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Çiftçi YC, Yurtsever Y, Akgül B. Long non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress under pathological conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18561. [PMID: 39072992 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which ensues from an overwhelming protein folding capacity, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in an effort to restore cellular homeostasis. As ER stress is associated with numerous diseases, it is highly important to delineate the molecular mechanisms governing the ER stress to gain insight into the disease pathology. Long non-coding RNAs, transcripts with a length of over 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins, interact with proteins and nucleic acids, fine-tuning the UPR to restore ER homeostasis via various modes of actions. Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs is implicated in the progression of ER stress-related diseases, presenting these molecules as promising therapeutic targets. The comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of understanding the nuanced interplay between lncRNAs and ER stress for insights into disease mechanisms. Overall, this review consolidates current knowledge, identifies research gaps and offers a roadmap for future investigations into the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in ER stress and associated diseases to shed light on their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cem Çiftçi
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Yurtsever
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Karamali N, Daraei A, Rostamlou A, Mahdavi R, Akbari Jonoush Z, Ghadiri N, Mahmoudi Z, Mardi A, Javidan M, Sohrabi S, Baradaran B. Decoding contextual crosstalk: revealing distinct interactions between non-coding RNAs and unfolded protein response in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38468244 PMCID: PMC10926595 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is significantly influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impacting both its initiation and progression. When cells experience an accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, they activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular balance. In breast cancer, the UPR is frequently triggered due to challenging conditions within tumors. The UPR has a dual impact on breast cancer. On one hand, it can contribute to tumor growth by enhancing cell survival and resistance to programmed cell death in unfavorable environments. On the other hand, prolonged and severe ER stress can trigger cell death mechanisms, limiting tumor progression. Furthermore, ER stress has been linked to the regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancer cells. These ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play essential roles in cancer development by influencing gene expression and cellular processes. An improved understanding of how ER stress and ncRNAs interact in breast cancer can potentially lead to new treatment approaches. Modifying specific ncRNAs involved in the ER stress response might interfere with cancer cell survival and induce cell death. Additionally, focusing on UPR-associated proteins that interact with ncRNAs could offer novel therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, this review provides a concise overview of the interconnection between ER stress and ncRNAs in breast cancer, elucidating the nuanced effects of the UPR on cell fate and emphasizing the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Karamali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arshia Daraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of EGE, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Mahdavi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari Jonoush
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghadiri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moslem Javidan
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sohrabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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He J, Zhou Y, Sun L. Emerging mechanisms of the unfolded protein response in therapeutic resistance: from chemotherapy to Immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38297380 PMCID: PMC10832166 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). As an adaptive cellular response to hostile microenvironments, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs, the UPR is activated in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumour promoter in cancer development; this role of the UPR indicates that regulation of the UPR can be utilized as a target for tumour treatment. T-cell exhaustion mainly refers to effector T cells losing their effector functions and expressing inhibitory receptors, leading to tumour immune evasion and the loss of tumour control. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR plays a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion, immune evasion, and resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of UPR activation, the effect of the UPR on immune evasion, the emerging mechanisms of the UPR in chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance, and agents that target the UPR for tumour therapeutics. An understanding of the role of the UPR in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance will be helpful to identify new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Qing B, Wang S, Du Y, Liu C, Li W. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and multidrug-resistant cancers: hope or frustration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273987. [PMID: 37790807 PMCID: PMC10544988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a kind of cell response for coping with hypoxia and other stresses. Pieces of evidence show that continuous stress can promote the occurrence, development, and drug resistance of tumors through the unfolded protein response. Therefore, the abnormal ac-tivation of ERS and its downstream signaling pathways not only can regulate tumor growth and metastasis but also profoundly affect the efficacy of antitumor therapy. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanism of ERS may be expected to solve the problem of tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) and become a novel strategy for the treatment of refractory and recurrent tumors. This re-view summarized the mechanism of ERS and tumor MDR, reviewed the relationship between ERS and tumor MDR, introduced the research status of tumor tissue and ERS, and previewed the prospect of targeting ERS to improve the therapeutic effect of tumor MDR. This article aims to provide researchers and clinicians with new ideas and inspiration for basic antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Qing
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingan Du
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Department of Hematology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
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Verma S, Sahu BD, Mugale MN. Role of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 325:121751. [PMID: 37169145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest cancer in human malignancies. It is the most common and severe type of primary liver cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new kind of RNA and epigenetic factors, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC. LncRNAs are capable of promoting the autophagy, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells by targeting and modulating the expression of downstream genes in signaling pathways related to cancer; these transcripts modify the activity and expression of various tumor suppressors and oncogenes. LncRNAs could act as biomarkers for treatment approaches such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery to effectively treat HCC patients. Improved knowledge regarding the aetiology of HCC may result from an advanced understanding of lncRNAs. Enhanced oxidative stress in the mitochondrial and Endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of unfolded protein response pathway that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mutual regulation between LncRNAs and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer and simultaneous activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway determines the fate of tumor cells in HCC. Mitochondria-associated lncRNAs work as essential components of several gene regulatory networks; abnormal regulation of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs may lead to oncogenesis, which provides further insight into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bidhya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sarkar A, Paul A, Banerjee T, Maji A, Saha S, Bishayee A, Maity TK. Therapeutic advancements in targeting BCL-2 family proteins by epigenetic regulators, natural, and synthetic agents in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175588. [PMID: 36791843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is amongst the deadliest and most disruptive disorders, having a much higher death rate than other diseases worldwide. Human cancer rates continue to rise, thereby posing the most significant concerns for medical health professionals. In the last two decades, researchers have gone past several milestones in tackling cancer while gaining insight into the role of apoptosis in cancer or targeting various biomarker tools for prognosis and diagnosis. Apoptosis which is still a topic full of complexities, can be controlled considerably by B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and its family members. Therefore, targeting proteins of this family to prevent tumorigenesis, is essential to focus on the pharmacological features of the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, which will help to develop and manage this disorder. This review deals with the advancements of various epigenetic regulators to target BCL-2 family proteins, including the mechanism of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Similarly, a rise in natural and synthetic molecules' research over the last two decades has allowed us to acquire insights into understanding and managing the transcriptional alterations that have led to apoptosis and treating various neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, several inhibitors targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and inducers or activators targeting pro-apoptotic proteins in preclinical and clinical stages have been summarized. Overall, agonistic and antagonistic mechanisms of BCL-2 family proteins conciliated by epigenetic regulators, natural and synthetic agents have proven to be an excellent choice in developing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Liang X, Liu J, Liu X, Jin Y, Xu M, Han Z, Wang K, Zhang C, Zou F, Zhou L. LINP1 represses unfolded protein response by directly inhibiting eIF2α phosphorylation to promote cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 36918934 PMCID: PMC10012465 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) may destroy endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis (ER homeostasis) and leads to programmable cell death. Unfolded protein response (UPR) originally stimulated by ER stress is critical for the survival of tumor cells through trying to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaption to harsh microenvironment. However, mechanisms involving key regulators in modulating UPR remain underexplored. METHODS The expression of LINP1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tissues and cell lines was assessed. Subsequently, LINP1 was knocked out, knocked down or overexpressed in cSCC cells. CCK-8 assays, colony forming assays, transwell migration assays and invasiveness measurement by matrigel-coated transwell were performed to examine the role of LINP1 in cSCC development through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted and indicated the key downstream signaling events regulated by LINP1 including UPR and apoptosis signaling. Furthermore, the direct interaction between LINP1 and eIF2α to modulate UPR and apoptosis was confirmed by RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), ChIP-qPCR and in vitro phosphorylation assays. RESULTS In this study, LncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) was identified to be one of the top ten highest-expressed LncRNAs in cSCC, the second most common cancer in the world. Functional studies using in vitro and in vivo models revealed that LINP1 functions as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasiveness while inhibiting cell apoptosis in cSCC. Transcriptomic sequencing after knockdown of LINP1 indicated LINP1 negatively regulates UPR-related pathways involving key effectors for activating UPR and the apoptosis following the prolonged UPR. Mechanistic study showed LINP1 physically interacts with eIF2α to inhibit its phosphorylation for avoiding unmitigated UPR. Loss of LINP1 followed by enhanced eIF2α phosphorylation led to overactivated UPR and induced DDIT3 expression, contributing to ER stress-induced apoptosis and suppression of cSCC development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel regulatory hierarchy of UPR by demonstrating LINP1 as a critical modulator for eIF2α phosphorylation and a suppressor of UPR-mediated apoptosis, which suggests a novel therapeutic target for cSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minna Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential regulators of adipogenesis. In this study, we have characterized a lncRNA, LIPE-AS1, that spans genes CEACAM1 to LIPE in man with conservation of genomic organization and tissue expression between mouse and man. Tissue-specific expression of isoforms of the murine lncRNA were found in liver and adipose tissue, one of which, designated mLas-V3, overlapped the Lipe gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase in both mouse and man suggesting that it may have a functional role in adipose tissue. Knock down of expression of mLas-V3 using anti-sense oligos (ASOs) led to a significant decrease in the differentiation of the OP9 pre-adipocyte cell line through the down regulation of the major adipogenic transcription factors Pparg and Cebpa. Knock down of mLas-V3 induced apoptosis during the differentiation of OP9 cells as shown by expression of active caspase-3, a change in the localization of LIP/LAP isoforms of C/EBPβ, and expression of the cellular stress induced factors CHOP, p53, PUMA, and NOXA. We conclude that mLas-V3 may play a role in protecting against stress associated with adipogenesis, and its absence leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Thunen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre La Placa
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Qu T, Miao C, Zhang Z, Li H, Liu L, Lin W, Li C, Pan J, Ye L, Cao Y. Prognostic signature of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related long noncoding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Association with somatic mutation and tumor immune microenvironment. J Dent Sci 2022; 18:541-550. [PMID: 37021255 PMCID: PMC10068581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) may enable prognostic stratification in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the ERS-related LncRNAs signature and its effects on the prognosis, tumorigenesis, and tumor immune microenvironment in HNSCC. Materials and methods The transcriptome data of HNSCC were obtained from TCGA. Least absolute shrinkage selection operator algorithm, and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen LncRNAs for the signature construction. Somatic mutation, gene enrichment, and immune infiltration analyses were further performed. Results 458 ERS-related LncRNAs were identified and 55 of which were correlated with HNSCC prognosis. Ten ERS-related LncRNAs were selected to establish a risk prediction signature. When dividing patients into high-risk and low-risk groups by signature score, high-risk group correlated with worse survival rates (hazard ratio = 1.211; 95% confidence interval 1.123-1.306, P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.751 and 0.716 in the training and validation cohorts at 3-year. Moreover, high-risk group have increased somatic mutation rates and reduced infiltration abundancy of B cells and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion The prognostic signature based on ERS-related LncRNAs may serve as a predictor of altered oncogene mutations and immune microenvironment, which provided an insight into the relationship between ERS, LncRNAs, and tumor progression.
