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Jacobson PB, Mothe A, Levy A, Krakovsky M, Hooker BA, Zhang X, Mollon J, Mordashova Y, Droescher M, Weiss S, Barghorn S, Dreher I, Awwad K, Nimmrich V, Huang L, Fung E, Buck WR, Pfleeger K, Ziemann A, Smith E, Fox GB, Tator CH, Gold M. Neutralizing RGMa with Elezanumab Promotes Cerebroprotection and Recovery in Rabbit Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:805-817. [PMID: 37326791 PMCID: PMC11226526 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is an inhibitor of neuronal growth and survival which is upregulated in the damaged central nervous system following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and other neuropathological conditions. Neutralization of RGMa is neuroprotective and promotes neuroplasticity in several preclinical models of neurodegeneration and injury including multiple sclerosis, AIS, and SCI. Given the limitations of current treatments for AIS due to narrow time windows to intervention (TTI), and restrictive patient selection criteria, there is significant unmet need for therapeutic agents that enable tissue survival and repair following acute ischemic damage for a broader population of stroke patients. In this preclinical study, we evaluated whether elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody, could improve neuromotor function and modulate neuroinflammatory cell activation following AIS with delayed intervention times up to 24 h using a rabbit embolic permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). In two replicate 28-day pMCAO studies, weekly intravenous infusions of elezanumab, over a range of doses and TTIs of 6 and 24 h after stroke, significantly improved neuromotor function in both pMCAO studies when first administered 6 h after stroke. All elezanumab treatment groups, including the 24 h TTI group, had significantly less neuroinflammation as assessed by microglial and astrocyte activation. The novel mechanism of action and potential for expanding TTI in human AIS make elezanumab distinct from current acute reperfusion therapies, and support evaluation in clinical trials of acute CNS damage to determine optimal dose and TTI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer B Jacobson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Andrea Mothe
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | | | | | - Bradley A Hooker
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Jennifer Mollon
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, 67061, KnollstrasseLudwigshafen, Germany
| | - Yulia Mordashova
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, 67061, KnollstrasseLudwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mathias Droescher
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiss
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barghorn
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Dreher
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Khader Awwad
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Volker Nimmrich
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lili Huang
- AbbVie Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Emma Fung
- AbbVie Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wayne R Buck
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Kimberly Pfleeger
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Adam Ziemann
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Elaine Smith
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Gerard B Fox
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Charles H Tator
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Michael Gold
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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Gao Y, Sheng D, Chen W. Regulatory mechanism of miR-20a-5p in neuronal damage and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells and MPTP-HCl-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:752-764. [PMID: 38664198 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevailing neurodegenerative disorder increasingly affecting the elderly population. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PD has been confirmed. We sought to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-20a-5p in PD. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cell model and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl)-induced PD mouse model were established. miR-20a-5p, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and IL-10 expression in BV2 cells was examined by reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptotic rate and levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and signal transducer and activator of transmission (STAT)3 were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Bioinformatics software predicted the potential binding sites of miR-20a-5p and STAT3. Dual-luciferase experiment verified the binding relationship. Iba1-positive and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell numbers in substantia nigra pars compacta were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of miR-20a-5p on motor function in MPTP-induced PD mice was detected by Rota-rod test, Pole test, Traction test and Beam-crossing task. RESULTS miR-20a-5p was under-expressed in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Overexpression of miR-20a-5p increased the viability of LPS-induced BV2 cells and reduced apoptosis rates. Moreover, overexpression of miR-20a-5p reduced cleaved caspase-3, Bax, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased Bcl-2 and TGF-β1, and IL-10. miR-20a-5p targeted STAT3. STAT3 overexpression partially reversed miR-20a-5p overexpression-mediated effects on LPS-induced BV2 cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. miR-20a-5p overexpression inhibited MPTP-induced STAT3 and α-synuclein levels, microglia activation, and inflammatory response, and reduced the loss of TH-positive cells in mice. miR-20a-5p overexpression ameliorated MPTP-induced dyskinesia in PD model mice. CONCLUSION miR-20a-5p alleviates neuronal damage and suppresses inflammation by targeting STAT3 in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Gao
