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Lozon L, Ramadan WS, Kawaf RR, Al-Shihabi AM, El-Awady R. Decoding cell death signalling: Impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Life Sci 2024; 342:122525. [PMID: 38423171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a principal cause of cancer-related mortality in female worldwide. While many approved therapies have shown promising outcomes in treating breast cancer, understanding the intricate signalling pathways controlling cell death is crucial for optimizing the treatment outcome. A growing body of evidence has unveiled the aberrations in multiple cell death pathways across diverse cancer types, highlighting these pathways as appealing targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the cell death signalling mechanisms with a particular focus on their impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Additionally, we discuss the potentials of combination therapies that exploit the synergy between approved drugs and therapeutic agents targeting modulators of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Lozon
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rawan R Kawaf
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aya M Al-Shihabi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Yao B, Xing M, Meng S, Li S, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yang C, Qu S, Jin Y, Yuan H, Zen K, Ma C. EBF2 Links KMT2D-Mediated H3K4me1 to Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Upregulating KLLN. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302037. [PMID: 38015024 PMCID: PMC10787067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mono-methylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4me1), which is catalyzed by histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), serves as an important epigenetic regulator in transcriptional control. In this study, the authors identify early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2) as a binding protein of H3K4me1. Combining analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data, the authors further identify killin (KLLN) as a transcriptional target of KMT2D and EBF2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. KMT2D-dependent H3K4me1 and EBF2 are predominantly over-lapped proximal to the transcription start site (TSS) of KLLN gene. Comprehensive functional assays show that KMT2D and EBF2 cooperatively inhibit PDAC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating KLLN. Such inhibition on PDAC progression is also achieved through increasing H3K4me1 level by GSK-LSD1, a selective inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Taken together, these findings reveal a new mechanism underlying PDAC progression and provide potential therapeutic targets for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Mengying Xing
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shixin Meng
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Shuang Qu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical University639 Longmian AvenueNanjingJiangsu211198China
| | - Yucui Jin
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC20007USA
| | - Ke Zen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
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3
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Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 38040675 PMCID: PMC10692240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouye Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Serebriiskii IG, Pavlov VA, Andrianov GV, Litwin S, Basickes S, Newberg JY, Frampton GM, Meyer JE, Golemis EA. Source, co-occurrence, and prognostic value of PTEN mutations or loss in colorectal cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:40. [PMID: 38001126 PMCID: PMC10674024 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic PTEN mutations are common and have driver function in some cancer types. However, in colorectal cancers (CRCs), somatic PTEN-inactivating mutations occur at a low frequency (~8-9%), and whether these mutations are actively selected and promote tumor aggressiveness has been controversial. Analysis of genomic data from ~53,000 CRCs indicates that hotspot mutation patterns in PTEN partially reflect DNA-dependent selection pressures, but also suggests a strong selection pressure based on protein function. In microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, PTEN alterations co-occur with mutations activating BRAF or PI3K, or with TP53 deletions, but not in CRC with microsatellite instability (MSI). Unexpectedly, PTEN deletions are associated with poor survival in MSS CRC, whereas PTEN mutations are associated with improved survival in MSI CRC. These and other data suggest use of PTEN as a prognostic marker is valid in CRC, but such use must consider driver mutation landscape, tumor subtype, and category of PTEN alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Serebriiskii
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Kazan Federal University, 420000, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Valerii A Pavlov
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Grigorii V Andrianov
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Samuel Litwin
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Stanley Basickes
- Greenfield Manufacturing, 9800 Bustleton Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Justin Y Newberg
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second St., Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | | | - Joshua E Meyer
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Cell Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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5
