1
|
Malek Mohammadi M, Rismanchi H, Esmailzadeh S, Farahani A, Hedayati N, Alimohammadi M, Mafi A, Farahani N, Hushmandi K. The emerging role of circular RNAs in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer: From molecular mechanism to future potential. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1280-1291. [PMID: 39040815 PMCID: PMC11261309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common cause of death in female cancers. The prognosis of OC is very poor due to delayed diagnosis and identification of most patients in advanced stages, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. As chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin (DDP) is the main treatment in most OC cases, resistance to DDP is an important obstacle to achieving satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, knowing the different molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to DDP is necessary to achieve new therapeutic approaches. According to numerous recent studies, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance in many cancers, including OC. Most of these ncRNAs are released by tumor cells into human fluid, allowing them to be used as tools for diagnosis. CircRNAs are ncRNA family members that have a role in the initiation, progression, and chemoresistance regulation of various cancers. In the current study, we investigated the roles of several circRNAs and their signaling pathways on OC progression and also on DDP resistance during chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Esmailzadeh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Farahani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hua M, Chen Y, Jia M, Lv W, Xu Y, Zhang Y. RNA-binding protein THUMPD2 inhibits proliferation and promotes metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33201. [PMID: 39071668 PMCID: PMC11279259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common and lethal gynaecological malignancy. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in governing RNA metabolism and have been implicated in the development and progression of diverse cancer types. Slight alterations in RBPs' expression or activity can induce substantial modifications in the regulatory network. THUMPD2, as member of the RBP family, was found to have differential expression in ovarian cancer, with the mechanism has not been studied yet. In this study, THUMPD2 protein was found to be weakly expressed in the early (I + II) stages of OC (P = 0.013), with a low expression rate of 78.6 %, and highly expressed in late (III + IV) stages (P = 0.009), with a high expression rate of 84.8 %. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of THUMPD2 in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells resulted in increased cell proliferation but inhibited metastasis, whereas THUMPD2 overexpression had the opposite effect. THUMPD2 overexpression suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Conversely, low THUMPD2 expression promoted tumour growth. Furthermore, we identified the potential target genes and pathways of THUMPD2 using GO and KEGG analyses, which were related to the centrosome, microtubules, cell cycle, and extracellular matrix. We demonstrated that low expression of THUMPD2 in the early stage promoted tumour growth and high expression in the late stage promoted tumour metastasis. Our findings reveal the dual function of THUMPD2 in OC and suggest that THUMPD2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Hua
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meiqun Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenxuan Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yunzhao Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan R, Zeng S, Gao F, Li L, Xiao X. CircUBE2D2 regulates HMGB1 through miR-885-5p to promote ovarian cancer malignancy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100391. [PMID: 38848634 PMCID: PMC11214364 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly discovered CircUBE2D2 has been shown to abnormally upregulate and promote cancer progression in a variety of cancers. The present study explored circUBE2D2 (hsa_circ_0005728) in Ovarian Cancer (OC) progression. METHODS CircUBE2D2, miR-885-5p, and HMGB1 were examined by RT-qPCR or WB. SKOV-3 cell functions (including cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion) were validated using the CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The direct relationship between miR-885-5p and circUBE2D2 or HMGB1 was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down analysis. circUBE2D2's role in vivo tumor xenograft experiment was further probed. RESULTS OC tissue and cell lines had higher circUBE2D2 and HMGB1 and lower miR-885-5p. Mechanically, CircUBE2D2 shared a binding relation with miR-885-5p, while miR-885-5p can directly target HMGB1. Eliminating circUBE2D2 or miR-885-5p induction inhibited OC cell activities. However, these functions were relieved by down-regulating miR-885-5p or HMGB1 induction. Furthermore, circUBE2D2 knockout reduced tumor growth. CONCLUSION CircUBE2D2 regulates the expression of HMGB1 by acting as a sponge of ceRNA as miR-885-5p, thereby promoting the control of OC cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Targeting CircUBE2D2 could serve as a new potential treatment strategy for OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RuiXue Yan
- Department of Gynecology I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China.
