1
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Garnish SE, Horne CR, Meng Y, Young SN, Jacobsen AV, Hildebrand JM, Murphy JM. Inhibitors identify an auxiliary role for mTOR signalling in necroptosis execution downstream of MLKL activation. Biochem J 2024; 481:1125-1142. [PMID: 39136677 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic and pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like) pseudokinase. Downstream of death and Toll-like receptor stimulation, MLKL is trafficked to the plasma membrane via the Golgi-, actin- and microtubule-machinery, where activated MLKL accumulates until a critical lytic threshold is exceeded and cell death ensues. Mechanistically, MLKL's lytic function relies on disengagement of the N-terminal membrane-permeabilising four-helix bundle domain from the central autoinhibitory brace helix: a process that can be experimentally mimicked by introducing the R30E MLKL mutation to induce stimulus-independent cell death. Here, we screened a library of 429 kinase inhibitors for their capacity to block R30E MLKL-mediated cell death, to identify co-effectors in the terminal steps of necroptotic signalling. We identified 13 compounds - ABT-578, AR-A014418, AZD1480, AZD5363, Idelalisib, Ipatasertib, LJI308, PHA-793887, Rapamycin, Ridaforolimus, SMI-4a, Temsirolimus and Tideglusib - each of which inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling or regulators thereof, and blocked constitutive cell death executed by R30E MLKL. Our study implicates mTOR signalling as an auxiliary factor in promoting the transport of activated MLKL oligomers to the plasma membrane, where they accumulate into hotspots that permeabilise the lipid bilayer to cause cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Xia X, Li J, Yu J, Ren P, Liu M, Hou J, Teng Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Bai Y. Modulatory effects of necroptosis: A potential preventive approach to control diseases in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109802. [PMID: 39096982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent programmed cell death process characterized by morphological similarities to necrosis and the potential to cause significant inflammatory reactions. The initiation, execution, and inhibition of necroptosis involve a complex interplay of various signaling proteins. When death receptors bind to ligands, necroptosis is triggered through the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/RIPK3/Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) axis, leading to inflammatory reactions in the surrounding tissues. This process encompasses numerous physiological regulatory mechanisms and contributes to the development and progression of certain diseases. The mechanisms of necroptosis were not well conserved across terrestrial and aquatic organisms, with differences in some components and functions. Given the significant challenges that aquatic animal diseases pose to aquaculture, research interest in necroptosis has surged recently, particularly in studies focusing on fish. Understanding necroptosis in fish can lead to interventions that offer potential breakthroughs in disease inhibition and fish health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- Qingdao Ahreal Biotechnology Co., LTD, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhanwei Teng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yilin Bai
- Laboratory of Indigenous Cattle Germplasm Innovation, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, PR China.
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3
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Pang H, Huang G, Xie Z, Zhou Z. The role of regulated necrosis in diabetes and its complications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:495-505. [PMID: 38393662 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Morphologically, cell death can be divided into apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis, which is a type of regulated cell death, is well tolerated by the immune system and is responsible for hemostasis and cellular turnover under physiological conditions. In contrast, necrosis is defined as a form of passive cell death that leads to a dramatic inflammatory response (also referred to as necroinflammation) and causes organ dysfunction under pathological conditions. Recently, a novel form of cell death named regulated necrosis (such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) was discovered. Distinct from apoptosis, regulated necrosis is modulated by multiple internal or external factors, but meanwhile, it results in inflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence has indicated that regulated necrosis is associated with multiple diseases, including diabetes. Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance, and long-term high glucose leads to various diabetes-related complications. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and introduce recent advances in characterizing the associations between these three types of regulated necrosis and diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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4
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Della Torre L, Beato A, Capone V, Carannante D, Verrilli G, Favale G, Del Gaudio N, Megchelenbrink WL, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V. Involvement of regulated cell deaths in aging and age-related pathologies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102251. [PMID: 38428821 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a pathophysiological process that causes a gradual and permanent reduction in all biological system functions. The phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of endogenous and exogenous damage as a result of several stressors, resulting in significantly increased risks of various age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. In addition, aging appears to be connected with mis-regulation of programmed cell death (PCD), which is required for regular cell turnover in many tissues sustained by cell division. According to the recent nomenclature, PCDs are physiological forms of regulated cell death (RCD) useful for normal tissue development and turnover. To some extent, some cell types are connected with a decrease in RCD throughout aging, whereas others are related with an increase in RCD. Perhaps the widespread decline in RCD markers with age is due to a slowdown of the normal rate of homeostatic cell turnover in various adult tissues. As a result, proper RCD regulation requires a careful balance of many pro-RCD and anti-RCD components, which may render cell death signaling pathways more sensitive to maladaptive signals during aging. Current research, on the other hand, tries to further dive into the pathophysiology of aging in order to develop therapies that improve health and longevity. In this scenario, RCD handling might be a helpful strategy for human health since it could reduce the occurrence and development of age-related disorders, promoting healthy aging and lifespan. In this review we propose a general overview of the most recent RCD mechanisms and their connection with the pathophysiology of aging in order to promote targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Beato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenza Capone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Daniela Carannante
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Giulia Verrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Gregorio Favale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Wouter Leonard Megchelenbrink
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Ariano Irpino 83031, Italy; IEOS CNR, Napoli 80138, Italy; Programma di Epigenetica Medica, A.O.U. "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Ariano Irpino 83031, Italy.
