Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Evan M. DaPrano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wesley R. Evans
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Micheal McCourt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Diego Alzate
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Rafiq Huda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Timechko EE, Yakimov AM, Paramonova AI, Usoltseva AA, Utyashev NP, Ivin NO, Utyasheva AA, Yakunina AV, Kalinin VA, Dmitrenko DV. Mass Spectrometry as a Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Tool for the Search for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11130. [PMID: 37446307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. Tissue reorganization at the site of the epileptogenic focus is accompanied by changes in the expression patterns of protein molecules. The study of mRNA and its corresponding proteins is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. Protein expression profiles do not always directly correlate with the levels of their transcripts; therefore, it is protein profiling that is no less important for understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological processes of TLE. The study and annotation of proteins that are statistically significantly different in patients with TLE is an approach to search for biomarkers of this disease, various stages of its development, as well as a method for searching for specific targets for the development of a further therapeutic strategy. When writing a systematic review, the following aggregators of scientific journals were used: MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Web of Science. Scientific articles were searched using the following keywords: "proteomic", "mass-spectrometry", "protein expression", "temporal lobe epilepsy", and "biomarkers". Publications from 2003 to the present have been analyzed. Studies of brain tissues, experimental models of epilepsy, as well as biological fluids, were analyzed. For each of the groups, aberrantly expressed proteins found in various studies were isolated. Most of the studies omitted important characteristics of the studied patients, such as: duration of illness, type and response to therapy, gender, etc. Proteins that overlap across different tissue types and different studies have been highlighted: DPYSL, SYT1, STMN1, APOE, NME1, and others. The most common biological processes for them were the positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly, the regulation of amyloid fibril formation, lipoprotein catabolic process, the positive regulation of vesicle fusion, the positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, removal of superoxide radicals, axon extension, and the regulation of actin filament depolymerization. MS-based proteomic profiling for a relevant study must accept a number of limitations, the most important of which is the need to compare different types of neurological and, in particular, epileptic disorders. Such a criterion could increase the specificity of the search work and, in the future, lead to the discovery of biomarkers for a particular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Timechko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey M Yakimov
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Paramonova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Usoltseva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nikita P Utyashev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita O Ivin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Utyasheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albina V Yakunina
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalinin
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Diana V Dmitrenko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng Y, Liao Y, Huang P, Yao Y, Liu W, Gu Y, Weng G. IRAK-M deficiency exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of sub-acute Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 2023; 34:463-470. [PMID: 37161987 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has proved that inflammatory responses aggravate the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to identify the role of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) as an important negative regulator of innate immunity, in the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection was administered to prepare the acute and sub-acute Parkinson's disease mouse models. Western blot analysis was utilized to examine the protein expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and IRAK-M. The mRNA expression levels of IRAK-M, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-β, and cyclooxygenase-2 were evaluated via using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in corpus striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the protein and mRNA levels of IRAK-M were considerably upregulated in corpus striatum and SNc tissues in the sub-acute Parkinson's disease model. Furthermore, IRAK-M knockout significantly enhanced the MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers in corpus striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in SNc, and intensified the effect of MPTP on the activation of microglial cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, sub-acute Parkinson's disease mice with IRAK-M deletion exhibited worse motor abilities than those of wild-type littermates. Overall, the present study suggested that IRAK-M reduces dopaminergic neuron damage in sub-acute Parkinson's disease by suppressing inflammation, which may provide a new therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Deng
- Neurointerventional Department, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan
| | - Yuangao Liao
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei
| | | | - Yujian Yao