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Ma Y, Sun L, Wang S, Yue X, Yu J, Xue P. Establishment of fingerprint and mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemic effect of Syringa pinnatifolia. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5475. [PMID: 35947036 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. (SP), analyze the blood components of SP, and explore the possible mechanism of SP's anti-myocardial ischemia, so as to provide scientific basis for the follow-up development and research of SP and lay a foundation for its clinical application. METHODS The fingerprint of SP was established by UPLC-QE-MS and GC-MS. A rat Myocardial infarction (MI) was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the rat coronary artery, and SP alcohol extract was administered to evaluate its anti-myocardial ischemic effect. We analyzed the blood components of SP, screened the active compounds, established a database of SP anti-myocardial ischemic targets, and explored the possible mechanism of SP in treating MI by bioinformatics. The rats were examined by echocardiography, serum biomarkers were determined, and pathological changes were observed by histopathological examination. TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptotic level of cells, and western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in heart tissues. RESULTS In the fingerprint of SP, 24 common peaks were established, and the similarity evaluation results of 10 batches of SP were all > 0.9. UPLC-QE-MS and GC-MS detected a total of 17 active ingredients in the drug-containing serum, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids, the most abundant of which was resveratrol. Enrichment analysis of SP targets against myocardial ischemia revealed that key candidate targets of SP were significantly enriched in multiple pathways associated with apoptosis. Resveratrol was administered to the successfully modeled rats, and the results showed that the resveratrol group significantly reduced LVEDd and LVEDs and significantly increased EF and FS in all groups compared with the model group. Resveratrol significantly reduced the levels of CK-MB and LDH in serum compared to the model group (p < 0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of rat myocardial tissue showed that all lesions were reduced under microscopic observation in the resveratrol group compared with the model group. RT-PCR and western blot results showed that resveratrol group down-regulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, up-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of Caspase-3. CONCLUSION The established fingerprints are accurate, reliable and reproducible, and can be used as an effective method for the quality control of the herbs. The anti-myocardial ischemia effect of SP may be that resveratrol can improve cardiac function and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis to protect cardiomyocytes. The present study provides ample evidence for the clinical use of SP, suggesting that this drug has great potential in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jingkun Lu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yuheng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Suwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Xin Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jiuwang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Peifeng Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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Lv Y, Lv Y, Wang Z, Yuan K, Zeng Y. Noncoding RNAs as sensors of tumor microenvironmental stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:224. [PMID: 35842651 PMCID: PMC9288030 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to modulate the biological behavior of tumors intensively. Multiple stress conditions are widely observed in the TME of many cancer types, such as hypoxia, inflammation, and nutrient deprivation. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression levels of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are dramatically altered by TME stress, and the dysregulated ncRNAs can in turn regulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we elaborate on the signal transduction pathways or epigenetic pathways by which hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), inflammatory factors, and nutrient deprivation in TME regulate ncRNAs, and highlight the pivotal roles of TME stress-related ncRNAs in tumors. This helps to clarify the molecular regulatory networks between TME and ncRNAs, which may provide potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lv
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghao Lv
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Zheng Y, Yue X, Fang C, Jia Z, Chen Y, Xie H, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li L, Chen Z, Bian E, Zhao B. A Novel Defined Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related lncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction and Immune Therapy in Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930923. [PMID: 35847925 PMCID: PMC9282894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a group of the most aggressive primary central nervous system tumors with limited treatment options. The abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is related to the prognosis of glioma. However, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated lncRNAs in glioma prognosis has not been reported. In this paper, we obtained ER stress-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis, and then a risk signature composed of 6 ER stress-related lncRNAs was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Glioma samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were separated into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had shorter survival times. Additionally, we verified the predictive ability of these candidate lncRNAs in the testing set. Three glioma patient subgroups (cluster 1/2/3) were identified by consensus clustering. We further analysed the abundance of immune-infiltrating cells and the expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules in both three subgroups and two risk groups, respectively. Immunotherapy and anticancer drug response prediction showed that ER stress-related lncRNA risk signature positively correlates with responding to immune checkpoints and chemosensitivity. Functional analysis showed that these gene sets are enriched in the malignant process of tumors. Finally, LINC00519 was chosen for functional experiments. The silence of LINC00519 restrained the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Hence, those results indicated that ER stress-related lncRNA risk signature could be a potential treatment target and a prognosis biomarker for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Erbao Bian, ; Bing Zhao,
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Erbao Bian, ; Bing Zhao,
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13
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Emerging roles and potential clinical applications of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113327. [PMID: 35779423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common highly malignant tumors in humans, as well as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Growing evidence has indicated that lncRNAs are implicated in different molecular mechanisms, including interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein, so that to regulate the gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, or posttranscriptional level. Moreover, the mechanism of action of lncRNA is closely related to its subcellular localization. An increasing number of studies have certified that lncRNA plays a significant biological function in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as involving in cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and reprogramming of energy metabolism. As a result, lncRNA has great potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosis or therapeutics of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we highlight the correlation between subcellular localization of lncRNA and its mechanism of action, discuss the biological roles of lncRNA and the latest research advances in hepatocellular carcinoma, and emphasize the potential of lncRNA as a therapeutic target for advanced patients of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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14
