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Biagiotti S, Canonico B, Tiboni M, Abbas F, Perla E, Montanari M, Battistelli M, Papa S, Casettari L, Rossi L, Guescini M, Magnani M. Efficient and highly reproducible production of red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicle mimetics for the loading and delivery of RNA molecules. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14610. [PMID: 38918594 PMCID: PMC11199497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising natural nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents. As with any other kind of cell, red blood cells (RBCs) produce a limited number of EVs under physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, RBC-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) have been recently suggested as next-generation delivery systems for therapeutic purposes. In this paper, we show that thanks to their unique biological and physicochemical features, RBCs can be efficiently pre-loaded with several kinds of molecules and further used to generate RBCEVs. A physical vesiculation method, based on "soft extrusion", was developed, producing an extremely high yield of cargo-loaded RBCEV mimetics. The RBCEVs population has been deeply characterized according to the new guidelines MISEV2023, showing great homogeneity in terms of size, biological features, membrane architecture and cargo. In vitro preliminary results demonstrated that RBCEVs are abundantly internalized by cells and exert peculiar biological effects. Indeed, efficient loading and delivery of miR-210 by RBCEVs to HUVEC has been proven, as well as the inhibition of a known mRNA target. Of note, the bench-scale process can be scaled-up and translated into clinics. In conclusion, this investigation could open the way to a new biomimetic platform for RNA-based therapies and/or other therapeutic cargoes useful in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Faiza Abbas
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Elena Perla
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Via Cà le Suore, 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
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Feng X, Zheng Y, Mao N, Shen M, Chu L, Fang Y, Pang M, Wang Z, Lin Z. Menaquinone-4 alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction via Sirt1-PGC-1α-TFAM signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112257. [PMID: 38759366 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental disorders, but currently there is no effective therapy drug for HIE. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD). Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2 prevalent in the brain, has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function and exhibit protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the impact and underlying molecular mechanism of MK-4 in HIE have not been fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, we established the neonatal rats HIBD model in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) of primary neurons in vitro to explore the neuroprotective effects of MK-4 on HI damage, and illuminate the potential mechanism. RESULTS Our findings revealed that MK-4 ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, and prevented HI-induced neuronal apoptosis by activating the Sirt1-PGC-1α-TFAM signaling pathway through Sirt1 mediation. Importantly, these protective effects were partially reversed by EX-527, a Sirt1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the potential therapeutic mechanism of MK-4 in neonatal HIE, suggesting its viability as an agent for enhancing recovery from HI-induced cerebral damage in newborns. Further exploration into MK-4 could lead to novel interventions for HIE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yihui Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Liuxi Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Mengdan Pang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Yu L, Huang L, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhou R, Yue Y, Sun H, Su X, Liu Q, Li S, Ying J, Zhao F, Qu Y. Atorvastatin Promotes Pro/anti-inflammatory Phenotypic Transformation of Microglia via Wnt/β-catenin Pathway in Hypoxic-Ischemic Neonatal Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3559-3577. [PMID: 37996729 PMCID: PMC11087325 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory reaction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Microglia are resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system and are profoundly involved in neuroinflammation. Studies have revealed that atorvastatin exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating neuroinflammation in adult animal models of brain stroke and traumatic brain injury, but its role regarding damage to the developing brain remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on the regulation of microglia function in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). The oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of microglia and neonatal rat HIBD model was established. Atorvastatin, recombinant sclerostin protein (SOST), and XAV939 (degradation of β-catenin) were administered to OGD microglia and HIBD rats. The pathological changes of brain tissue, cerebral infarction volume, learning and memory ability of rats, pro-inflammatory (CD16+/Iba1+) and anti-inflammatory (CD206+/Iba1+) microglia markers, inflammation-related indicators (Inos, Tnfα, Il6, Arg1, Tgfb, and Mrc1), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were examined. Atorvastatin reduced OGD-induced pro-inflammatory microglia and pro-inflammatory factors, while increasing anti-inflammatory microglia and anti-inflammatory factors. In vivo, atorvastatin attenuated hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage. Mechanistically, atorvastatin decreased SOST expression and activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and the administration of recombinant SOST protein or XAV939 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin promotes the pro/anti-inflammatory phenotypic transformation of microglia via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HI neonatal rats. Atorvastatin may be developed as a potent agent for the treatment of HIE in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Liu C, Yin T, Zhang M, Li Z, Xu B, Lv H, Wang P, Wang J, Hao J, Zhang L. Function of miR-21-5p derived from ADSCs-exos on the neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107779. [PMID: 38768666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral ischemia (CI) induces a profound neuroinflammatory response, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-exos) have been found to play a crucial role in cell communication by transferring molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs), which have been shown to modulate the inflammatory response after CI and are viable molecular targets for altering brain function. The current study aimed to explore the contribution of ADSC-exosomal miR-21-5p to the neuroinflammation after CI. METHODS The differentially expressed miR-21-5p in CI was screened based on literature search. The target mRNAs of miR-21-5p were predicted using online databases and verified by luciferase reporter assay. Then, BV2 cells were treated with hemin to simulate the inflammatory response after CI, and its animal model was induced using the MCAO method. Ischemia was evaluated in rats using 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. ADSCs-exos were further isolated and identified by western blot analysis and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS MiR-21-5p was significantly down-regulated in CI and alleviated neuropathic damage after CI by the PIK3R1/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. And miR-21-5p derived from ADSCs-exos alleviated neuroinflammation after CI via promoting microglial M2 polarization. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ADSC-exosomal miR-21-5p mitigated post-CI inflammatory response through the PIK3R1/PI3K/AKT signaling axis and could offer neuroprotection after CI through promoting polarization of M2 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Tengkun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Zhongchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
