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Zhou Y, Zhou R, Wang N, Zhao T, Qiu P, Gao C, Chang M, Lin N, Zhang X, Li JZ, Wang Q. Inhibition of STRA6 suppresses NSCLC growth via blocking STAT3/SREBP-1c axis-mediated lipogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05085-y. [PMID: 39168951 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), a vitamin A transporter has shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Nevertheless, the function of STRA6 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression remains undefined. We obtained cancer and adjacent tissues from NSCLC patients and conducted functional experiments on STRA6 on NSCLC cell lines and mice. High STRA6 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Results from in vitro and in vivo animal studies showed that STRA6 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo through regulation of lipid synthesis. Mechanistically, STRA6 activated a Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2-STAT3) signaling cascade which inducing the expression of STAT3 target gene. By inducing the expression of the target gene of STAT3, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), STRA6 promotes SREBP-1-mediated adipogenesis and provides energy for NSCLC cell growth. Our study uncovers a novel STRA6/STAT3/SREBP-1 regulatory axis that enhances NSCLC metastasis by reprogramming of lipid metabolism. These results demonstrate the potential use of STRA6 as a biomarker for diagnosing NSCLC, which may therefore potentially serve as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingfeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Pan Qiu
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chenzi Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Meijia Chang
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ning Lin
- NHC Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - John Zhong Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Shi X, Wang X, Yao W, Shi D, Shao X, Lu Z, Chai Y, Song J, Tang W, Wang X. Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:192. [PMID: 39090094 PMCID: PMC11294630 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process. Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination. Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers. Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. A profound understanding of the metastatic process's biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes, important signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, metabolic processes, peripheral immunity, and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis. In addition, we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis. We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis, encompassing drug resistance, restricted animal models, inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods, as well as heterogeneity among others. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihuan Shao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqing Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Mao G, Liu J. Research on the mechanism of exosomes from different sources influencing the progression of lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4231-4248. [PMID: 38760988 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
As a key regulator of intercellular communication, exosomes are essential for tumor cells. In our study, we will explore the mechanisms of exosomes from different sources on lung cancer. We isolated CD8+T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from venous blood and tumor tissues of lung cancer patients, and isolated exosomes. MiR-2682 was high expression in CD8+T-derived exosomes, and lncRNA-FOXD3-AS1 was upregulated in CAF-derived exosomes. Online bioinformatics database analysis showed that RNA Binding Motif Protein 39 (RBM39) was identified as the target of miR-2682, and eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3B (EIF3B) was identified as the RNA binding protein of FOXD3-AS1. CD8+T-derived exosomes inhibited the growth of A549 cells and promoted apoptosis, while miR-2682 inhibits reversed these effects of CD8+T-derived exosomes. CAF-derived exosomes promoted the growth of A549 cells and inhibited apoptosis, while FOXD3-AS1 siRNA reversed the effect of CAF-derived exosomes. Mechanism studies have found that miR-2682 inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of RBM39. FOXD3-AS1 promoted the growth of lung cancer cells by binding to EIF3B. In vivo experiments showed that CD8+T cell-derived exosome miR-2682 inhibited lung cancer tumor formation, while CAF-derived exosome FOXD3-AS1 promoted lung cancer tumor formation. This study provides mechanistic insights into the role of miR-2682 and FOXD3-AS1 in lung cancer progression and provides new strategies for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Mao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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4
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Peng J, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Shao L, Li L, Zhang Z. Circulating serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA as diagnostic indicators for non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1988-1997. [PMID: 38502292 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND tRF-RNA-a representative of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-is a precursor or fragment of mature tRNA and plays a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence and development of cancer. There is currently little research on tRF-RNA as a diagnostic marker in cancer, especially for NSCLC from serum exosomes. METHOD Serum exosomes were successfully extracted from serum; their physical morphology was captured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); appropriate particle size detection was performed using qNano; surface labeling was verified through western blotting. Serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA were selected through gene microarray, and qPCR was used to validate their significance in 242 patients and 201 healthy individuals. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic indicators of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULT Compared with 201 healthy individuals, i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA were significantly downregulated in 242 NSCLC patients and 95 early-stage patients. For tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA, the predictive diagnostic efficiency rates of AUC were 0.690 and 0.680, respectively, whereas the early diagnostic efficiency rates were 0.656 and 0.688, respectively. The result of combined diagnosis with CEA and CYFRA21-1 was 0.928, and the early diagnostic efficiency was 0.843, which is a very high biological predictive factor for NSCLC. CONCLUSION The expression of serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA was significantly downregulated in NSCLC patients. These exosomes could be used as predictive indicators for diagnosis or early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anti-drug Resistant Drug Research, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Guangfei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Luolin Shao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anti-drug Resistant Drug Research, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Liang Z, Lai M. Targeting the devil: Strategies against cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2024; 270:81-93. [PMID: 38614213 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as significant constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a pivotal role in the progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this comprehensive review, we presented the origins and activation mechanisms of CAFs in CRC, elaborating on how CAFs drive tumor progression through their interactions with CRC cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix within the TME. We systematically outline the intricate web of interactions among CAFs, tumor cells, and other TME components, and based on this complex interplay, we summarize various therapeutic strategies designed to target CAFs in CRC. It is also essential to recognize that CAFs represent a highly heterogeneous group, encompassing various subtypes such as myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF), inflammatory CAF (iCAF), antigen-presenting CAF (apCAF), vessel-associated CAF (vCAF). Herein, we provide a summary of studies investigating the heterogeneity of CAFs in CRC and the characteristic expression patterns of each subtype. While the majority of CAFs contribute to the exacerbation of CRC malignancy, recent findings have revealed specific subtypes that exert inhibitory effects on CRC progression. Nevertheless, the comprehensive landscape of CAF heterogeneity still awaits exploration. We also highlight pivotal unanswered questions that need to be addressed before CAFs can be recognized as feasible targets for cancer treatment. In conclusion, the aim of our review is to elucidate the significance and challenges of advancing in-depth research on CAFs, while outlining the pathway to uncover the complex roles of CAFs in CRC and underscore their significant potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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6
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Liao H, Zhang C, Wang F, Jin F, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang S, Gao J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:961-971. [PMID: 38814362 PMCID: PMC11269371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Chi Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Lv L, Yi L, Huang B, Zhou C, Zhang L. Hsa_circ_0071589 aggravates stemness and oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through sponging miR-133b to upregulate SOX13 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2055-2068. [PMID: 37522976 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hsa_circ_0071589 can exacerbate the malignant behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, its function in stemness and oxaliplatin (OXP) resistance of CRC cells remains unclear. To assess the function of hsa_circ_0071589 in stemness and OXP resistance of CRC cells. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied to assess protein and mRNA levels. The association between hsa_circ_0071589, miR-133b and SOX13 was explored via a correlation analysis. Sphere formation was used to assess cell stemness. Meanwhile, the viability of CRC cells and OXP-resistant CRC cells was evaluated with the MTT assay. Cell stemness marker (CD133) levels and apoptosis of CRC cells and OXP-resistant CRC cells were tested using flow cytometry. The ALDH level was investigated using the related detection kit. In addition, the association between hsa_circ_0071589 and miR-133b and SOX13 was investigated using the RIP and dual luciferase assay. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed to detect the function of hsa_circ_0071589 in CRC, and the levels of SOX13, Ki67, and CD44 in mice were evaluated via immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of hsa_circ_0071589 and SOX13 was upregulated in CRC, whereas the expression of miR-133b was downregulated. Hsa_circ_0071589 knockdown significantly inhibited CRC stemness via the mediation of miR-133b. Moreover, hsa_circ_0071589 silencing significantly sensitized CRC cells to OXP by upregulating miR-133b. SOX13 was the direct target of miR-133b, and miR-133b could attenuate stemness and OXP resistance in CRC cells by targeting SOX13. Notably, hsa_circ_0071589 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and decreased OXP resistance in mice with CRC. Hsa_circ_0071589 aggravates stemness and OXP resistance by sponging miR-133b to indirectly target SOX13 in CRC. Thus, our study might present a novel treatment strategy against OXP-resistant CRC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oxaliplatin/pharmacology