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5
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Wu X, Nagy LE, Gautheron J. Mediators of necroptosis: from cell death to metabolic regulation. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:219-237. [PMID: 38195700 PMCID: PMC10897313 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism distinct from apoptosis, has garnered attention for its role in various pathological conditions. While initially recognized for its involvement in cell death, recent research has revealed that key necroptotic mediators, including receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), possess additional functions that go beyond inducing cell demise. These functions encompass influencing critical aspects of metabolic regulation, such as energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This review provides insight into the multifaceted role of necroptosis, encompassing both cell death and these extra-necroptotic functions, in the context of metabolic diseases. Understanding this intricate interplay is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies in diseases that currently lack effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, 75012, France.
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6
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Hao K, Xu H, Jiang S, Sun L. Paralichthys olivaceus MLKL-mediated necroptosis is activated by RIPK1/3 and involved in anti-microbial immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348866. [PMID: 38292869 PMCID: PMC10825024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of proinflammatory programmed necrosis essential for innate immunity. The receptor interacting protein kinases 1/3 (RIPK1/3) and the substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are core components of the necroptotic axis. The activation and immunological function of necroptosis in fish remain elusive. Herein, we studied the function and activation of RIPK1/3 (PoRIPK1/3) and MLKL (PoMLKL) in teleost Paralichthys olivaceus. Bacterial infection increased the expression of RIPK1/3 and MLKL. The N-terminal four-helix bundle (4HB) domain of PoMLKL exhibited necroptosis-inducing activity, and the C-terminal pseudokinase domain exerted auto-inhibitory effect on the 4HB domain. PoRIPK3 was capable of phosphorylating the T360/S361 residues in the PoMLKL C-terminal domain and initiated necroptosis, and this necroptosis-inducing activity was enhanced by PoRIPK1. PoRIPK1/3 interacted with PoMLKL in a manner that depended on the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM), and deletion of RHIM from PoRIPK1/3 led to the dissociation of PoRIPK1/3 with PoMLKL. Inhibition of PoMLKL-mediated necroptosis increased Edwardsiella tarda infection in fish cells and tissues, and led to significantly enhanced lethality of the host. Taken together, these results revealed the activation mechanism of PoRIPK1/3-PoMLKL signaling pathway and the immunological function of necroptosis in the immune defense of teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Hao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Garnish SE, Martin KR, Kauppi M, Jackson VE, Ambrose R, Eng VV, Chiou S, Meng Y, Frank D, Tovey Crutchfield EC, Patel KM, Jacobsen AV, Atkin-Smith GK, Di Rago L, Doerflinger M, Horne CR, Hall C, Young SN, Cook M, Athanasopoulos V, Vinuesa CG, Lawlor KE, Wicks IP, Ebert G, Ng AP, Slade CA, Pearson JS, Samson AL, Silke J, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM. A common human MLKL polymorphism confers resistance to negative regulation by phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6046. [PMID: 37770424 PMCID: PMC10539340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, 2-3% of humans carry the p.Ser132Pro single nucleotide polymorphism in MLKL, the terminal effector protein of the inflammatory form of programmed cell death, necroptosis. Here we show that this substitution confers a gain in necroptotic function in human cells, with more rapid accumulation of activated MLKLS132P in biological membranes and MLKLS132P overriding pharmacological and endogenous inhibition of MLKL. In mouse cells, the equivalent Mlkl S131P mutation confers a gene dosage dependent reduction in sensitivity to TNF-induced necroptosis in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, but enhanced sensitivity to IFN-β induced death in non-hematopoietic cells. In vivo, MlklS131P homozygosity reduces the capacity to clear Salmonella from major organs and retards recovery of hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, by dysregulating necroptosis, the S131P substitution impairs the return to homeostasis after systemic challenge. Present day carriers of the MLKL S132P polymorphism may be the key to understanding how MLKL and necroptosis modulate the progression of complex polygenic human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine R Martin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kauppi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ambrose
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vik Ven Eng
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shene Chiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Frank
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma C Tovey Crutchfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia K Atkin-Smith
