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Su L, Lu H, Zhang D, Zhu X, Li J, Zong Y, Zhao Y, He Z, Chen W, Du R. Total paeony glycoside relieves neuroinflammation to exert antidepressant effect via the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155519. [PMID: 38492365 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental illness characterised by abnormal and depressed emotions. Total paeony glycoside (TPG) is a naturally active saponin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Paeoniae rubra. However, the antidepressant and neuroinflammatory effects of TPG have not been thoroughly studied. PURPOSE To study the therapeutic potential of TGP in depression caused by neuronal injury and neuroinflammation and to explore the mechanism of TGP and the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, and autophagy. STUDY DESIGN A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model and a cell model of corticosterone (CORT)-induced hippocampal neuron injury were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TPG. METHODS The composition of TPG was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The effects of TPG and fluoxetine on depression-like behaviour, neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice models were evaluated. RESULTS TGP alleviated depression-like behaviours in mice and inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced in CORT-induced hippocampal neuron cells and in the serum of a mouse model of CUMS-induced depression. In addition, TGP treatment reduced the levels of NLRP3 family pyrin structural domains, including NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, and IL-1β, and the pyroptosis related proteins such as GSDMD-N. Importantly, TPG attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, promoted the clearance of damaged mitochondria, and the activation of mitochondrial autophagy, which reduced ROS accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. An in-depth study observed that the regulatory effect of TPG on autophagy was attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in vitro and in vivo. However, administration of the caspase-1 inhibitor Belnacasan (VX-765) successfully inhibited pyroptosis and showed a synergistic therapeutic effect with TPG. CONCLUSION These results indicate that TPG can repair neuronal damage by activating autophagy, restoring mitochondrial function, and reducing inflammation-mediated pyroptosis, thereby playing an important role in the alleviation of neuroinflammation and depression. This study suggests new potential drugs and treatment strategies for neuroinflammation-related diseases and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Education, Changchun 130118, China.
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Fang X, Xia W, Qi Y, Yu Y, Sun Q, Zhang D, Zhou Z, Qin T, Tao C, Li J. SIRT2 regulates apoptosis by inducing mitophagy in sheep cumulus cells. Theriogenology 2024; 218:163-173. [PMID: 38330860 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cumulus cells surrounding oocytes furnish nutritional support crucial for oocyte maturation in vitro, and thereby enhance oocyte quality significantly. Our previous studies affirmed the role of SIRT2 in regulation of mitochondrial function in sheep granulosa cells. However, the effect of SIRT2 action on mitophagy in these cells remain unclear. Here, RNA-seq was used to scrutinize pathways where differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are enriched following SIRT2 knockdown in cumulus cells. Prior to SIRT2 knock down, cumulus cells were treated with the mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1. Potential mechanisms by which SIRT2 affects apoptosis via mitophagy were explored. Results indicated that DEGs after SIRT2 knockdown were enriched in various pathways including mitochondria, mitophagy, and apoptosis. The expression levels of CASP3/CASP9 were significantly increased after mitophagy activation (P < 0.01), whereas inhibition of mitophagy had no effect on apoptosis (P > 0.05). Pretreatment of cumulus cells with Mdivi-1 prior to SIRT2 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of mitophagy-related genes, the number of autolysosomes, the expression of CASP3/CASP9, and the levels of Ca2+ and cytochrome C (P < 0.05). In addition, an improvement in mitochondrial morphology and increases in ATP levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers were observed. Interestingly, double knockdown of SIRT2 and MAPK15 was found to reverse increased mitophagy and apoptosis activity caused by SIRT2 knockdown. Our findings indicate that SIRT2 modulate apoptosis in cumulus cells by regulating mitophagy, with MAPK15 likely playing a pivotal role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Yatian Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Qingyi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Tianmiao Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, 071000, PR China.