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Wu YZ, Su YH, Kuo CY. Stressing the Regulatory Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Cellular Stress Response during Cancer Progression and Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051212. [PMID: 35625948 PMCID: PMC9138696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response is an important adaptive mechanism for regulating cell fate decision when cells confront with stress. During tumorigenesis, tumor progression and the course of treatment, cellular stress signaling can activate subsequent response to deal with stress. Therefore, cellular stress response has impacts on the fate of tumor cells and tumor responsiveness relative to therapeutic agents. In recent years, attention has been drawn to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which has little protein-coding potential and possesses various functions in multiple biological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs are also engaged in the regulation of cellular stress response, particularly in cancers. Here, we summarize lncRNAs that have been reported in the adaptive response to major types of cellular stress including genotoxic, hypoxic, oxidative, metabolic and endoplasmic reticulum stress, all of which are often encountered by cancer cells. Specifically, the molecular mechanisms of how lncRNAs regulate cellular stress response during tumor progression or the development of therapy resistance are emphasized. The potential clinical applications of stress-responsive lncRNAs as biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Yong-Han Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 66909)
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15
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Pang H, Wu T, Peng Z, Tan Q, Peng X, Zhan Z, Song L, Wei B. Baicalin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells by increasing ROS to inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin signaling pathways. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100415. [PMID: 35573641 PMCID: PMC9091934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin causes apoptosis and autophagy through accumulating ROS to suppress PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin pathways in OS cells. Baicalin-induced autophagosome further triggers apoptosis. Baicalin-induced ROS and Ca2+ interactions induce apoptosis. Baicalin molecule targets PI3Kγ, inhibiting downstream effectors AKT and mTOR.
Baicalin, a flavonoid derivative, exerts antitumor activity in a variety of neoplasms. However, whether baicalin exerts antitumor effects on osteosarcoma cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, treatment with baicalin reduced the proliferation and invasive potential of osteosarcoma cells and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, which eventually caused mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, baicalin increased intercellular Ca2+ and ROS concentrations. Baicalin-induced apoptosis was confirmed by enhanced Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP levels and decreased Bcl-2 levels. The increase in LC3-II and p62 suggested that baicalin induced autophagosome formation but ultimately inhibited downstream autophagy. Moreover, apoptosis induced by baicalin was attenuated by the addition of 3-MA. Furthermore, we found that baicalin inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK1/2 and β-catenin signaling pathways. Chelation of free Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM also inhibited both apoptosis induction and ROS concentration changes. Finally, NAC pretreatment reversed baicalin treatment outcomes, including the increase in Ca2+ concentration, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of the pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that baicalin might interact with the structural domain of PI3Kγ. Thus, baicalin may be considered a potential candidate for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Pang
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhonghua Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Qichao Tan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zeyu Zhan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Corresponding authors.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang J, Xiang H, Ding P, Wu T, Ji G. Recent update on application of dihydromyricetin in metabolic related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112771. [PMID: 35247719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of natural flavonoids, dihydromyricetin (DMY) has attracted more and more attention. It has a series of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and so on, and it is almost no toxicity and with excellent safety. Therefore, even if the bioavailability is poor, it is often added to daily food, beverages and even medicines. In recent years, some researchers have found that DMY can treat some diseases by anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, promoting cell death and regulate the activity of lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition, the mechanism of DMY on these diseases was also related to the signal pathway of AMPK, PI3K/Akt, PPAR and the participation of microRNAs. This review describes the mechanism of DMY in metabolic related diseases from three aspects: metabolic diseases, liver diseases, and cancers, hoping to provide some new ideas for clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Wan Y, Yang L, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. Excessive Apoptosis in Ulcerative Colitis: Crosstalk Between Apoptosis, ROS, ER Stress, and Intestinal Homeostasis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:639-648. [PMID: 34871402 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease, is characterized by the damage of mucosal epithelium and destruction of the intestinal homeostasis, which has caused a huge social and economic burden on the health system all over the world. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier defect, symbiotic flora imbalance, and dysregulated immune response. Thus far, although immune cells have become the focus of most research, it is increasingly clear that intestinal epithelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of UC. Notably, apoptosis is a vital catabolic process in cells, which is crucial to maintain the stability of intestinal environment and regulate intestinal ecology. In this review, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as excessive apoptosis in intestinal epithelial dysfunction and gut microbiology imbalance are systematically and comprehensively summarized. Further understanding the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of UC may provide a novel strategy for its therapy in clinical practices and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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18