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Jin F, Jin L, Wei B, Li X, Li R, Liu W, Guo S, Fan H, Duan C. miR-96-5p alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting pyroptosis via downregulating caspase 1. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114676. [PMID: 38190934 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of global mortality and disability. Nevertheless, successful treatment remains limited. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and the mechanism of miR-96-5p in protecting acute ischemic brain injury in adult mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male C57BL/6 mice. MiR-96-5p or the negative control was administered via intracerebroventricular injection. The expression of pyroptosis-related genes and activation of various resident cells in the brain was assessed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, cylinder test, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume were used to evaluate the behavioral deficits and the severity of brain injury after MCAO. Flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Nissl staining were employed to assess the neuron damage. MiR-96-5p decreased markedly in the ischemic stroke model in vivo and in vitro. MiR-96-5p mimics suppressed the expression of caspase 1 and alleviated the apoptosis rate in OGD/R treatment N2a cells, however, the miR-96-5p inhibitor caused the opposite results. Intracerebroventricular delivery of miR-96-5p agomir significantly mitigated behavioral deficits, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume after MCAO. In addition, treatment with miR-96-5p agomir downregulated the expression of caspase 1/cleaved caspase 1 and Gsdmd/Gsdmd-N, while alleviating the neuron damage. In summary, overexpression of miR-96-5p suppresses pyroptosis and reduces brain damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, providing new insight into the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Boyang Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ran Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Shukla A, Bhardwaj U, Apoorva, Seth P, Singh SK. Hypoxia-Induced miR-101 Impairs Endothelial Barrier Integrity Through Altering VE-Cadherin and Claudin-5. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1807-1817. [PMID: 37776496 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening medical condition across the world that adversely affects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The brain microvascular endothelial cells are the important constituent of the BBB. These cells line the blood vessels and form a semipermeable barrier. Disruptions in adherens junction and tight junction proteins of brain microvascular endothelial cells compromise the integrity of BBB. The Vascular Endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an integral adherens junction protein required for the establishment and maintenance of the endothelial barrier integrity. This study aims to investigate the role of miRNA in hypoxia-induced endothelial barrier disruption. In this study, brain endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions for different time points. Western blotting, overexpression and knockdown of miRNA, real-time PCR, TEER, and sodium fluorescein assay were used to examine the effect of hypoxic conditions on brain endothelial cells. Hypoxic exposure was validated using HIF-1α protein. Exposure to hypoxic conditions resulted to a significant decrease in endothelial barrier resistance and an increase in sodium fluorescein migration across the endothelial barrier. Reduction in endothelial barrier resistance demonstrated compromised barrier integrity, whereas the increase in migration of sodium fluorescein across the barrier indicated the increase in barrier permeability. The present study revealed microRNA-101 decreases the expression of VE-cadherin and claudin-5 in brain endothelial cells exposed to the hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Shukla
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Utkarsh Bhardwaj
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Apoorva
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India.
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Qian H, Chen A, Lin D, Deng J, Gao F, Wei J, Wu X, Huang Y, Cai D, Chen X, Zheng X. Activation of the CD200/CD200R1 axis improves cognitive impairment by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis via suppression of M1 microglial polarization and neuroinflammation in hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111532. [PMID: 38237226 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), there is a decline in cognitive function; however, there are no effective treatment strategies for this condition in neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200)/CD200R1 axis in cognitive function following HIBD using an established model of HIBD in postnatal day 7 rats. Western blotting analysis was conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of CD200, CD200R1, proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt-NF-κB pathway, and inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Additionally, double-immunofluorescence labeling was utilized to evaluate M1 microglial polarization and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. To assess the learning and memory function of the experimental rats, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted. HIBDleads to a decrease in the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 proteins in the neonatal rat hippocampus, while simultaneously increasing the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β proteins, ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment. The administration of CD200Fc, a fusion protein of CD200, was found to enhance the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt, but reduce the expression of p-NF-κB. Additionally, CD200Fc inhibited M1 polarization of microglia, reduced neuroinflammation, improved hippocampal neurogenesis, and mitigated cognitive impairment caused by HIBD in neonatal rats. In contrast, blocking the interaction between CD200 and CD200R1 with the anti-CD200R1 antibody (CD200R1 Ab) exerted the opposite effect. Furthermore, the PI3K specific activator, 740Y-P, significantly increased the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt, but reduced p-NF-κB expression. It also inhibited M1 polarization of microglia, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in neonatal rats with HIBD. Our findings illustrate that activation of the CD200/CD200R1 axis inhibits the NF-κB-mediated M1 polarization of microglia to improve HIBD-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurogenesis disorder via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Qian
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Andi Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daoyi Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Wei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingliang Cai
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of "Belt and Road", Fuzhou, China.