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, NO.8, Wenchang Road, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bojie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Clinical Medical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, NO.15 Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Yin J, Zhu W, Feng S, Yan P, Qin S. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1375543. [PMID: 39139454 PMCID: PMC11319178 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1375543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has ranked the third leading cause in cancerassociated death globally. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer patients. The role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in colorectal cancer metastasis has received increasing attention. As the most abundant cell type in the TME of solid tumors, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to have multiple functions in advancing tumor growth and metastasis. They can remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and interact with cancer cells or other stromal cells by secreting growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, facilitating tumor cell invasion into TME and contributing to distant metastasis. This article aims to analyze the sources and heterogeneity of CAFs in CRC, as well as their role in invasion and metastasis, in order to provide new insights into the metastasis mechanism of CRC and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengke Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Lyu P, Gu X, Wang F, Sun H, Zhou Q, Yang S, Yuan W. Advances in targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts through single-cell spatial transcriptomic sequencing. Biomark Res 2024; 12:73. [PMID: 39075612 PMCID: PMC11287900 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major components of the tumor microenvironment and are related to tumor proliferation, metastasis, relapse, and drug resistance. With the development of sequencing technologies, single-cell RNA sequencing has become a popular method for identifying CAFs in the tumor microenvironment. Whereas the drawbacks of CAFs, such as the lack of a spatial landscape, still exist, recent research has utilized spatial transcriptomics combined with single-cell RNA sequencing to address this issue. These multiomics analyses can resolve the single-cell resolution problem in spatial transcriptomics. In this review, we summarized the recent literature regarding the targeting of CAFs to address drug resistance, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming and metastasis in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Fuqi Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Yao J, Zhang Z, Wei L, Wang S. Generation of novel lipid metabolism-based signatures to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17158. [PMID: 39060344 PMCID: PMC11282063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming involves in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stemness and immune checkpoints (ICs), which influence the metastasis of cancer. This study aimed to generate lipid metabolism-based signatures to predict prognosis, immunotherapy and chemotherapy response for colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). Transcriptome data and clinical information of COAD patients were collected from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of EMT-, stem cell-, and IC-related genes were assessed between COAD and control samples. Modules and genes correlated EMT, ICs and stemness signatures were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Prognostic signatures were generated and then the distribution of risk genes was evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GSE132465 dataset. COAD patients exhibited increased EMT score and stemness along with decreased ICs. Next, 12 hub genes (PIK3CG, ALOX5AP, PIK3R5, TNFAIP8L2, DPEP2, PIK3CD, PIK3R6, GGT5, ELOVL4, PTGIS, CYP7B1 and PRKD1) were found within green and yellow modules correlated with EMT, stemness and ICs. Lipid metabolism-based prognostic signatures were generated based on PIK3CG, GGT5 and PTGIS. Patients with high-risk group had poor prognosis, elevated ESTIMATEScore and StromalScore, 100% mutation rate and higher TIDE score. Samples in low-risk group had more immunogenicity on ICIs. Notably, PIK3CG was expressed in B cells, while GGT5 and PTGIS were expressed in stromal cells. This study generates lipid metabolism-based signatures correlated with EMT, stemness and ICs for predicting prognosis of COAD, and provides potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Luxin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215127, China.
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11
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Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Barathan M, Zulpa AK, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7470. [PMID: 39000577 PMCID: PMC11242358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health challenge, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance being a major obstacle to effective treatment. Despite advancements, resistance to 5-FU remains formidable due to complex mechanisms such as alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, dysregulation of cell cycle dynamics, tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated resistance pathways. Traditional chemotherapy often results in high toxicity, highlighting the need for alternative approaches with better efficacy and safety. Phytochemicals (PCs) and EVs offer promising CRC therapeutic strategies. PCs, derived from natural sources, often exhibit lower toxicity and can target multiple pathways involved in cancer progression and drug resistance. EVs can facilitate targeted drug delivery, modulate the immune response, and interact with the TME to sensitize cancer cells to treatment. However, the potential of PCs and engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance and reshaping the immunosuppressive TME in CRC remains underexplored. Addressing this gap is crucial for identifying innovative therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicities. This review explores the multifaceted mechanisms of 5-FU resistance in CRC and evaluates the synergistic effects of combining PCs with 5-FU to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, it investigates engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance by serving as drug delivery vehicles and modulating the TME. By synthesizing the current knowledge and addressing research gaps, this review enhances the academic understanding of 5-FU resistance in CRC, highlighting the potential of interdisciplinary approaches involving PCs and EVs for revolutionizing CRC therapy. Further research and clinical validation are essential for translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairy Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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13
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Lin H, Zhou J, Ding T, Zhu Y, Wang L, Zhong T, Wang X. Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from diverse sources in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:350. [PMID: 38943222 PMCID: PMC11212438 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a prevalent and complex disease, presents a significant challenge to the medical community. It is characterized by irregular cell differentiation, excessive proliferation, uncontrolled growth, invasion of nearby tissues, and spread to distant organs. Its progression involves a complex interplay of several elements and processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as critical intermediaries in intercellular communication, transporting critical molecules such as lipids, RNA, membrane, and cytoplasmic proteins between cells. They significantly contribute to the progression, development, and dissemination of primary tumors by facilitating the exchange of information and transmitting signals that regulate tumor growth and metastasis. However, EVs do not have a singular impact on cancer; instead, they play a multifaceted dual role. Under specific circumstances, they can impede tumor growth and influence cancer by delivering oncogenic factors or triggering an immune response. Furthermore, EVs from different sources demonstrate distinct advantages in inhibiting cancer. This research examines the biological characteristics of EVs and their involvement in cancer development to establish a theoretical foundation for better understanding the connection between EVs and cancer. Here, we discuss the potential of EVs from various sources in cancer therapy, as well as the current status and future prospects of engineered EVs in developing more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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14
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Cai Q, Zhu H, Dai Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Zhu Q. ATP citrate lyase promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the REGγ-proteasome pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 38888205 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for novel tumor biomarkers and targets is of significant importance for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms by which ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) promotes HCC progression remain unclear, and the connection between ACLY and REGγ has not been reported in the literature. In vitro, we will perform overexpression/knockdown of ACLY or overexpression/knockdown of REGγ to investigate the impact of ACLY on HCC cells and its underlying mechanisms. In vivo, we will establish mouse tumor models with overexpression/knockdown of ACLY or overexpression/knockdown of REGγ to study the effect of ACLY on mouse tumors and its mechanisms. Firstly, ACLY overexpression upregulated REGγ expression and activated the REGγ-proteasome pathway, leading to changes in the expression of downstream signaling pathway proteins. This promoted HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Secondly, ACLY overexpression increased acetyl-CoA production, upregulated the acetylation level of the REGγ promoter region histone H3K27ac, and subsequently induced REGγ expression. Lastly, enhanced acetylation of the REGγ promoter region histone H3K27ac resulted in upregulated REGγ expression, activation of the REGγ-proteasome pathway, changes in downstream signaling pathway protein expression, and promotion of HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, REGγ knockdown reversed these effects. ACLY and REGγ may serve as potential biomarkers and clinical therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Cai