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Zhang WY, Zhan HL, Li MK, Wu GD, Liu Z, Wu LF. Long noncoding RNA Gas5 induces cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth via activating the CHOP-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:231-247. [PMID: 34636091 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be important tumor-associated regulatory factors. LncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (Gas5) acts as an anti-oncogene in most cancers. Whether Gas5 acts as an oncogene or anti-oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression and role of Gas5 in HCC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Lower expression levels of Gas5 were determined in HCC tissues and cells by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overexpressed Gas 5 lentiviral vectors were constructed to analyze their influence on cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify the subcellular localization of Gas5. Protein complexes that bound to Gas5 were isolated from HepG2 cells through pull-down experiments and analyzed by mass spectrometry. A series of novel Gas5-interacting proteins were identified and bioinformatics analysis was carried out. These included ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in protein folding, sorting, and transportation in the ER, some nucleases and protein enzymes involved in gene transcription, translation, and other proteins with various functions.78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) was identified as a direct target of Gas5 by Rip-qPCR and Western blot analysis assay. Gas5 inhibited HepG2 cell growth and induced cell apoptosis via upregulating CHOP to activate the ER stress signaling pathway. Further studies indicated that the knockdown of CHOP by shRNA partially reversed Gas5-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the ectopic expression of Gas5 inhibited the growth of HCC in nude mice. These findings suggest that Gas5 functions as a tumor suppressor and induces apoptosis through activation of ER stress by targeting the CHOP signal pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Lian Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-Kai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guan-Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Fei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Curcumin in Combination with Aerobic Exercise Improves Follicular Dysfunction via Inhibition of the Hyperandrogen-Induced IRE1 α/XBP1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in PCOS-Like Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:7382900. [PMID: 34987702 PMCID: PMC8720591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7382900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Combining diet with exercise can improve health and performance. Exercise can reduce androgen excess and insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Curcumin is also presumed to improve the follicle development disorder. Here, we investigated the effects of a combination therapy of oral intake of curcumin and exercise on hyperandrogen-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis in rats with PCOS. We generated a PCOS model via continuous dehydroepiandrosterone subcutaneous injection into the necks of Sprague Dawley rats for 35 days. PCOS-like rats then received curcumin treatment combined with aerobic (treadmill) exercise for 8 weeks. We found that compared to control rats, the ovarian tissue and ovarian GCs of hyperandrogen-induced PCOS rats showed increased levels of ER stress-related genes and proteins. Hyperandrogen-induced ovarian GC apoptosis, which was mediated by excessive ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, could cause follicle development disorders. Both curcumin gavage and aerobic exercise improved ovarian function via inhibiting the hyperandrogen-activated ER stress IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. Dihydrotestosterone- (DHT-) induced ER stress was mitigated by curcumin/irisin or 4μ8C (an ER stress inhibitor) in primary GC culture. In this in vitro model, the strongly expressed follicular development-related genes Ar, Cyp11α1, and Cyp19α1 were also downregulated.
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20
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Chen P, Chen F, Lei J, Wang G, Zhou B. The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Urolithin B Improves Cognitive Deficits by Inhibiting Cyt C-Mediated Apoptosis and Promoting the Survival of Neurons Through the PI3K Pathway in Aging Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768097. [PMID: 34867396 PMCID: PMC8634731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite considerable advances in pharmacotherapy, more effective therapeutic interventions for aging-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain limited. Urolithin B (UB), one of the major subcategories of urolithins (microbiota metabolites) found in various tissues after ellagitannin consumption, has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of UB on brain aging in mice and its potential mechanisms were still unknown. Methods: In the current research, we first assessed the ameliorative effects of UB on oxidative injury and apoptosis induced by H2O2 in neuro-2a cells. Then a subcutaneous injection of D-galactose in mice for 8 weeks was used to establish the aging model to evaluate the protective effects of UB. The capacity of memory and learning, alterations of hippocampus histology and corresponding molecular mechanisms were all evaluated. Results: The D-gal-induced accelerated aging model in vivo demonstrated that UB could significantly ameliorate deficits in learning and memory by inhibiting the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and elevating the expression and activity of Cu, Zn-SOD and CAT. Furthermore, UB downregulated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and prevented cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria, thereby inhibiting neuronal apoptosis during the aging process. More importantly, UB stimulation of aging mice activated ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to neuronal survival along with Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and activation. Conclusion: In summary, UB effectively alleviated cognitive deficits and ameliorated brain aging-related conditions and could be considered a healthcare product to prevent aging-associated NDs such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Stasiak M, Kolenda T, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Sobocińska J, Poter P, Guglas K, Paszkowska A, Bliźniak R, Teresiak A, Kazimierczak U, Lamperska K. The World of Pseudogenes: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Cancers or Still Mystery Molecules? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121354. [PMID: 34947885 PMCID: PMC8705536 DOI: 10.3390/life11121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudogenes were once considered as “junk DNA”, due to loss of their functions as a result of the accumulation of mutations, such as frameshift and presence of premature stop-codons and relocation of genes to inactive heterochromatin regions of the genome. Pseudogenes are divided into two large groups, processed and unprocessed, according to their primary structure and origin. Only 10% of all pseudogenes are transcribed into RNAs and participate in the regulation of parental gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels through senseRNA (sRNA) and antisense RNA (asRNA). In this review, about 150 pseudogenes in the different types of cancers were analyzed. Part of these pseudogenes seem to be useful in molecular diagnostics and can be detected in various types of biological material including tissue as well as biological fluids (liquid biopsy) using different detection methods. The number of pseudogenes, as well as their function in the human genome, is still unknown. However, thanks to the development of various technologies and bioinformatic tools, it was revealed so far that pseudogenes are involved in the development and progression of certain diseases, especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Stasiak
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: or (T.K.); or (K.L.)