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Wang W, Chen C, Wang Q, Ma J, Li Y, Guan Z, Wang R, Chen X. Electroacupuncture pretreatment preserves telomerase reverse transcriptase function and alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aged mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14373. [PMID: 37501354 PMCID: PMC10848091 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients often exhibit postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a postsurgical decline in memory and executive function. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, both pathological characteristics of the aged brain, contribute to this decline. This study posits that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation, an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory modality, may enhance telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) function, the catalytic subunit of telomerase known for its protective properties against cellular senescence and oxidative damage, to alleviate POCD in aged mice. METHODS The animal POCD model was created by subjecting aged mice to abdominal surgery, followed by EA pretreatment at the Baihui acupoint (GV20). Postoperative cognitive function was gauged using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Hippocampal TERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity were determined through qPCR and a Telomerase PCR ELISA kit, respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed through superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Iba-1 immunostaining determined the quantity of hippocampal microglia. Additionally, western blotting assessed TERT, autophagy markers, and proinflammatory cytokines at the protein level. RESULTS Abdominal surgery in aged mice significantly decreased telomerase activity and TERT mRNA and protein levels, but increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and decreased autophagy in the hippocampus. EA-pretreated mice demonstrated improved postoperative cognitive performance, enhanced telomerase activity, increased TERT protein expression, improved TERT mitochondrial localization, and reduced oxidative damage, autophagy dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. The neuroprotective benefits of EA pretreatment were diminished following TERT knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the significance of TERT function preservation in alleviating surgery-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aged mice. A novel neuroprotective mechanism of EA stimulation is highlighted, whereby modulation of TERT and telomerase activity reduces oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Consequently, maintaining TERT function via EA treatment could serve as an effective strategy for managing POCD in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic surgeryHainan Hospital of PLA General HospitalSanyaHainanChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Ji‐Guang Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yan‐Song Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zheng Guan
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
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9
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Chen F, Lu K, Bai N, Hao Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Yue F. Oral administration of ellagic acid mitigates perioperative neurocognitive disorders, hippocampal oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in aged mice by restoring IGF-1 signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2509. [PMID: 38291199 PMCID: PMC10827749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of ellagic acid (EA), a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in managing perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). PND, which represents a spectrum of cognitive impairments often faced by elderly patients, is principally linked to surgical and anesthesia procedures, and heavily impacted by oxidative stress in the hippocampus and microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Employing an aged mice model subjected to abdominal surgery, we delve into EA's ability to counteract postoperative oxidative stress and cerebral inflammation by engaging the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway. Our findings revealed that administering EA orally notably alleviated post-surgical cognitive decline in older mice, a fact that was manifested in improved performance during maze tests. This enhancement in the behavioral performance of the EA-treated mice corresponded with the rejuvenation of IGF-1 signaling, a decrease in oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus (like MDA and carbonylated protein), and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT. Alongside these, we observed a decrease in microglia-driven neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, thus underscoring the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of EA. Interestingly, when EA was given in conjunction with an IGF1R inhibitor, these benefits were annulled, accentuating the pivotal role that the IGF-1 pathway plays in the neuroprotective potential of EA. Hence, EA could serve as a potent candidate for safeguarding against PND in older patients by curbing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through the activation of the IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabo Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Zhang C, Guo J, Yin H, Yin C, Peng Y. Traditional Chinese medicine for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117317. [PMID: 37832809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although therapeutic hypothermia is currently considered an effective treatment for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), neonatal HIE is a disease requiring multiple therapeutic measures. Related Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) have been carried out in Chinese local hospitals for several years, and the outcomes all seem to show positive results. At the same time, other Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) methods have also shown vigorous vitality. AIM OF THE STUDY This study constructed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to investigate the efficacy of CHIs including Shenmai Injection (SMI), Compound musk injection (SXI), Ligustrazine injection (CXI), Compound danshen injection (DSI), Astragalus injection (HQI), Ginkgo biloba extract injection (YXI), and Puerarin injection (GGI) combined with traditional symptomatic treatment (TST) and TST alone in HIE. METHODS A literature review was conducted in several databases from inception to 9 February 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were analyzed by STATA 17.0 and R 4.2.2 software. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the examined treatments. Bayesian network meta-analysis was designed to access the effectiveness of different CHIs. RESULTS A total of 46 eligible randomized controlled trials involving 3,448 patients and 7 CHIs were included. The results of the NMA showed that SMI, SXI, CXI, DSI, HQI, YXI, and GGI combined with TST significantly improved treatment performance compared to TST alone. SMI + TST had obvious superiorities in the clinical effective rate and the original reflection recovery time. SXI + TST was the most advantageous in the Cure rate and the Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA). CXI + TST was shown to reduce the incidence of sequelae best. All articles reported that there were no obvious adverse drug reactions/adverse drug events (ADRs/ADEs). CONCLUSION This NMA showed that using CHIs in combination with TST improved treatment performance and could be beneficial for patients with HIE compared to using TST alone. Thereinto, SXI + TST showed a preferable improvement in patients with HIE when unified considering the clinical effective rate and other outcomes. As for safety, more evidence is needed to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, China.
| | - Huaiqing Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Chongjuan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yurong Peng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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11
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Wang L, Cai Z, Gu Q, Xu C. cGAS Deficiency Regulates the Phenotypic Polarization and Glycolysis of Microglia Through Lactylation in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Cell Model. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10631-2. [PMID: 38246965 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Promoting the M2 phenotype polarization of microglia is of great significance in alleviating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The umbilical artery blood sample was collected to evaluate the expression of cGAS, and the aberrant expressed cGAS was verified in the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) microglia which was established to mimic HIE in vitro. Then the regulating role of cGAS on the transformation of microglia M2 phenotype polarization and glycolysis was investigated. Moreover, the lactylation of cGAS in OGD treated microglia was evaluated by western blot. cGAS was found to be highly expressed in umbilical artery blood of HIE group, and OGD treated microglia. OGD interference activated microglia into M1 phenotype by enhancing CD86 and suppressing CD206 levels; meanwhile, the microglia in OGD group highly expressed IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-α, and lowly expressed IL-4, IL-10, and Arg-1. Inhibition of cGAS promotes the transformation of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype. Meanwhile, OGD increased ECAR and decreased OCR to regulate glycolysis, cGAS deficiency inhibits glycolysis in OGD treated microglia. Moreover, the pan lysine lactylation (Pan-Kla) levels and lactated cGAS levels in microglia were upregulated in the OGD group. Lactate reversed the effects of cGAS knockdown on microglia polarization and glycolysis. The present study reveals that the cGAS-mediated neuron injury is associated with high level of cGAS lactylation. Inhibition of cGAS promotes the M2 phenotype polarization of microglia and suppress glycolysis. Thereby, targeting cGAS provides a new strategy for the development of therapeutic agents against HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Funing County People's Hospital, No.111, Fucheng Street, Funing County, Yancheng, 224400, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Funing County People's Hospital, No.111, Fucheng Street, Funing County, Yancheng, 224400, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Funing County People's Hospital, No.111, Fucheng Street, Funing County, Yancheng, 224400, China
| | - Changli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Funing County People's Hospital, No.111, Fucheng Street, Funing County, Yancheng, 224400, China.