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Lechner SA, Barnett DGS, Gammie SC, Kelm-Nelson CA. Prodromal Parkinson disease signs are predicted by a whole-blood inflammatory transcriptional signature in young Pink1 -/- rats. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:11. [PMID: 38438964 PMCID: PMC10910737 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease. The molecular pathology of PD in the prodromal phase is poorly understood; as such, there are no specific prognostic or diagnostic tests. A validated Pink1 genetic knockout rat was used to model early-onset and progressive PD. Male Pink1-/- rats exhibit progressive declines in ultrasonic vocalizations as well as hindlimb and forelimb motor deficits by mid-to-late adulthood. Previous RNA-sequencing work identified upregulation of genes involved in disease pathways and inflammation within the brainstem and vocal fold muscle. The purpose of this study was to identify gene pathways within the whole blood of young Pink1-/- rats (3 months of age) and to link gene expression to early acoustical changes. To accomplish this, limb motor testing (open field and cylinder tests) and ultrasonic vocalization data were collected, immediately followed by the collection of whole blood and RNA extraction. Illumina® Total RNA-Seq TruSeq platform was used to profile differential expression of genes. Statistically significant genes were identified and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was used to construct co-expression networks and modules from the whole blood gene expression dataset as well as the open field, cylinder, and USV acoustical dataset. ENRICHR was used to identify the top up-regulated biological pathways. RESULTS The data suggest that inflammation and interferon signaling upregulation in the whole blood is present during early PD. We also identified genes involved in the dysregulation of ribosomal protein and RNA processing gene expression as well as prion protein gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These data identified several potential blood biomarkers and pathways that may be linked to anxiety and vocalization acoustic parameters and are key candidates for future drug-repurposing work and comparison to human datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David G S Barnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Stephen C Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 416, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Biswal L, Sardoiwala MN, Kushwaha AC, Mukherjee S, Karmakar S. Melatonin-Loaded Nanoparticles Augment Mitophagy to Retard Parkinson's Disease. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8417-8429. [PMID: 38344952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The molecular pathways that melatonin follows as a Parkinson's disease (PD) antagonist remain poorly elucidated, despite it being a safe and a potential neurotherapeutic drug with a few limitations such as less bioavailability, premature oxidation, brain delivery, etc. Here, we used a biocompatible protein (HSA) nanocarrier for the delivery of melatonin to the brain. This nanomelatonin showed better antioxidative and neuroprotective properties, and it not only improves mitophagy to remove unhealthy mitochondria but also improves mitochondrial biogenesis to counteract rotenone-induced toxicity in an in vitro PD model. We also showed BMI1, a member of the PRC1 complex that regulates mitophagy, whose protein expression was enhanced after nanomelatonin dosage. These effects were translated to a rodent model, where nanomelatonin improves the TH+ve neuron population in SNPC and protects against rotenone-mediated toxicity. Our findings highlight the significantly better in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect of nanomelatonin as well as the molecular/cellular dynamics it influences to regulate mitophagy as a measure of the potential therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liku Biswal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India
| | | | | | - Syamantak Mukherjee
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India
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Chao X, Yao D, Chen C, Sheng Z, Zhu B. Tetrabromobisphenol A induces neuronal cytotoxicity by inhibiting PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy via upregulating ATF3 expression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169175. [PMID: 38065503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), as a widely used brominated flame retardant, has been implicated as a potential neurotoxicant. However, the mechanism of TBBPA-induced neurotoxicity has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, using mouse hippocampal neuron cell HT22 as the in vitro model, the neuronal cytotoxicity of TBBPA and the mechanism by focusing on mitophagy have been studied. We found that neuronal cytotoxic effects were indeed induced by TBBPA exposure at concentrations of >20 μM for 24 h, including decreased cell viability (to 92.38 % at 20 μM; 18.25 % at 80 μM), enhanced ROS (enhanced 53.26 % at IC50 of 60 μM, compared with that in the control group) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels (enhanced 24.12 % at 60 μM), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (decreased 33.60 % at 60 μM). As a protective mechanism in cells, autophagy was initiated; however, mitophagy was inhibited, where PINK1 (PINK1-Parkin activation is critical in the depolarized MMP-induced mitophagy) expression was found to be repressed and decreased, further leading to the failure of Parkin recruitment to the damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy activator, nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) that activates the PINK1-Parkin pathway, could alleviate TBBPA-induced mitophagy deficiency and further reduce the neuronal cytotoxicity, demonstrating that TBBPA-induced PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy deficiency contributed to the neuronal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found TBBPA caused the upregulation of Atf3 (activating transcription factor 3) gene transcription and expression levels, alongside reduced Pink1 levels; whereas enhanced Pink1 