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paulina Poter
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Greater Poland Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Zwirki and Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Paszkowska
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (J.K.-M.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Research and Implementation Unit, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: or (T.K.); or (K.L.)
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22
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Zhou B, Lu D, Wang A, Cui J, Zhang L, Li J, Fan L, Wei W, Liu J, Sun G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes sorafenib resistance via miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1-mediated upregulation of PKM2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1051-1065. [PMID: 34786210 PMCID: PMC8569435 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which ER stress promotes sorafenib resistance in HCC. We found that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) was highly expressed in human HCC tissues and co-related with worse clinicopathologic features and overall survival. Activation of ER stress positively correlated with PKM2 expression both in HCC tissue samples and tunicamycin (TM)-induced HCC cell lines. PKM2 knockdown increased sorafenib-induced apoptosis and decreased the ability of colony formation, while upregulation of PKM2 reverses this phenomenon. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing identified that activation of ER stress significantly downregulated the expression of miR-188-5p in HCC cells. According to bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assays, we further confirmed that hnRNPA2B1 is the target gene of miR-188-5p. Downregulating the expression of hnRNPA2B1 with siRNA could decrease the expression of PKM2 and enhance sorafenib-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Our study demonstrated that ER stress could promote sorafenib resistance through upregulating PKM2 via miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1. Therefore, targeting the miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1/PKM2 pathway and ER stress may prove instrumental in overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Donghui Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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23
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Liu X, Wang Z, Wang X, Yan X, He Q, Liu S, Ye M, Li X, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yi J, Wen L, Li R. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis of porcine renal epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115753. [PMID: 34637808 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a highly toxic trichothecene that can induce toxic effects in a variety of organs and tissues, but the pathogenesis of its nephrotoxicity has not been elucidated. In this study, we assessed the involvement of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in PK-15 cells cultured at different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Cell viability, antioxidant capacity, intracellular calcium (Ca2+) content, apoptotic rate, levels of ER stress, and apoptosis-related proteins were studied. T-2 toxin inhibited cell proliferation; increased the apoptosis rate; and was accompanied by increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, altered intracellular oxidative stress marker levels, and intracellular Ca2+ overloading. The ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and PERK selective inhibitor GSK2606414 prevented the decrease of cell activity and apoptosis caused by T-2 toxin. The altered expression of glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 proved that ER stress was involved in cell injury triggered by T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin activated the phosphorylation of PERK and the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and upregulated the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby triggering ER stress via the GRP78/PERK/CHOP signaling pathway. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the nephrotoxicity of T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaona Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Qing He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Mengke Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China; Hunan Co-innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha City 410128, China.