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12
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Ovali F, Hakbilen M, Akalin I, Çelik G, Yildirim S. The association of microRNAs in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024; 17:49-55. [PMID: 38457157 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main reasons of preventable childhood blindness. In the development of ROP, MicroRNAs may be effective in the balance of factors that inhibit and activate angiogenic factors. We aimed to determine the changes in the blood levels of miR-146a, miR-143, miR-210, miR-21, miR-126, miR-211, miR-221, miR-106 and let 7f and to investigate their association with ROP. We hypothesed that the level of these miRNAs changed significantly in ROP cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study was conducted prospectively in preterm infants with ROP. Serum levels of 8 miRNAs were measured. The relationship between disease stage and progression with miRNA gene expression was analysed. Preterm infants without ROP were taken as the control group. RESULTS 47 patients with ROP and 14 controls, were included in the study. In the ROP group, miR-210, miR-146a, miR-21 were statistically significantly lower. In the ROP group the expression level of miR-143 was insignificantly lower, miRNA-221 was insignificantly higher, and miR-106, miR-126 and let 7f were variable. CONCLUSION It was observed that miR-210, miR-146a, miR-21 and miR-143 were significantly lower in patients with ROP compared to the control group. However, no association could be established between the type of miRNA and stage of ROP. These miRNAs may be used as adjunctive biomarkers for diagnosis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ovali
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Hakbilen
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Çelik
- Department of Ophtalmology, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, Division of Neonatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Xu CQ, Li J, Liang ZQ, Zhong YL, Zhang ZH, Hu XQ, Cao YB, Chen J. Sirtuins in macrophage immune metabolism: A novel target for cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128270. [PMID: 38000586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), as a family of NAD+-dependent protein modifying enzymes, have various catalytic functions, such as deacetylases, dealkalylases, and deribonucleases. The Sirtuins family is directly or indirectly involved in pathophysiological processes such as glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair and inflammatory response through various pathways and assumes an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and heart failure. A growing number of studies supports that metabolic and bioenergetic reprogramming directs the sequential process of inflammation. Failure of homeostatic restoration leads to many inflammatory diseases, and that macrophages are the central cells involving the inflammatory response and are the main source of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage function, but its exact signaling mechanisms remain to be revealed. Understanding the precise molecular basis of metabolic control of macrophage inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for targeting immune metabolism and inflammation. Here, we provide an update of studies in cardiovascular disease on the function and role of sirtuins in macrophage inflammation and metabolism, as well as drug candidates that may interfere with sirtuins, pointing to future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qin Xu
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yi-Lang Zhong
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xue-Qing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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14
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Li L, Li M. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit the abnormal activation of immune function in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by carrying miR-124-3p. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1079-1090. [PMID: 37748110 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is among the leading causes of neonatal death worldwide. miR-124-3p can be utilized as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for perinatal asphyxia and HI encephalopathy in newborns. This study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of miR-124-3p in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) in HIBD. METHODS The neonatal mouse model of HIBD was established. Astrocytes were transfected with the miR-124-3p inhibitor, followed by isolation and identification of ADEVs (ADEVs + inhi miR). HIBD mice were injected with ADEVs or ADEVs + inhi miR through the lateral ventricle, and neurological function was evaluated based on the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The infarct volume of mice and the morphological modifications of neurons were observed by TTC staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The contents of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA in the hippocampus were measured. The neuronal apoptosis, the activation of MPO+ neutrophils, NK cells, and CD3+ cells in CA1 region of the hippocampus was determined by means of TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence. RESULTS ADEVs alleviated HIBD in neonatal mice. ADEVs could intrinsically protect mice from HIBD by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal tissue. ADEVs inhibited the positive expression of MPO+ neutrophils, NK cells, and CD3+ cells in HIBD neonatal mice. ADEVs inhibited the hippocampal immune cells by delivering miR-124-3p in neonatal HIBD mice. CONCLUSION ADEVs can inhibit the abnormal activation of immune function in HIBD by delivering miR-124-3p, thereby eliciting a protective effect on brain damage in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaochen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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15
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Quan H, Zhang R. Microglia dynamic response and phenotype heterogeneity in neural regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1320271. [PMID: 38094292 PMCID: PMC10716326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury poses a significant threat to the neural niche within the central nervous system. In response to this pathological process, microglia, as innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo rapid morphological, molecular and functional changes. Here, we comprehensively review these dynamic changes in microglial response to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury under pathological conditions, including stroke, chronic intermittent hypoxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We focus on the regulation of signaling pathways under hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and further describe the process of microenvironment remodeling and neural tissue regeneration mediated by microglia after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Wu C, Xing W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zuo N, Sun F, Liu Q, Liu S. NLRP3/miR-223-3p axis attenuates neuroinflammation induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37991531 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is mainly characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) with multiple brain injuries. Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is considered the most important factor inducing and maintaining inflammation. However, the role of NLRP3 and its underlying mechanism in CIH-elicited neuroinflammation remains unclear. We constructed an OSA-related CIH in vivo model and assessed the rats' cognitive behavior in the Morris water maze. The combination of miR-223-3p and NLRP3 was confirmed by the TargetScan database, double luciferase reporter gene experiment, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment. Western blot and ELISA assay were used to analyze the effects of miR-223-3p targeting NLRP3 on the expression of pyroptotic or inflammatory factors in vivo in CIH rats. Severe cognitive impairment was observed in rats at week 6 post-treatment, with increased inflammatory factors in the blood and hippocampus, heightened NLRP3 expression, and low miR-223-3p levels. And the good binding activity of the two was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter and RIP experiments. Next, we found that silencing NLRP3 or overexpression of miR-223-3p in the CIH model could improve cognitive deficits and reduce the level of proinflammatory factors and pyroptosis factors in rats. Finally, based on silencing NLRP3 or overexpression miR-223-3p, we confirmed that there was a regulatory relationship between miR-223-3p and NLRP3. Our results suggested that the NLRP3/ miR-223-3p axis played a role in attenuating CIH-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshanxi Road, Wuhu, 241006, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Department of Gerontology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jue Wang