transcript levels were observed after ATF3 depletion even under TBBPA treatment, demonstrating TBBPA-induced overexpression of ATF3 should be responsible for the reduced PINK1 expression. Therefore, for the first time, here we demonstrate that TBBPA can inhibit PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy via upregulating ATF3 expression, which further contributes to its neuronal cytotoxicity. This study should be able to improve our understanding of the mechanism of TBBPA-induced neuronal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dezhi Yao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chuxuan Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiguo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Benzhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Huang Y, Liang B, Li Z, Zhong Y, Wang B, Zhang B, Du J, Ye R, Xian H, Min W, Yan X, Deng Y, Feng Y, Bai R, Fan B, Yang X, Huang Z. Polystyrene nanoplastic exposure induces excessive mitophagy by activating AMPK/ULK1 pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:44. [PMID: 37993864 PMCID: PMC10664492 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging environmental contaminants detected in human samples, and have raised concerns regarding their potential risks to human health, particularly neurotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the deleterious effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm) and understand their mechanisms in inducing Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurodegeneration, along with exploring preventive strategies. METHODS Following exposure to PS-NPs (0.5-500 μg/mL), we assessed cytotoxicity, mitochondrial integrity, ATP levels, and mitochondrial respiration in dopaminergic-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations explored PS-NPs' interactions with mitochondrial complexes. We further probed mitophagy's pivotal role in PS-NP-induced mitochondrial damage and examined melatonin's ameliorative potential in vitro. We validated melatonin's intervention (intraperitoneal, 10 mg/kg/d) in C57BL/6 J mice exposed to 250 mg/kg/d of PS-NPs for 28 days. RESULTS In our in vitro experiments, we observed PS-NP accumulation in cells, including mitochondria, leading to cell toxicity and reduced viability. Notably, antioxidant treatment failed to fully rescue viability, suggesting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent cytotoxicity. PS-NPs caused significant mitochondrial damage, characterized by altered morphology, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased ATP production. Subsequent investigations pointed to PS-NP-induced disruption of mitochondrial respiration, potentially through interference with complex I (CI), a concept supported by molecular docking studies highlighting the influence of PS-NPs on CI. Rescue experiments using an AMPK pathway inhibitor (compound C) and an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) revealed that excessive mitophagy was induced through AMPK/ULK1 pathway activation, worsening mitochondrial damage and subsequent cell death in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Notably, we identified melatonin as a potential protective agent, capable of alleviating PS-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that melatonin could mitigate dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairments by restoring mitophagy regulation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that PS-NPs disrupt mitochondrial function by affecting CI, leading to excessive mitophagy through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway, causing dopaminergic neuron death. Melatonin can counteract PS-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and motor impairments by regulating mitochondrial autophagy. These findings offer novel insights into the MNP-induced PD-like neurodegenerative mechanisms, and highlight melatonin's protective potential in mitigating the MNP's environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicui Min
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruobing Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingchi Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng X, Liu K, Xie Q, Xin H, Chen W, Lin S, Feng D, Zhu T. PHB2 Alleviates Neurotoxicity of Prion Peptide PrP 106-126 via PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15919. [PMID: 37958902 PMCID: PMC10647768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Mitophagy is a selective form of macroautophagy that clears injured mitochondria. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) has been identified as a novel inner membrane mitophagy receptor that mediates mitophagy. However, the role of PHB2 in prion diseases remains unclear. In this study, we isolated primary cortical neurons from rats and used the neurotoxic prion peptide PrP106-126 as a cell model for prion diseases. We examined the role of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced mitophagy using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy and assessed the function of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced neuronal death using the cell viability assay and the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PrP106-126 induced mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and mitophagy in primary cortical neurons. PHB2 was found to be indispensable for PrP106-126-induced mitophagy and was involved in the accumulation of PINK1 and recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in primary neurons. Additionally, PHB2 depletion exacerbated neuronal cell death induced by PrP106-126, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated PrP106-126 neuronal toxicity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that PHB2 is indispensable for PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in PrP106-126-treated neurons and protects neurons against the neurotoxicity of the prion peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangkuo Xin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Danqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (K.L.); (Q.