| | - SaiTian Zeng
- Department of Gynecology I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - FangYuan Gao
- Department of Gynecology I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - LingLing Li
- Department of Gynecology I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - XiYun Xiao
- Department of Gynecology I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Dai J, Torabian P, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala M, Zhu M. Circular RNAs in EMT-driven metastasis regulation: modulation of cancer cell plasticity, tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:214. [PMID: 38733529 PMCID: PMC11088560 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The non-coding RNAs comprise a large part of human genome lack of capacity in encoding functional proteins. Among various members of non-coding RNAs, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been of importance in the pathogenesis of human diseases, especially cancer. The circRNAs have a unique closed loop structure and due to their stability, they are potential diagnostic and prognostic factors in cancer. The increasing evidences have highlighted the role of circRNAs in the modulation of proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. On the other hand, metastasis has been responsible for up to 90% of cancer-related deaths in patients, requiring more investigation regarding the underlying mechanisms modulating this mechanism. EMT enhances metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, and can trigger resistance to therapy. The cells demonstrate dynamic changes during EMT including transformation from epithelial phenotype into mesenchymal phenotype and increase in N-cadherin and vimentin levels. The process of EMT is reversible and its reprogramming can disrupt the progression of tumor cells. The aim of current review is to understanding the interaction of circRNAs and EMT in human cancers and such interaction is beyond the regulation of cancer metastasis and can affect the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The onco-suppressor circRNAs inhibit EMT, while the tumor-promoting circRNAs mediate EMT for acceleration of carcinogenesis. Moreover, the EMT-inducing transcription factors can be controlled by circRNAs in different human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
- Department of General Surgery and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyuan Dai
- School of computer science and information systems, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA.
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Cumming School of Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Minglin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Chen X, Yang Y. CircRNA-regulated glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer: an emerging landscape for therapeutic intervention. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:584-596. [PMID: 37578652 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among female reproductive system tumours, with limited efficacy of traditional treatments and 5-year survival rates that rarely exceed 40%. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a stable endogenous circular RNA that typically regulates protein expression by binding to downstream miRNA. It has been demonstrated that circRNAs play an important role in the proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism (such as the Warburg effect) of OC and can regulate the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins such as GLUT1 and HK2, promoting anaerobic glycolysis of cancer cells, increasing glucose uptake and ATP production, and affecting energy supply and biosynthetic substances to support tumour growth and invasion. This review summarises the formation and characteristics of circRNAs and focuses on their role in regulating glucose metabolism in OC cells and their potential therapeutic value, providing insights for identifying new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chi Z, Wang Q, Tong L, Qiu J, Yang F, Guo Q, Li W, Zheng J, Chen Z. Silencing geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibits the migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through RhoA/ROCK1/MLC signaling and suppresses proliferation through cell cycle regulation. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:174-189. [PMID: 37853939 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) significantly affects Rho proteins, such that the malignant progression of several cancers may be induced. Nevertheless, the effect and underlying mechanism of GGTase-I in the malignant progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) remain unclear. This study primarily aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GGTase-I in mediating the malignant progression of SACC. The level of GGTase-I gene in cells was stably knocked down by short hairpin RNA-EGFP-lentivirus. The effects of GGTase-I silencing on the migration, invasion, and spread of cells were examined, the messenger RNA levels of GGTase-I and RhoA genes of SACC cells after GGTase-I knockdown were determined, and the protein levels of RhoA and RhoA membrane of SACC cells were analyzed. Moreover, the potential underlying mechanism of silencing GGTase-I on the above-mentioned aspects in SACC cells was assessed by examining the protein expression of ROCK1, MLC, p-MLC, E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of SACC cells proliferation was investigated through the analysis of the expression of cyclinD1, MYC, E2F1, and p21CIP1/WAF1 . Besides, the change of RhoA level in SACC tissues compared with normal paracancer tissues was demonstrated through quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot experiments. Next, the effect after GGTase-I silencing was assessed through the subcutaneous tumorigenicity assay. As indicated by the result of this study, the silencing of GGTase-I significantly reduced the malignant progression of tumors in vivo while decreasing the migration, invasion, and proliferation of SACC cells and RhoA membrane, Vimentin, ROCK1, p-MLC, MMP2, MMP9, MYC, E2F1, and CyclinD1 expression. However, the protein expression of E-cadherin and p21CIP1/WAF1 was notably upregulated. Subsequently, no significant transform of RhoA and MLC proteins was identified. Furthermore, RhoA expression in SACC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues. As revealed by the results of this study, GGTase-I shows a correlation with the proliferation of SACC through the regulation of cell cycle and may take on vital significance in the migration and invasion of SACC by regulating RhoA/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. GGTase-I is expected to serve as a novel exploration site of SACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Chi