- School Doctor Courtyard, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshanxi Road, Wuhu, 241006, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Fuqin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshanxi Road, Wuhu, 241006, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshanxi Road, Wuhu, 241006, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshanxi Road, Wuhu, 241006, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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Zhou J, Gao T, Tang W, Qian T, Wang Z, Xu P, Wang L. Progress in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. Brain Dev 2023; 45:533-546. [PMID: 37806836 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease among newborns, which is a leading cause of neonatal death and permanent neurological sequelae. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only method for the treatment of HIE that has been recognized effective clinically at home and abroad, but the efficacy is limited. Recent research suggests that the cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs), which the refer to blood cells containing one nucleus in the cord blood, exert anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects and play a neuroprotective role in HIE. This review focuses on safety and efficacy, the route of administration, dose, timing and combination treatment of CB-MNCs in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ting Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Wan Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Pu Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China.
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18
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Zhu K, Zhu X, Yu J, Chen L, Liu S, Yan M, Yang W, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Shen T, Hei M. Effects of HMGB1/RAGE/cathespin B inhibitors on alleviating hippocampal injury by regulating microglial pyroptosis and caspase activation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. J Neurochem 2023; 167:410-426. [PMID: 37753942 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in HIBD; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) mediates neuroinflammation and microglial damage in HIBD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HMGB1 and microglial pyroptosis and elucidate the mechanism involved in rats with HIBD (both sexes were included) and in BV2 microglia subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Our results showed that HMGB1 inhibition by glycyrrhizin (20 mg/kg) reduced the expression of microglial pyroptosis-related proteins, including caspase-1, the N-terminus fragment of gasdermin D (N-GSDMD), and pyroptosis-related inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-18. Moreover, HMGB1 inhibition resulted in reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus 72 h after HIBD and ultimately improved neurobehavior during adulthood, as evidenced by reduced escape latency and path length, as well as increased time and distance spent in the target quadrant during the Morris water maze test. These results revealed that HIBD-induced pyroptosis is mediated by HMGB1/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling (inhibition by FPS-ZM1, 1 mg/kg) and the activation of cathespin B (cat B). Notably, cat B inhibition by CA074-Me (5 mg/kg) also reduced hippocampal neuronal damage by suppressing microglial pyroptosis, thereby ameliorating learning and memory impairments caused by HIBD. Lastly, we demonstrated that microglial pyroptosis may contribute to neuronal damage through the HMGB1/RAGE/cat B signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, these results suggest that HMGB1/RAGE/cat B inhibitors can alleviate hippocampal injury by regulating microglial pyroptosis and caspase activation in HIBD, thereby reducing the release of proinflammatory mediators that destroy hippocampal neurons and induce spatial memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan Hei
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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19
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Wang C, Wang X, Zhang D, Sun X, Wu Y, Wang J, Li Q, Jiang G. The macrophage polarization by miRNAs and its potential role in the treatment of tumor and inflammation (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:190. [PMID: 37711048 PMCID: PMC10523439 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of monocyte/macrophage lineage are diversity and plasticity, mainly manifested by M1 and M2 subtypes in the body tissues, and playing different roles in the immunity. In the polarization process of macrophages, the classic molecular mechanism is related to sequential transcription factors. Whether in tumor or inflammatory local microenvironment, the pathological factors of the local microenvironment often affect the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages, and participate in the occurrence and development of these pathological processes. In recent years, a growing number of research results demonstrated that non‑coding RNA (ncRNA) also participates in the polarization process of macrophages, in addition to traditional cytokines and transcriptional regulation signal pathway molecules. Among numerous ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted more attention from scholars both domestically and internationally, and significant progress has been made in basic and clinical research. Therefore, for improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in macrophage polarization and analysis of the potential value of this regulatory pathway in tumor and inflammatory intervention therapy, a comprehensive review of the progress of relevant literature research was conducted and some viewpoints and perspectives were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lixia People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
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20