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Dan Sheng
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Weiguang Chen
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Müller T, Riederer P. The vicious circle between homocysteine, methyl group-donating vitamins and chronic levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:631-638. [PMID: 37329350 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker for declined methylation capacity is elevation of homocysteine levels. They increase the risk for onset of vascular disease and contribute to progression of chronic neurodegeneration and aging. This narrative review discusses associations between homocysteine, consumption of methyl group-donating vitamins and impact on disease-generating mechanisms in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. We conclude to recommend levodopa-treated patients to substitute themselves with methyl group-donating vitamins. This is harmless in terms of application of folic acid, methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. Moreover, we suggest a crucial discussion on the value of the various popular hypotheses on Parkinson's disease-generating mechanisms. Findings from studies with acute levodopa exposure describe oxidative stress generation and impaired methylation capacity, which causes gene dysfunction. Their repeated occurrences contribute to onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, iron enrichment and pathologic protein accumulation in the long term. Current research underestimates these epigenetic, metabolic consequences of chronic levodopa application. Supplementary treatment strategies are recommended to avoid levodopa-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstr. 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Cheng R, Jiang A, Qin X. Knockdown of RGMA improves ischemic stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:41-56. [PMID: 38556067 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal energy metabolism dysregulation is involved in various pathologies of Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), yet the role of RGMA in neuronal metabolic reprogramming has not been reported. In this study, we found that RGMA expression significantly increased after I/R, and compared to control mice, mice with MCAO/R showed an increase in glycolytic metabolic products and the expression of glycolytic pathway proteins. Furthermore, RGMA levels are closely related to neuronal energy metabolism. We discovered that knockdown of RGMA can shift neuronal energy metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway, thereby protecting mice from ischemic reperfusion injury. Mechanistically, knockdown of RGMA can downregulate PGK1 expression, reducing the increase in glycolytic flux following ischemia reperfusion. Moreover, we found that knockdown of RGMA can reduce the interaction between USP10 and PGK1, thus affecting the ubiquitination degradation of PGK1. In summary, our data suggest that RGMA may regulate neuronal energy metabolism by inhibiting the USP10-mediated deubiquitination of PGK1, thus protecting it from I/R injury. This study provides new ideas for clarifying the intrinsic mechanism of neuronal damage after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shaoru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ruiqi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Shimizu M, Shiraishi N, Tada S, Sasaki T, Beck G, Nagano S, Kinoshita M, Sumi H, Sugimoto T, Ishida Y, Koda T, Ishikura T, Sugiyama Y, Kihara K, Kanakura M, Nakajima T, Takeda S, Takahashi MP, Yamashita T, Okuno T, Mochizuki H. RGMa collapses the neuronal actin barrier against disease-implicated protein and exacerbates ALS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3193. [PMID: 37992159 PMCID: PMC10665002 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) was originally identified as a neuronal growth cone-collapsing factor. Previous reports have demonstrated the multifunctional roles of RGMa mediated by neogenin1. However, the pathogenic involvement of RGMa in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that RGMa concentration was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of both patients with ALS and transgenic mice overexpressing the mutant human superoxide dismutase1 (mSOD1 mice). Treatment with humanized anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody ameliorated the clinical symptoms in mSOD1 mice. Histochemical analysis revealed that the anti-RGMa antibody significantly decreased mutant SOD1 protein accumulation in the motor neurons of mSOD1 mice via inhibition of actin depolymerization. In vitro analysis revealed that the anti-RGMa antibody inhibited the cellular uptake of the mutant SOD1 protein, presumably by reinforcing the neuronal actin barrier. Collectively, these data suggest that RGMa leads to the collapse of the neuronal actin barrier and promotes aberrant protein deposition, resulting in exacerbation of the ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Tada
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka-Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Data Science, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Ishikura
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Kihara
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Kanakura
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Nakajima