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Canberra Clinical Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Canberra Clinical Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashley P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Haematology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaclyn S Pearson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - André L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Li M, Popovic N, Wang Y, Chen C, Polychronakos C. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic diabetes; a challenge but also an opportunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:673-684. [PMID: 37165203 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD) account for about 3% of all diabetes, and their accurate diagnosis often results in life-changing therapeutic reassignment for the patients. Like other Mendelian diseases, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are often seen in several different types of MFD, where symptoms develop only in a portion of the persons who carry the pathogenic variant or vary widely in symptom severity and age of onset. This complicates diagnosis and disease management in MFD. In addition to its clinical importance, knowledge of genetic modifiers that confer penetrance and expressivity variability opens possibilities to identify protective genetic variants which may help probe the mechanisms of more common forms of diabetes and shed light in new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will mainly address penetrance and expressivity variation in different types of MFD, factors that confer such variations and opportunities that come with such knowledge. Related literature was searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Papers with publication year from 1974 to 2023 are included. Data are either sourced from literatures or from OMIM, Clinvar and 1000 genome browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China.
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
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9
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Patankar JV, Bubeck M, Acera MG, Becker C. Breaking bad: necroptosis in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203903. [PMID: 37409125 PMCID: PMC10318896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance between programmed cell death and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) exists in the gut to maintain homeostasis. Homeostatic cell death programs such as anoikis and apoptosis ensure the replacement of dead epithelia without overt immune activation. In infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut, this balance is invariably disturbed by increased levels of pathologic cell death. Pathological forms of cell death such as necroptosis trigger immune activation barrier dysfunction, and perpetuation of inflammation. A leaky and inflamed gut can thus become a cause of persistent low-grade inflammation and cell death in other organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as the liver and the pancreas. In this review, we focus on the advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of programmed necrosis (necroptosis) in tissues of the GI tract. In this review, we will first introduce the reader to the basic molecular aspects of the necroptosis machinery and discuss the pathways leading to necroptosis in the GI system. We then highlight the clinical significance of the preclinical findings and finally evaluate the different therapeutic approaches that attempt to target necroptosis against various GI diseases. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the biological functions of the molecules involved in necroptosis and the potential side effects that may occur due to their systemic inhibition. This review is intended to introduce the reader to the core concepts of pathological necroptotic cell death, the signaling pathways involved, its immuno-pathological implications, and its relevance to GI diseases. Further advances in our ability to control the extent of pathological necroptosis will provide better therapeutic opportunities against currently intractable GI and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay V. Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marvin Bubeck
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Gonzalez Acera
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Gardner C, Davies KA, Zhang Y, Brzozowski M, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM, Lessene G. From (Tool)Bench to Bedside: The Potential of Necroptosis Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2361-2385. [PMID: 36781172 PMCID: PMC9969410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated caspase-independent form of necrotic cell death that results in an inflammatory phenotype. This process contributes profoundly to the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, infectious, malignant, and inflammatory diseases. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) pseudokinase have been identified as the key components of necroptosis signaling and are the most promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review recent developments in the field of small-molecule inhibitors of necroptosis signaling, provide guidelines for their use as chemical probes to study necroptosis, and assess the therapeutic challenges and opportunities of such inhibitors in the treatment of a range of clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
R. Gardner
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Davies
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Brzozowski
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Email;
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11