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He C, Li Z, Yang M, Yu W, Luo R, Zhou J, He J, Chen Q, Song Z, Cheng S. Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4165-4211. [PMID: 37753266 PMCID: PMC10519213 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s422114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathophysiological features. Amyloid plaques resulting from extracellular amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation serve as primary neuropathological criteria for AD diagnosis. The activation of microglia has been closely associated with these pathological manifestations. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a versatile molecule involved in various cellular functions such as genetic information storage and transport, as well as catalysis of biochemical reactions, plays a crucial role in microglial activation. This review aims to investigate the regulatory role of ncRNAs in protein expression by directly targeting genes, proteins, and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the ability of ncRNAs to modulate inflammatory pathways, influence the expression of inflammatory factors, and regulate microglia activation, all of which contribute to neuroinflammation and AD. However, there are still significant controversies surrounding microglial activation and polarization. The categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes may oversimplify the intricate and multifaceted regulatory processes in microglial response to neuroinflammation. Limited research has been conducted on the role of ncRNAs in regulating microglial activation and inducing distinct polarization states in the context of neuroinflammation. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms through which ncRNAs govern microglial function continue to be refined. The current understanding of ncRNA regulatory pathways involved in microglial activation remains incomplete and may be influenced by spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific factors. Therefore, further in-depth investigations are warranted. In conclusion, there are ongoing debates and uncertainties regarding the activation and polarization of microglial cells, particularly concerning the categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The study of ncRNA regulation in microglial activation and polarization, as well as its mechanisms, is still in its early stages and requires further investigation. However, this review offers new insights and opportunities for therapeutic approaches in AD. The development of ncRNA-based drugs may hold promise as a new direction in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Darwish SF, Elbadry AMM, Elbokhomy AS, Salama GA, Salama RM. The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1231706. [PMID: 37744008 PMCID: PMC10513083 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a-mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a-cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis, gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata, icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. M. Elbadry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | | | - Ghidaa A. Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Cai Z, Gao F, Cheng J, Barreto GE, Liu R. Editorial: Noncoding RNA-based spatiotemporal modulation and therapeutics in neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276943. [PMID: 37727788 PMCID: PMC10505735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdi Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Wang H, Shi J, Wang J, Hu Y. MicroRNA‑378: An important player in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:172. [PMID: 37503766 PMCID: PMC10436248 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common chronic clinical condition and is the main cause of death in humans worldwide. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CVD is essential to develop effective prevention strategies and therapeutic measures. An increasing number of CVD‑related genetic studies have been conducted, including those on the potential roles of microRNAs (miRs). These studies have demonstrated that miR‑378 is involved in the pathological processes of CVD, including those of myocardial infarction, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Despite the potential importance of miR‑378 CVD, a comprehensive summary of the related literature is lacking. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies on the roles and mechanisms of miR‑378 in a variety of CVDs and provide an up‑to date basis for further r research targeting the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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24
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Lee JH, Lee BH, Jeong S, Joh CSY, Nam HJ, Choi HS, Sserwadda H, Oh JW, Park CG, Jin SP, Kim HJ. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies distinct transcriptomic signatures between PMA/ionomycin- and αCD3/αCD28-activated primary human T cells. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e18. [PMID: 37704208 PMCID: PMC10326540 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologists have activated T cells in vitro using various stimulation methods, including phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies. PMA stimulates protein kinase C, activating nuclear factor-κB, and ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, resulting in activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell. In contrast, αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies activate T cells through ZAP-70, which phosphorylates linker for activation of T cell and SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD. However, despite the use of these two different in vitro T cell activation methods for decades, the differential effects of chemical-based and antibody-based activation of primary human T cells have not yet been comprehensively described. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies to analyze gene expression unbiasedly at the single-cell level, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of the non-physiological and physiological activation methods on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived T cells from four independent donors. Remarkable transcriptomic differences in the expression of cytokines and their respective receptors were identified. We also identified activated CD4 T cell subsets (CD55+) enriched specifically by PMA/ionomycin activation. We believe this activated human T cell transcriptome atlas derived from two different activation methods will enhance our understanding, highlight the optimal use of these two in vitro T cell activation assays, and be applied as a reference standard when analyzing activated specific disease-originated T cells through scRNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Brian H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christine Suh-Yun Joh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Henry Sserwadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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25
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Crocker CE, Sharmeen R, Tran TT, Khan AM, Li W, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein a attenuates generalized and localized neuroinflammation in neonatal mice. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148308. [PMID: 36871846 PMCID: PMC10065943 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has important roles in innate immunity and modulation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary inflammation. Given SP-A has been detected in rat and human brain, we sought to determine if SP-A has a role in modulating inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain. Neonatal wildtype (WT) and SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice were subjected to three models of brain inflammation: systemic sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Following each intervention, RNA was isolated from brain tissue and expression of cytokine and SP-A mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In the sepsis model, expression of most cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in brains of WT and SP-A-/- mice with significantly greater expression of all cytokine mRNA levels in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the IVH model, expression of all cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in WT and SP-A-/- mice and levels of most cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the HIE model, only TNF-α mRNA levels were significantly increased in WT brain tissue while all pro-inflammtory cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice, and all pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were significantly higher in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. SP-A mRNA was not detectable in brain tissue of adult WT mice nor in WT neonates subjected to these models. These results suggest that SP-A-/- neonatal mice subjected to models of neuroinflammation are more susceptible to both generalized and localized neuroinflammation compared to WT mice, thus supporting the hypothesis that SP-A attenuates inflammation in neonatal mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Crocker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thu T Tran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amir M Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Li HR, Liu Q, Zhu CL, Sun XY, Sun CY, Yu CM, Li P, Deng XM, Wang JF. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide activates NAD+/SIRT1 pathway and attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus regions of septic mice. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102745. [PMID: 37201414 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the common serious complications in sepsis, and the pathogenesis of SAE remains unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to be downregulated in the hippocampus and SIRT1 agonists can attenuated the cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key substrate to maintain the deacetylation activity of SIRT1. As an intermediate of NAD+, β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has been reported to be promising in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Thus we sought to investigate the potential role of NMN in SAE treatment. The SAE model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in vivo, and neuroinflammation model was established with LPS-treated BV-2 cells in vitro. Memory impairment was assessed by Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. As a result, the levels of NAD+, SIRT1 and PGC-1α were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of septic mice, while the acetylation of total lysine, phosphorylation of P38 and P65 were enhanced. All these changes induced by sepsis were inverted by NMN. Treating with NMN resulted in improved behavior performance in the fear conditioning tests and Morris water maze. Apoptosis, inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus of septic mice were attenuated significantly after NMN administration. These protective effect of NMN against memory dysfunction, inflammatory and oxidative injuries were reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX-527. Similarly, LPS-induced activation of BV-2 cells were attenuated by NMN, EX-527 or SIRT1 knockdown could reverse such effect of NMN in vitro. In conclusion, NMN is protective against sepsis-induced memory dysfunction, and the inflammatory and oxidative injuries in the hippocampus region of septic mice. The NAD+/SIRT1 pathway might be involved in one of the mechanisms of the protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Yang L, Zhang L, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zou N, Liu Z, Wang Y. Abnormal expression and role of MicroRNA-214-3p/SLC8A1 in neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic encephalopathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2023. [PMID: 37032493 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to brain damage caused by intra-uterine distress and asphyxia/hypoxia during the perinatal and neonatal periods. MicroRNA (MiR)-214-3p plays a critical role in cell growth and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and role of miR-214-3p in neonatal HIE development, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The expression of miR-214-3p was significantly down-regulated, while that of Slc8a1, a direct target of miR-214-3p, was significantly up-regulated, in the brain tissue of neonatal HIE rats. The over-expression of miR-214-3p promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of neurones, while its down-regulation had the opposite effect. Our results indicate that miR-214-3p expression was down-regulated in neonatal HIE rats, and the up-regulation of miR-214-3p expression protected against HIE development by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Qiao C, Liu Z, Qie S. The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030571. [PMID: 36979506 PMCID: PMC10046452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes varying degrees of neurological deficits, leading to corresponding dysfunctions. There are different therapeutic principles for each stage of pathological development. Neuroprotection is the main treatment in the acute phase, and functional recovery becomes primary in the subacute and chronic phases. Neuroplasticity is considered the basis of functional restoration and neurological rehabilitation after stroke, including the remodeling of dendrites and dendritic spines, axonal sprouting, myelin regeneration, synapse shaping, and neurogenesis. Spatiotemporal development affects the spontaneous rewiring of neural circuits and brain networks. Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain that contribute to homeostasis under physiological conditions. Microglia are activated immediately after stroke, and phenotypic polarization changes and phagocytic function are crucial for regulating focal and global brain inflammation and neurological recovery. We have previously shown that the development of neuroplasticity is spatiotemporally consistent with microglial activation, suggesting that microglia may have a profound impact on neuroplasticity after stroke and may be a key therapeutic target for post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we explore the impact of neuroplasticity on post-stroke restoration as well as the functions and mechanisms of microglial activation, polarization, and phagocytosis. This is followed by a summary of microglia-targeted rehabilitative interventions that influence neuroplasticity and promote stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
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Yuechen Z, Shaosong X, Zhouxing Z, Fuli G, Wei H. A summary of the current diagnostic methods for, and exploration of the value of microRNAs as biomarkers in, sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1125888. [PMID: 37008225 PMCID: PMC10060640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute neurological deficit caused by severe sepsis without signs of direct brain infection, characterized by the systemic inflammation and disturbance of the blood–brain barrier. SAE is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality in patients with sepsis. Survivors may exhibit long-term or permanent sequelae, including behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life. Early detection of SAE can help ameliorate long-term sequelae and reduce mortality. Half of the patients with sepsis suffer from SAE in the intensive care unit, but its physiopathological mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, the diagnosis of SAE remains a challenge. The current clinical diagnosis of SAE is a diagnosis of exclusion; this makes the process complex and time-consuming and delays early intervention by clinicians. Furthermore, the scoring scales and laboratory indicators involved have many problems, including insufficient specificity or sensitivity. Thus, a new biomarker with excellent sensitivity and specificity is urgently needed to guide the diagnosis of SAE. MicroRNAs have attracted attention as putative diagnostic and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. They exist in various body fluids and are highly stable. Based on the outstanding performance of microRNAs as biomarkers for other neurodegenerative diseases, it is reasonable to infer that microRNAs will be excellent biomarkers for SAE. This review explores the current diagnostic methods for sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). We also explore the role that microRNAs could play in SAE diagnosis and if they can be used to make the SAE diagnosis faster and more specific. We believe that our review makes a significant contribution to the literature because it summarizes some of the important diagnostic methods for SAE, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in clinical use, and could benefit the field as it highlights the potential of miRNAs as SAE diagnostic markers.