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Thapak P, Smith G, Ying Z, Paydar A, Harris N, Gomez-Pinilla F. The BDNF mimetic R-13 attenuates TBI pathogenesis using TrkB-related pathways and bioenergetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166781. [PMID: 37286142 PMCID: PMC10619508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is major neurological burden globally, and effective treatments are urgently needed. TBI is characterized by a reduction in energy metabolism and synaptic function that seems a primary cause of neuronal dysfunction. R13, a small drug and BDNF mimetic showed promising results in improving spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior after TBI. Additionally, R13 was found to counteract reductions in molecules associated with BDNF signaling (p-TrkB, p-PI3K, p-AKT), synaptic plasticity (GluR2, PSD95, Synapsin I) as well as bioenergetic components such as mitophagy (SOD, PGC-1α, PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, and LC3) and real-time mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Behavioral and molecular changes were accompanied by adaptations in functional connectivity assessed using MRI. Results highlight the potential of R13 as a therapeutic agent for TBI and provide valuable insights into the molecular and functional changes associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhe Ying
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Afshin Paydar
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Neil Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Lechner SA, Barnett DGS, Gammie SC, Kelm-Nelson CA. Prodromal Parkinson disease signs are predicted by a whole-blood inflammatory transcriptional signature in young Pink1-/- rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3269607. [PMID: 37674708 PMCID: PMC10479403 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3269607/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Parkinson disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease. The molecular pathology of PD in the prodromal phase is poorly understood; as such, there are no specific prognostic or diagnostic tests. A validated Pink1 genetic knockout rat was used to model early-onset and progressive PD. Male Pink1-/- rats exhibit progressive declines in ultrasonic vocalizations as well as hindlimb and forelimb motor deficits by mid-to-late adulthood. Previous RNA-sequencing work identified upregulation of genes involved in disease pathways and inflammation within the brainstem and vocal fold muscle. The purpose of this study was to identify gene pathways within the whole blood of young Pink1-/- rats (3 months of age) and to link gene expression to early acoustical changes. To accomplish this, limb motor testing (open field and cylinder tests) and ultrasonic vocalization data were collected, immediately followed by the collection of whole blood and RNA extraction. Illumina® Total RNA-Seq TruSeq platform was used to profile differential expression of genes. Statistically significant genes were identified and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was used to construct co-expression networks and modules from the whole blood gene expression dataset as well as the open field, cylinder, and USV acoustical dataset. ENRICHR was used to identify the top up-regulated biological pathways. Results The data suggest that inflammation and interferon signaling upregulation in the whole blood is present during early PD. We also identified genes involved in the dysregulation of ribosomal protein and RNA processing gene expression as well as prion protein gene expression. Conclusions These data identified several potential blood biomarkers and pathways that may be linked to anxiety and vocalization acoustic parameters and are key candidates for future drug-repurposing work and comparison to human datasets.
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Yang D, Li J, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang D, Sun Z, Wen P, Gou F, Dai Y, Ji Y, Li W, Zhao D, Yang L. Cardiolipin externalization mediates prion protein (PrP) peptide 106-126-associated mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1163981. [PMID: 37333615 PMCID: PMC10272765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1163981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper mitochondrial performance is imperative for the maintenance of normal neuronal function to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Persistent accumulation of damaged mitochondria plays a role in prion disease pathogenesis, which involves a chain of events that culminate in the generation of reactive oxygen species and neuronal death. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy induced by PrP106-126 is defective and leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria after PrP106-126 treatment. Externalized cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, has been reported to play a role in mitophagy by directly interacting with LC3II at the outer mitochondrial membrane. The involvement of CL externalization in PrP106-126-induced mitophagy and its significance in other physiological processes of N2a cells treated with PrP106-126 remain unknown. We demonstrate that the PrP106-126 peptide caused a temporal course of mitophagy in N2a cells, which gradually increased and subsequently decreased. A similar trend in CL externalization to the mitochondrial surface was seen, resulting in a gradual decrease in CL content at the cellular level. Inhibition of CL externalization by knockdown of CL synthase, responsible for de novo synthesis of CL, or phospholipid scramblase-3 and NDPK-D, responsible for CL translocation to the mitochondrial surface, significantly decreased PrP106-126-induced mitophagy in N2a cells. Meanwhile, the inhibition of CL redistribution significantly decreased PINK1 and DRP1 recruitment in PrP106-126 treatment but had no significant decrease in Parkin recruitment. Furthermore, the inhibition of CL externalization resulted in impaired oxidative phosphorylation and severe oxidative stress, which led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results indicate that CL externalization induced by PrP106-126 on N2a cells plays a positive role in the initiation of mitophagy, leading to the stabilization of mitochondrial function.