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Honghua Zhu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yile Dai
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Departments of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiandong Zhu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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15
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Duan X, Qin W, Hao J, Yu X. Recent advances in the applications of DNA frameworks in liquid biopsy: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1308:342578. [PMID: 38740462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the serious threats to public life and health. Early diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and individualized treatment are the keys to improve the survival rate and prolong the survival time of cancer patients. Liquid biopsy is a potential technique for cancer early diagnosis due to its non-invasive and continuous monitoring properties. However, most current liquid biopsy techniques lack the ability to detect cancers at the early stage. Therefore, effective detection of a variety of cancers is expected through the combination of various techniques. Recently, DNA frameworks with tailorable functionality and precise addressability have attracted wide spread attention in biomedical applications, especially in detecting cancer biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes and circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA). Encouragingly, DNA frameworks perform outstanding in detecting these cancer markers, but also face some challenges and opportunities. In this review, we first briefly introduced the development of DNA frameworks and its typical structural characteristics and advantages. Then, we mainly focus on the recent progress of DNA frameworks in detecting commonly used cancer markers in liquid-biopsy. We summarize the advantages and applications of DNA frameworks for detecting CTCs, exosomes and ctNA. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the possible opportunities and challenges for exploiting the structural advantages of DNA frameworks in the field of cancer diagnosis. Finally, we envision the marriage of DNA frameworks with other emerging materials and technologies to develop the next generation of disease diagnostic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jicong Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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16
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li J, Shen L. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies the pivotal role of ANKRD42 in colorectal cancer metastasis through EMT regulation. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38822625 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a pervasive and lethal malignancy of gastrointestinal cancer, imposes significant challenges due to the occurrence of distant metastasis in advanced stages. Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms driving CRC distant metastasis is of paramount importance. CRISPR-Cas9 screening has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating tumor initiation and progression. However, its application in studying CRC distant metastasis remains largely unexplored. To establish a model that faithfully recapitulates CRC liver metastasis in patients, we developed an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach using a spleen-injected liver metastasis mouse model. Through comprehensive screening of a whole-genome sgRNA library, we identified ANKRD42 as a pivotal regulatory gene facilitating CRC liver metastasis. Analysis of the TCGA database and our clinical cohorts unveiled heightened ANKRD42 expression in metastases. At the cellular level, the attenuation of ANKRD42 impaired the migration and invasion processes of tumor cells. In vivo experiments further validated these observations, highlighting the diminished liver metastatic capacity of tumor cells upon ANKRD42 knockdown. To unravel the specific mechanisms by which ANKRD42 regulates CRC distant metastasis, we leveraged patient-derived organoid (PDO) models. Depleting ANKRD42 in PDOs sourced from liver metastases precipitated the downregulation of pivotal genes linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including CDH2 and SNAI2, thereby effectively suppressing tumor metastasis. This study not only establishes a conceptual framework but also identifies potential therapeutic avenues for advanced-stage distant metastasis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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17
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Chen Z, Yam JWP, Mao X. The multifaceted roles of small extracellular vesicles in metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironments. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300021. [PMID: 38171844 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The link between metabolism and tumor progression has been extensively researched for a long time. With the increasing number of studies uncovering the multiple functions of metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironments, the regulatory network seems to become even more intricate at the same time. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), as crucial mediators facilitating intercellular communications, exhibit significant involvement in regulating metabolic reprogramming within the complicated network of tumor microenvironments. sEV derived from tumor cells and those released by other cell populations such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can mutually influence each other, giving rise to diverse complex feedback loops. This review includes multiple studies conducted in recent years to summarize the functions of sEV in altering metabolism in various cell types within tumor microenvironments. Additionally, it aims to highlight potential therapeutic targets based on the commonly observed mechanisms identified in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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18
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Matyasova K, Soltysova A, Babula P, Krizanova O, Liskova V. Role of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in colon/colorectal cancers. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151415. [PMID: 38631098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) is a protein persulfidase, occurring mainly in mitochondria. Although function of this protein in cancer cells has been already studied, no clear outcome can be postulated up to now. Therefore, we focused on the determination of function of MPST in colon (HCT116 cells)/colorectal (DLD1 cells) cancers. In silico analysis revealed that in gastrointestinal cancers, MPST together with its binding partners can be either of a high risk or might have a protective effect. Silencing of MPST gene resulted in decreased ATP, while acetyl-CoA levels were elevated. Increased apoptosis was detected in cells with silenced MPST gene, which was accompanied by decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, but no changes in IP3 receptor's protein. Mitochondria underwent activation of fission and elevated DRP1 expression after MPST silencing. Proliferation and migration of DLD1 and HCT116 cells were markedly affected, showing the importance of MPST protein in colon/colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Matyasova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Soltysova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Liskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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19
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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20
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Ren Y, Wang M, Yuan H, Wang Z, Yu L. A novel insight into cancer therapy: Lipid metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112319. [PMID: 38801810 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) can limit the effectiveness and often leads to significant side effects of conventional cancer therapies. Consequently, there is a growing interest in identifying novel targets to enhance the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy. More research indicates that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), originating from peripheral blood monocytes generated from bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells, play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are closely associated with resistance to traditional cancer therapies. Lipid metabolism alterations have been widely recognized as having a significant impact on tumors and their immune microenvironment. Lipids, lipid derivatives, and key substances in their metabolic pathways can influence the carcinogenesis and progression of cancer cells by modulating the phenotype, function, and activity of TAMs. Therefore, this review focuses on the reprogramming of lipid metabolism in cancer cells and their immune microenvironment, in which the TAMs are especially concentrated. Such changes impact TAMs activation and polarization, thereby affecting the tumor cell response to treatment. Furthermore, the article explores the potential of targeting the lipid metabolism of TAMs as a supplementary approach to conventional cancer therapies. It reviews and evaluates current strategies for enhancing efficacy through TAMs' lipid metabolism and proposes new lipid metabolism targets as potential synergistic options for chemo-radiotherapy and immunotherapy. These efforts aim to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvxiao Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Liu P, Wang Y, Li X, Liu Z, Sun Y, Liu H, Shao Z, Jiang E, Zhou X, Shang Z. Enhanced lipid biosynthesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer-associated fibroblasts contributes to tumor progression: Role of IL8/AKT/p-ACLY axis. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1433-1445. [PMID: 38494608 PMCID: PMC11093202 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells has been proven to play a critical role in tumor initiation and development. However, lipid metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has rarely been studied, particularly in CAFs of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Additionally, the molecular mechanism by which tumor cells regulate lipid metabolism in fibroblasts is unclear. In this study, we found that phosphorylated ATP citrate lyase (p-ACLY), a key lipid metabolic enzyme, was upregulated in OSCC CAFs. Compared to paracancerous normal fibroblasts, CAFs showed enhanced lipid synthesis, such as elevated cytosolic acetyl-CoA level and accumulation of lipid droplets. Conversely, reduction of p-ACLY level blocked this biological process. In addition, blocking lipid synthesis in CAFs or inhibiting fatty acid uptake by OSCC cells reduced the promotive effects of CAFs on OSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. These findings suggested that CAFs are one of lipid sources required for OSCC progression. Mechanistically, AKT signaling activation was involved in the upregulation of p-ACLY level and lipid synthesis in CAFs. Interleukin-8 (IL8), an exocrine cytokine of OSCC cells, could activate AKT and then phosphorylate ACLY in fibroblasts. This study suggested that the IL8/AKT/p-ACLY axis could be considered as a potential target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhenan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yunqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hanzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhe Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Erhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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23