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Qimin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwon MJ. Role of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:331. [PMID: 38110955 PMCID: PMC10729575 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As aberrant alternative splicing by either dysregulation or mutations of splicing factors contributes to cancer initiation and progression, splicing factors are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, pharmacological modulators targeting splicing factors have been under development. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is an epithelial cell-specific splicing factor, whose downregulation is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating alternative splicing of multiple genes, such as CD44, CTNND1, ENAH, and FGFR2. Consistent with the downregulation of ESRP1 during EMT, it has been initially revealed that high ESRP1 expression is associated with favorable prognosis and ESRP1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in cancer progression. However, ESRP1 has been found to promote cancer progression in some cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancers, indicating that it plays a dual role in cancer progression depending on the type of cancer. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that ESRP1 affects tumor growth by regulating the metabolism of tumor cells or immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting the novel roles of ESRP1 in addition to EMT. ESRP1 expression was also associated with response to anticancer drugs. This review describes current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of ESRP1 in cancer progression, and further discusses the emerging novel roles of ESRP1 in cancer and recent attempts to target splicing factors for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kwon
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan M, Zhang X, Yue F, Zhang F, Jiang S, Zhou X, Lv J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Chen Z, Wu H, Liu X, Yu X, Wei B, Jiang K, Lin F, Zuo Y, Ren S. CircNOLC1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis by Interacting with AZGP1 and Sponging miR-212-5p to Regulate Reprogramming of the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205229. [PMID: 37870214 PMCID: PMC10667818 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a common cause of death in progressive colorectal cancer patients, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, it is reported that a conserved and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway-associated circular RNA, circNOLC1, plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. It is found that circNOLC1 silencing reduces the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway-related intermediate metabolites and elevates NADP+ /NADPH ratio and intracellular ROS levels, thereby attenuating colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and liver metastasis. circNOLC1 interacting with AZGP1 to activate mTOR/SREBP1 signaling, or sponging miR-212-5p to upregulate c-Met expression, both of which can further induce G6PD to activate oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Moreover, circNOLC1 is regulated by the transcription factor YY1 and specifically stabilized HuR induces its parental gene mRNA expression. The associations between circNOLC1 and these signaling molecules are validated in primary CRC and corresponding liver metastasis tissues. These findings reveal that circNOLC1 interacting with AZGP1 and circNOLC1/miR-212-5p/c-Met axis plays a key role in oxidative pentose phosphate pathway-mediated colorectal cancer liver metastasis, which may provide a novel target for precision medicine of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglang Yuan
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University116023DalianChina
- Department of OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21287USA
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University116023DalianChina
| | - Fangxia Yue
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Feifan Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University116023DalianChina
| | - Sufen Jiang
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Jinjuan Lv
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Yuzhu Sun
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University116023DalianChina
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Bowen Wei
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Yunfei Zuo
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineDalian Medical University116044DalianChina
| | - Shuangyi Ren
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University116023DalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhai F, Wang J, Luo X, Ye M, Jin X. Roles of NOLC1 in cancers and viral infection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10593-10608. [PMID: 37296317 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleolus is considered the center of metabolic control and an important organelle for the biogenesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1(NOLC1), which was originally identified as a nuclear localization signal-binding protein is a nucleolar protein responsible for nucleolus construction and rRNA synthesis, as well as chaperone shuttling between the nucleolus and cytoplasm. NOLC1 plays an important role in a variety of cellular life activities, including ribosome biosynthesis, DNA replication, transcription regulation, RNA processing, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell regeneration. PURPOSE In this review, we introduce the structure and function of NOLC1. Then we elaborate its upstream post-translational modification and downstream regulation. Meanwhile, we describe its role in cancer development and viral infection which provide a direction for future clinical applications. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article. CONCLUSION NOLC1 plays an important role in the progression of multiple cancers and viral infection. In-depth study of NOLC1 provides a new perspective for accurate diagnosis of patients and selection of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- The Affiliated First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- The Affiliated First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- The Affiliated First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- The Affiliated First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Y, Fan Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Tucker K, Staley A, Suo H, Sun W, Shen X, Deng B, Pierce SR, West L, Yin Y, Emanuele MJ, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. Inhibition of CDK1 by RO-3306 Exhibits Anti-Tumorigenic Effects in Ovarian Cancer Cells and a Transgenic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12375. [PMID: 37569750 PMCID: PMC10418904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy of the reproductive organs in the United States. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is an important cell cycle regulatory protein that specifically controls the G2/M phase transition of the cell cycle. RO-3306 is a selective, ATP-competitive, and cell-permeable CDK1 inhibitor that shows potent anti-tumor activity in multiple pre-clinical models. In this study, we investigated the effect of CDK1 expression on the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer and the anti-tumorigenic effect of RO-3306 in both ovarian cancer cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (KpB model). In 147 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, the overexpression of CDK1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis compared with a low expression group. RO-3306 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced apoptosis, caused cellular stress, and reduced cell migration. The treatment of KpB mice with RO-3306 for four weeks showed a significant decrease in tumor weight under obese and lean conditions without obvious side effects. Overall, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of CDK1 activity by RO-3306 effectively reduces cell proliferation and tumor growth, providing biological evidence for future clinical trials of CDK1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yali Fan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Allison Staley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hongyan Suo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Boer Deng
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Stuart R. Pierce
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lindsay West
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (H.S.); (W.S.); (X.S.); (B.D.); (S.R.P.); (L.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Insight on Non-Coding RNAs from Biofluids in Ovarian Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051539. [PMID: 36900328 PMCID: PMC10001105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tumors are the most frequent adnexal mass, raising diagnostic and therapeutic issues linked to a large spectrum of tumors, with a continuum from benign to malignant. Thus far, none of the available diagnostic tools have proven efficient in deciding strategy, and no consensus exists on the best strategy between "single test", "dual testing", "sequential testing", "multiple testing options" and "no testing". In addition, there is a need for prognostic tools such as biological markers of recurrence and theragnostic tools to detect women not responding to chemotherapy in order to adapt therapies. Non-coding RNAs are classified as small or long based on their nucleotide count. Non-coding RNAs have multiple biological functions such as a role in tumorigenesis, gene regulation and genome protection. These ncRNAs emerge as new potential tools to differentiate benign from malignant tumors and to evaluate prognostic and theragnostic factors. In the specific setting of ovarian tumors, the goal of the present work is to offer an insight into the contribution of biofluid non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) expression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Elmizadeh K, Homaei A, Bahadoran E, Abbasi F, Moghbelinejad S. Has_circ_0008285/miR-211-5p/SIRT-1 Axis Suppress Ovarian Cancer Cells Progression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2023; 12:401-422. [PMID: 39006198 PMCID: PMC11240052 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.12.4.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The significant functional role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the progression of malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer, has been shown in various studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the abnormal expression of hsa_circ_0008285 and its role in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0008285 and some target genes in ovarian cancer tissues and related cell lines. To determine the functional roles of hsa_circ_0008285 in ovarian cancer, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell invasion assays were performed. Bioinformatics (Target scan, circ intractome) and luciferase reporter analyses were used to predict target genes. Results: In the present study, we first found that hsa_circ_0008285 was up regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and related cell lines. Bioinformatics, experimental data, and luciferase reporter analysis data showed miR-211-5p is a direct target of hsa_circ_0008285, while SIRT-1 is a direct target of miR-211-5p. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0008285 in cancer cells increased the expression of SIRT-1 and progression of cancer cells. Based on these results, inhibition of hsa_circ_0008285 expression could cause upregulation of miR-211-5p and down regulation of SIRT-1 and inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that hsa_circ_0008285 suppressed ovarian cancer progression by regulating miR-211-5p expression to inhibit SIRT-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Elmizadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Homaei
- Surgery Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Abbasi