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11
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Monoterpenoid Epoxidiol Ameliorates the Pathological Phenotypes of the Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model by Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065842. [PMID: 36982914 PMCID: PMC10058627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Unfortunately, there is still no definitive disease-modifying therapy. In our work, the antiparkinsonian potential of trans-epoxide (1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0]heptan-2,3-diol (E-diol) was analyzed in a rotenone-induced neurotoxicity model using in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo approaches. It was conducted as part of the study of the mitoprotective properties of the compound. E-diol has been shown to have cytoprotective properties in the SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to rotenone, which is associated with its ability to prevent the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and restore the oxygen consumption rate after inhibition of the complex I function. Under the conditions of rotenone modeling of Parkinson’s disease in vivo, treatment with E-diol led to the leveling of both motor and non-motor disorders. The post-mortem analysis of brain samples from these animals demonstrated the ability of E-diol to prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, that substance restored functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, preventing oxidative damage. Thus, E-diol can be considered as a new potential agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Li C, Zhu Y, Liu W, Xiang W, He S, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T. Impaired mitophagy causes mitochondrial DNA leakage and STING activation in ultraviolet B-irradiated human keratinocytes HaCaT. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109553. [PMID: 36842493 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation causes skin damages. In this study, we focus on the involvement of mitochondrial disorders in UVB injury. Surprisingly, UVB irradiation increases the amounts of mitochondria in human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT. However, further analysis shows that ATP levels decreased by UVB treatment in accordance with the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), suggesting an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Mitophagy, mainly mediated by PINK1 and parkin, is critical for the elimination of damaged mitochondria. Western blot results show that the levels of both PINK1 and parkin are decreased in UVB-irradiated cells, indicating the impairment of mitophagy. Silencing the expression of PINK1 or parkin by transfection of siRNA shows essentially the same damage to the cells as UVB irradiation does, including increased mitochondrial amount, decreased MMP and ATP production, and enhanced apoptosis, evidencing that repression of PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a primary cause of UVB-caused cells damages. We previously found that HaCaT cells exposed to UVB showed activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and apoptosis. Here, silencing PINK1 or parkin also increases the protein levels of cGAS and STING, facilitates nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, and promotes the transcription of IFNβ, suggesting for the activation of STING pathway. Mitophagy impairment either by UVB-irradiation or by PINK1/parkin silencing initiates caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, as shown by the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP, as well as the increase of Hoechst-positive stained cells and Annexin V-positive cells. Further studies find that Bax-mediated permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane is critical for cell apoptosis, as well as the cytosolic leakage of mtDNA in UVB-treated cells, which results in cGAS-STING activation, and these processes are negatively-regulated by PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. This study reveals the involvement of dysfunctional mitochondria due to impaired mitophagy in the damaging effect of UVB irradiation on HaCaT cells. Restoring the mitophagy has the potential to be developed as a new strategy to protect skin from UVB damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Wendie Xiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Sijun He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China; Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, China.
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RAB7A GTPase Is Involved in Mitophagosome Formation and Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in N2a Cells Treated with the Prion Protein Fragment 106-126. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1391-1407. [PMID: 36449254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Failed communication between mitochondria and lysosomes causes dysfunctional mitochondria, which may induce mitochondria-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that RAB7A, a small GTPase of the Rab family, mediates the crosstalk between these two important organelles to maintain homeostasis in N2a cells treated with PrP106-126. Specifically, we demonstrate that mitophagy deficiency in N2a cells caused by PrP106-126 is associated with dysregulated RAB7A localization in mitochondria. Cells lacking RAB7A display decreased mitochondrial colocalization with lysosomes and significantly increased mitochondrial protein expression, resulting in inhibited mitophagy. In contrast, overexpression of GTP-bound RAB7A directly induces lysosome colocalization with mitochondria. Further study revealed that GTP-bound RAB7A protects mitochondrial homeostasis by supporting autophagosome biogenesis. Moreover, we suggest that depletion of RAB7A leads to gross morphological changes in lysosomes, which prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion and interferes with the breakdown of autophagic cargo within lysosomes. Overexpression of GTP-bound RAB7A can also alleviate PrP106-126-induced morphological damage and dysfunction of mitochondria, reducing neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RAB7A successfully drives mitochondria to the autophagosomal lumen for degradation, suggesting that the communication of proteotoxic stress from mitochondria to lysosomes requires RAB7A, as a signaling molecule, to establish a link between the disturbed mitochondrial network and its remodeling. These findings indicate that small molecules regulating mitophagy have the potential to modulate cellular homeostasis and the clinical course of neurodegenerative diseases. Proposed model of mitophagy regulated by RAB7A. (1) Accumulating PrP106-126 induced mitophagy. (2) RAB7A is recruited to mitochondria. (3) ATG5-12 and ATG9A (5) vesicles are recruited to the autophagosome formation sites in a RAB7A-dependent manner. The ATG5-12 complex recruits and anchors LC3-I to form active LC3-II (4), accelerating mitophagosomal formation. The ATG9A vesicles are thought to be a source of membranes for autophagosome assembly. The recruitment of proteins and lipids induces membrane expansion and subsequent closure to form the mitophagosome. (6) Maintenance of the normal low lysosomal PH depends on active (GTP-bound) RAB7A. (7) RAB7A recruits effector molecules responsible for tight membrane interactions, and directly or indirectly, the subsequent autophagosome merges with the lysosome, and the cargo is completely degraded.