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Wang Y, Wang JM, Xiao Y, Hu XB, Zheng SY, Fu JL, Zhang L, Gan YW, Liang XM, Li DWC. SUMO1-regulated DBC1 promotes p53-dependent stress-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8812-8832. [PMID: 37683133 PMCID: PMC10522365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) was initially identified from a homozygously deleted region in human chromosome 8p21. It has been well established that DBC1 plays a dual role during cancer development. Depending on the physiological context, it can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. Whether it plays a role in lens pathogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that DBC1 is highly expressed in lens epithelial cells from different vertebrates and in retina pigment epithelial cells as well. Moreover, DBC1 is SUMOylated through SUMO1 conjugation at K591 residue in human and mouse lens epithelial cells. The SUMOylated DBC1 is localized in the nucleus and plays an essential role in promoting stress-induced apoptosis. Silence of DBC1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of DBC1 enhances oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this process depends on p53. Mechanistically, DBC1 interacts with p53 to regulate its phosphorylation status at multiple sites and the SUMOylation of DBC1 enhances its interaction with p53. Together, our results identify that DBC1 is an important regulator mediating stress-induced apoptosis in lens, and thus participates in control of lens cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jing-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xing-Miao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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6
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Luo D, Yu C, Yu J, Su C, Li S, Liang P. p53-mediated G1 arrest requires the induction of both p21 and Killin in human colon cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 21:140-151. [PMID: 34878965 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2014249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main biological function of the tumor suppressor p53 is to control cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Among the p53 target genes, p21 has been identified as a key player in p53-mediated G1 arrest, while Killin, via its high DNA binding affinity, has been implicated in S and G2/M arrest. However, whether Killin is involved in G1 arrest remains unclear. This research aimed to explore the role of Killin in p53-mediated G1 arrest. Knockout of killin in human colorectal cells led to a dramatic decrease in p53-mediated G1 arrest upon DNA damage. Moreover, double knockout of killin and p21 completely abolished G1 arrest, similar to that of p53 knockout cells. We further showed that Killin could upregulate p21 protein expression independent of p53 via ubiquitination pathways. Immunoprecipitation studies indicated that Killin may directly bind to proteasome subunits, thereby disrupting proteasomal degradation of p21. Together, these results demonstrate that Killin is involved in multiple cell cycle checkpoint controls, including p53-mediated G1 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chune Yu
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Su
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Yehia L, Eng C. PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome: what happens when there is no PTEN germline mutation? Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R150-R157. [PMID: 32568377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes represent ~10% of all incident cancers. It is important to identify individuals having these disorders because, unlike patients with sporadic cancer, these patients require specialised life-long care, with implications for their families. Importantly, the identification of alterations in cancer-predisposing genes facilitates gene-informed molecular diagnosis, cancer risk assessment and gene-specific clinical management. Moreover, knowledge about gene function in the inherited cancers offers insights towards biological processes pertinent to the more common sporadic cancers. Conversely, without a known gene, clinical management is less precise, and it is impossible to offer predictive testing of family members. PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is an umbrella term encompassing four overgrowth and cancer predisposition disorders associated with germline PTEN mutations. With time, it became evident that only a finite subset of individuals with PHTS-associated phenotypes harbour germline PTEN mutations. Therefore, non-PTEN aetiologies exist in PTEN wildtype patients. Indeed, gene discovery efforts over the last decade elucidated multiple candidate cancer predisposition genes. While a subset of genes (e.g. AKT1, PIK3CA) are biologically plausible as being key effectors within the PTEN signalling cascade, other genes required meticulous functional interrogation to explain their contribution to PHTS-related phenotypes. Collectively, the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the clinical syndromes typically united by PTEN is reflected by the genetic heterogeneity revealed through gene discovery. Validating these gene discoveries is critical because, while PTEN wildtype patients can be diagnosed clinically, they do not have the benefit of specific gene-informed risk assessment and subsequent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Razavi SA, Salehipour P, Gholami H, Sheikholeslami S, Zarif-Yeganeh M, Yaghmaei P, Modarressi MH, Hedayati M. New evidence on tumor suppressor activity of PTEN and KLLN in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153586. [PMID: 34425332 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to address the hypothesis that the expression of PTEN and KLLN tumor suppressor genes could diminish in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) compared to paired normal tissue (PNT) and multinodular goiter (MNG). PTEN and KLLN expressions were assessed at both mRNA and protein levels in 82 tissue samples, including 30 PTC, 30 PNT, and 26 MNG using SYBR-Green Real-Time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Bioinformatics studies were performed to evaluate