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Guohu Weng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Hainan Clinical Center for Encephalopathy of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma C, Liu Y, Li S, Ma C, Huang J, Wen S, Yang S, Wang B. Microglial cGAS drives neuroinflammation in the MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36914567 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been widely accepted as a cause of the degenerative process. Increasing interest has been devoted to developing intervening therapeutics for preventing neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is well known that virus infections, including DNA viruses, are associated with an increased risk of PD. In addition, damaged or dying dopaminergic neurons can release dsDNA during PD progression. However, the role of cGAS, a cytosolic dsDNA sensor, in PD progression remains unclear. METHODS Adult male wild-type mice and age-matched male cGAS knockout (cGas-/- ) mice were treated with MPTP to induce neurotoxic PD model, and then behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were conducted to compare disease phenotype. Chimeric mice were reconstituted to explore the effects of cGAS deficiency in peripheral immune cells or CNS resident cells on MPTP-induced toxicity. RNA sequencing was used to dissect the mechanistic role of microglial cGAS in MPTP-induced toxicity. cGAS inhibitor administration was conducted to study whether GAS may serve as a therapeutic target. RESULTS We observed that the cGAS-STING pathway was activated during neuroinflammation in MPTP mouse models of PD. cGAS deficiency in microglia, but not peripheral immune cells, controlled neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity induced by MPTP. Mechanistically, microglial cGAS ablation alleviated the neuronal dysfunction and inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by inhibiting antiviral inflammatory signaling. Additionally, the administration of cGAS inhibitors conferred the mice neuroprotection during MPTP exposure. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings demonstrate microglial cGAS promote neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during the progression of MPTP-induced PD mouse models and suggest cGAS may serve as a therapeutic target for PD patients. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Although we demonstrated that cGAS promotes the progression of MPTP-induced PD, this study has limitations. We identified that cGAS in microglia accelerate disease progression of PD by using bone marrow chimeric experiments and analyzing cGAS expression in CNS cells, but evidence would be more straightforward if conditional knockout mice were used. This study contributed to the knowledge of the role of the cGAS pathway in PD pathogenesis; nevertheless, trying more PD animal models in the future will help us to understand the disease progression deeper and explore possible treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ma
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanyuan Ma
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitroshina EV, Saviuk M, Vedunova MV. Necroptosis in CNS diseases: Focus on astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1016053. [PMID: 36778591 PMCID: PMC9911465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1016053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, necroptosis, a recently described type of cell death, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various brain pathologies. Necroptosis is a cell death mechanism that has morphological characteristics similar to necrosis but is mediated by fundamentally different molecular pathways. Necroptosis is initiated by signaling through the interaction of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). RIPK1 kinase is usually inactive under physiological conditions. It is activated by stimulation of death receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2, TLR3, and 4, Fas-ligand) by external signals. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 results in the formation of its complex with death receptors. Further, complexes with the second member of the RIP3 and MLKL cascade appear, and the necroptosome is formed. There is enough evidence that necroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a point of view that both neurons and glial cells can play a key role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies finds more and more confirmation. Astrocytes play complex roles during neurodegeneration and ischemic brain damage initiating both impair and protective processes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce pathogenic activity of astrocytes remain veiled. In this review, we consider these processes in terms of the initiation of necroptosis. On the other hand, it is important to remember that like other types of programmed cell death, necroptosis plays an important role for the organism, as it induces a strong immune response and is involved in the control of cancerogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the complex role of necroptosis as an important pathogenetic component of neuronal and astrocyte death in neurodegenerative diseases, epileptogenesis, and ischemic brain damage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Daniels BP, Oberst A. Outcomes of RIP Kinase Signaling During Neuroinvasive Viral Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 442:155-174. [PMID: 32253569 PMCID: PMC7781604 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinvasive viral diseases are a considerable and growing burden on global public health. Despite this, these infections remain poorly understood, and the molecular mechanisms that govern protective versus pathological neuroinflammatory responses to infection are a matter of intense investigation. Recent evidence suggests that necroptosis, an immunogenic form of programmed cell death, may contribute to the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. However, the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases that coordinate necroptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3, also appear to have unexpected, cell death-independent functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that promote beneficial neuroinflammation during neuroinvasive infection. Here, we review the emerging evidence in this field, with additional discussion of recent work examining roles for RIPK signaling and necroptosis during noninfectious pathologies of the CNS, as these studies provide important additional insight into the potential for specialized neuroimmune functions for the RIP kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rui WJ, Li S, Yang L, Liu Y, Fan Y, Hu YC, Ma CM, Wang BW, Shi JP. Microglial AIM2 alleviates antiviral-related neuro-inflammation in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2022; 70:2409-2425. [PMID: 35959803 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been intensively investigated. