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Pangilinan C, Klionsky DJ, Liang C. Emerging dimensions of autophagy in melanoma. Autophagy 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38497492 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2330261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy has previously been regarded as simply a way for cells to deal with nutrient emergency. But explosive work in the last 15 years has given increasingly new knowledge to our understanding of this process. Many of the functions of autophagy that are unveiled from recent studies, however, cannot be reconciled with this conventional view of cell survival but, instead, point to autophagy being integrally involved at a deeper level of cell biology, playing a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and promoting an integrated stress/immune response. The new appreciation of the role of autophagy in the evolutionary trajectory of cancer and cancer interaction with the immune system provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the clinical benefits of autophagy-based therapies. Here, we examine current knowledge of the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in highly plastic and aggressive melanoma as a model disease of human malignancy, while highlighting emerging dimensions indicating that autophagy is at play beyond its classical face.Abbreviation: AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG: autophagy related; BRAF: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5; CQ: chloroquine; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTLA4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EIF2A/eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FITM2: fat storage inducing transmembrane protein 2; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; ICB: immune checkpoint blockade; ICD: immunogenic cell death; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NDP52: nuclear dot protein 52; NFKB/NF-κ B: nuclear factor kappa B; NBR1: the neighbor of BRCA1; NK: natural killer; NRF1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; OPTN: optineurin; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PDCD1/PD-1: programmed cell death 1; PPT1: palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PTK2/FAK1: protein tyrosine kinase 2; RAS: rat sarcoma; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TMB: tumor mutational burden; TME: tumor microenvironment; TSC1: TSC complex subunit 1; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pangilinan
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Chengyu Liang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Petcharat K, Munkong N, Thongboontho R, Chartarrayawadee W, Thim-Uam A. Synergistic Effects of Azithromycin and STING Agonist Promote IFN-I Production by Enhancing the Activation of STING-TBK1 Signaling. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:407-421. [PMID: 37933302 PMCID: PMC10625772 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s433181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-viral infection properties by enhancing type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can directly induce IFN-I production. However, elevated IFN-I induces auto-immune phenotypes such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The effects of AZM and STING on the production of IFN-I are unclear. Objective Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of AZM and STING on IFN-I responses in macrophages. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with AZM with and without a STING-agonist (DMXAA), and the maturation of macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. Gene expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, protein expression was investigated using Western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Results Our results show that AZM significantly induced M1 phenotypes, promoting surface molecule expansion of CD80 and MHC-II and production of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines on DMXAA-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, we found that AZM-increased mRNA levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) could be due to the high expression of STNG-TBK1 signaling in the presence of DMXAA. Conclusion Our data suggest that AZM enhancement of IFN-I responses was STING dependent in DMXAA-stimulated macrophages. These data underline a novel approach to AZM action-mediated STING-TBK1 signaling for regulating IFN-I responses and may further augment the scientific basis and potential use of AZM in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoktip Petcharat
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Thongboontho
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
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Nomura TK, Endo S, Kuwano T, Fukasawa K, Takashima S, Todo T, Furuta K, Yamamoto T, Hinoi E, Koyama H, Honda R. ARL-17477 is a dual inhibitor of NOS1 and the autophagic-lysosomal system that prevents tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10757. [PMID: 37402770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ARL-17477 is a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) inhibitor that has been used in many preclinical studies since its initial discovery in the 1990s. In the present study, we demonstrate that ARL-17477 exhibits a NOS1-independent pharmacological activity that involves inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal system and prevents cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Initially, we screened a chemical compound library for potential anticancer agents, and identified ARL-17477 with micromolar anticancer activity against a wide spectrum of cancers, preferentially affecting cancer stem-like cells and KRAS-mutant cancer cells. Interestingly, ARL-17477 also affected NOS1-knockout cells, suggesting the existence of a NOS1-independent anticancer mechanism. Analysis of cell signals and death markers revealed that LC3B-II, p62, and GABARAP-II protein levels were significantly increased by ARL-17477. Furthermore, ARL-17477 had a chemical structure similar to that of chloroquine, suggesting the inhibition of autophagic flux at the level of lysosomal fusion as an underlying anticancer mechanism. Consistently, ARL-17477 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization, impaired protein aggregate clearance, and activated transcription factor EB and lysosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo ARL-17477 inhibited the tumor growth of KRAS-mutant cancer. Thus, ARL-17477 is a dual inhibitor of NOS1 and the autophagy-lysosomal system that could potentially be used as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiko Komori Nomura