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24
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Tan X, Cai D, Chen N, Du S, Qiao D, Yue X, Wang T, Li J, Xie W, Wang H. Methamphetamine mediates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the chop-related endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:98-110. [PMID: 34214594 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive amphetamine-type drug that has caused persistent harm to society and human health in recent years. Most studies have shown that METH severely damages the central nervous system, and this drug has been found to be toxic to the cardiovascular system in recent years. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH may also damage vascular smooth muscle. We examined the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Caspase 3 and PARP after METH treatment in vivo and in vitro and detected the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. After treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA, changes in the above indicators were examined. C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) expression was also detected, and the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis was further determined by siRNA silencing of Chop. The results indicated that METH can induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and upregulate the expression of Chop and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. Chop inhibits protein kinase B phosphorylation and further inhibits forkhead box class O3a (Foxo3a) dephosphorylation, resulting in increased p53 upregulated molecular of apoptosis (PUMA) transcription. Increased PUMA induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. These results indicate that Chop is involved in the METH-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in VSMCs and may be a potential therapeutic target for METH-induced VSMC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihao Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibing Xie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Artesunate Restrains Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Ameliorates Heart Transplantation-Induced Acute Rejection in Mice through the PERK/ATF4/CHOP Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2481907. [PMID: 34462628 PMCID: PMC8403043 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2481907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart transplantation (HT) is the only effective treatment for end-stage heart failure because it can effectively improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with heart failure. Artesunate (ART) is an artemisinin derivative, with good water solubility and higher oral bioavailability. The main aim of this study was to determine the role of ART in HT mice. Methods In animal experiments, mice were divided into the control group, HT group, low ART+HT group, and high ART+HT group. Next, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress injury, and myocardial cell apoptosis were determined in heart tissue. The proportion of multiple lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes was then determined using flow cytometry. In addition, cell experiments were conducted to determine the changes in expression of surface maturation markers of BMDC and changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species after LPS stimulation. Finally, western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (CHOP/ATF4/PERK). Results The survival time of mice in the ART treatment group was significantly prolonged and was positively correlated with the dose. In animal experiments, ART significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in heart tissue and the proportion of CD4+CD8+ T cells in spleens and lymph nodes. Moreover, ART treatment lowered the 8-OHdg in hearts and myocardial apoptosis. In cell experiments, ART treatment slowed down the development and maturation of BMDCs by inhibiting the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. Furthermore, the treatment alleviated the oxidative stress damage of BMDCs. Conclusion ART can inhibit maturation of dendritic cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway, thereby alleviating acute rejection in mice after heart transplantation.
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26
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Xiang Z, Wu Q, Wang Y, Wang P, He Y, Li J. eIF2α-ATF4 Pathway Activated by a Change in the Calcium Environment Participates in BCP-Mediated Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3256-3268. [PMID: 34191473 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic is a classic bone void filler and a common basis of new materials for bone defect repair. However, the specific mechanism of BCP in osteogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and the subsequent PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway can be activated by various factors, including trauma and intracellular calcium changes, and therefore worth exploring as a potential mechanism in BCP-mediated bone repair. Herein, a rat lateral femoral epicondyle defect model in vivo and a simulated BCP-mediated calcium environment in vitro were constructed for the analysis of BCP-related osteogenesis and the activation of ERs and the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. An inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation (salubrinal) was also used to explore the effect of the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway on BCP-mediated bone regeneration. The results showed that the ERs and eIF2α-ATF4 pathway activation were observed during 4 weeks of bone repair, with a rapid but brief increase immediately after artificial defect surgery and a re-increase after 4 weeks with the resorption of BCP materials. Mild ERs and the activated eIF2α induced by the calcium changes mediated by BCP regulated the expression of osteogenic-related proteins and had an important role during the defect repair. In conclusion, the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway activated by a change in the calcium environment participates in BCP-mediated bone regeneration. eIF2α-ATF4 and ERs could provide new directions for further studies on new materials in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Xiang
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.,The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yingyou He
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jihua Li
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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27
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Huang PS, Chang CC, Wang CS, Lin KH. Functional roles of non-coding RNAs regulated by thyroid hormones in liver cancer. Biomed J 2021; 44:272-284. [PMID: 33077406 PMCID: PMC8358202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown the important role of the non-coding part of human genome RNA (ncRNA) in cancer formation and progression. Among several kinds of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNA) play a pivotal role in cancer biology. Accumulating researches have been focused on the importance of non-coding genes in various diseases. In addition to miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been extensively documented. Recently, the study of human liver cancer has gradually shifted to these non-coding RNAs that were originally considered "junk". Notably, dysregulated ncRNAs maybe influence on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis. Thyroid hormones play critical roles in human development and abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels are associated with various diseases, such as liver cancer. Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) act as ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors to affect multiple functions through the gene-level regulation in the cells and several studies have revealed that thyroid hormone associated with ncRNAs expression. TR actions are complex and tissue- and time-specific, aberrant expression of the various TR isoforms have different effects and are associated with different types of tumor or stages of development. In this review, we discuss various aspects of the research on the thyroid hormones modulated ncRNAs to affect the functions of human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia yi, Chia yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia yi, Chia yi, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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28