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Kou Z, Liu C, Zhang W, Sun C, Liu L, Zhang Q. Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:54. [PMID: 38577950 PMCID: PMC11015919 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with primary tumor sites, metastatic sites appear more resistant to treatments and respond differently to the treatment regimen. It may be due to the heterogeneity in the microenvironment between metastatic sites and primary tumors. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are widely present in the tumor stroma as key components of the tumor microenvironment. Primary tumor CAFs (pCAFs) and metastatic CAFs (mCAFs) are heterogeneous in terms of source, activation mode, markers and functional phenotypes. They can shape the tumor microenvironment according to organ, showing heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases, which may affect the sensitivity of these sites to treatment. It was hypothesized that understanding the heterogeneity between pCAFs and mCAFs can provide a glimpse into the difference in treatment outcomes, providing new ideas for improving the rate of metastasis control in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Kou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa Island 999078, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 621000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 621000, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
- Department of Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, P.R. China
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24
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Ni X, Wei Y, Li X, Pan J, Fang B, Zhang T, Lu Y, Ye D, Zhu Y. From biology to the clinic - exploring liver metastasis in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00875-x. [PMID: 38671281 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastases from prostate cancer are associated with an aggressive disease course and poor prognosis. Results from autopsy studies indicate a liver metastasis prevalence of up to 25% in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Population data estimate that ~3-10% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harbour liver metastases at the baseline, rising to 20-30% in post-treatment cohorts, suggesting that selective pressure imposed by novel therapies might promote metastatic spread to the liver. Liver metastases are associated with more aggressive tumour biology than lung metastases. Molecular profiling of liver lesions showed an enrichment of low androgen receptor, neuroendocrine phenotypes and high genomic instability. Despite advancements in molecular imaging modalities such as prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT, and liquid biopsy markers such as circulating tumour DNA, early detection of liver metastases from prostate cancer remains challenging, as both approaches are hampered by false positive and false negative results, impeding the accurate identification of early liver lesions. Current therapeutic strategies showed limited efficacy in this patient population. Emerging targeted radionuclide therapies, metastasis-directed therapy, and novel systemic agents have shown preliminary activity against liver metastases, but require further validation. Treatment with various novel prostate cancer therapies might lead to an increase in the prevalence of liver metastasis, underscoring the urgent need for coordinated efforts across preclinical and clinical researchers to improve characterization, monitoring, and management of liver metastases from prostate cancer. Elucidating molecular drivers of liver tropism and interactions with the liver microenvironment might ultimately help to identify actionable targets to enhance survival in this high-risk patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ni
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangwei Fang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Yimin E, Lu C, Zhu K, Li W, Sun J, Ji P, Meng M, Liu Z, Yu C. Function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells as communication mediators in colorectal cancer metastasis. iScience 2024; 27:109350. [PMID: 38500820 PMCID: PMC10945197 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with metastasis being the primary determinant of poor prognosis in patients. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC metastasis is currently a prominent and challenging area of research. Exosomes, as crucial intercellular communication mediators, facilitate the transfer of metabolic and genetic information from cells of origin to recipient cells. Their roles in mediating information exchange between CRC cells and immune cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types are pivotal in reshaping the tumor microenvironment, regulating key biological processes such as invasion, migration, and formation of pre-metastatic niche. This article comprehensively examines the communication function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells in cancer metastasis, while also presenting an outlook on current research advancements and future application prospects. The aim is to offer a distinctive perspective that contributes to accurate diagnosis and rational treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin E
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Long Mian Avenue 109 Jiangning, Nanjing 211112, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuixuan Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650100, Yunan, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Long Mian Avenue 109 Jiangning, Nanjing 211112, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengxia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunzhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Long Mian Avenue 109 Jiangning, Nanjing 211112, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Fan S, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang D, Tang D. Role of imbalanced gut microbiota in promoting CRC metastasis: from theory to clinical application. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38637851 PMCID: PMC11025274 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis poses a major challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and remains a primary cause of mortality among patients with CRC. Recent investigations have elucidated the involvement of disrupted gut microbiota homeostasis in various facets of CRC metastasis, exerting a pivotal influence in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and so on. Moreover, therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota demonstrate promise in enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments for metastatic CRC (mCRC), presenting novel avenues for mCRC clinical management. Grounded in the "seed and soil" hypothesis, this review consolidates insights into the mechanisms by which imbalanced gut microbiota promotes mCRC and highlights recent strides in leveraging gut microbiota modulation for the clinical prevention and treatment of mCRC. Emphasis is placed on the considerable potential of manipulating gut microbiota within clinical settings for managing mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, 400030, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
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27
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Wang J, Shi R, Yin Y, Luo H, Cao Y, Lyu Y, Luo H, Zeng X, Wang D. Clinical significance of small extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334592. [PMID: 38665948 PMCID: PMC11043544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from the bile duct epithelium. It is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The global incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, and there is an urgent need for effective early diagnosis and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of this devastating tumor. Small extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles, are nanoscale vesicles formed by membranes that are released both normally and pathologically from cells, mediating the intercellular transfer of substances and information. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of small extracellular vesicles in numerous biological processes, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The present review summarizes the tumorigenic roles of small extracellular vesicles in the cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment. Owing to their unique composition, accessibility, and stability in biological fluids, small extracellular vesicles have emerged as ideal biomarkers for use in liquid biopsies for diagnosing and outcome prediction of cholangiocarcinoma. Specific tissue tropism, theoretical biocompatibility, low clearance, and strong biological barrier penetration of small extracellular vesicles make them suitable drug carriers for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the potential value of small extracellular vesicle-based therapies for cholangiocarcinoma is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruizi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- Departmant of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Huiwen Luo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xintao Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Decai Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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28