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential inflammasome protein known to contribute to the development of several neurological diseases. However, a specific role for AIM2 in PD has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of AIM2 in the N-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model by use of various knockout and bone marrow chimeric mice. The mechanism of action for AIM2 in PD was assessed by RNA-sequencing and in vitro primary microglial transfection. Results were validated in the A30P transgenic mouse model of PD. In the MPTP mouse model, AIM2 activation was found to negatively regulate neuro-inflammation independent of the inflammasome. Microglial AIM2 deficiency exacerbated behavioral and pathological features of both MPTP-induced and transgenic PD mouse models. Mechanistically, AIM2 reduced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-mediated antiviral-related inflammation by inhibition of AKT-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. These results demonstrate microglial AIM2 to inhibit the antiviral-related neuro-inflammation associated with PD and provide for a foundation upon which to identify new therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Rui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Chao Hu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Mei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Ping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sušjan-Leite P, Ramuta TŽ, Boršić E, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I. Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940969. [PMID: 35979366 PMCID: PMC9377691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These deposits are both directly toxic to neurons, invoking loss of cell connectivity and cell death, and recognized by innate sensors that upon activation release neurotoxic cytokines, chemokines, and various reactive species. This neuroinflammation is propagated through signaling cascades where activated sensors/receptors, adaptors, and effectors associate into multiprotein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SMOCs, involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, such as myddosomes, inflammasomes, and necrosomes, their assembly, and evidence for their involvement in common neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent progress in the understanding of particular SMOC participation in common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease offers novel therapeutic strategies for currently absent disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sušjan-Leite
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vasquez-Vivar J, Shi Z, Tan S. Tetrahydrobiopterin in Cell Function and Death Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:171-183. [PMID: 34806400 PMCID: PMC9293684 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is most well known as a required cofactor for enzymes regulating cellular redox homeostasis, aromatic amino acid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Less well known are the effects dependent on the cofactor's availability, factors governing its synthesis and recycling, redox implications of the cofactor itself, and protein-protein interactions that underlie cell death. This review provides an understanding of the recent advances implicating BH4 in the mechanisms of cell death and suggestions of possible therapeutic interventions. Recent Advances: The levels of BH4 often reflect the sum of synthetic and recycling enzyme activities. Enhanced expression of GTP cyclohydrolase, the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis, increases BH4, leading to improved cell function and survival. Pharmacologically increasing BH4 levels has similar beneficial effects, leading to enhanced production of neurotransmitters and nitric oxide or reducing oxidant levels. The GTP cyclohydrolase-BH4 pairing has been implicated in a type of cell death, ferroptosis. At the cellular level, BH4 counteracts anticancer therapies directed to enhance ferroptosis via glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity inhibition. Critical Issues: Because of the multitude of intertwined mechanisms, a clear relationship between BH4 and cell death is not well understood yet. The possibility that the cofactor directly influences cell viability has not been excluded in previous studies when modulating BH4-producing enzymes. Future Directions: The importance of cellular BH4 variations and BH4 biosynthetic enzymes to cell function and viability makes it essential to better characterize temporal changes, cofactor activity, and the influence on redox status, which in turn would help develop novel therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 171-183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Redox Biology Program, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University and Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue H, Shi H, Zhang F, Li H, Li C, Han Q. RIP3 Contributes to Cardiac Hypertrophy by Influencing MLKL-Mediated Calcium Influx. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5490553. [PMID: 35464769 PMCID: PMC9023175 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5490553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 3(RIP3), a RIP family member, has been reported as a critical regulator of necroptosis and involves in the pathogenesis of various heart diseases. However, its role in the development of myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload is unclear. We aimed to investigate the roles of RIP3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy induced by the aortic banding method was used in this study. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang-II) or phenylephrine (PE) to induce neurohumoral stress. Our results showed that RIP3 level was significantly elevated in the hypertrophic myocardium tissues from patients, rats subjected to AB surgery, and NRCMs treated with Ang-II or PE. After downregulation of RIP3 expression in NRCMs, the phenotypes of myocardial hypertrophy were obviously alleviated. In mechanism, we demonstrated that RIP3 interacts with mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and promotes its cell membrane localization to increase the influx of calcium within cells, thereby mediating the development of myocardial hypertrophy. More interestingly, we found the blockage of calcium influx by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, and lanthanum chloride efficiently reverses RIP3-induced cardiac remodeling in NRCMs. Taken together, our findings indicate a key role of the RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway in myocardial hypertrophy, which may be a novel promising treatment strategy for myocardial hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Memou A, Dimitrakopoulos L, Kedariti M, Kentros M, Lamprou A, Petropoulou-Vathi L, Valkimadi PE, Rideout HJ. Defining (and blocking) neuronal death in Parkinson's disease: Does it matter what we call it? Brain Res 2021; 1771:147639. [PMID: 34492263 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, comprised of both familial and idiopathic forms, behind only Alzheimer's disease (AD). The disease is characterized, regardless of the pathogenesis, primarily by a loss of DA neurons in the ventral midbrain as well as noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus; however, by the time symptoms manifest, considerable neuronal loss in both areas has occurred. Neuroprotective strategies thus have to be paired with more sensitive and specific biomarker assays that can identify early at-risk patients in order to initiate disease-modifying therapies at an earlier stage in the disease. Complicating this is the fact that multiple forms of cell death mediate the neuronal loss; however, with a common underlying element that the cell death is considered a "regulated" form of cell death, in contrast to an un-controlled necrotic cell death process. In this review we focus our discussion on several categories of regulated cell death in the context of PD: apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In clinical studies as well as experimental in vivo models of PD, there is evidence for a role of each of these forms of cell death in the loss of midbrain DA neurons, and specific therapeutic strategies have been proposed and tested. What remains unclear however is the relative contributions of these distinct forms of cell death to the overall loss of DA neurons, whether they occur at different stages of the disease, or whether specific sub-regions within the midbrain are more susceptible to specific death triggers and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Memou
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampros Dimitrakopoulos
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kedariti
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Kentros
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana Lamprou
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lilian Petropoulou-Vathi
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polytimi-Eleni Valkimadi
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hardy J Rideout
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evans B, Furlong HA, de Lencastre A. Parkinson's disease and microRNAs - Lessons from model organisms and human studies. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111585. [PMID: 34634413 PMCID: PMC8596463 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that affects an estimated 10 million people worldwide. PD is characterized by proteinaceous, cytoplasmic inclusions containing α-synuclein, called Lewy Bodies, which form in dopaminergic neurons in an age-dependent manner, and are associated with the emergence of characteristic PD symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, slow movements and postural instability. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years in identifying genetic and environmental factors that are associated with PD, early diagnosis and therapeutic options remain severely lacking. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as novel therapeutic targets in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. MiRNAs have been shown to play roles in various aging and neurodegenerative disease models across phyla. More recently, studies have identified specific roles for miRNAs and their targets in the pathogenesis and progression of PD in several model organisms. Here, we discuss the evolving field of miRNAs, their association with PD, and the outlook for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
| | - Howard A Furlong
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT 06473, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jantas D, Lasoń W. Preclinical Evidence for the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and RIP1-Dependent Cell Death in Neurodegeneration: State of the Art and Possible Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101518. [PMID: 34679652 PMCID: PMC8532910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent chronic, age-associated neurological pathologies having a major impact on the patient’s quality of life. Despite a heavy medical, social and economic burden they pose, no causative treatment is available for these diseases. Among the important pathogenic factors contributing to neuronal loss during neurodegeneration is elevated oxidative stress resulting from a disturbed balance between endogenous prooxidant and antioxidant systems. For many years, it was thought that increased oxidative stress was a cause of neuronal cell death executed via an apoptotic mechanism. However, in recent years it has been postulated that rather programmed necrosis (necroptosis) is the key form of neuronal death in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Such