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sahar Moghbelinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Commun-icable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ning L, Lang J, Long B, Wu L. Diagnostic value of circN4BP2L2 in type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1210. [PMID: 36434559 PMCID: PMC9694909 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CircN4BP2L2 was previously identified to be significantly decreased in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and was associated with disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma circN4BP2L2 using the unifying model of type I and type II EOC. METHODS A total of 540 plasma samples were obtained from 180 EOC patients, 180 benign ovarian cyst patients, and 180 healthy volunteers. CircN4BP2L2 was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver operating curve (ROC), the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were estimated. RESULTS Low level of circN4BP2L2 was associated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.01) in type I EOC. Decreased circN4BP2L2 was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p = 0.04) in type II EOC. The expression level of circN4BP2L2 in type I was similar to that in type II. CircN4BP2L2 could significantly separate type I or type II from benign or normal cohort (p < 0.01). Early-stage type I or type II EOC vs. benign or normal cohort could also be distinguished by circN4BP2L2 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION CircN4BP2L2 might serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for both type I and type II EOC. The diagnostic safety for circN4BP2L2 in early-stage type I or type II EOC is also acceptable. Further large-scale well-designed studies are warranted to investigate whether circN4BP2L2 is specific for all histologic subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of gynecologic oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Bo Long
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of gynecologic oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Circular RNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225711. [PMID: 36428803 PMCID: PMC9688053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer, and more than 70% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite the application of surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor due to the high relapse rate. It is urgent to identify novel biomarkers and develop novel therapeutic strategies for EOC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs generated from the "back-splicing" of precursor mRNA. CircRNAs exert their functions via several mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges, interacting with proteins, regulating transcription, and encoding functional proteins. Recent studies have identified many circRNAs that are dysregulated in EOC and may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Increasing evidence has revealed that circRNAs play a critical role in ovarian cancer progression by regulating various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemosensitivity. The circRNA-based therapy may be a novel strategy that is worth exploring in the future. Here, we provide an overview of EOC and circRNA biogenesis and functions. We then discuss the dysregulations of circRNAs in EOC and the possibility of using them as diagnostic/prognostic markers. We also summarize the role of circRNAs in regulating ovarian cancer development and speculate their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
15
|
Underlying mechanisms of epithelial splicing regulatory proteins in cancer progression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1539-1556. [PMID: 36163376 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second-leading disease-related cause of global mortality after cardiovascular disease. Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutic strategies, cancer remains one of the major obstacles to human life extension. Cancer pathogenesis is extremely complicated and not fully understood. Epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs), including ESRP1 and ESRP2, belong to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family of RNA-binding proteins and are crucial regulators of the alternative splicing of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The expression and activity of ESRPs are modulated by various mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that ESRP dysregulation is closely associated with cancer progression, the detailed mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the structures, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of ESRPs and focus on their underlying mechanisms in cancer progression. We also highlight the clinical implications of ESRPs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. The information reviewed herein could be extremely beneficial to the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Xing Y, Liang X, Lv X, Cheng Y, Du J, Liu C, Yang Y. New insights into the role of circular RNAs in ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154073. [PMID: 36007396 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most aggressive tumors in women and has a poor prognosis and the highest mortality rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non-coding RNAs that have recently attracted interest in cancer research. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs play an oncogenic or suppressive role in tumorigenesis and progression, and show tissue- or developmental-stage-specific expression. Due to high stability, conservation, abundance, and specificity, circRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Herein, we have summarized the expression profiles of circRNAs in OC tissues, serums, and cell lines. Moreover, we discuss how circRNAs participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes in OC, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, immune response, and chemotherapy resistance, by sponging microRNAs and interacting with proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Xing
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Yuemei Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Junhong Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Najafi S. The emerging roles and potential applications of circular RNAs in ovarian cancer: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2211-2234. [PMID: 36053324 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most common human malignancies and the first cause of deaths among gynecologic cancers. Early diagnosis can help improving prognosis in those patients, and accordingly exploring novel molecular mechanisms may lead to find therapeutic targets. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a group of non-coding RNAs in multicellular organisms, which are identified with characteristic circular structure. CircRNAs have been found with substantial functions in regulating gene expression through interacting with RNA-binding proteins, targeting microRNAs, and transcriptional regulation. They have been found to be involved in regulating several critical processes such as cell growth, and death, organ development, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, circRNAs have been implicated in a number of human diseases including malignancies. They are particularly reported to contribute to several hallmarks of cancer leading to cancer development and progression, although a number also are described with tumor-suppressor function. In OC, circRNAs are linked to regulation of cell growth, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. Notably, clinical studies also have shown potentials in diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and therapeutic targets for OC. In this review, I have an overview to the putative mechanisms, and functions of circRNAs in regulating OC pathogenesis in addition to their clinical potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Circular RNA circPBX3 promotes cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells via interacting with IGF2BP2 to stabilize ATP7A mRNA expression. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1560-1576. [PMID: 35907138 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a unique covalently closed loop structure. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of circRNAs acts a role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance via interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Herein, we identified circPBX3 to be involved in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer. In our study, two cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were established, and transcriptome RNA-sequencing was performed and circPBX3 was identified as significantly upregulated circRNA in these cells. The characteristics of circPBX3 and potential function of circPBX3 were evaluated. We found that circPBX3 was upregulated in ovarian tumor tissues and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. CircPBX3 overexpression increased the half maximal inhibitory rate (IC50) of cisplatin, promoted colony formation and tumor xenografts growth, and reduced cell apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells under cisplatin treatment, while silencing circPBX3 showed opposite effects. Furthermore, circPBX3 could interact with the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2, thus increased the stability of ATP7A mRNA and elevated ATP7A protein level. In addition, silencing ATP7A in ovarian cancer cells abrogated the effect of circPBX3 overexpression on cisplatin tolerance. Our findings provided a novel role of circPBX3 in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Soares NC, Ali A, Srinivasulu V, Sharaf BM, Giddey AD, Okendo J, Al-Hroub HM, Semreen MH, Hamad M, Al-Tel TH. Unveiling the mechanism of action of nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds using a multi-omics approach. J Proteomics 2022; 265:104660. [PMID: 35728772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 2020 global cancer registry has ranked breast cancer (BCa) as the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Increasing resistance and significant side effects continue to limit the efficacy of anti-BCa drugs, hence the need to identify new drug targets and to develop novel compounds to overcome these limitations. Nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds are becoming increasingly popular since they often provide a relatively safe and effective alternative. In this study, we employed multi-omics techniques to gain insights into the relevant mechanism of action of two recently identified new nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds (SIMR3066 and SIMR3058). Discovery proteomics analysis combined with LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on compound-treated vs DMSO-treated (control) MCF-7 cells. Downstream protein functional enrichment analysis showed that most of the responsive proteins were functionally associated with antigen processing and neutrophil degranulation, RNA catabolism and protein folding as well as cytoplasmic vesicle lumen and mitochondrial matrix formation. Consistent with the proteomics findings, metabolomic pathway analysis suggested that the differentially abundant compounds indicated altered metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, metabolomics-based enriched-for-action pathway analysis showed that the two compounds associate with mercaptopurine, thioguanine and azathioprine related pathways. Lastly, integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that treatment of BCa with SIMR3066 disrupts several signaling pathways including p53-mediated apoptosis and the circadian entertainment pathway. Overall, the multi-omics approach we used in this study indicated that it is a powerful tool in probing the mechanism of action of lead drug candidates. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study we adopted a multi-omics (proteomics and metabolomics) strategy to learn more about the molecular mechanisms of action of nature-inspired potential anticancer drugs. Following treatment with SIMR3066 or SIMR3058, the integration of these multi-omics data sets revealed which biological pathways are altered in BCa cells. This study demonstrates that combining proteomics with metabolomics is a powerful method to investigate the mechanism of action of potential anticancer lead drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma M Sharaf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D Giddey
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javan Okendo
- Systems and Chemical Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang H, Zhang X, Qiao L, Wang H. CircRNA circ_0000554 promotes ovarian cancer invasion and proliferation by regulating miR-567. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19072-19080. [PMID: 34709546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) indicated potential modulating effects in tumor development. However, the specific role of circ_0000554 in ovarian tumor remains unknown. We found that circ_0000554 was overexpressed in ovarian tumor specimens and cells. Forced expression of circ_0000554 promoted cell growth, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We illustrated that miR-567 was downregulated in ovarian tumor specimens and cells. circ_0000554 was negatively correlated with miR-567 in ovarian tumor specimens. circ_0000554 sponged miR-567 expression in ovarian tumor. RIP assay showed that elevated expression of miR-567 could be enriched with circ_0000554. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that luciferase intensity was inhibited after treated with miR-567 mimic; however, the luciferase value of mut type was not decreased. Elevated expression of circ_0000554 suppressed miR-567 expression in HO8910 cell. circ_0000554 promoted ovarian tumor cell growth, invasion, and EMT via sponging miR-567. It suggested that circ_0000554 represent a potential therapy target for ovarian tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 57000, Shandong, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, China