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Zhong D, Wang Z, Ye Z, Wang Y, Cai X. Cancer-derived exosomes as novel biomarkers in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:67. [PMID: 38561768 PMCID: PMC10983767 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is the most prevalent and highly metastatic malignant tumor and has a significant impact on mortality rates. Nevertheless, the swift advancement of contemporary technology has not seamlessly aligned with the evolution of detection methodologies, resulting in a deficit of innovative and efficient clinical assays for GIC. Given that exosomes are preferentially released by a myriad of cellular entities, predominantly originating from neoplastic cells, this confers exosomes with a composition enriched in cancer-specific constituents. Furthermore, exosomes exhibit ubiquitous presence across diverse biological fluids, endowing them with the inherent advantages of non-invasiveness, real-time monitoring, and tumor specificity. The unparalleled advantages inherent in exosomes render them as an ideal liquid biopsy biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosticating the potential development of GIC metastasis.In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and possible potential targets on cancer-derived exosomes (CDEs) in GIC with an emphasis on the mechanisms of exosome promoting cancer metastasis, highlighting the potential roles of CDEs as the biomarker and treatment in metastatic GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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29
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Si G, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan X. Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27572. [PMID: 38509970 PMCID: PMC10950591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity rate, a poor prognosis when metastasized, and a greatly shortened 5-year survival rate. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tumor metastasis is still important. Based on the "seed and soil" theory, the concept of " premetastatic niche (PMN)" was introduced by Kaplan et al. The complex interaction between primary tumors and the metastatic organ provides a beneficial microenvironment for tumor cells to colonize at a distance. With further exploration of the PMN, exosomes have gradually attracted interest from researchers. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells that include various biological information and are involved in communication between cells. As a key molecule in the PMN, exosomes are closely related to tumor metastasis. In this article, we obtained information by conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Only recent, peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were considered for inclusion. This study aims to explore in depth how exosomes promote the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment (PMN) in colorectal cancer and its related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifei Si
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
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30
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Dai S, Liu C, Chen L, Jiang K, Kong X, Li X, Chen H, Ding K. Hepatic steatosis predicts metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients: a nested case-control study and systematic review. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1292-1305. [PMID: 38590410 PMCID: PMC10998736 DOI: 10.62347/jhms4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly twenty-five percent of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop metachronous colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after curative surgery. Hepatosteatosis is the most prevalent liver condition worldwide, but its impact on the incidence of metachronous CRLM is understudied. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of hepatic steatosis on the development of metachronous CRLM. First, a nested case-control study was conducted, enrolling stage I to III CRC patients in the National Colorectal Cancer Cohort (NCRCC) database. Metachronous CRLM patients and recurrence-free patients were matched via propensity-score matching. Fatty liver was identified based on treatment-naïve CT scans and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was scored. Multivariable analysis was conducted to investigate the association between fatty liver and metachronous CRLM. In our database, a total of 414 patients were included. Metachronous CRLM patients had considerably higher rates of hepatic steatosis (30.9% versus 15.9%, P<0.001) and highly fibrotic liver (11.6% versus 2.9%, P=0.001) compared to recurrence-free patients. Multivariable analysis showed that fatty liver (odds ratios [OR]=1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-3.30, P=0.008) and fibrotic liver (OR=4.27, 95% CI 1.54-11.81, P=0.005) were associated with high risk of metachronous CRLM. Further, a systematic literature review was performed to assess available evidence on the association between hepatosteatosis and development of metachronous CRLM. In the systematic review, 1815 patients were pooled from eligible studies, and hepatic steatosis remained a significant risk factor for metachronous CRLM (OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.35-2.66, P<0.001, I2=25.3%). In conclusion, our data suggest that patients with a steatotic liver and a high fibrosis score at CRC diagnosis have elevated risk of developing metachronous CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangxing Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine300 Yuanju Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University88 Jiefang Street, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Cao L, Ouyang H. Intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts via exosomes in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374742. [PMID: 38463229 PMCID: PMC10920350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are a significant global health threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Exosomes contain various biologically active molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and can serve as messengers for intercellular communication. They play critical roles in the exchange of information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of mesenchymal cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with fibroblasts being the most abundant cell type in the tumor mesenchyme. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are derived from normal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells that are activated in the TME. CAFs can secrete exosomes to modulate cell proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and other biological processes in tumors. Additionally, tumor cells can manipulate the function and behavior of fibroblasts through direct cell-cell interactions. This review provides a summary of the intercellular crosstalk between GI tumor cells and CAFs through exosomes, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
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32
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An SX, Yu ZJ, Fu C, Wei MJ, Shen LH. Biological factors driving colorectal cancer metastasis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:259-272. [PMID: 38425391 PMCID: PMC10900157 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients present with metastasis at diagnosis. Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection, 18% typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three years following initial treatment. The median survival duration after the diagnosis of metastatic CRC (mCRC) is only 9 mo. mCRC is traditionally considered to be an advanced stage malignancy or is thought to be caused by incomplete resection of tumor tissue, allowing cancer cells to spread from primary to distant organs; however, increasing evidence suggests that the mCRC process can begin early in tumor development. CRC patients present with high heterogeneity and diverse cancer phenotypes that are classified on the basis of molecular and morphological alterations. Different genomic and nongenomic events can induce subclone diversity, which leads to cancer and metastasis. Throughout the course of mCRC, metastatic cascades are associated with invasive cancer cell migration through the circulatory system, extravasation, distal seeding, dormancy, and reactivation, with each step requiring specific molecular functions. However, cancer cells presenting neoantigens can be recognized and eliminated by the immune system. In this review, we explain the biological factors that drive CRC metastasis, namely, genomic instability, epigenetic instability, the metastatic cascade, the cancer-immunity cycle, and external lifestyle factors. Despite remarkable progress in CRC research, the role of molecular classification in therapeutic intervention remains unclear. This review shows the driving factors of mCRC which may help in identifying potential candidate biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and early detection of mCRC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Xing An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
- BD Department, Greenpine Pharma Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhao-Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Long-Hai Shen
- Center of Oncology, Genertec Liaoyou Gem Flower Hospital, PanJin 124010, Liaoning Province, China
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Abbasi-Malati Z, Azizi SG, Milani SZ, Serej ZA, Mardi N, Amiri Z, Sanaat Z, Rahbarghazi R. Tumorigenic and tumoricidal properties of exosomes in cancers; a forward look. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:130. [PMID: 38360641 PMCID: PMC10870553 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging data have highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially (exosomes) Exos, in the progression and development of several cancer types. These nano-sized vesicles are released by different cell lineages within the cancer niche and maintain a suitable platform for the interchange of various signaling molecules in a paracrine manner. Based on several studies, Exos can transfer oncogenic factors to other cells, and alter the activity of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, leading to the expansion of tumor cells and metastasis to the remote sites. It has been indicated that the cell-to-cell crosstalk is so complicated and a wide array of factors are involved in this process. How and by which mechanisms Exos can regulate the behavior of tumor cells and non-cancer cells is at the center of debate. Here, we scrutinize the molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic behavior of Exos released by different cell lineages of tumor parenchyma. Besides, tumoricidal properties of Exos from various stem cell (SC) types are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ghader Azizi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soheil Zamen Milani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aliyari Serej