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori P. Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Shen G, Xiao H, Huang S, Yuan X, Rongrong Z, Ma Y, Qin X. Knockdown of repulsive guidance molecule a promotes polarization of microglia into an anti-inflammatory phenotype after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105546. [PMID: 37169181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to influence neuroinflammatory-related diseases in addition to regulating neuronal differentiation and survival during brain development. However, any function or mechanism of RGMa in the polarization of microglia after ischemic stroke remains unclear. In the current study, RGMa was found to be expressed at reduced levels in microglia after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. RGMa overexpression induced HAPI microglia to predominantly polarize to the M1 phenotype, promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines and knockdown induced the M2 phenotype, promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. RGMa overexpression also regulated the polarization of HAPI microglia by inhibiting the transportation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) from the nucleus to cytoplasm. The opposite effect resulted from RGMa-knockdown and was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. In addition, RGMa-knockdown HAPI microglial conditioned medium improved the survival of oligodendrocytes after OGD/R in vitro. Thus, inhibition of RGMa may constitute a therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanru Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhang Rongrong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Anirudhan A, Mattethra GC, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Patil S, Sharma A, Paramasivam P, Ahmed SSSJ. Eleven Crucial Pesticides Appear to Regulate Key Genes That Link MPTP Mechanism to Cause Parkinson's Disease through the Selective Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 37508933 PMCID: PMC10377611 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides kill neurons, but the mechanism leading to selective dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. Understanding the pesticide's effect on dopaminergic neurons (DA) can help to screen and treat PD. The critical uptake of pesticides by the membrane receptors at DA is hypothesized to activate a signaling cascade and accelerate degeneration. Using MPTP as a reference, we demonstrate the mechanisms of eleven crucial pesticides through molecular docking, protein networks, regulatory pathways, and prioritization of key pesticide-regulating proteins. Participants were recruited and grouped into control and PD based on clinical characteristics as well as pesticide traces in their blood plasma. Then, qPCR was used to measure pesticide-associated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between groups. As a result of molecular docking, all eleven pesticides and the MPTP showed high binding efficiency against 274 membrane receptor proteins of DA. Further, the protein interaction networks showed activation of multiple signaling cascades through these receptors. Subsequent analysis revealed 31 biological pathways shared by all 11pesticides and MPTP that were overrepresented by 46 crucial proteins. Among these, CTNNB1, NDUFS6, and CAV1 were prioritized to show a significant change in gene expression in pesticide-exposed PD which guides toward therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Anirudhan
- Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Kuttapuzha, Thiruvalla 689103, Kerala, India
| | - George Chandy Mattethra
- Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Kuttapuzha, Thiruvalla 689103, Kerala, India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Regional Department of Bioengineering, NatProLab-Plant Innovation Lab, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Prabu Paramasivam
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shiek S S J Ahmed
- Drug Discovery & Omics Lab, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Endothelial LRP1-ICD Accelerates Cognition-Associated Alpha-Synuclein Pathology and Neurodegeneration through PARP1 Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:979-1003. [PMID: 36394710 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into Lewy bodies. In addition to motor impairment, PD commonly presents with cognitive impairment, a non-motor symptom with poor outcome. Cortical αSyn pathology correlates closely with vascular risk factors and vascular degeneration in cognitive impairment. However, how the brain microvasculature regulates αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we constructed a rapidly progressive PD model by injecting alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (αSyn PFFs) into the cerebral cortex and striatum. Brain capillaries in mice with cognitive impairment showed a reduction in diameter and length after 6 months, along with string vessel formation. The intracellular domain of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1-ICD) was upregulated in brain microvascular endothelium. LRP1-ICD promoted αSyn PFF uptake and exacerbated endothelial damage and neuronal apoptosis. Then, we overexpressed LRP1-ICD in brain capillaries using an adeno-associated virus carrying an endothelial-specific promoter. Endothelial LRP1-ICD worsened αSyn PFF-induced vascular damage, αSyn pathology, or neuron death in the cortex and hippocampus, resulting in severe motor and cognitive impairment. LRP1-ICD increased the synthesis of poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) in the presence of αSyn PFFs. Inhibition of PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) prevented vascular-derived injury, as did loss of PARP1 in the endothelium, which was further implicated in endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation. Together, we demonstrate a novel vascular mechanism of cognitive impairment in PD. These findings support a role for endothelial LRP1-ICD/PARP1 in αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration, and provide evidence for vascular protection strategies in PD therapy.
