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Patel AA, Mohamed AH, Rizaev J, Mallick AK, Qasim MT, Abdulmonem WA, Jamal A, Hattiwale HM, Kamal MA, Ahmad F. Application of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord or Wharton's jelly and their extracellular vesicles in the treatment of various diseases. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102415. [PMID: 38851032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originating from the umbilical cord (UC) or Wharton's jelly (WJ) have attracted substantial interest due to their potential to augment therapeutic approaches for a wide range of disorders. These cells demonstrate a wide range of capabilities in the process of differentiating into a multitude of cell types. Additionally, they possess a significant capacity for proliferation and are conveniently accessible. Furthermore, they possess a status of being immune-privileged, exhibit minimal tumorigenic characteristics, and raise minimal ethical concerns. Consequently, they are well-suited candidates for tissue regeneration and the treatment of diseases. Additionally, UC-derived MSCs offer a substantial yield compared to other sources. The therapeutic effects of these MSCs are closely associated with the release of nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), containing lipids, microRNAs, and proteins that facilitate intercellular communication. Due to their reduced tumorigenic and immunogenic characteristics, in addition to their convenient manipulability, EVs have arisen as a viable alternative for the management of disorders. The favorable characteristics of UC-MSCs or WJ-MSCs and their EVs have generated significant attention in clinical investigations encompassing diverse pathologies. Therefore, we present a review encompassing current preclinical and clinical investigations, examining the implications of UC-MSCs in diverse diseases, including those affecting bone, cartilage, skin, liver, kidney, neural, lung, cardiovascular, muscle, and retinal tissues, as well as conditions like cancer, diabetes, sepsis, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyub Ali Patel
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, Babil 51001, Iraq.
| | - Jasur Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroonrashid M Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
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Najm A, Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM, Beuran M. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Sarcopenia: An Updated Review on Pathogenesis and Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4300. [PMID: 38673885 PMCID: PMC11050002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a prevalent degenerative skeletal muscle condition in the elderly population, posing a tremendous burden on diseased individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Conventionally, sarcopenia is currently managed through nutritional interventions, physical therapy, and lifestyle modification, with no pharmaceutical agents being approved for specific use in this disease. As the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is still poorly understood and there is no treatment recognized as universally effective, recent research efforts have been directed at better comprehending this illness and diversifying treatment strategies. In this respect, this paper overviews the new advances in sarcopenia treatment in correlation with its underlying mechanisms. Specifically, this review creates an updated framework for sarcopenia, describing its etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and conventional treatments, further discussing emerging therapeutic approaches like new drug formulations, drug delivery systems, stem cell therapies, and tissue-engineered scaffolds in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Najm
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floresca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Beuran
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floresca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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Wu S, Sun S, Fu W, Yang Z, Yao H, Zhang Z. The Role and Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Repair and Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:743. [PMID: 38672102 PMCID: PMC11048165 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as a cell therapy with the potential to promote skin healing. MSCs, with their multipotent differentiation ability, can generate various cells related to wound healing, such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs), endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. In addition, MSCs promote neovascularization, cellular regeneration, and tissue healing through mechanisms including paracrine and autocrine signaling. Due to these characteristics, MSCs have been extensively studied in the context of burn healing and chronic wound repair. Furthermore, during the investigation of MSCs, their unique roles in skin aging and scarless healing have also been discovered. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which MSCs promote wound healing and discuss the recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies. We also explore strategies to enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Moreover, we discuss the emerging trend of combining MSCs with tissue engineering techniques, leveraging the advantages of MSCs and tissue engineering materials, such as biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels, to enhance the skin repair capacity of MSCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential of using paracrine and autocrine characteristics of MSCs to explore cell-free therapies as a future direction in stem cell-based treatments, further demonstrating the clinical and regenerative aesthetic applications of MSCs in skin repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shengbo Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wentao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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Grobbelaar S, Mercier AE, van den Bout I, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Considerations for enhanced mesenchymal stromal/stem cell myogenic commitment in vitro. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13703. [PMID: 38098144 PMCID: PMC10787211 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of tissue from stem cells is an alluring concept as it holds a number of potential applications in clinical therapeutics and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a number of different somatic sources, and have the capacity to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages. Although the first three have been extensively investigated, there remains a paucity of literature on the latter. This review looks at the various strategies available in vitro to enhance harvested MSC commitment and differentiation into the myogenic pathway. These include chemical inducers, myogenic-enhancing cell culture substrates, and mechanical and dynamic culturing conditions. Drawing on information from embryonic and postnatal myogenesis from somites, satellite, and myogenic progenitor cells, the mechanisms behind the chemical and mechanical induction strategies can be studied, and the sequential gene and signaling cascades can be used to monitor the progression of myogenic differentiation in the laboratory. Increased understanding of the stimuli and signaling mechanisms in the initial stages of MSC myogenic commitment will provide tools with which we can enhance their differentiation efficacy and advance the process to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Anne E. Mercier
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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Rather HA, Almousa S, Craft S, Deep G. Therapeutic efficacy and promise of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102088. [PMID: 37827304 PMCID: PMC10842260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) refers to a variety of heterogeneous nanovesicles secreted by almost all cell types, primarily for intercellular communication and maintaining cellular homeostasis. The role of EVs has been widely reported in the genesis and progression of multiple pathological conditions, and these vesicles are suggested to serve as 'liquid biopsies'. In addition to their use as biomarkers, EVs secreted by specific cell types, especially with stem cell properties, have shown promise as cell-free nanotherapeutics. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) have been increasingly used as an attractive alternative to stem cell therapies and have been reported to promote regeneration of aging-associated tissue loss and function. SC-EVs treatment ameliorates brain and peripheral aging, reproductive dysfunctions and inhibits cellular senescence, thereby reversing several aging-related disorders and dysfunctions. The anti-aging therapeutic potential of SC-EVs depends on multiple factors, including the type of stem cells, the age of the source stem cells, and their physiological state. In this review, we briefly describe studies related to the promising effects of SC-EVs against various aging-related pathologies, and then we focus in-depth on the therapeutic benefits of SC-EVs against Alzheimer's disease, one of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases in elderly individuals. Numerous studies in transgenic mouse models have reported the usefulness of SC-EVs in targeting the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, leading to improved neuronal protection, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive measures. Cell culture studies have further identified the underlying molecular mechanisms through which SC-EVs reduce amyloid beta (Aβ) levels or shift microglia phenotype from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory state. Interestingly, multiple routes of administration, including nasal delivery, have confirmed that SC-EVs could cross the blood-brain barrier. Due to this, SC-EVs have also been tested to deliver specific therapeutic cargo molecule/s (e.g., neprilysin) to the brain. Despite these promises, several challenges related to quality control, scalability, and biodistribution remain, hindering the realization of the vast clinical promise of SC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Rather
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Atirum Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Mastrapasqua M, Rossi R, De Cosmo L, Resta A, Errede M, Bizzoca A, Zampatti S, Resta N, Giardina E, Ruggieri M, Virgintino D, Annese T, Laforgia N, Girolamo F. Autophagy increase in Merosin-Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy type 1A. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11501. [PMID: 37522802 PMCID: PMC10583158 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy process recycles dysfunctional cellular components and protein aggregates by sequestering them in autophagosomes directed to lysosomes for enzymatic degradation. A basal level of autophagy is essential for skeletal muscle maintenance. Increased autophagy occurs in several forms of muscular dystrophy and in the merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy 1A mouse model (dy3k/dy3k) lacking the laminin-α2 chain. This pilot study aimed to compare autophagy marker expression and autophagosomes presence using light and electron microscopes and western blotting in diagnostic muscle biopsies from newborns affected by different congenital muscular myopathies and dystrophies. Morphological examination showed dystrophic muscle features, predominance of type 2A myofibers, accumulation of autophagosomes in the subsarcolemmal areas, increased number of autophagosomes overexpressing LC3b, Beclin-1 and ATG5, in the merosin-deficient newborn suggesting an increased autophagy. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, nemaline myopathy, and spinal muscular atrophy the predominant accumulation of p62+ puncta rather suggests an autophagy impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Mastrapasqua
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari.
| | - Lucrezia De Cosmo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Taranto.
| | - Annalisa Resta
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti.
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
| | - Antonella Bizzoca
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
| | - Stefania Zampatti
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine - Santa Lucia Foundation - IRCCS, Roma.
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari.
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine - Santa Lucia Foundation - IRCCS, Roma.
| | - Maddalena Ruggieri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari.
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari.
| | - Francesco Girolamo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari.
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