assumption was supported by biochemical and morphological features of the dying cells as well as by the fact that various necroptosis inhibitors were neuroprotective in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and RIP1-dependent necroptosis and apoptosis in the context of the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative disorders. Based on the published data mainly from cellular models of neurodegeneration linking oxidative stress and necroptosis, we postulate that administration of multipotential neuroprotectants with antioxidant and antinecroptotic properties may constitute an efficient pharmacotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu C, Chen Y, Cui W, Cao Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Liu X, Fan S, Huang K, Tong A, Zhou L. Inhibition of neuronal necroptosis mediated by RIP1/RIP3/MLKL provides neuroprotective effects on kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13108. [PMID: 34374150 PMCID: PMC8450124 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Necroptosis is widespread in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined necroptosis in the hippocampus and cortex after hydrocephalus and found that a necroptosis pathway inhibitor alleviates necroptosis and provides neuroprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrocephalus was induced in C57BL/6 mice by kaolin. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Nissl, PI and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining were used for general observations. Phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (p-RIP3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (p-MLKL) were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe ependymal cilia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test were used to assess neurobehavioral changes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect microglial and astrocyte activation. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS Obvious pathological changes appeared in the hippocampus and cortex after hydrocephalus, and expression of the necroptosis markers p-RIP3, p-MLKL and inflammatory cytokines increased. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and GSK872 reduced necrotic cell death, attenuated p-RIP3 and p-MLKL levels, slightly improved neurobehaviours and inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS RIP1/RIP3/MLKL mediates necroptosis in the cortex and hippocampus in a hydrocephalus mouse model, and Nec-1 and GSK872 have some neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangmin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keru Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lima IS, Pêgo AC, Barros JT, Prada AR, Gozzelino R. Cell Death-Osis of Dopaminergic Neurons and the Role of Iron in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:453-473. [PMID: 33233941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: There is still no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Current treatments are based on the attempt to reduce dopaminergic neuronal loss, and multidisciplinary approaches have been used to provide only a temporary symptoms' relief. In addition to the difficulties of drugs developed against PD to access the brain, the specificity of those inhibitory compounds could be a concern. This because neurons might degenerate by activating distinct signaling pathways, which are often initiated by the same stimulus. Recent Advances: Apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis were shown to significantly contribute to PD progression and, so far, are the main death programs described as capable to alter brain homeostasis. Their activation is characterized by different biochemical and morphological features, some of which might even share the same molecular players. Critical Issues: If there is a pathological need to engage, in PD, multiple death programs, sequentially or simultaneously, is not clear yet. Possibly the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and/or ferroptosis correlates to different PD stages and symptom severities. This would imply that the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against neuronal death might depend on the death program they target and the relevance of this death pathway on a specific PD phase. Future Directions: In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in PD. Understanding the interrelationship between different death pathways' activation in PD is of utmost importance for the development of therapeutic approaches against disease progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 453-473.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illyane Sofia Lima
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pêgo
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Tomas Barros
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Prada
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Gozzelino
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Técnica do Atlântico (UTA), São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fibrillar α-synuclein induces neurotoxic astrocyte activation via RIP kinase signaling and NF-κB. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:756. [PMID: 34333522 PMCID: PMC8325686 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of midbrain dopamine neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is poorly understood, though misfolded and/or aggregated forms of the protein α-synuclein have been implicated in several neurodegenerative disease processes, including neuroinflammation and astrocyte activation. Astrocytes in the midbrain play complex roles during PD, initiating both harmful and protective processes that vary over the course of the disease. However, despite their significant regulatory roles during neurodegeneration, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote pathogenic astrocyte activity remain mysterious. Here, we show that α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) induce pathogenic activation of human midbrain astrocytes, marked by inflammatory transcriptional responses, downregulation of phagocytic function, and conferral of neurotoxic