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Zhong J, Liao J, Zhang R, Zhou C, Wang Z, Huang S, Huang D, Yang M, Zhang L, Ma Y, Qin X. Reduced plasma levels of RGM-A predict stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A prospective clinical study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:949515. [PMID: 36188375 PMCID: PMC9523133 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.949515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome is considered the major etiology of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGM-A) is an immunomodulatory protein that is closely related to inflammation and immune responses. To explore the relationship between RGM-A and SAP and facilitate the early identification of patients at high risk of developing SAP, we investigated the predictive value of RGM-A in SAP. Methods We enrolled 178 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and finally analyzed 150 patients, among whom 69 had SAP and 81 had non-SAP. During the same period, 40 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and 40 healthy participants were included as controls. SAP was defined according to the modified US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Blood samples were collected at 24 h, 48 h, 3 days, 4 to 7 days, and 8 to 14 days after stroke onset. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the plasma levels of RGM-A and interleukin-6. Results The plasma RGM-A levels were significantly decreased in both patients with community-acquired pneumonia and those with AIS, and the decline was most pronounced in patients with SAP (P < 0.001). RGM-A started to decline within 24 h after stroke in the SAP group, and the lowest levels were detected on day 3 and days 4 to 7 (P < 0.001). The RGM-A levels in the SAP group were lower than those in the non-SAP group at all blood collection time points (P < 0.05). In the logistic regression analyses, RGM-A was a protective factor for SAP after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.091–0.538, P = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for RGM-A was 0.766 (0.091–0.538; P = 0.001), the cutoff value was 4.881 ng/mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.00 and 76.36%, respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated that reduced plasma levels of RGM-A might help in the early identification of high-risk patients with SAP and predict the occurrence of SAP in patients with AIS. RGM-A might provide new clues to a potential alternative therapy for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyue Qin
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10
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Mothe AJ, Jacobson PB, Caprelli M, Ulndreaj A, Rahemipour R, Huang L, Monnier PP, Fehlings MG, Tator CH. Delayed administration of elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa neutralizing monoclonal antibody, promotes recovery following cervical spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105812. [PMID: 35810963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a cascade of degenerative events including cell death, axonal degeneration, and the upregulation of inhibitory molecules which limit repair. Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is an axon growth inhibitor which is also involved in neuronal cell death and differentiation. SCI causes upregulation of RGMa in the injured rodent, non-human primate, and human spinal cord. Recently, we showed that delayed administration of elezanumab, a high affinity human RGMa-specific monoclonal antibody, promoted neuroprotective and regenerative effects following thoracic SCI. Since most human traumatic SCI is at the cervical level, and level-dependent anatomical and molecular differences may influence pathophysiological responses to injury and treatment, we examined the efficacy of elezanumab and its therapeutic time window of administration in a clinically relevant rat model of cervical impact-compression SCI. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma and spinal cord tissue lysate showed comparable levels of RGMa antibodies with delayed administration following cervical SCI. At 12w after SCI, elezanumab promoted long term benefits including perilesional sparing of motoneurons and increased neuroplasticity of key descending pathways involved in locomotion and fine motor function. Elezanumab also promoted growth of corticospinal axons into spinal cord gray matter and enhanced serotonergic innervation of the ventral horn to form synaptic connections caudal to the cervical lesion. Significant recovery in grip and trunk/core strength, locomotion and gait, and spontaneous voiding ability was found in rats treated with elezanumab either immediately post-injury or at 3 h post-SCI, and improvements in specific gait parameters were found when elezanumab was delayed to 24 h post-injury. We also developed a new locomotor score, the Cervical Locomotor Score, a simple and sensitive measure of trunk/core and limb strength and stability during dynamic locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Mothe
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada.