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Tovey Crutchfield EC, Garnish SE, Day J, Anderton H, Chiou S, Hempel A, Hall C, Patel KM, Gangatirkar P, Martin KR, Li Wai Suen CSN, Garnham AL, Kueh AJ, Wicks IP, Silke J, Nachbur U, Samson AL, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM. MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1059-1071. [PMID: 36755069 PMCID: PMC10070424 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MLKL and RIPK3 are the core signaling proteins of the inflammatory cell death pathway, necroptosis, which is a known mediator and modifier of human disease. Necroptosis has been implicated in the progression of disease in almost every physiological system and recent reports suggest a role for necroptosis in aging. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of age-related histopathological and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of Mlkl-/- and Ripk3-/- mice on a congenic C57BL/6 J genetic background. We show that genetic deletion of Mlkl in female mice interrupts immune system aging, specifically delaying the age-related reduction of circulating lymphocytes. -Seventeen-month-old Mlkl-/- female mice were also protected against age-related chronic sterile inflammation in connective tissue and skeletal muscle relative to wild-type littermate controls, exhibiting a reduced number of immune cell infiltrates in these sites and fewer regenerating myocytes. These observations implicate MLKL in age-related sterile inflammation, suggesting a possible application for long-term anti-necroptotic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Tovey Crutchfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shene Chiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Hempel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Katherine R Martin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Abstract
Cell death, particularly that of tubule epithelial cells, contributes critically to the pathophysiology of kidney disease. A body of evidence accumulated over the past 15 years has ascribed a central pathophysiological role to a particular form of regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis, to acute tubular necrosis, nephron loss and maladaptive renal fibrogenesis. Unlike apoptosis, which is a non-immunogenic process, necroptosis results in the release of cellular contents and cytokines, which triggers an inflammatory response in neighbouring tissue. This necroinflammatory environment can lead to severe organ dysfunction and cause lasting tissue injury in the kidney. Despite evidence of a link between necroptosis and various kidney diseases, there are no available therapeutic options to target this process. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms, triggers and regulators of necroptosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases may identify shortcomings in current approaches to therapeutically target necroptosis regulators and lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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13
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Onal T, Ozgul-Onal M, Chefetz I. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase: Conventional (necroptosis) and unconventional (necroptosis-independent) functions and features. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:225-243. [PMID: 36858737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) is the terminal and indispensable mediator of necroptosis. Necroptosis, also known as programmed cell necrosis, is a caspase-independent cell death mechanism involved in various pathologic and inflammatory processes. Triggering necroptosis could be an alternative approach in treating apoptosis-resistant cancer cells to prevent recurrent disease. In addition to its function in necroptosis, MLKL plays a role as a regulator in many cellular processes independent of necroptosis. A better understanding of the intracellular function of MLKL and its role in various diseases and pathologic conditions is needed to enable discovery of new targeted therapies. Various necroptosis-dependent and independent functions of MLKL are reviewed in this chapter, with a focus on functions of MLKL in necroptosis, autophagy, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Onal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Melike Ozgul-Onal
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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14
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Taslimi A, Fields KM, Dahl KD, Liu Q, Tucker CL. Spatiotemporal control of necroptotic cell death and plasma membrane recruitment using engineered MLKL domains. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:469. [PMID: 36446770 PMCID: PMC9709077 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in which a signaling cascade induces oligomerization of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, leading to plasma membrane rupture. Necroptotic cell death is recognized as important for protection against viral infection and has roles in a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Despite its relevance to health and disease states, many questions remain about the precise mechanism of necroptotic cell death, cellular factors that can protect cells from necroptosis, and the role of necroptosis in disease models. In this study, we engineered a light-activated version of MLKL that rapidly oligomerizes and is recruited to the plasma membrane in cells exposed to light, inducing rapid cell death. We demonstrate this tool can be controlled spatially and temporally, used in a chemical genetic screen to identify chemicals and pathways that protect cells from MLKL-induced cell death, and used to study signaling responses of non-dying bystander cells. In additional studies, we re-engineered MLKL to block its cell-killing capacity but retain light-mediated membrane recruitment, developing a new single-component optogenetic tool that allows modulation of protein function at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taslimi
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, Box 8303, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Kaiah M. Fields
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, Box 8303, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Kristin D. Dahl
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, Box 8303, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Qi Liu
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, Box 8303, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Chandra L. Tucker