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Xu BT, Li MF, Chen KC, Li X, Cai NB, Xu JP, Wang HT. Mitofusin-2 mediates cannabidiol-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:499-512. [PMID: 36229600 PMCID: PMC9958179 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) reportedly exerts protective effects against many psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of CBD against cerebral ischemia. HT-22 cells or primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation insult followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). In both HT-22 cells and primary cortical neurons, CBD pretreatment (0.1, 0.3, 1 μM) dose-dependently attenuated OGD/R-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction, ameliorated OGD/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and increased the mitofusin-2 (MFN2) protein level in HT-22 cells and primary cortical neurons. Knockdown of MFN2 abolished the protective effects of CBD. CBD pretreatment also suppressed OGD/R-induced binding of Parkin to MFN2 and subsequent ubiquitination of MFN2. Overexpression of Parkin blocked the effects of CBD in reducing MFN2 ubiquitination and reduced cell viability, whereas overexpressing MFN2 abolished Parkin's detrimental effects. In vivo experiments were conducted on male rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) insult, and administration of CBD (2.5, 5 mg · kg-1, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced the infarct volume and ER stress in the brains. Moreover, the level of MFN2 within the ischemic penumbra of rats was increased by CBD treatment, while the binding of Parkin to MFN2 and the ubiquitination of MFN2 was decreased. Finally, short hairpin RNA against MFN2 reversed CBD's protective effects. Together, these results demonstrate that CBD protects brain neurons against cerebral ischemia by reducing MFN2 degradation via disrupting Parkin's binding to MFN2, indicating that MFN2 is a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Tian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Meng-Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke-Chun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ning-Bo Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1649842. [PMID: 36846712 PMCID: PMC9957633 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy's role in TBI progression.
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16
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Li J, Yang D, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang D, Sun Z, Wen P, Dai Y, Gou F, Ji Y, Zhao D, Yang L. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101817. [PMID: 36503124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling; therefore, stable mitochondrial function is essential for cell survival, particularly in energy-intensive neuronal cells. In neurodegenerative diseases, damaged mitochondria accumulate in neurons causing associated bioenergetics deficiency, impaired cell signaling, defective cytoplasmic calcium buffering, and other pathological changes. Mitochondrial quality control is an important mechanism to ensure the maintenance of mitochondrial health, homeostasis, and mitophagy, the latter of which is a pathway that delivers defective mitochondria to the lysosome for degradation. Defective mitophagy is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which leads to cellular dysfunction and/or death in neurodegenerative diseases. PINK1/Parkin mainly regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, which is crucial for many aspects of mitochondrial physiology, particularly the initiation of autophagic mechanisms. Therefore, in the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the conventional mitophagy pathway, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy dysregulation in prion disease and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, especially in relation to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Moreover, we list the inducers of mitophagy that possess neuroprotective effects, in addition to their mechanisms related to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. These mechanisms may provide potential interventions centered on the regulation of mitophagy and offer therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Sun
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wen
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Dai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengting Gou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Ji
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Lazzeri G, Ferese R, Biagioni F, Salvetti A, Pompili E, De Franchis V, Puglisi-Allegra S, Frati A, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Autophagy Activation Associates with Suppression of Prion Protein and Improved Mitochondrial Status in Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020221. [PMID: 36672156 PMCID: PMC9857229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) feature up-regulation of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), which brings deleterious effects on malignancy and disease course. At the cellular level, up-regulation of mTOR affects a number of downstream pathways and suppresses autophagy, which is relevant for the neurobiology of GBM. In fact, autophagy acts on several targets, such as protein clearance and mitochondrial status, which are key in promoting the malignancy GBM. A defective protein clearance extends to cellular prion protein (PrPc). Recent evidence indicates that PrPc promotes stemness and alters mitochondrial turnover. Therefore, the present study measures whether in GBM cells abnormal amount of PrPc and mitochondrial alterations are concomitant in baseline conditions and whether they are reverted by mTOR inhibition. Proteins related to mitochondrial turnover were concomitantly assessed. High amounts of PrPc and altered mitochondria were both mitigated dose-dependently by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which produced a persistent activation of the autophagy flux and shifted proliferating cells from S to G1 cell cycle phase. Similarly, mTOR suppression produces a long-lasting increase of proteins promoting mitochondrial turnover, including Pink1/Parkin. These findings provide novel evidence about the role of autophagy in the neurobiology of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosangela Ferese