| | - Peer B Jacobson
- Department of Translational Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mitchell Caprelli
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Antigona Ulndreaj
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Radmehr Rahemipour
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Huang
- AbbVie Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, ON, Canada
| | - Charles H Tator
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute & University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, ON, Canada.
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11
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Yu T, Huo L, Lei J, Sun JJ, Wang H. Modulation of Microglia M2 Polarization and Alleviation of Hippocampal Neuron Injury By MiR-106b-5p/RGMa in a Mouse Model of Status Epilepticus. Inflammation 2022; 45:2223-2242. [PMID: 35789312 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA miR-106b-5p has been linked to epilepsy, but its specific role and mechanism of action remain unclear. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and an in vitro system of HT22 hippocampal cells treated with Mg2+-free solution and cocultured with BV2 microglia cells. We found that inhibiting miR-106b-5p expression promoted microglia M2 polarization, reduced the inflammatory response, and alleviated neuronal injury. These effects involved modulation of the repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa)-Rac1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axis. Our results suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting miR-106b-5p or downstream factors can be effective in preventing epileptogenesis or treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China.
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12
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Zhang L, Tang S, Ma Y, Liu J, Monnier P, Li H, Zhang R, Yu G, Zhang M, Li Y, Feng J, Qin X. RGMa Participates in the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Through BMP/BMPR/YAP Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861486. [PMID: 35664003 PMCID: PMC9159795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS) through the dysfunctional blood–brain barrier (BBB) was critical in the early stages of MS. However, the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction remain unknown. Repulsive guidance molecule-a (RGMa) is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role needs to be further explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether RMGa regulates BBB permeability in endothelial cells and MS, and if so, what mechanism may be involved. We created an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice and a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) culture. The permeability of the BBB is measured in response to various interventions. Our results showed that RGMa is expressed in the endothelial cells in HBMECs and EAE mice. RGMa and its signaling counterpart, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)/bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII), were gradually increased as the disease progressed. Moreover, as EAE progressed and the BBB was disrupted, the downstream effector, yes-associated protein (YAP), as well as the tight junctional proteins zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5, decreased significantly. The permeability assay revealed that lentivirus-induced RGMa overexpression in HBMECs caused a significant breakdown of the BBB, whereas RGMa knockdown significantly strengthens the integrity of the BBB. Furthermore, specifically activating BMPR II or inhibiting YAP based on RGMa knockdown results in a significant decrease of ZO-1 and claudin-5 in vitro. On the contrary, inhibition of BMPR II or activation of YAP after upregulating RGMa prevents the downregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-5 in HBMECs. In addition, serum-soluble RGMa (sRGMa) levels were significantly higher in MS patients, particularly in MS patients with Gd+ lesions, indicating that the BBB has been disrupted. In conclusion, this study shows that RGMa causes BBB dysfunction in endothelial cells via BMP2/BMPR II/YAP, resulting in BBB integrity disruption in MS and that it could be a novel therapeutic target for BBB permeability in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Philippe Monnier
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhou Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Müller T. Perspective: cell death mechanisms and early diagnosis as precondition for disease modification in Parkinson's disease: are we on the right track? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:403-409. [PMID: 35400295 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2065198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current research paradigms on biomarkers for chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, focus on identification of reliable, easy-to-apply tools for diagnostic screening and progression assessment. AREAS COVERED This perspective discusses possible misconceptions of biomarker research in chronic neurodegeneration from a clinician's view based on a not systematic literature search. Multifactorial disease triggers, heterogeneity of symptom and their progression are main reasons for the still missing availability of biomarkers. EXPERT OPINION Onset of chronic neurodegenerative disease entities may probably result from a decompensated endogenous repair machinery in the central nervous system, for example