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, Box 8303, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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15
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Younis H, Ha SE, Jorgensen BG, Verma A, Ro S. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: Mutations, Physiological Consequences, and Treatment Options. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111762. [PMID: 36573710 PMCID: PMC9697644 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes which affects between 1% and 5% of diagnosed diabetes cases. Clinical characterizations of MODY include onset of diabetes at an early age (before the age of 30), autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, impaired glucose-induced secretion of insulin, and hyperglycemia. Presently, 14 MODY subtypes have been identified. Within these subtypes are several mutations which contribute to the different MODY phenotypes. Despite the identification of these 14 subtypes, MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus due to an overlap in clinical features, high cost and limited availability of genetic testing, and unfamiliarity with MODY outside of the medical profession. The primary aim of this review is to investigate the genetic characterization of the MODY subtypes. Additionally, this review will elucidate the link between the genetics, function, and clinical manifestations of MODY in each of the 14 subtypes. In providing this knowledge, we hope to assist in the accurate diagnosis of MODY patients and, subsequently, in ensuring they receive appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazar Younis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Brian G. Jorgensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arushi Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- RosVivo Therapeutics, Applied Research Facility, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Sethi A, Horne CR, Fitzgibbon C, Wilde K, Davies KA, Garnish SE, Jacobsen AV, Samson AL, Hildebrand JM, Wardak A, Czabotar PE, Petrie EJ, Gooley PR, Murphy JM. Membrane permeabilization is mediated by distinct epitopes in mouse and human orthologs of the necroptosis effector, MLKL. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1804-1815. [PMID: 35264780 PMCID: PMC9433430 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic programmed cell death pathway with origins in innate immunity that is frequently dysregulated in inflammatory diseases. The terminal effector of the pathway, MLKL, is licensed to kill following phosphorylation of its pseudokinase domain by the upstream regulator, RIPK3 kinase. Phosphorylation provokes the unleashing of MLKL's N-terminal four-helix bundle (4HB or HeLo) domain, which binds and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to cause cell death. The precise mechanism by which the 4HB domain permeabilizes membranes, and how the mechanism differs between species, remains unclear. Here, we identify the membrane binding epitope of mouse MLKL using NMR spectroscopy. Using liposome permeabilization and cell death assays, we validate K69 in the α3 helix, W108 in the α4 helix, and R137/Q138 in the first brace helix as crucial residues for necroptotic signaling. This epitope differs from the phospholipid binding site reported for human MLKL, which comprises basic residues primarily located in the α1 and α2 helices. In further contrast to human and plant MLKL orthologs, in which the α3-α4 loop forms a helix, this loop is unstructured in mouse MLKL in solution. Together, these findings illustrate the versatility of the 4HB domain fold, whose lytic function can be mediated by distinct epitopes in different orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Karyn Wilde
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - André L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ahmad Wardak
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emma J Petrie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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17
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Maremonti F, Locke S, Tonnus W, Beer K, Brucker A, Gonzalez NZ, Latk M, Belavgeni A, Hoppenz P, Hugo C, Linkermann A. COVID-19 and Diabetic Nephropathy. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:510-513. [PMID: 35388439 DOI: 10.1055/a-1819-4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common condition that requires a chronic renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, or simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation. Chronic kidney disease progression, that is the loss of nephrons, which causes the continuous decline of the eGFR, underlies the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear that diabetic nephropathy is amongst the independent risk factors that predicts unfavourable outcome upon SARS-CoV2 infection. While we still lack conclusive mechanistic insights into how nephrons are rapidly lost upon SARS-CoV2 infection and why patients with diabetic nephropathy are more susceptible to severe outcomes upon SARS-CoV2 infection, here, we discuss several aspects of the interface of COVID-19 with diabetic nephropathy. We identify the shortage of reliable rodent models of diabetic nephropathy, limited treatment options for human diabetic nephropathy and the lack of knowledge about virus-induced signalling pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, as key factors that explain our failure to understand this system. Finally, we focus on immunosuppressed patients and discuss vaccination efficacy in these and diabetic patients. We conclude that more basic science and mechanistic understanding will be required both in diabetic nephropathy as well as in host immune responses to the SARS-CoV2 virus if novel therapeutic strategies are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Locke