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuma Kuwano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuhei Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Honda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Hanelova K, Raudenska M, Kratochvilova M, Navratil J, Vicar T, Bugajova M, Gumulec J, Masarik M, Balvan J. Autophagy modulators influence the content of important signalling molecules in PS-positive extracellular vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:120. [PMID: 37226246 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment. Many studies suggest that cancer cells release higher amounts of EVs exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) at the surface. There are lots of interconnections between EVs biogenesis and autophagy machinery. Modulation of autophagy can probably affect not only the quantity of EVs but also their content, which can deeply influence the resulting pro-tumourigenic or anticancer effect of autophagy modulators. In this study, we found that autophagy modulators autophinib, CPD18, EACC, bafilomycin A1 (BAFA1), 3-hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), rapamycin, NVP-BEZ235, Torin1, and starvation significantly alter the composition of the protein content of phosphatidylserine-positive EVs (PS-EVs) produced by cancer cells. The greatest impact had HCQ, BAFA1, CPD18, and starvation. The most abundant proteins in PS-EVs were proteins typical for extracellular exosomes, cytosol, cytoplasm, and cell surface involved in cell adhesion and angiogenesis. PS-EVs protein content involved mitochondrial proteins and signalling molecules such as SQSTM1 and TGFβ1 pro-protein. Interestingly, PS-EVs contained no commonly determined cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, GRO-α, MCP-1, RANTES, and GM-CSF, which indicates that secretion of these cytokines is not predominantly mediated through PS-EVs. Nevertheless, the altered protein content of PS-EVs can still participate in the modulation of the fibroblast metabolism and phenotype as p21 was accumulated in fibroblasts influenced by EVs derived from CPD18-treated FaDu cells. The altered protein content of PS-EVs (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD037164) also provides information about the cellular compartments and processes that are affected by the applied autophagy modulators. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Hanelova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vicar
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Bugajova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yu X, Tian AL, Wang P, Li J, Wu J, Li B, Liu Z, Liu S, Gao Z, Sun S, Sun S, Tu Y, Wu Q. Macrolide antibiotics activate the integrated stress response and promote tumor proliferation. Cell Stress 2023; 7:20-33. [PMID: 37021084 PMCID: PMC10069438 DOI: 10.15698/cst2023.04.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are widely used antibacterial agents that are associated with autophagy inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the association between macrolide antibiotics and malignant tumors, as well as the effect on autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and integrated stress response (ISR). The meta-analysis indicated a modestly higher risk of cancer in macrolide antibiotic ever-users compared to non-users. Further experiments showed that macrolides block autophagic flux by inhibiting lysosomal acidification. Additionally, azithromycin, a representative macrolide antibiotic, induced the accumulation of ROS, and stimulated the ISR and the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3 in a ROS-dependent manner. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that azithromycin promoted tumor progression in vivo, which could be receded by N-acetylcysteine, an inhibitor of ROS and ISR. Overall, this study reveals the potential role of macrolide antibiotics in malignant progression and highlights the need for further investigation into their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- # These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Équipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- # These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, AnHui, P. R. China
- # These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Siqing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- * Corresponding Author: Dr. Shengrong Sun, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China; E-mail:
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- * Corresponding Author: Dr. Yi Tu, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China; E-mail:
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * Corresponding Author: Dr. Qi Wu, Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China; E-mail:
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Hydroxychloroquine Enhances Cytotoxic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicle-Mimetic Nanovesicles Loaded with Chemotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020534. [PMID: 36839856 PMCID: PMC9962585 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their high biocompatibility, biological barrier negotiation, and functionalization properties, biological nanoparticles have been actively investigated for many medical applications. Biological nanoparticles, including natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs), represent novel drug delivery vehicles that can accommodate different payloads. In this study, we investigated the physical, biological, and delivery properties of EVs and EMNVs and analyzed their ability to deliver the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. EMNVs and EVs exhibit similar properties, but EMNVs are more effectively internalized, while EVs show higher intracellular doxorubicin release activity. In addition, these nanotherapeutics were investigated in combination with the FDA-approved drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). We demonstrate that HCQ-induced lysosome destabilization and could significantly increase nanoparticle internalization, doxorubicin release, and cytotoxicity. Altogether, these data demonstrate that, from the delivery standpoint in vitro, the internalization of EMNVs and EVs and their payload release were slightly different and both nanotherapeutics had comparable cytotoxic performance. However, the synthesis of EMNVs was significantly faster and cost-effective. In addition, we highlight the benefits of combining biological nanoparticles with the lysosome-destabilizing agent HCQ that increased both the internalization and the cytotoxic properties of the particles.
