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Chen Y, Ye Z, Chen H, Li Z. Breaking Barriers: Nanomedicine-Based Drug Delivery for Cataract Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4021-4040. [PMID: 38736657 PMCID: PMC11086653 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataract is a leading cause of blindness globally, and its surgical treatment poses a significant burden on global healthcare. Pharmacologic therapies, including antioxidants and protein aggregation reversal agents, have attracted great attention in the treatment of cataracts in recent years. Due to the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye, the effectiveness of traditional eye drops for delivering drugs topically to the lens is hindered. The advancements in nanomedicine present novel and promising strategies for addressing challenges in drug delivery to the lens, including the development of nanoparticle formulations that can improve drug penetration into the anterior segment and enable sustained release of medications. This review introduces various cutting-edge drug delivery systems for cataract treatment, highlighting their physicochemical properties and surface engineering for optimal design, thus providing impetus for further innovative research and potential clinical applications of anti-cataract drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Xiu C, Hu Y, Wang J, Lei Y, Yang J. Ginseng-Sanqi-Chuanxiong (GSC) extracts attenuate d-galactose-induced vascular aging in mice via inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells senescence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25253. [PMID: 38404901 PMCID: PMC10884806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is an independent risk factor for age-related diseases and a specific type of organic aging. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a type of bone marrow stem cell, has been linked to vascular aging. The purpose of this study is to investigate if Ginseng-Sanqi-Chuanxiong (GSC) extract, a traditional Chinese medicine, can delay aortic aging in mice by enhancing the performance and aging of EPCs in vivo and to analyze the potential mechanisms through a d-Galactose (D-gal)-induced vascular aging model in mice. Our study revealed that GSC extracts not only enhanced the aortic structure, endothelial function, oxidative stress levels, and aging in mice, but also enhanced the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and secretion of EPCs in vivo, while reducing the expression of p53, p21, and p16. To conclude, GSC can delay vascular senescence by enhancing the function and aging of EPCs, which could be linked to a decrease in p16 and p53/p21 signaling. Consequently, utilizing GSC extracts to enhance the function and senescence of autologous EPCs may present a novel avenue for enhancing autologous stem cells in alleviating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Liu
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengkui Xiu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fu Y, Wu R, Dong S, Chen J, Zhou N. Metformin protects human lens epithelial cells from high glucose-induced senescence and autophagy inhibition by upregulating SIRT1. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:477-485. [PMID: 37644328 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to explore whether metformin (MET) protects the human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from high glucose-induced senescence and to identify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A cellular senescence model was established by treating HLE-B3 cells with D-glucose and then intervened with MET. Concentrations of high glucose (HG) and MET were detected using CCK-8 and western blot. qRT-PCR, western blot, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) were performed to verify the protective effect of MET on senescent HLE-B3 cells. Additionally, western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to detect the effects of MET on autophagy-related markers p62 and LC3, as well as SIRT1. RESULTS In vitro, we observed apparent senescence in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) under high glucose conditions. This was characterized by increased senescence-associated genes p21 and p53. However, the addition of MET significantly reduced the occurrence of HLECs senescence. We also observed that high glucose inhibited both autophagy and SIRT1, which could be restored by MET. Moreover, we verified that the anti-senescence effect of MET was mediated by SIRT1 using SIRT1 activators and inhibitors. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that autophagy and SIRT1 activity are inhibited in HLE-B3 cells using the HG induced senescence model. Furthermore, our results showed that MET can delay senescence by activating SIRT1 and autophagy. These findings suggest that MET may be a promising candidate for alleviating cataract development and provide a direction for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ruitong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Wang L, Lou W, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Jin H. HO-1-Mediated Autophagic Restoration Protects Lens Epithelial Cells Against Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 38051262 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress and cellular senescence are risk factors for age-related cataract. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a critical antioxidant enzyme and related to autophagy. Here, we investigate the crosstalk among HO-1, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence in mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs). Methods The gene expression of HO-1, p21, LC3, and p62 was measured in human samples. The protective properties of HO-1 were examined in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged LECs. Autophagic flux was examined by Western blot and mRFP-GFP-LC3 assay. Western blotting and lysotracker staining were used to analyze lysosomal function. Flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species and analyze cell cycle. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was used to determine cellular senescence. The crosstalk between HO-1 and transcription factor EB (TFEB) was further observed in TFEB-knockdown cells. The TFEB binding site in the promoter region of Hmox1 was predicted by the Jasper website and was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results HO-1 gene expression decreased in LECs of patients with age-related nuclear cataract, whereas mRNA expression levels of p21, LC3, and p62 increased. Upon H2O2-induced oxidative stress, LECs showed the characteristics of autophagic flux blockade, lysosomal dysfunction, and premature senescence. Interestingly, HO-1 significantly restored the impaired autophagic flux and lysosomal function and delayed cellular senescence. TFEB gene silencing greatly reduced the HO-1-mediated autophagic restoration, leading to a failure to prevent LECs from oxidative stress and premature senescence. Conclusions We demonstrated HO-1 effects on restoring autophagic flux and delaying cellular senescence under oxidative stress in LECs, which are dependent on TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Kong D, Liu Y, Li L, Wang H, Li K, Zheng G. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110684. [PMID: 37648051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid species and iron overload. Damage to human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with age-related cataract progression. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with natural antioxidant properties, counteracts ferroptosis in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, this mechanism has not been reported with respect to cataract treatment. In this study, the differential expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lens of young and aged mice were analysed. Continuous ATX supplementation for 8 months upregulated GPX4 expression in the mouse LECs and delayed the progression of ferroptosis. Upon treatment with erastin, ROS and malondialdehyde accumulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. At the same time, the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin were suppressed in human LECs. All of these phenomena were partially reversed by ATX and Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. This study confirmed that the ATX-mediated targeting of GPX4 might alleviate human LECs damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress and that this could represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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Abdelgawad IY, Agostinucci K, Sadaf B, Grant MKO, Zordoky BN. Metformin mitigates SASP secretion and LPS-triggered hyper-inflammation in Doxorubicin-induced senescent endothelial cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1170434. [PMID: 37168843 PMCID: PMC10164964 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1170434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapeutic drug, induces senescence and increases the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in endothelial cells (ECs), which contributes to DOX-induced inflammaging. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, demonstrates senomorphic effects on different models of senescence. However, the effects of metformin on DOX-induced endothelial senescence have not been reported before. Senescent ECs exhibit a hyper-inflammatory response to lipopolysachharide (LPS). Therefore, in our current work, we identified the effects of metformin on DOX-induced endothelial senescence and LPS-induced hyper-inflammation in senescent ECs. Methods: ECs were treated with DOX ± metformin for 24 h followed by 72 h incubation without DOX to establish senescence. Effects of metformin on senescence markers expression, SA-β-gal activity, and SASP secretion were assessed. To delineate the molecular mechanisms, the effects of metformin on major signaling pathways were determined. The effect of LPS ± metformin was determined by stimulating both senescent and non-senescent ECs with LPS for an additional 24 h. Results: Metformin corrected DOX-induced upregulation of senescence markers and decreased the secretion of SASP factors and adhesion molecules. These effects were associated with a significant inhibition of the JNK and NF-κB pathway. A significant hyper-inflammatory response to LPS was observed in DOX-induced senescent ECs compared to non-senescent ECs. Metformin blunted LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory SASP factors. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that metformin mitigates DOX-induced endothelial senescence phenotype and ameliorates the hyper-inflammatory response to LPS. These findings suggest that metformin may protect against DOX-induced vascular aging and endothelial dysfunction and ameliorate infection-induced hyper-inflammation in DOX-treated cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beshay N. Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Paensuwan P, Laorob T, Ngoenkam J, Wichai U, Pongcharoen S. Nitro Dihydrocapsaicin, a Non-Pungent Capsaicin Analogue, Inhibits Cellular Senescence of Lens Epithelial Cells via Upregulation of SIRT1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213960. [PMID: 36430438 PMCID: PMC9695757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cataracts are a common complication that can cause blindness among patients with diabetes mellitus. A novel nitro dihydrocapsaicin (NDHC), a capsaicin analog, was constructed to have a non-pungency effect. The objective of this research was to study the effect of NDHC on human lens epithelial (HLE) cells that lost function from hyperglycemia. HLE cells were pretreated with NDHC before an exposure to high glucose (HG) conditions. The results show that NDHC promoted a deacceleration of cellular senescence in HLE cells. This inhibition of cellular senescence was characterized by a delayed cell growth and lower production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as decreased SA-β-galactosidase activity. Additionally, the expression of Sirt1 protein sharply increased, while the expression of p21 and phospho-p38 proteins decreased. These findings provide evidence that NDHC could exert a pharmacologically protective effect by inhibiting the senescence program of lens cells during diabetic cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pussadee Paensuwan
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (S.P.); Tel.: +66-55-966414 (P.P.); +66-55-965105 (S.P.)
| | - Thanet Laorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (S.P.); Tel.: +66-55-966414 (P.P.); +66-55-965105 (S.P.)
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Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:374. [PMID: 36336680 PMCID: PMC9637765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.
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Lu A, Duan P, Xie J, Gao H, Chen M, Gong Y, Li J, Xu H. Recent progress and research trend of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175299. [PMID: 36181780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation causes great burden to global healthcare, especially for low- and middle-income countries. Such burden would be significantly relieved if cataracts can effectively be treated or delayed by non-surgical means. Excitingly, novel drugs have been developed to treat cataracts in recent decades. For example, oxysterols are found to be able to innovatively reverse lens clouding, novel nanotechnology-loaded drugs improve anti-cataract pharmacological effect, and traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates promising therapeutic effects against cataracts. In the present review, we performed bibliometric analysis to provide an overview perspective regarding the research status, hot topics, and academic trends in the field of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy. We further reviewed the curative effects and molecular mechanisms of anti-cataract drugs such as lanosterol, metformin, resveratrol and curcumin, and prospected the possibility of their clinical application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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