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Beer
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Brucker
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Latk
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Paul Hoppenz
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Nephrology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Meng Y, Horne CR, Samson AL, Dagley LF, Young SN, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 C-lobe phosphorylation is essential for necroptotic signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:565. [PMID: 35739084 PMCID: PMC9226014 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent, pro-inflammatory mode of programmed cell death which relies on the activation of the terminal effector, MLKL, by the upstream protein kinase RIPK3. To mediate necroptosis, RIPK3 must stably interact with, and phosphorylate the pseudokinase domain of MLKL, although the precise molecular cues that provoke RIPK3 necroptotic signaling are incompletely understood. The recent finding that RIPK3 S227 phosphorylation and the occurrence of a stable RIPK3:MLKL complex in human cells prior to exposure to a necroptosis stimulus raises the possibility that additional, as-yet-unidentified phosphorylation events activate RIPK3 upon initiation of necroptosis signaling. Here, we sought to identify phosphorylation sites of RIPK3 and dissect their regulatory functions. Phosphoproteomics identified 21 phosphorylation sites in HT29 cells overexpressing human RIPK3. By comparing cells expressing wild-type and kinase-inactive D142N RIPK3, autophosphorylation sites and substrates of other cellular kinases were distinguished. Of these 21 phosphosites, mutational analyses identified only pT224 and pS227 as crucial, synergistic sites for stable interaction with MLKL to promote necroptosis, while the recently reported activation loop phosphorylation at S164/T165 negatively regulate the kinase activity of RIPK3. Despite being able to phosphorylate MLKL to a similar or higher extent than wild-type RIPK3, mutation of T224, S227, or the RHIM in RIPK3 attenuated necroptosis. This finding highlights the stable recruitment of human MLKL by RIPK3 to the necrosome as an essential checkpoint in necroptosis signaling, which is independent from and precedes the phosphorylation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher R. Horne
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Andre L. Samson
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Laura F. Dagley
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Samuel N. Young
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jarrod J. Sandow
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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19
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Jacobsen AV, Murphy JM. CRISPR deletions in cell lines for reconstitution studies of pseudokinase function. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:229-273. [PMID: 35525543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The non-catalytic cousins of protein kinases, the pseudokinases, have grown to prominence as indispensable signaling entities over the past decade, despite their lack of catalytic activity. Because their importance has only been fully embraced recently, many of the 10% of the human kinome categorized as pseudokinases are yet to be attributed biological functions. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 editing to genetically delete pseudokinases in a cell line of interest has proven invaluable to dissecting many functions and remains the method of choice for gene knockout. Here, using the terminal effector pseudokinase in the necroptosis cell death pathway, MLKL, as an exemplar, we describe a method for genetic knockout of pseudokinases in cultured cells. This method does not retain the CRISPR guide sequence in the edited cells, which eliminates possible interference in subsequent reconstitution studies where mutant forms of the pseudokinase can be reintroduced into cells exogenously for detailed mechanistic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Rare catastrophes and evolutionary legacies: human germline gene variants in MLKL and the necroptosis signalling pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:529-539. [PMID: 35166320 PMCID: PMC9022980 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death has long been characterised as a key player in the development of human disease. Necroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death that is universally mediated by the effector protein mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), a pseudokinase. MLKL's activating kinase, receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), is itself activated within context specific scaffolds of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Z-DNA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1) or TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF). These core necroptosis modulating proteins have been comprehensively revealed as potent drivers and suppressors of disease in inbred mouse strains. However, their roles in human disease within the 'real world' of diverse genetic backgrounds, natural infection and environmental challenges remains less well understood. Over 20 unique disease-associated human germline gene variants in this core necroptotic machinery have been reported in the literature and human clinico-genetics databases like ClinVar to date. In this review, we provide an overview of these human gene variants, with an emphasis on those encoding MLKL. These experiments of nature have the potential to not only enrich our understanding of the basic biology of necroptosis, but offer important population level insights into which clinical indications stand to benefit most from necroptosis-targeted drugs.