the genomic location and the genes promoter region. The mRNA expression of PTEN and KLLN in PTC was significantly lower than PNT (PTEN, P = 0.0033; KLLN, P = 0.0005). A significant decrease in the mRNA level of KLLN was also observed in PTC than MNG (P = 0.0304). Decreased level of PTEN mRNA (odds ratio=0.391; P = 0.013) or KLLN mRNA (odds ratio=0.023; P = 0.025) was associated with an increased risk of PTC tumorigenesis. Areas under the ROC curve for PTEN and KLLN were 0.69 and 0.78, respectively. PTEN and KLLN protein expressions in PTC compared to PNT or MNG were not significantly different. The bioinformatics studies revealed the sequence near the promoter region is lowly conserved across species. Four GC boxes were found upstream of the PTEN transcription start site (TSS), and one TATA box and one GC box were found upstream of KLLN TSS. The results suggest PTEN and KLLN are the two tumor suppressor genes that decreasing or loss of both of them occurs in sporadic PTC tumorigenesis. It appears they could have a promising application in both diagnostic and therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adeleh Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Salehipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Gholami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Sankunny M, Eng C. Identification of nuclear export signal in KLLN suggests potential role in proteasomal degradation in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4625-4636. [PMID: 33400740 PMCID: PMC7747863 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline and somatic promoter hypermethylation of KLLN has been found in diverse heritable and sporadic cancers, respectively. KLLN has many identified tumor suppressor functions, and when first reported, was thought to be exclusively nuclear. Here, we report on KLLN localization in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and the identification of a putative nuclear export signal (NES) sequence. KLLN overexpression in colon and breast cancer cells showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic presence. Inhibition of the CRM1 export pathway increased nuclear sequestration of KLLN, confirming the prediction of an NES sequence. Point mutations introduced in the predicted NES sequence decreased the strength of the NES and increased the nuclear sequestration of KLLN. Contrary to expectations, the transcription regulation and cellular proliferation functions of KLLN were unaffected by increased KLLN nuclear sequestration. Instead, increased nuclear KLLN correlated with increased nuclear sequestration of TRIM25 and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of MDM2. Computational analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed positive correlation among KLLN, TRIM25 and MDM2 expression; pathway analysis of the common genes downstream of these three genes revealed protein degradation as one of the top canonical pathways. Together, our observations suggest that CRM1 pathway-based nuclear export of KLLN may impact proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sankunny
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Germline High Risk Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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10
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Celardo I, Melino G, Amelio I. Commensal microbes and p53 in cancer progression. Biol Direct 2020; 15:25. [PMID: 33213502 PMCID: PMC7678320 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aetiogenesis of cancer has not been fully determined. Recent advances have clearly defined a role for microenvironmental factors in cancer progression and initiation; in this context, microbiome has recently emerged with a number of reported correlative and causative links implicating alterations of commensal microbes in tumorigenesis. Bacteria appear to have the potential to directly alter physiological pathways of host cells and in specific circumstances, such as the mutation of the tumour suppressive factor p53, they can also directly switch the function of a gene from oncosuppressive to oncogenic. In this minireview, we report a number of examples on how commensal microbes alter the host cell biology, affecting the oncogenic process. We then discuss more in detail how interaction with the gut microbiome can affect the function of p53 mutant in the intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Celardo
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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11
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Buckley N, Panatta E, Morone N, Noguchi M, Scorrano L, Knight RA, Amelio I, Melino G. P73 C-terminus is dispensable for multiciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1833-1845. [PMID: 32584647 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1783055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family transcriptional factor p73 plays a pivotal role in development. Ablation of p73 results in severe neurodevelopmental defects, chronic infections, inflammation and infertility. In addition to this, Trp73-\- mice display severe alteration in the ciliated epithelial lining and the full-length N-terminal isoform TAp73 has been implicated in the control of multiciliogenesis transcriptional program. With our recently generated Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mouse model, we interrogate the physiological role of p73 C-terminal isoforms in vivo. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice lack exon 13 in Trp73 gene, producing an ectopic switch from the C-terminal isoforms p73α to p73β. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice show a pattern of expression of TAp73 comparable to the wild-type littermates, indicating that the α to β switch does not significantly alter the expression of the gene in this cell type. Moreover, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 do not display any significant alteration in the airway ciliated epithelium, suggesting that in this context p73β can fully substitute the function of the longer isoform p73α. Similarly, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 ciliated epithelium of the brain ependyma also does appear defective. In this district however expression of TAp73 is not detectable, indicating that expression of the gene might be compensated by alternative mechanisms. Overall our work indicates that C-terminus p73 is dispensable for the multiciliogenesis program and suggests a possible tissue-specific effect of p73 alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Buckley