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Pompili
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio De Franchis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-050-2218667
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Bourebaba L, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Pielok A, Sikora M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. The PTP1B inhibitor MSI-1436 ameliorates liver insulin sensitivity by modulating autophagy, ER stress and systemic inflammation in Equine metabolic syndrome affected horses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149610. [PMID: 37020593 PMCID: PMC10067883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a multifactorial pathology gathering insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and past or chronic laminitis. Among the several molecular mechanisms underlying EMS pathogenesis, increased negative insulin signalling regulation mediated by protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B) has emerged as a critical axis in the development of liver insulin resistance and general metabolic distress associated to increased ER stress, inflammation and disrupted autophagy. Thus, the use of PTP1B selective inhibitors such as MSI-1436 might be considered as a golden therapeutic tool for the proper management of EMS and associated conditions. Therefore, the present investigation aimed at verifying the clinical efficacy of MSI-1436 systemic administration on liver metabolic balance, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status in EMS affected horses. Moreover, the impact of MSI-1436 treatment on liver autophagy machinery and associated ER stress in liver tissue has been analysed. METHODS Liver explants isolated from healthy and EMS horses have been treated with MSI-1436 prior to gene and protein expression analysis of main markers mediating ER stress, mitophagy and autophagy. Furthermore, EMS horses have been intravenously treated with a single dose of MSI-1436, and evaluated for their metabolic and inflammatory status. RESULTS Clinical application of MSI-1436 to EMS horses restored proper adiponectin levels and attenuated the typical hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Moreover, administration of MSI-1436 further reduced the circulating levels of key pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β and triggered the Tregs cells activation. At the molecular level, PTP1B inhibition resulted in a noticeable mitigation of liver ER stress, improvement of mitochondrial dynamics and consequently, a regulation of autophagic response. Similarly, short-term ex vivo treatment of EMS liver explants with trodusquemine (MSI-1436) substantially enhanced autophagy by upregulating the levels of HSC70 and Beclin-1 at both mRNA and protein level. Moreover, the PTP1B inhibitor potentiated mitophagy and associated expression of MFN2 and PINK1. Interestingly, inhibition of PTP1B resulted in potent attenuation of ER stress key mediators' expression namely, CHOP, ATF6, HSPA5 and XBP1. CONCLUSION Presented findings shed for the first time promising new insights in the development of an MSI-1436-based therapy for proper equine metabolic syndrome intervention and may additionally find potential translational application to human metabolic syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ariadna Pielok
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Krzysztof Marycz,
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Fu Y, Chen Y, Tian H, Liu H, Qi D, Wu E, Wang X. Identification of BAG5 as a Potential Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease Patients With R492X PINK1 Mutation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:903958. [PMID: 35968372 PMCID: PMC9363588 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.903958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative, progressive nervous system disorder with an unknown cause. PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1] causative mutations R492X may cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. In this study, we utilized patient samples and cell line system to investigate roles of Bcl2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) in PD patients with R492X PINK1 mutation. We show that the expression levels of BAG5 in the skin tissues from PD patients with R492X PINK1 mutation are markedly lower than those from the healthy control subjects in a small cohort of patients, which has not been recognized before. In addition, we demonstrate that BAG5 physically binds to R492X mutated PINK1 protein. Furthermore, we reveal that BAG5 promotes the degradation of R492X mutated PINK1 protein via ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent pathway, suggesting that decreased level of BAG5 may lead to R492X mutated PINK1 protein accumulation. These findings suggest that BAG5 may serve as an early detection biomarker for PD patients with R492X PINK1 mutation and provide important new insights on how BAG5 affects R492X mutated PINK1 protein, highlighting therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Erxi Wu
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX, United States
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Erxi Wu,
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xuejing Wang,
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