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21
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Yoshiji S, Horikawa Y, Kubota S, Enya M, Iwasaki Y, Keidai Y, Aizawa-Abe M, Iwasaki K, Honjo S, Hosomichi K, Yabe D, Hamasaki A. First Japanese Family With PDX1-MODY (MODY4): A Novel PDX1 Frameshift Mutation, Clinical Characteristics, and Implications. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvab159. [PMID: 34988346 PMCID: PMC8714237 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The PDX1 gene encodes pancreatic and duodenal homeobox, a critical transcription factor for pancreatic β-cell differentiation and maintenance of mature β-cells. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause PDX1-MODY (MODY4). CASE DESCRIPTION Our patient is an 18-year-old lean man who developed diabetes at 16 years of age. Given his early-onset age and leanness, we performed genetic testing. Targeted next-generation sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing detected a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (NM_00209.4:c.218delT. NP_000200.1: p.Leu73Profs*50) in the PDX1 transactivation domain that resulted in loss-of-function and was validated by an in vitro functional study. The proband and his 56-year-old father, who had the same mutation, both showed markedly reduced insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion compared with the dizygotic twin sister, who was negative for the mutation and had normal glucose tolerance. The proband responded well to sitagliptin, suggesting its utility as a treatment option. Notably, the proband and his father showed intriguing phenotypic differences: the proband had been lean for his entire life but developed early-onset diabetes requiring an antihyperglycemic agent. In contrast, his father was overweight, developed diabetes much later in life, and did not require medication, suggesting the oligogenic nature of PDX1-MODY. A review of all reported cases of PDX1-MODY also showed heterogeneous phenotypes regarding onset age, obesity, and treatment, even in the presence of the same mutation. CONCLUSIONS We identified the first Japanese family with PDX1-MODY. The similarities and differences found among the cases highlight the wide phenotypic spectrum of PDX1-MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Sodai Kubota
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mayumi Enya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yamato Keidai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Aizawa-Abe
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Kanako Iwasaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Sachiko Honjo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hamasaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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22
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Meng Y, Davies KA, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Garnish SE, Horne CR, Luo C, Garnier JM, Liang LY, Cowan AD, Samson AL, Lessene G, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6783. [PMID: 34811356 PMCID: PMC8608796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral origins of the lytic cell death mode, necroptosis, lie in host defense. However, the dysregulation of necroptosis in inflammatory diseases has led to widespread interest in targeting the pathway therapeutically. This mode of cell death is executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL pseudokinase, which is licensed to kill following phosphorylation by its upstream regulator, RIPK3 kinase. The precise molecular details underlying MLKL activation are still emerging and, intriguingly, appear to mechanistically-diverge between species. Here, we report the structure of the human RIPK3 kinase domain alone and in complex with the MLKL pseudokinase. These structures reveal how human RIPK3 structurally differs from its mouse counterpart, and how human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to induction of necroptosis. Residues within the RIPK3:MLKL C-lobe interface are crucial to complex assembly and necroptotic signaling in human cells, thereby rationalizing the strict species specificity governing RIPK3 activation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cindy Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- SYNthesis med chem, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Angus D Cowan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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23
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Identification of Maturity-Onset-Diabetes of the Young (MODY) mutations in a country where diabetes is endemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16060. [PMID: 34373539 PMCID: PMC8352960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants responsible for Maturity-Onset-Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in Kuwait were investigated. A newly established a National Referral Clinic, the Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI-NRC), assessed forty-five members from 31 suspected MODY families by whole exome sequencing. Thirty-three of the 45 samples were independently sequenced at the DDI-NRI, Exeter University, UK (https://www.diabetesgenes.org/) using targeted 21-gene panel approach. Pathogenic mutations in GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B, HNF4A, and PDX1 confirmed MODY in 7 families, giving an overall positivity rate of 22.6% in this cohort. Novel variants were identified in three families in PDX1, HNF1B, and HNF1B. In this cohort, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay did not add any value to MODY variant detection rate in sequencing negative cases. In highly selected familial autoantibody negative diabetes, known MODY genes represent a minority and 77.3% of the familial cases have yet to have a causal variant described.
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