| | - Lujun Qiao
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu J, Wu Y, Guo Q, Wang S, Wu X. RNA-binding proteins in ovarian cancer: a novel avenue of their roles in diagnosis and treatment. J Transl Med 2022; 20:37. [PMID: 35062979 PMCID: PMC8783520 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), an important cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, is one of the most malignant cancers and is characterized by a poor prognosis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), a class of endogenous proteins that can bind to mRNAs and modify (or even determine) the amount of protein they can generate, have attracted great attention in the context of various diseases, especially cancers. Compelling studies have suggested that RBPs are aberrantly expressed in different cancer tissues and cell types, including OC tissues and cells. More specifically, RBPs can regulate proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity and serve as potential therapeutic targets in OC. Herein, we summarize what is currently known about the biogenesis, molecular functions and potential roles of human RBPs in OC and their prospects for application in the clinical treatment of OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinhao Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu YP, Heng JY, Zhao XY, Li EY. The inhibition of circular RNA circNOLC1 by propofol/STAT3 attenuates breast cancer stem cells function via miR-365a-3p/STAT3 signaling. J Transl Med 2021; 19:467. [PMID: 34789263 PMCID: PMC8596799 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer remains one of the most dreadful female malignancies globally, in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial functions. Circular RNAs have drawn great attention in cancer research area and propofol is a widely applied intravenous anesthetic agent. Methods: In the current study, we explored the function of circular RNA nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (circNOLC1) in CSCs of breast cancer and the inhibitory impact of propofol on circNOLC1. Results The expression of circNOLC1 was induced in breast cancer tissues compared with the non-tumor tissues. The silencing of circNOLC1 was able to repress the viability of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, the numbers of colony formation were suppressed by circNOLC1 knockdown in breast cancer cells. The inhibition of circNOLC1 reduced the invasion and migration ability of breast cancer cells. The mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin were enhanced but Vimentin levels were reduced by the silencing of circNOLC1. The repression of circNOLC1 decreased the side population (SP) ratio in breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, the sphere formation ability of breast cancer cells was attenuated by the silencing of circNOLC1. The levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), c-Myc, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1), and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) were repressed by the depletion of circNOLC1 in the cells. Regarding to the mechanism, circNOLC1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for microRNA-365a-3p (miR-365a-3p) and the inhibition of miR-365a-3p rescued circNOLC1 depletion-repressed proliferation and cancer stem cell activity of breast cancer. MiR-365a-3p targeted signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells and circNOLC1 enhanced STAT3 expression by sponging miR-365a-3p. The overexpression of STAT3 could reverse miR-365a-3p or circNOLC1 depletion-inhibited proliferation and cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer. Interestingly, the expression of circNOLC1 and STAT3 was repressed by the treatment of propofol. The enrichment of STAT3 on circNOLC1 promoter was inhibited by propofol. The expression of circNOLC1 was suppressed by the silencing of STAT3 in the cells. The inhibition of circNOLC1 expression by propofol was rescued under the co-treatment of STAT3 overexpression. The overexpression of circNOLC1 rescued propofol-attenuated proliferation and cancer stem cell functions in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Thus, we concluded that circNOLC1 contributes to CSCs properties and progression of breast cancer by targeting miR-365a-3p /STAT3 axis and propofol inhibited circNOLC1 by repressing STAT3 in a feedback mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Yu Heng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - En-You Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foruzandeh Z, Zeinali-Sehrig F, Nejati K, Rahmanpour D, Pashazadeh F, Seif F, Alivand MR. CircRNAs as potent biomarkers in ovarian cancer: a systematic scoping review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:41. [PMID: 34556024 PMCID: PMC8461915 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More powerful prognostic and diagnostic tools are urgently needed for identifying and treating ovarian cancer (OC), which is the most fatal malignancy in women in developed countries. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are conservative and stable looped molecules that can regulate gene expression by competing with other endogenous microRNA sponges. This discovery provided new insight into novel methods for regulating genes that are involved in many disorders and cancers. This review focuses on the dysregulated expression of circRNAs as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values in OC. We found that studies have identified twenty-one downregulated circRNAs and fifty-seven upregulated ones. The results of these studies confirm that circRNAs might be potent biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target value for OC. We also consider the connection between circRNAs and OC cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Foruzandeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali-Sehrig
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Nejati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|