the neogenin receptor associated repulsive guidance molecule pathway. Future clinical research is warranted on these repair structures and aim to identify markers for the imbalance between damage and repair, which hypothetically contributes to generation of disease. An assignment to a specific chronic neurodegenerative disease entity probably appears to be secondary. Decryption of probable molecular signals of an impaired repair potential will enable an earlier diagnosis, better monitoring of disease progress and of treatment response. This concept will hopefully provide better preconditions for prevention, cure or therapeutic beneficial disease modification. These unmet therapeutic needs may be achieved for example via antagonism of repulsive guidance molecule A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of NeurologySt. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Gartenstr.1 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Hu Q, Chen Z, Yuan X, Li S, Zhang R, Qin X. Common Polymorphisms in the RGMa Promoter Are Associated With Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis Burden in Chinese Han Patients With Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:743868. [PMID: 34722675 PMCID: PMC8554026 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.743868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) plays a vital role in the progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. However, whether it participates in atherosclerosis development is not known. Here, we explored the influence of RGMa in atherogenesis by investigating whether an association exists between functional polymorphisms in the RGMa promoter and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis burden (CAB) in Chinese Han patients diagnosed with acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident. To this end, we conducted a genetic association study on 201 patients with prior diagnoses of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack recruited from our hospital. After admission, we conducted three targeted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping and evaluated CAB by computed tomography angiography. We used logistic regression modeling to analyze genetic associations. Functional polymorphism analysis indicated an independent association between the rs725458 T allele and increased CAB in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–2.74, P = 0.046]. In contrast, an association between the rs4778099 AA genotype and decreased CAB (adjusted OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01–0.77, P = 0.027) was found. Our Gene Expression Omnibus analysis revealed lower RGMa levels in the atherosclerotic aortas and in the macrophages isolated from plaques than that in the normal aortas and macrophages from normal tissue, respectively. In conclusion, the relationship between RGMa and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis suggests that RGMa has a potential vasoprotective effect. The two identified functional SNPs (rs725458 and rs4778099) we identified in the RGMa promoter are associated with CAB in patients diagnosed with acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident. These findings offer a promising research direction for RGMa-related translational studies on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenlei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shucheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Huang L, Fung E, Bose S, Popp A, Böser P, Memmott J, Kutskova YA, Miller R, Tarcsa E, Klein C, Veldman GM, Mueller BK, Cui YF. Elezanumab, a clinical stage human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets repulsive guidance molecule A to promote neuroregeneration and neuroprotection in neuronal injury and demyelination models. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105492. [PMID: 34478849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a potent inhibitor of axonal growth and a regulator of neuronal cell death. It is up-regulated following neuronal injury and accumulates in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Neutralizing RGMa has the potential to promote neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Previously we reported that a rat anti-N terminal RGMa (N-RGMa) antibody r5F9 and its humanized version h5F9 (ABT-207) promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models. However, due to its cross-reactivity to RGMc/hemojuvelin, ABT-207 causes iron accumulation in vivo, which could present a safety liability. Here we report the generation and characterization of a novel RGMa-selective anti-N-RGMa antibody elezanumab, which is currently under Phase 2 clinical evaluation in multiple disease indications. Elezanumab, a human monoclonal antibody generated by in vitro PROfusion mRNA display technology, competes with ABT-207 in binding to N-RGMa but lacks RGMc cross-reactivity with no impact on iron metabolism. It neutralizes repulsive activity of soluble RGMa in vitro and blocks membrane RGMa mediated BMP signaling. In the optic nerve crush and optic neuritis models, elezanumab promotes axonal regeneration and prevents retinal nerve fiber layer degeneration. In the spinal targeted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, elezanumab promotes axonal regeneration and remyelination, decreases inflammatory lesion area and improves functional recovery. Finally, in the mouse cuprizone model, elezanumab reduces demyelination, which is consistent with its inhibitory effect on BMP signaling. Taken together, these preclinical data demonstrate that elezanumab has neuroregenerative and neuroprotective activities without impact on iron metabolism, thus providing a compelling rationale for its clinical development in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Emma Fung