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Amelio I, Melino G. Context is everything: extrinsic signalling and gain-of-function p53 mutants. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32218993 PMCID: PMC7090043 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 genomic locus is a target of mutational events in at least half of cancers. Despite several decades of study, a full consensus on the relevance of the acquisition of p53 gain-of-function missense mutants has not been reached. Depending on cancer type, type of mutations and other unidentified factors, the relevance for tumour development and progression of the oncogenic signalling directed by p53 mutants might significantly vary, leading to inconsistent observations that have fuelled a long and fierce debate in the field. Here, we discuss how interaction with the microenvironment and stressors might dictate the gain-of-function effects exerted by individual mutants. We report evidence from the most recent literature in support of the context dependency of p53 mutant biology. This perspective article aims to raise a discussion in the field on the relevance that context might have on p53 gain-of-function mutants, assessing whether this should generally be considered a cell non-autonomous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome ’’Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome ’’Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
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Pitolli C, Wang Y, Mancini M, Shi Y, Melino G, Amelio I. Do Mutations Turn p53 into an Oncogene? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6241. [PMID: 31835684 PMCID: PMC6940991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role of p53 as a tumor suppressor became clear when it was realized that this gene is mutated in 50% of human sporadic cancers, and germline mutations expose carriers to cancer risk throughout their lifespan. Mutations in this gene not only abolish the tumor suppressive functions of p53, but also equip the protein with new pro-oncogenic functions. Here, we review the mechanisms by which these new functions gained by p53 mutants promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.M.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Pathology Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PQ, UK
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 100012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mara Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.M.); (G.M.)
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 100012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.M.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Pathology Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PQ, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.M.); (G.M.)
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Pathology Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PQ, UK
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Chen R, Wang M, Fu S, Cao F, Duan P, Lu J. MicroRNA-204 may participate in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy through targeting KLLN. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3299-3306. [PMID: 31602202 PMCID: PMC6777329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common neonatal disease that can lead to high neonatal mortality rates. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIE; however, the specific mechanisms underlying their involvement require further investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of miR-204 and its target gene killin p53 regulated DNA replication inhibitor (KLLN) in HIE using rat HIE models. Brain injury was induced by surgery and incubation of hypoxic incubator brain using 10-day-old pup rats. On day 3, rats were sacrificed, and the infarct size of the brain was determined using a tetrazolium chloride assay. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick-end labeling staining was performed to detect the cell death rate in the brain tissue. Following this, the brain tissues were collected, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to examine the expression levels of miR-204 and KLLN. Furthermore, neurons were cultured and transfected with miR-204 inhibitors or mimics, and the effect of miR-204 on the proliferation and apoptosis of neurons was examined using MTT and flow cytometric assays. Finally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm whether KLLN is a direct target of miR-204. The expression of miR-204 was significantly downregulated and the expression of KLLN was significantly increased in the brain tissue of HIE rats (P<0.001). In addition, the transfection with miR-204 inhibitors significantly decreased the proliferation rates and significantly increased the apoptosis rate of neurons; however, transfection with miR-204 mimics prompted the opposite results. The dual-luciferase reporter assay also confirmed that KLLN is a direct target of miR-204. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-204 was downregulated in HIE and that miR-204 may serve important roles in the pathogenesis of HIE through targeting KLLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Shaopin Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Pengkai Duan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiefu Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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