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Li J, Dong W, Jiang Q, Zhang F, Dong H. LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:311-323. [PMID: 33879018 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1905138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, gastric cancer (GC) ranks first in the incidence of all malignant tumors. With high recurrence and distant metastasis, GC has caused considerable mortalities. LncRNA long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 668 (LINC00668) has been reported to be upregulated in GC cells and predict poor prognosis of GC patients. However, the mechanism of LINC00668 has not been fully investigated in GC. This study aimed to investigate the role of LINC00668 in GC. We found that LINC00668 level was upregulated in GC tissue and cells and predicted poor prognosis. Functionally, LINC00668 knockdown suppressed GC cell migration and invasion. Additionally, LINC00668 knockdown inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. PKN2 exerts similar effects with LINC00668 in GC cells. LINC00668 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, HuR was predicted to bind with LINC00668 and protein kinase N2 (PKN2). RNA pull-down assays validated the binding between HuR and LINC00668 (or PKN2). Moreover, either silencing of LINC00668 or HuR could decrease PKN2 mRNA stability or reduce PKN2 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, PKN2 expression was positively correlated with LINC00668 expression and HuR expression in GC tissues, and HuR expression was positively associated with LINC00668 expression in GC tissues. Finally, rescue assays confirmed that the suppressive effect of LINC00668 silencing on cell migration, invasion, and EMT process was reversed by PKN2 overexpression or HuR upregulation. In conclusion, LINC00668 cooperated with HuR-dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis, which may provide a potential novel insight for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutang Li
- Hongqiao International Research Institution, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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29
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Zhang ML, Peng W, Ni JQ, Chen G. Recent advances in the protective role of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: a narrative review. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:83-87. [PMID: 33818448 PMCID: PMC8130667 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized to be a novel mediator after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in the organism. It can be produced in various mammalian tissues and exert many physiological effects in many systems including the cardiovascular system. A great amount of recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous H2S and exogenous H2S-releasing compounds (such as NaHS, Na2S, and GYY4137) provide protection in many cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. In recent years, many mechanisms have been proposed and verified the protective role exhibited by H2S against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and this review is to demonstrate the protective role of exogenous and endogenous H2S on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ni
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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30
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Zhao T, Du J, Zeng H. Interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-coding RNAs in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:163. [PMID: 33267910 PMCID: PMC7709275 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive, cancer cells are subjected to various internal and external adverse factors, including genetic mutations, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies, and drug toxicity. All of these factors result in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, which leads to a condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR downstream components strictly control transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression, including that of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), to adapt to adverse environments. NcRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in regulating target gene expression and protein translation, and their aberrant expression is related to tumor development. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is involved in the regulation of various cellular characteristics of cancer cells, including growth, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug sensitivity, and tumor stem cell properties. Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can regulate each other and collaborate to determine the fate of tumor cells. Therefore, investigating the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is crucial for developing effective cancer treatment and prevention strategies. In this review, we summarize the ER stress-triggered UPR signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis followed by the mutual regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in cancer, which provide further insights into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Xie C, Li SY, Fang JH, Zhu Y, Yang JE. Functional long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:281-291. [PMID: 33129957 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent human malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep process, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of newly discovered molecules, have been revealed as essential regulators in the development of HCC. HCC-associated lncRNAs affect multiple malignant phenotypes by modulating gene expression or protein activity. Moreover, the dysregulation of lncRNAs in the liver is also associated with diseases predisposing to HCC, such as chronic viral infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. A deeper understanding of the lncRNA regulatory network in the multistep processes of HCC development will provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In this review, we introduce the biogenesis and function of lncRNAs and summarize recent knowledge on how lncRNAs regulate the malignant hallmarks of HCC, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, resistance to cell death, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We also review emerging insights into the role of lncRNAs in HCC-associated liver diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of lncRNAs as early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Song-Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian-Hong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin-E Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Liu X, Jiang N, Xu X, Liu C, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Kang W. Anti-Hepatoma Compound Determination by the Method of Spectrum Effect Relationship, Component Knock-Out, and UPLC-MS 2 in Scheflera heptaphylla (L.)Frodin Harms and Its Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1342. [PMID: 33013373 PMCID: PMC7509203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheflera heptaphylla (L.)Frodin, a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, is commonly used in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and hemostasis. This study aimed to determine the anti-hepatoma components and its mechanism from the leaves of S. heptaphylla. The spectrum-effect relationships were analyzed by the method of Partial least squares, indicating that P1, P2, and P10 were positively correlated to inhibitory activity of Huh7 cells. Whereas others were negatively correlated. The technologies of component knock-out and UPLC-MS2 were used to determine compounds as 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (P6), 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (P7), 3α-Hydroxy-lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid (P10, named Compound A). The results forecasted that Compound A had the best correlation with inhibitory activity. The effects of Compound A on the activities of human hepatoma cells (Huh7, SMMC-7721, HepG 2) and normal hepatocytes (L0-2, Chang liver) were evaluated. Cell apoptosis was observed with inverted microscope and flow cytometer. In addition, the proteins, related to apoptosis, were detected by Western blot. The results showed that Compound A (400 nM) could significantly inhibit the activity of three hepatoma cells (P < 0.001) with slight toxicity to normal hepatocytes, and the IC50 values were 285.3 and 315.1 nM, respectively, which were consistent with the prediction of spectrum-effect relationships. After treatment with Compound A, the number of hepatoma cells decreased significantly. And the apoptosis rate of Huh7 cells increased significantly (P < 0.001) in Compound A (200, 400 nM) groups, SMMC-7721 and HepG 2 were directly necrotic. Compound A groups could significantly improve the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) in Huh7 with no effect on normal hepatocytes. The content of apoptotic protein (Bax and Bim) in mitochondria was significantly increased in Compound A groups (P < 0.001). On the contrary, the content of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) decreased significantly (P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that Compound A was the main anti-hepatoma active component in the S. heptaphylla leaves. It achieved the effect of promoting apoptosis of Huh7 cells by regulating the levels of ROS and Bcl-2 family protein in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cunyu Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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