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Pangilinan C, Xu X, Herlyn M, Liang C. Autophagy Paradox: Strategizing Treatment Modality in Melanoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:130-145. [PMID: 36670319 PMCID: PMC9883356 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The primordial autophagy process, originally identified as a starvation response in baker's yeast, has since been shown to have a wide spectrum of functions other than survival. In many cases, it is accepted that autophagy operates as a key tumor suppressor mechanism that protects cells from adverse environmental cues by enforcing homeostasis and maintaining the functional and structural integrity of organelles. Paradoxically, heightened states of autophagy are also seen in some cancers, leading to the prevailing view that the pro-survival aspect of autophagy might be hijacked by some tumors to promote their fitness and pathogenesis. Notably, recent studies have revealed a broad range of cell-autonomous autophagy in reshaping tumor microenvironment and maintaining lineage integrity and immune homeostasis, calling for a renewed understanding of autophagy beyond its classical roles in cell survival. Here, we evaluate the increasing body of literature that argues the "double-edged" consequences of autophagy manipulation in cancer therapy, with a particular focus on highly plastic and mutagenic melanoma. We also discuss the caveats that must be considered when evaluating whether autophagy blockade is the effector mechanism of some anti-cancer therapy particularly associated with lysosomotropic agents. If autophagy proteins are to be properly exploited as targets for anticancer drugs, their diverse and complex roles should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pangilinan
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chengyu Liang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032176. [PMID: 36768500 PMCID: PMC9916765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
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von Hofsten S, Langer MK, Korelin K, Magnussen S, Ausbacher D, Anderssen T, Salo T, Strøm MB, Bayer A, Al-Samadi A, Berge G. Amphipathic barbiturates as marine product mimics with cytolytic and immunogenic effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1141669. [PMID: 37063262 PMCID: PMC10098121 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1141669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and the conventional treatments for this form of cancer can be tough. Despite the success of existing immunotherapies in some HNSCC patients, many do not respond to this type of treatment. Thus, the development of novel anti-cancer therapies should be prioritized. In the current study, the anticancer activity of a panel of novel compounds, herein termed marine product mimics (MPMs), against HNSCC cell lines is explored. The previously reported compound MPM-1, which is structurally related to the novel MPMs, was shown to have promising effects on the HNSCC cell line HSC-3. The results from the current study indicate that the novel MPMs are more potent than MPM-1 but cause a similar type of cell death. The results indicated that the MPMs must cross through the cell membrane to exert their action and that they are lysosomotropic. Further experiments showed that some of the MPMs could induce phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in HSC-3 and UT-SCC-24A cells, which indicates that they can activate the integrated stress response that is strongly associated with immunogenic cell death. Cell surface expression of calreticulin and release of HMGB1 and ATP, which are all hallmarks of immunogenic cell death, was also demonstrated in HSC-3 and UT-SCC-24A cells treated with MPMs. This suggests that the MPMs are interesting candidates for future HNSCC cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah von Hofsten
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manuel K. Langer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Korelin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Synnøve Magnussen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dominik Ausbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trude Anderssen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morten B. Strøm
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Annette Bayer, ; Gerd Berge,
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerd Berge
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Annette Bayer, ; Gerd Berge,
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10
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The marine natural product mimic MPM-1 is cytolytic and induces DAMP release from human cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15586. [PMID: 36114339 PMCID: PMC9481558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting contributes to the discovery of new molecules with anticancer properties. Compounds with cytolytic activity and the ability to induce immunogenic cell death can be administered as intratumoral injections with the aim to activate anti-tumor immune responses by causing the release of tumor antigens as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cancer cells. In the present study, we report the cytolytic and DAMP-releasing effects of a new natural product mimic termed MPM-1 that was inspired by the marine Eusynstyelamides. We found that MPM-1 rapidly killed cancer cells in vitro by inducing a necrosis-like death, which was accompanied by lysosomal swelling and perturbation of autophagy in HSC-3 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma) cells. MPM-1 also induced release of the DAMPs adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from Ramos (B-cell lymphoma) and HSC-3 cells, as well as cell surface expression of calreticulin in HSC-3 cells. This indicates that MPM-1 has the ability to induce immunogenic cell death, further suggesting that it may have potential as a novel anticancer compound.