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ren C, Yang Z, Xu E, Kang X, Wang X, Sun Q, Wang C, Zhang L, Miao J, Luo B, Chen K, Liu S, Shen X, Lu X, Yin K, Wang M, Xia X, Guan W. Cross-talk between gastric cancer and hepatic stellate cells promotes invadopodia formation during liver metastasis. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:369-384. [PMID: 38050654 PMCID: PMC10859620 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In gastric cancer (GC), the liver is a common organ for distant metastasis, and patients with gastric cancer with liver metastasis (GCLM) generally have poor prognosis. The mechanism of GCLM is unclear. Invadopodia are special membrane protrusions formed by tumor cells that can degrade the basement membrane and ECM. Herein, we investigated the role of invadopodia in GCLM. We found that the levels of invadopodia-associated proteins were significantly higher in liver metastasis than in the primary tumors of patients with GCLM. Furthermore, GC cells could activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) within the tumor microenvironment of liver metastases through the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB). Activated HSCs secreted hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which activated the MET proto-oncogene, MET receptor of GC cells, thereby promoting invadopodia formation through the PI3K/AKT pathway and subsequently enhancing the invasion and metastasis of GC cells. Therefore, cross-talk between GC cells and HSCs by PDGFB/platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) and the HGF/MET axis might represent potential therapeutic targets to treat GCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Ren
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - En Xu
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xingzhou Wang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of PathologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Banxin Luo
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Song Liu
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General SurgeryTaikang Xianlin Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
- Department of General SurgeryTaixing Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityTaixingChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of General SurgeryTaikang Xianlin Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of General SurgeryTaikang Xianlin Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
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Huang R, Wu D, Zhang K, Hu G, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Wang C, Zheng Y. ARID1A loss induces P4HB to activate fibroblasts to support lung cancer cell growth, invasion, and chemoresistance. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:439-451. [PMID: 38100120 PMCID: PMC10859615 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of AT-interacting domain-rich protein 1A (ARID1A) frequently occurs in human malignancies including lung cancer. The biological consequence of ARID1A mutation in lung cancer is not fully understood. This study was designed to determine the effect of ARID1A-depleted lung cancer cells on fibroblast activation. Conditioned media was collected from ARID1A-depleted lung cancer cells and employed to treat lung fibroblasts. The proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts were investigated. The secretory genes were profiled in lung cancer cells upon ARID1A knockdown. Antibody-based neutralization was utilized to confirm their role in mediating the cross-talk between lung cancer cells and fibroblasts. NOD-SCID-IL2RgammaC-null (NSG) mice received tumor tissues from patients with ARID1A-mutated lung cancer to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Notably, ARID1A-depleted lung cancer cells promoted the proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts. Mechanistically, ARID1A depletion augmented the expression and secretion of prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta (P4HB) in lung cancer cells, which induced the activation of lung fibroblasts through the β-catenin signaling pathway. P4HB-activated lung fibroblasts promoted the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance in lung cancer cells. Neutralizing P4HB hampered the tumor growth and increased cisplatin cytotoxic efficacy in two PDX models. Serum P4HB levels were higher in ARID1A-mutated lung cancer patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, increased serum levels of P4HB were significantly associated with lung cancer metastasis. Together, our work indicates a pivotal role for P4HB in orchestrating the cross-talk between ARID1A-mutated cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts during lung cancer progression. P4HB may represent a promising target for improving lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Danni Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Kangliang Zhang
- Department of Central LabThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Guanqiong Hu
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of PathologyThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Chichao Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Yuanliang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
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36
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Chen W, Peng W, Wang R, Bai S, Cao M, Xiong S, Li Y, Yang Y, Liang J, Liu L, Yazdani HO, Zhao Y, Cheng B. Exosome-derived tRNA fragments tRF-GluCTC-0005 promotes pancreatic cancer liver metastasis by activating hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:102. [PMID: 38291031 PMCID: PMC10827722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Early metastasis is the primary factor in the very poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with liver metastasis being the most common form of distant metastasis in PDAC. To investigate the mechanism of PDAC liver metastasis, we found that PDAC cells can promote the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) through exosomes to facilitate liver metastasis in the early stage. In our study, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with PDAC-derived exosomes (PDAC-exo), and the activation of HSCs was detected. A novel transfer RNA-derived fragment, the tRF-GluCTC-0005 was obtained by small RNA sequencing from serum exosomes of PDAC patients. Bioinformatics analysis and RNA pull-down assays revealed the interaction between WDR1 and tRF-GluCTC-0005. A KPC transgenic mouse model and an AAV-mediated sh-WDR1 mouse model were used to detect the mechanism of liver metastasis in vivo. Finally, the dual luciferase reporter assay, protein mutation truncation assay, Co-IP assay, and flow cytometry assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism in HSCs activation and PMNs formation. We found that the tRF-GluCTC-0005 in exosomes binds to the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA of the WDRl in HSCs and increases mRNA stability. The N-terminals of WDR1 bind to the YAP protein directly, inhibit YAP phosphorylation, and promote the expression of YAP transcription factors. The tRF-GluCTC-0005 in PDAC-exo significantly recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the liver, creating a PMNs immunosuppressive microenvironment and further advancing liver metastasis from PDAC. Our results suggest that the key of PDAC liver metastasis is the activation of HSCs through upregulation of WDR1 by tRF-GluCTC-0005 in exosomes, which mediates the infiltration of MDSCs to form PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengdie Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yilei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Han H, Qian C, Song M, Zhong C, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Fibroblasts: invigorated targets in pre-metastatic niche formation. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1110-1124. [PMID: 38322116 PMCID: PMC10845297 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, tumor metastasis still remains the leading contributor to high recurrence and mortality in cancer patients. There have been no clinically effective therapeutic strategies for treating patients with metastatic cancer. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) plays a crucial role in driving tumor metastasis. Nevertheless, a clear and detailed understanding of the formation of PMN is still lacking given the fact that PMN formation involves in a wealth of complicated communications and underlying mechanisms between primary tumors and metastatic target organs. Despite that the roles of numerous components including tumor exosomes and extracellular vesicles in influencing the evolution of PMN have been well documented, the involvement of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment for controlling PMN formation is frequently overlooked. It has been increasingly recognized that fibroblasts trigger the formation of PMN by virtue of modulating exosomes, metabolism and so on. In this review, we mainly summarize the underlying mechanisms of fibroblasts from diverse origins in exerting impacts on PMN evolution, and further highlight the prospective strategies for targeting fibroblasts to prevent PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkuan Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chongjin Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Xu J, Bian L, You D, Li Z, Wang T, Li Y, Ren X, He Y. PDGF-BB accelerates TSCC via fibroblast lactates limiting miR-26a-5p and boosting mitophagy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38169376 PMCID: PMC10763357 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in tumor development, and their metabolic coupling remains unclear. Clinical data showed a positive correlation between PDGF-BB, CAFs, and glycolysis in the tumor microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. In vitro, CAFs are derived from hOMF cells treated with PDGF-BB, which induces their formation and promotes aerobic glycolysis. Mitophagy increased the PDGF-BB-induced formation of CAF phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis, while autophagy inhibition blocked PDGF-BB-induced effects. Downregulation of miR-26a-5p was observed in CAFs; upregulation of miR-26a-5p inhibited the expression of mitophagy-related proteins ULKI, Parkin, PINK1, and LC3 and aerobic glycolysis in PDGF-BB-induced CAFs. PDGF-BB-induced CAFs promoted tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, NF-κB signaling pathway activation, and PDGF-BB secretion. Thus, PDGF-BB is associated with lactate-induced CAF formation and glucose metabolism reprogramming. These findings indicate potential therapeutic targets in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Dingyun You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- Department of oral Implantology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 1088 Haiyuan Central Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China.