activity. These effects required the necroptotic kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, but were independent of MLKL and necroptosis. Instead, both transcriptional and functional markers of astrocyte activation occurred via RIPK-dependent activation of NF-κB signaling. Our study identifies a previously unknown function for α-synuclein in promoting neurotoxic astrocyte activation, as well as new cell death-independent roles for RIP kinase signaling in the regulation of glial cell biology and neuroinflammation. Together, these findings highlight previously unappreciated molecular mechanisms of pathologic astrocyte activation and neuronal cell death with implications for Parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao X, Lu J, Chen X, Gao Z, Zhang C, Chen C, Qiao D, Wang H. Methamphetamine exposure induces neuronal programmed necrosis by activating the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 -related signalling pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21561. [PMID: 33864423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a synthetic drug with severe neurotoxicity, however, the regulation of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis. We found that neuronal programmed necrosis occurred in the striatum of brain samples from human and mice that were exposed to METH. The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) was highly expressed in the neurons of human and mice exposed to METH, and RIP3-silenced or RIP1-inhibited protected neurons developed neuronal programmed necrosis in vitro and in vivo following METH exposure. Moreover, the RIP1-RIP3 complex causes cell programmed necrosis by regulating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-mediated cell membrane rupture and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Together, these data indicate that RIP3 plays an indispensable role in the mechanism of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for METH-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saleem S. Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necrosis and Their Multi Galore Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2021; 469:162-174. [PMID: 34166763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative disorders is mainly characterized by immense neuron loss and death of glial cells. The mechanisms which are active and regulate neuronal cell death are namely necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis. These death paradigms are governed by a set of molecular determinants that are pivotal in their performance and also exhibit remarkable overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the switching of death paradigms in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss various molecules and the concurrent crosstalk mediated by them. According to our present knowledge and research in neurodegeneration, molecules like Atg1, Beclin1, LC3, p53, TRB3, RIPK1 play switching roles toggling from one death mechanism to another. In addition, the review also focuses on the exorbitant number of newer molecules with the potential to cross communicate between death pathways and create a complex cell death scenario. This review highlights recent studies on the inter-dependent regulation of cell death paradigms in neurodegeneration, mediated by cross-communication between pathways. This will help in identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oliveira SR, Dionísio PA, Gaspar MM, Correia Guedes L, Coelho M, Rosa MM, Ferreira JJ, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP. miR-335 Targets LRRK2 and Mitigates Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661461. [PMID: 34211970 PMCID: PMC8239393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly driven by dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta accompanied by chronic neuroinflammation. Despite being mainly sporadic, approximately 10% of all cases are defined as heritable forms of PD, with mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK2) gene being the most frequent known cause of familial PD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), including miR-335, are frequently deregulated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. Here, we aimed to dissect the protective role of miR-335 during inflammation and/or neurodegenerative events in experimental models of PD. Our results showed that miR-335 is significantly downregulated in different PD-mimicking conditions, including BV2 microglia cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or overexpressing wild-type LRRK2. Importantly, these results were confirmed in serum of mice injected with 1-methyl-1-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydripyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), and further validated in patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) and those harboring mutations in LRRK2 (LRRK2-PD), thus corroborating potential clinical relevance. Mechanistically, miR-335 directly targeted LRRK2 mRNA. In the BV2 and N9 microglia cell lines, miR-335 strongly counteracted LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression, and downregulated receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and RIP3, two important players of necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. Further, miR-335 inhibited LPS-mediated ERK1/2 activation. LRRK2-Wt-induced proinflammatory gene expression was also significantly reduced by miR-335 overexpression. Finally, in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, miR-335 decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes triggered by α-synuclein. In conclusion, we revealed novel roles for miR-335 in both microglia and neuronal cells that strongly halt the effects of classical inflammatory stimuli or LRRK2-Wt overexpression, thus attenuating chronic neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Dionísio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria M Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário M Rosa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana D Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oliveira SR, Dionísio PA, Gaspar MM, Ferreira