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11
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Lu G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Huang C, He W, Wang C, Shen HM. Autophagy in health and disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic target. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e150. [PMID: 35845350 PMCID: PMC9271889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionally conserved catabolic process in which cytosolic contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelle, or invading pathogens, are sequestered by the double‐membrane structure termed autophagosome and delivered to lysosome for degradation. Over the past two decades, autophagy has been extensively studied, from the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, implications in various human diseases, to development of autophagy‐related therapeutics. This review will focus on the latest development of autophagy research, covering molecular mechanisms in control of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and the upstream regulatory pathways including the AMPK and MTORC1 pathways. We will also provide a systematic discussion on the implication of autophagy in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), viral infection especially SARS‐Cov‐2 and COVID‐19, cardiovascular diseases (cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and cardiomyopathy), and aging. Finally, we will also summarize the development of pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential for clinical applications via targeting the autophagy pathway. It is believed that decades of hard work on autophagy research is eventually to bring real and tangible benefits for improvement of human health and control of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research Southwest Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology University of Macau Macau China
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12
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He W, Gao Y, Zhou J, Shi Y, Xia D, Shen HM. Friend or Foe? Implication of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4690-4703. [PMID: 35874956 PMCID: PMC9305279 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing amount of evidence indicating the close interplays between the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells. While autophagy machinery is known to either assist or inhibit the viral replication process, the reciprocal effects of the SARS-CoV-2 on the autophagy-lysosome pathway have also been increasingly appreciated. More importantly, despite the disappointing results from the clinical trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treatment of COVID-19, there is still ongoing effort in discovering new therapeutics targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway. In this review, we provide an update-to-date summary of the interplays between the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells and the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular level, to highlight the prognostic value of autophagy markers in COVID-19 patients and to discuss the potential of developing novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 by targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Thus, understanding the nature of such interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells is expected to provide novel strategies in battling against this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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13
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Parikh BH, Liu Z, Blakeley P, Lin Q, Singh M, Ong JY, Ho KH, Lai JW, Bogireddi H, Tran KC, Lim JYC, Xue K, Al-Mubaarak A, Yang B, R S, Regha K, Wong DSL, Tan QSW, Zhang Z, Jeyasekharan AD, Barathi VA, Yu W, Cheong KH, Blenkinsop TA, Hunziker W, Lingam G, Loh XJ, Su X. A bio-functional polymer that prevents retinal scarring through modulation of NRF2 signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2796. [PMID: 35589753 PMCID: PMC9119969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One common cause of vision loss after retinal detachment surgery is the formation of proliferative and contractile fibrocellular membranes. This aberrant wound healing process is mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hyper-proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Current treatment relies primarily on surgical removal of these membranes. Here, we demonstrate that a bio-functional polymer by itself is able to prevent retinal scarring in an experimental rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. This is mediated primarily via clathrin-dependent internalisation of polymeric micelles, downstream suppression of canonical EMT transcription factors, reduction of RPE cell hyper-proliferation and migration. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signalling pathway was identified in a genome-wide transcriptomic profiling as a key sensor and effector. This study highlights the potential of using synthetic bio-functional polymer to modulate RPE cellular behaviour and offers a potential therapy for retinal scarring prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Blakeley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malay Singh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yi Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Han Ho
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Weijia Lai
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Chi Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdurrahmaan Al-Mubaarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Binxia Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sowmiya R
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kakkad Regha
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Soo Lin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Queenie Shu Woon Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy A Blenkinsop