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Sahana Bose
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Andreas Popp
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
| | - Preethne Böser
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
| | - John Memmott
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Yuliya A Kutskova
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Renee Miller
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Edit Tarcsa
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Corinna Klein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
| | | | - Bernhard K Mueller
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
| | - Yi-Fang Cui
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
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16
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Müller T. View Point: Disease Modification and Cell Secretome Based Approaches in Parkinson's Disease: Are We on the Right Track? Biologics 2021; 15:307-316. [PMID: 34349499 PMCID: PMC8328382 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s267281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The term idiopathic Parkinson's disease describes an entity of various not well-characterized disorders resembling each other. They are characterized by chronic neuronal dying originating from various disease mechanisms. They result in the onset of motor and related non-motor features, both of which respond to administration of personalized drug combinations and surgical therapies. The unmet need is beneficial disease course modification with repair and neurogenesis. Objectives are to discuss the value of cell secretome based treatments including neuronal graft transplantation and to suggest as an alternative the stimulation of an endogenous available approach for neuronal repair. Chronic neurodegenerative processes result from different heterogeneous, but complementing metabolic, pathological cascade sequences. Accumulated evidence from experimental research suggested neuron transplantation, stem cell application and cell secretome-based therapies as a promising future treatment with cure as an ultimate goal. To date, clinical testing of disease-modifying treatments has focused on substitution or repair of the remaining dopamine synthesizing neurons following diagnosis. At diagnosis, many of the still surviving and functioning, but already affected neurons have lost most of their axons and are primed for cell death. A more promising therapeutic concept may be the stimulation of an existing, endogenous repair system in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The abundant protein repulsive guidance molecule A blocks restoration and neurogenesis, both of which are mediated via the neogenin receptor. Inhibition of the physiological effects of repulsive guidance molecule A is an endogenous available repair pathway in chronic neurodegeneration. Antagonism of this protein with antibodies or stimulation of the neogenin receptor should be considered as an initial repair step. It is an alternative to cell replacement, stem cell or associated cell secretome concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Berlin, 13088, Germany
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17
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Perspective: Treatment for Disease Modification in Chronic Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040873. [PMID: 33921342 PMCID: PMC8069143 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic treatments are available for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. An unmet need is cure or disease modification. This review discusses possible reasons for negative clinical study outcomes on disease modification following promising positive findings from experimental research. It scrutinizes current research paradigms for disease modification with antibodies against pathological protein enrichment, such as α-synuclein, amyloid or tau, based on post mortem findings. Instead a more uniform regenerative and reparative therapeutic approach for chronic neurodegenerative disease entities is proposed with stimulation of an endogenously existing repair system, which acts independent of specific disease mechanisms. The repulsive guidance molecule A pathway is involved in the regulation of peripheral and central neuronal restoration. Therapeutic antagonism of repulsive guidance molecule A reverses neurodegeneration according to experimental outcomes in numerous disease models in rodents and monkeys. Antibodies against repulsive guidance molecule A exist. First clinical studies in neurological conditions with an acute onset are under way. Future clinical trials with these antibodies should initially focus on well characterized uniform cohorts of patients. The efficiency of repulsive guidance molecule A antagonism and associated stimulation of neurogenesis should be demonstrated with objective assessment tools to counteract dilution of therapeutic effects by subjectivity and heterogeneity of chronic disease entities. Such a research concept will hopefully enhance clinical test strategies and improve the future therapeutic armamentarium for chronic neurodegeneration.
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