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 1088 Haiyuan Central Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China.
- Qujing Medical College, Qujing, 655011, China.
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Che R, Wang Q, Li M, Shen J, Ji J. Quantitative Proteomics of Tissue-Infiltrating T Cells From CRC Patients Identified Lipocalin-2 Induces T-Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation by Iron Efflux. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100691. [PMID: 38072118 PMCID: PMC10792491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play the most pivotal roles in antitumor immunity; the T-cell proteome and the differentially expressed proteins in the tumor immune microenvironment have rarely been identified directly from the clinical samples, especially for tumors that lack effective immunotherapy targets, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we analyzed the protein expression pattern of the infiltrating T cells isolated from CRC patients using quantitative proteomics. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were isolated from clinical samples and labeled by tandem mass tag reagents, and the differentially expressed proteins were quantified by mass spectrometry. The T-cell proteome profiling revealed dysfunctions in these tumor-infiltrating T cells. Specifically, antitumor immunity was suppressed because of differentially expressed metal ion transporters and immunity regulators. For the first time, lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was shown to be significantly upregulated in CD4+ T cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis of LCN2-overexpressed Jurkat cells showed that LCN2 damaged T cells by changes in iron transport. LCN2 induced T-cell apoptosis by reducing cellular iron concentration; moreover, the iron that was transported to the tumor microenvironment aided tumor cell proliferation, promoting tumor development. Meanwhile, LCN2 also influenced tumor progression through immune cytokines and cholesterol metabolism. Our results demonstrated that LCN2 has immunosuppressive functions that can promote tumor development; therefore, it is a potential immunotherapy target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Che
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minzhe Li
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Shen
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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40
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Wu J, Wang X, Li Z, Yi X, Hu D, Wang Q, Zhong T. Small extracellular vesicles promote the formation of the pre-metastatic niche through multiple mechanisms in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:131-149. [PMID: 38341861 PMCID: PMC11037293 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2311501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent global malignancies, posing significant threats to human life and health due to its high recurrence and metastatic potential. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by CRC play a pivotal role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) through various mechanisms, preparing the groundwork for accelerated metastatic invasion. This review systematically describes how sEVs promote CRC metastasis by upregulating inflammatory factors, promoting immunosuppression, enhancing angiogenesis and vascular permeability, promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic network remodeling, determining organophilicity, promoting stromal cell activation and remodeling and inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, we explore potential mechanisms by which sEVs contribute to PMN formation in CRC and propose novel insights for CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Die Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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41
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Pascual G, Majem B, Benitah SA. Targeting lipid metabolism in cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189051. [PMID: 38101461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This review delves into the most recent research on the metabolic adaptability of cancer cells and examines how their metabolic functions can impact their progression into metastatic forms. We emphasize the growing significance of lipid metabolism and dietary lipids within the tumor microenvironment, underscoring their influence on tumor progression. Additionally, we present an outline of the interplay between metabolic processes and the epigenome of cancer cells, underscoring the importance regarding the metastatic process. Lastly, we examine the potential of targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach in combating cancer progression, shedding light on innovative drugs/targets currently undergoing preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pascual
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Blanca Majem
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Lin Y, Deng H, Deng F, Yao S, Deng X, Cheng Y, Chen Y, He B, Dai W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Wang X. Remodeling of intestinal epithelium derived extracellular vesicles by nanoparticles and its bioeffect on tumor cell migration. J Control Release 2024; 365:60-73. [PMID: 37972765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an effective tool to elucidate the bioeffect of nanomedicines. To clarify the interaction between oral nanomedicines and intestinal epithelial cells, and their bioeffects on downstream cells, polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) with different sizes were used as the model nanomedicines for EVs induction. Caco-2 monolayers were selected as the model of the intestinal epithelium and DLD-1 cells as the colorectal cancer model proximal to the gastrointestinal tract. It is found that compared with small-sized (25, 50, 100 nm) PS-NPs, the large-sized (200 and 500 nm) exhibited higher co-localization with multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, and more significant reduction of lysosomal acidification in Caco-2 cells. Proteomic and western-blotting analysis showed that the EVs remodeled by large-sized PS-NPs exhibited a higher extent of protein expression changes. The in vitro and in vivo signaling pathway detection in DLD-1 cells and DLD-1 cell xenograft nude mice showed that the remodeled EVs by large-sized PS-NPs inhibited the activation of multiple signaling pathways including Notch3, EGF/EGFR, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which resulted in the inhibition of tumor cell migration. These results primarily clarify the regulation mechanisms of nanomedicines-EVs-receptor cells chain. It provides a new perspective for the rational design and bioeffect evaluation of oral drug nanomaterials and sets up the fundamental knowledge for novel tumor therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hailiang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feiyang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siyu Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxi Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510700, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China.
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Younis YM, Hidayat HJ, Rasul MF, Mohamadtahr S. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: Blueprint in colorectal cancer metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:615-632. [PMID: 37767111 PMCID: PMC10520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the world's third-most prevalent cancer, and metastatic CRC considerably increases cancer-related fatalities globally. A number of complex mechanisms that are strictly controlled at the molecular level are involved in metastasis, which is the primary reason for death in people with CRC. Recently, it has become clear that exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by non-tumorous and tumorigenic cells, play a critical role as communication mediators among tumor microenvironment (TME). To facilitate communication between the TME and cancer cells, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role and are recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, such as metastasis and drug resistance. NcRNAs are now recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and many hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs, like miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, have been demonstrated to influence a number of cellular mechanisms that contribute to CRC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that link exosomal ncRNAs with CRC metastasis are not well understood. This review highlights the essential roles that exosomal ncRNAs play in the progression of CRC metastatic disease and explores the therapeutic choices that are open to patients who have CRC metastases. However, exosomal ncRNA treatment strategy development is still in its early phases; consequently, additional investigation is required to improve delivery methods and find novel therapeutic targets as well as confirm the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
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44
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Lv S, Wang G, Dai L, Wang T, Wang F. Cellular and Molecular Connections Between Bone Fracture Healing and Exosomes. Physiol Res 2023; 72:565-574. [PMID: 38015756 PMCID: PMC10751053 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a multifaceted process that requires various phases and intercellular interactions. In recent years, investigations have been conducted to assess the feasibility of utilizing exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs), to enhance and accelerate the healing process. Exosomes serve as a cargo transport platform, facilitating intercellular communication, promoting the presentation of antigens to dendritic cells, and stimulating angiogenesis. Exosomes have a special structure that gives them a special function, especially in the healing process of bone injuries. This article provides an overview of cellular and molecular processes associated with bone fracture healing, as well as a survey of existing exosome research in this context. We also discuss the potential use of exosomes in fracture healing, as well as the obstacles that must be overcome to make this a viable clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinopharm China Railway Engineering Corporation Central Hospital, Hefei, China.