MBT, Rodrigues CAB, Pereira RG, Estevão MS, Perry MJ, Moreira R, Afonso CAM, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP. Discovery of a Necroptosis Inhibitor Improving Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss after MPTP Exposure in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105289. [PMID: 34069782 PMCID: PMC8157267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, mainly characterized by motor deficits correlated with progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of regulated cell death mediated by the concerted action of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and the pseudokinase mixed lineage domain-like protein (MLKL). It is also usually dependent on RIP1 kinase activity, influenced by further cellular clues. Importantly, necroptosis appears to be strongly linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Here, we aimed at identifying novel chemical inhibitors of necroptosis in a PD-mimicking model, by conducting a two-step screening. Firstly, we phenotypically screened a library of 31 small molecules using a cellular model of necroptosis and, thereafter, the hit compound effect was validated in vivo in a sub-acute 1-methyl-1-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) PD-related mouse model. From the initial compounds, we identified one hit—Oxa12—that strongly inhibited necroptosis induced by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk in the BV2 murine microglia cell line. More importantly, mice exposed to MPTP and further treated with Oxa12 showed protection against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SN and striatum. In conclusion, we identified Oxa12 as a hit compound that represents a new chemotype to tackle necroptosis. Oxa12 displays in vivo effects, making this compound a drug candidate for further optimization to attenuate PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dionísio PA, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP. Oxidative stress and regulated cell death in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101263. [PMID: 33540042 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Motor deficits usually associated with PD correlate with dopaminergic axonal neurodegeneration starting at the striatum, which is then followed by dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN), with both events occurring already at the prodromal stage. We will overview the main physiological characteristics responsible for the higher susceptibility of the nigrostriatal circuit to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as hinted by the acting mechanisms of the PD-causing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Then, we will present multiple lines of evidence linking several cell death mechanisms involving mitochondria and production of reactive oxygen species to neuronal loss in PD, namely intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos and mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis. We will focus on gathered data from postmortem PD samples and relevant in vivo models, especially MPTP-based models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Dionísio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - J D Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - C M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Hu H, Wu B. RIPK1 inhibitor ameliorates the MPP +/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease through the ASK1/JNK signalling pathway. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147310. [PMID: 33524379 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is up-regulated in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms that involved in the neurotoxic function of RIPK1 in Parkinson's disease (PD). MPP+/MPTP-induced PD cellular and mice models were used in this study. The results showed that RIPK1 was high expressed and activated in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-induced PD mice. Overexpression of RIPK1 facilitated cell apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation response, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in MPP+- treated SH-SY5Y cells, while the RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1s has an opposite effect. In addition, the Apoptosis-signaling kinase-1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway was activated during the overexpression of RIPK1, and inhibiting the ASK1/JNK signal by the ASK1 inhibitor partially reversed the decline of cell viability, the increase of cell apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation induced by RIPK1 overexpression in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Further studies suggested that the inhibition of RIPK1 by Nec-1s largely alleviated the behavioural impairment in PD mice. Hence, our study indicated that the RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1s has neuroprotective effects against PD through inactivating the ASK1/JNK signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huizheng Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Binyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmidt MF, Gan ZY, Komander D, Dewson G. Ubiquitin signalling in neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:570-590. [PMID: 33414510 PMCID: PMC7862249 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive damage to the nervous system including the selective loss of vulnerable populations of neurons leading to motor symptoms and cognitive decline. Despite millions of people being affected worldwide, there are still no drugs that block the neurodegenerative process to stop or slow disease progression. Neuronal death in these diseases is often linked to the misfolded proteins that aggregate within the brain (proteinopathies) as a result of disease-related gene mutations or abnormal protein homoeostasis. There are two major degradation pathways to rid a cell of unwanted or misfolded proteins to prevent their accumulation and to maintain the health of a cell: the ubiquitin–proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Both of these degradative pathways depend on the modification of targets with ubiquitin. Aging is the primary risk factor of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With aging there is a general reduction in proteasomal degradation and autophagy, and a consequent increase of potentially neurotoxic protein aggregates of β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, SOD1 and TDP-43. An often over-looked yet major component of these aggregates is ubiquitin, implicating these protein aggregates as either an adaptive response to toxic misfolded proteins or as evidence of dysregulated ubiquitin-mediated degradation driving toxic aggregation. In addition, non-degradative ubiquitin signalling is critical for homoeostatic mechanisms fundamental for neuronal function and survival, including mitochondrial homoeostasis, receptor trafficking and DNA damage responses, whilst also playing a role in inflammatory processes. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of ubiquitin-dependent processes in the progressive loss of neurons and the emergence of ubiquitin signalling as a target for the development of much needed new drugs to treat neurodegenerative disease. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene F Schmidt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zhong Yan Gan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David Komander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dominguez S, Varfolomeev E, Brendza R, Stark K, Tea J, Imperio J, Ngu H, Earr T, Foreman O, Webster JD, Easton A, Vucic D, Bingol B. Genetic inactivation of RIP1 kinase does not ameliorate disease in a mouse model of ALS. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:915-931. [PMID: 32994544 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RIP1 kinase is proposed to play a critical role in driving necroptosis and inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Preclinical studies indicated that while pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 kinase can ameliorate axonal pathology and delay disease onset in the mutant SOD1 transgenic (SOD1-Tg) mice, genetic blockade of necroptosis does not provide benefit in this mouse model. To clarify the role of RIP1 kinase activity in driving pathology in SOD1-Tg mice, we crossed SOD1-Tgs to RIP1 kinase-dead knock-in mice, and measured disease progression using functional and histopathological endpoints. Genetic inactivation of the RIP1 kinase activity in the SOD1-Tgs did not benefit the declining muscle strength or nerve function, motor neuron degeneration or neuroinflammation. In addition, we did not find evidence of phosphorylated RIP1 accumulation in the spinal cords of ALS patients. On the other hand, genetic inactivation of RIP1 kinase activity ameliorated the depletion of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a toxin model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. These findings indicate that RIP1 kinase activity is dispensable for disease pathogenesis in the SOD1-Tg mice while inhibition of kinase activity may provide benefit in acute injury models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dominguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Eugene Varfolomeev
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert Brendza
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kim Stark
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joy Tea
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jose Imperio
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Timothy Earr
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Baris Bingol
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park HA, Ellis AC. Dietary Antioxidants and Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070570. [PMID: 32630250 PMCID: PMC7402163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, the movement center of the brain. Approximately 60,000 people are diagnosed with PD in the United States each year. Although the direct cause of PD can vary, accumulation of oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or impaired intracellular antioxidant defenses invariably occurs at the cellular levels. Pharmaceuticals such as dopaminergic prodrugs and agonists can alleviate some of the symptoms of PD. Currently, however, there is no treatment to halt the progression of PD pathology. Due to the nature of PD, a long and progressive neurodegenerative process, strategies to prevent or delay PD pathology may be well suited to lifestyle changes like dietary modification with antioxidant-rich foods to improve intracellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss cellular and genetic factors that increase oxidative stress in PD. We also discuss neuroprotective roles of dietary antioxidants including vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, and polyphenols along with their potential mechanisms to alleviate PD pathology.
Collapse
|
30
|
Toxicity of Necrostatin-1 in Parkinson's Disease Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060524. [PMID: 32549347 PMCID: PMC7346148 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. This neuronal loss, inherent to age, is related to exposure to environmental toxins and/or a genetic predisposition. PD-induced cell death has been studied thoroughly, but its characterization remains elusive. To date, several types of cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy-induced cell death, and necrosis, have been implicated in PD progression. In this study, we evaluated necroptosis, which is a programmed type of necrosis, in primary fibroblasts from PD patients with and without the G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation and in rotenone-treated cells (SH-SY5Y and fibroblasts). The results showed that programmed necrosis was not activated in the cells of PD patients, but it was activated in cells exposed to rotenone. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an inhibitor of the necroptosis pathway, prevented rotenone-induced necroptosis in PD models. However, Nec-1 affected mitochondrial morphology and failed to protect mitochondria against rotenone toxicity. Therefore, despite the inhibition of rotenone-mediated necroptosis, PD models were susceptible to the effects of both Nec-1 and rotenone.
Collapse
|