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopal Lingam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Andersen HB, Ialchina R, Pedersen SF, Czaplinska D. Metabolic reprogramming by driver mutation-tumor microenvironment interplay in pancreatic cancer: new therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1093-1114. [PMID: 34855109 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers globally with a mortality rate exceeding 95% and very limited therapeutic options. A hallmark of PDAC is its acidic tumor microenvironment, further characterized by excessive fibrosis and depletion of oxygen and nutrients due to poor vascularity. The combination of PDAC driver mutations and adaptation to this hostile environment drives extensive metabolic reprogramming of the cancer cells toward non-canonical metabolic pathways and increases reliance on scavenging mechanisms such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. In addition, the cancer cells benefit from metabolic crosstalk with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment, including pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and immune cells. Increasing evidence shows that this metabolic rewiring is closely related to chemo- and radioresistance and immunosuppression, causing extensive treatment failure. Indeed, stratification of human PDAC tumors into subtypes based on their metabolic profiles was shown to predict disease outcome. Accordingly, an increasing number of clinical trials target pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways, either as stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight key findings and potential future directions of pancreatic cancer metabolism research, specifically focusing on novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Berg Andersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renata Ialchina
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Wang X, Pan Z, Wang J, Wang H, Fan H, Gong T, Sun Q, Feng Y, Liang P. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e549. [PMID: 34586730 PMCID: PMC8444559 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Ziwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hangping Fan
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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16
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Sun H, Wei X, Zeng C. Autophagy in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4231-4244. [PMID: 34345999 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) characterized by the rearrangement of the TFE3 is recently identified as a unique subtype of RCC that urgently requires effective prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, determining suitable therapeutic targets and fully understanding the biological significance of tRCC is essential. The importance of autophagy is increasingly acknowledged because it shows carcinogenic activity or suppressor effect. Autophagy is a physiological cellular process critical to maintaining cell homeostasis, which is involved in the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and macromolecules via the lysosomal pathway, suggesting that targeting autophagy is a potential therapeutic approach for cancer therapies. However, the underlying mechanism of autophagy in tRCC is still ambiguous. In this review, we summarize the autophagy-related signaling pathways associated with tRCC. Moreover, we examine the roles of autophagy and the immune response in tumorigenesis and investigate how these factors interact to facilitate or prevent tumorigenesis. Besides, we review the findings regarding the treatment of tRCC via induction or inhibition of autophagy. Hopefully, this study will shed some light on the functions and implications of autophagy and emphasize its role as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in tRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
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17
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Persoons L, Vanderlinden E, Vangeel L, Wang X, Do NDT, Foo SYC, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Jochmans D, Schols D, De Jonghe S. Broad spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of a series of anti-malaria quinoline analogues. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105127. [PMID: 34217752 PMCID: PMC8247284 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 10 quinoline analogues was evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against a panel of alpha- and beta-coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2), as well as the human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were the most potent with antiviral EC50 values in the range of 0.12-12 μM. Chloroquine displayed the most favorable selectivity index (i.e. ratio cytotoxic versus antiviral concentration), being 165 for HCoV-OC43 in HEL cells. Potent anti-coronavirus activity was also observed with amodiaquine, ferroquine and mefloquine, although this was associated with substantial cytotoxicity for mefloquine. Primaquine, quinidine, quinine and tafenoquine only blocked coronavirus replication at higher concentrations, while piperaquine completely lacked antiviral and cytotoxic effects. A time-of-addition experiment in HCoV-229E-infected HEL cells revealed that chloroquine interferes with viral entry at a post-attachment stage. Using confocal microscopy, no viral RNA synthesis could be detected upon treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with chloroquine. The inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine coincided with an inhibitory effect on the autophagy pathway as visualized by a dose-dependent increase in LC3-positive puncta. The latter effect was less pronounced or even absent with the other quinolines. In summary, we showed that several quinoline analogues, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, amodiaquine, ferroquine and mefloquine, exhibit broad anti-coronavirus activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Vanderlinden
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Laura Vangeel
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xinyu Wang
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Dan Thuc Do
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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