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45
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Chen ZH, Lin YL, Chen SQ, Yang XY. Identification of necroptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis prediction and screening of potential drugs in patients with colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1951-1973. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastasis lead to a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Necroptosis is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affects tumor recurrence and metastasis. We aimed to stratify CRC patients according to necroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which can be used to not only evaluate prognosis and improve precision medicine in clinical practice but also screen potential immunotherapy drugs.
AIM To stratify CRC patients according to necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs), which can be used to not only evaluate prognosis and improve precision medicine in clinical practice but also screen potential immunotherapy drugs.
METHODS LncRNA expression profiles were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. NRLs were identified by coexpression analysis. Cox regression analysis identified a NRL signature. Then, the value of this signature was comprehensively and multidimensionally evaluated, and its reliability for CRC prognosis prediction was assessed with clinical CRC data and compared with that of six other lncRNA signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis, TME analysis and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) prediction were also performed according to the risk score (RS) of the signature.
RESULTS An 8-lncRNA signature significantly associated with overall survival (OS) was constructed, and its reliability was validated with clinical CRC data. Most of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) values for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS for this signature were higher than those for the other six lncRNA signatures. OS, disease-specific survival and the progression-free interval were all significantly poorer in the high-risk group. The RS of the signature showed good concordance with the predicted prognosis, with AUCs for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of 0.79, 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Additionally, the calibration plots for this signature combined with clinical factors showed that this combination could effectively improve the ability to predict OS. The RS was correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Most of the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology terms were tumor metastasis-related pathways in the high-risk group; these patients showed greater infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, hematopoietic stem cells and M2 macrophages, but less infiltration of infiltrating antitumor effector immune cells, such as cluster of differentiation 8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). We explored additional potential immune checkpoint genes and potential immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic drugs with relatively low IC50 values.
CONCLUSION We identified an NRL signature with strong fidelity that could stably predict prognosis and might be an indicator of the TME of CRC. Furthermore, additional potential immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic drugs were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lin
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shao-Qin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
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46
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Ballarò C, Quaranta V, Giannelli G. Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Can Cytokines Make the Difference? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5359. [PMID: 38001618 PMCID: PMC10670198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metastasis is the prime driver of CRC-related mortality, and the liver is the organ most frequently involved. Despite the overall success of current treatments, colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is associated with poor prognoses and a survival rate of only 14%. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the crosstalk within it in determining the invasion of distant organs by circulating cancer cells. In the TME, cellular communication is mediated via soluble molecules, among which cytokines have recently emerged as key regulators, involved in every aspect of tumor progression and the metastatic cascade. Indeed, in the serum of CRC patients elevated levels of several cytokines are associated with cancer development and progression. The current review evaluates the role of different cytokines during CRLM development. Additionally, considering the increasing amount of data concerning the importance of cytokine complex networks, we outline the potential of combination treatments using targeted cytokines together with other well-established therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockades, chemotherapy, or gene therapy, to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ballarò
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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47
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Wu J, Dong W, Pan Y, Wang J, Wu M, Yu Y. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and metastasis in colorectal cancer: implication of neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296783. [PMID: 37936694 PMCID: PMC10626548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary colorectal cancer (CRC) often leads to liver metastasis, possibly due to the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) in liver. Thus, unravelling the key modulator in metastasis is important for the development of clinical therapies. Gut microbiota dysregulation is a key event during CRC progression and metastasis. Numerous studies have elucidated the correlation between specific gut bacteria strains (e.g., pks + E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis) and CRC initiation, and gut bacteria translocation is commonly witnessed during CRC progression. Gut microbiota shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) through direct contact with immune cells or through its functional metabolites. However, how gut microbiota facilitates CRC metastasis remains controversial. Meanwhile, recent studies identify the dissemination of bacteria from gut lumen to liver, suggesting the role of gut microbiota in shaping tumor PMN. A pro-tumoral PMN is characterized by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. Notably, neutrophils form web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) both in primary TME and metastatic sites, NETs are involved in cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbiota in CRC progression and metastasis, highlight the multiple functions of different immune cell types in TME, especially neutrophils and NETs, discuss the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota in shaping PMN formation, and provide therapeutical indications in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayun Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yang X, Xie X, Liu S, Ma W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Yu CY. Engineered Exosomes as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5479-5503. [PMID: 37695590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made a significant positive effect on cancer treatment by integrating multicomponents into a single multifunctional nanosized delivery system for combinatorial therapies. Although numerous nanocarriers developed so far have achieved excellent therapeutic performance in mouse models via elegant integration of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, their synthetic origin may still cause systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, and preferential detection or elimination by the immune system. Exosomes, endogenous nanosized particles secreted by multiple biological cells, could be absorbed by recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication and content delivery. Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel cargo delivery tools and attracted considerable attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their innate stability, biological compatibility, and biomembrane penetration capacity. Exosome-related properties and functions have been well-documented; however, there are few reviews, to our knowledge, with a focus on the combination of exosomes and nanotechnology for the development of exosome-based theranostic platforms. To make a timely review on this hot subject of research, we summarize the basic information, isolation and functionalization methodologies, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in various cancers with an emphasis on the description of exosome-related nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. The existing appealing challenges and outlook in exosome clinical translation are finally introduced. Advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology will definitely not only promote the integration of intrinsic advantages of natural nanosized exosomes with traditional synthetic nanomaterials for modulated precise cancer treatment but also contribute to the clinical translations of exosome-based nanomedicine as theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Hegde M, Kumar A, Girisa S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Goel A, Hui KM, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Exosomal noncoding RNA-mediated spatiotemporal regulation of lipid metabolism: Implications in immune evasion and chronic inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:114-134. [PMID: 37419767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases is immune evasion. Successful immune evasion involves numerous mechanisms to suppress both adaptive and innate immune responses. Either direct contact between cells or paracrine signaling triggers these responses. Exosomes are critical drivers of these interactions and exhibit both immunogenic and immune evasion properties during the development and progression of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Exosomes carry diverse molecular cargo, including lipids, proteins, and RNAs that are crucial for immunomodulation. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that exosomes and their cargo-loaded molecules are extensively involved in lipid remodeling and metabolism during immune surveillance and disease. Many studies have also shown the involvement of lipids in controlling immune cell activities and their crucial upstream functions in regulating inflammasome activation, suggesting that any perturbation in lipid metabolism results in abnormal immune responses. Strikingly, the expanded immunometabolic reprogramming capacities of exosomes and their contents provided insights into the novel mechanisms behind the prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases. By summarizing the tremendous therapeutic potential of exosomes, this review emphasizes the role of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in regulating immune responses through the modulation of lipid metabolism and their promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Computers and communications Department College of Engineering Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Akul Goel
- California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Liu H, Zhang G, Gao R. Cellular and molecular characteristics of the premetastatic niches. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:399-408. [PMID: 37902101 PMCID: PMC10614130 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The premetastatic niches (PMN) formed by primary tumor-derived molecules regulate distant organs and tissues to further favor tumor colonization. Targeted PMN therapy may prevent tumor metastasis in the early stages, which is becoming increasingly important. At present, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular characteristics of the PMN. Here, we summarize current research advances on the cellular and molecular characteristics of the PMN. We emphasize that PMN intervention is a potential therapeutic strategy for early prevention of tumor metastasis, which provides a promising basis for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Ran Gao
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
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