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Kim J, Lee B, Kim Y, Kim BC, Kim JT, Cho HH. Comprehensive investigation of the expression profiles of common long noncoding RNAs during microglial activation. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e2. [PMID: 37037460 PMCID: PMC10085744 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, similar to peripheral macrophages, are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia exist in the resting state in the healthy CNS, but can be activated and polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes for immune defense and the maintenance of CNS homeostasis by multiple stimuli. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate human inflammatory diseases and neuropathologies by regulating their target genes. However, the function of common lncRNAs that contribute to microglial activation remains unclear. Thus, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify common lncRNAs involved in microglial activation in vitro. Our study identified several lncRNAs as common regulators of microglial activation. We identified 283 common mRNAs and 53 common lncRNAs during mouse M1 microglial activation processes, whereas 26 common mRNAs and five common lncRNAs were identified during mouse M2 microglial activation processes. A total of 648 common mRNAs and 274 common lncRNAs were identified during the activation of human M1 microglia. In addition, we identified 1,920 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M1 activation processes and 25 common co-expressed pairs in mouse M2 activation processes. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of common lncRNA expression profiles in microglial activation processes in vitro. The list of common lncRNAs identified in this study provides novel evidence and clues regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hyong-Ho Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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Bai Y, Ren H, Bian L, Zhou Y, Wang X, Xiong Z, Liu Z, Han B, Yao H. Regulation of Glial Function by Noncoding RNA in Central Nervous System Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:440-452. [PMID: 36161582 PMCID: PMC10043107 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that play critical roles in different diseases. NcRNAs include microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. They are highly expressed in the brain and are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Mounting evidence indicates that ncRNAs play key roles in CNS diseases. Further elucidating the mechanisms of ncRNA underlying the process of regulating glial function that may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liang Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhongli Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Peeples ES. MicroRNA therapeutic targets in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: a narrative review. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:780-788. [PMID: 35854090 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a devastating injury resulting from impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain at or around the time of birth. Despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia, more than one in four survivors suffer from major developmental disabilities-an indication of the critical need for more effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have the potential to act as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in neonatal HIBI as a step toward improving outcomes in this high-risk population. This review summarizes the current literature around the use of cord blood and postnatal circulating blood miRNA expression for diagnosis or prognosis in human infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, as well as animal studies assessing endogenous brain miRNA expression and potential for therapeutic targeting of miRNA expression for neuroprotection. Ultimately, the lack of knowledge regarding brain specificity of circulating miRNAs and the temporal variability in expression currently limit the use of miRNAs as biomarkers. However, given their broad effect profile, ease of administration, and small size allowing for effective blood-brain barrier crossing, miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for improving brain injury and reducing developmental impairments in neonates after HIBI. IMPACT: The high morbidity and mortality of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) despite current therapies demonstrates a need for developing more sensitive biomarkers and superior therapeutic options. MicroRNAs have been evaluated both as biomarkers and therapeutic options after neonatal HIBI. The limited knowledge regarding brain specificity of circulating microRNAs and temporal variability in expression currently limit the use of microRNAs as biomarkers. Future studies comparing the neuroprotective effects of modulating microRNA expression must consider temporal changes in the endogenous expression to determine appropriate timing of therapy, while also optimizing techniques for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Jing X, Luo X, Fang C, Zhang B. N-acetylserotonin inhibits oxidized mitochondrial DNA-induced neuroinflammation by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Li Y, Song R, Shen G, Huang L, Xiao D, Ma Q, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210 Downregulates TET2 (Ten-Eleven Translocation Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) and Contributes to Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke of Adult Mice. Stroke 2023; 54:857-867. [PMID: 36734233 PMCID: PMC10151037 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neuroinflammation plays a key role in acute brain injury of ischemic stroke. MicroRNA-210 (miR210) is the master hypoxamir and regulates microglial activation and inflammation in a variety of diseases. In this study, we uncovered the mechanism of miR210 in orchestrating ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation through repression of TET2 (ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) in the adult mouse brain. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in adult WT (wild type) or miR210 KO (miR210 deficient) mice by transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Injection of TET2 silencing RNA or miR210 complementary locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides, or miR210 KO mice were used to validate miR210-TET2 axis and its role in ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, the effect of TET2 overexpression on miR210-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines was examined in BV2 microglia. Post assays included magnetic resonance imaging scan for brain infarct size; neurobehavioral tests, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot for miR210; and TET2 levels, flow cytometry, and ELISA for neuroinflammation in the brain after stroke or microglia in vitro. RESULTS miR210 injection significantly reduced TET2 protein abundance in the brain, while miR210 complementary locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides or miR210 KO preserved TET2 regardless of ischemic brain injury. TET2 knockdown reversed the protective effects of miR210 inhibition or miR210 KO on ischemic stroke-induced brain infarct size and neurobehavioral deficits. Moreover, flow cytometry and ELISA assays showed that TET2 knockdown also significantly dampened the anti-inflammatory effect of miR210 inhibition on microglial activation and IL (interleukin)-6 release after stroke. In addition, overexpression of TET2 in BV2 microglia counteracted miR210-induced increase in cytokines. CONCLUSIONS miR210 inhibition reduced ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammatory response via repression of TET2 in the adult mouse brain, suggesting that miR210 is a potential treatment target for acute brain injury after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Guofang Shen
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - DaLiao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Wang C, Zhang P, Li Y, Wang X, Guo L, Li J, Jiao H. Downregulation of TRIM27 alleviates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy through inhibiting inflammation and microglia cell activation by regulating STAT3/HMGB1 axis. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102251. [PMID: 36796734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
TRIM27 expression was increased in the Parkinson's disease (PD), and knockdown of TRIM27 in PC12 cells significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, indicating that downregulation of TRIM27 exerts a neuroprotective effect. Herein, we investigated TRIM27 role in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and the underlying mechanisms. HIE models were constructed in newborn rats using hypoxic ischemic (HI) treatment and PC-12/BV2 cells with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. The results demonstrated that TRIM27 expression was increased in the brain tissues of HIE rats and OGD-treated PC-12/BV2 cells. Downregulation of TRIM27 reduced the brain infarct volume, inflammatory factor levels and brain injury, as well as decreased the number of M1 subtype of microglia cells while increased the number of M2 microglia cells. Moreover, deletion of TRIM27 expression inhibited the expression of p-STAT3, p-NF-κB and HMGB1 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, overexpression of HMGB1 impaired the effects of TRIM27 downregulation on improving OGD-induced cell viability, inhibiting inflammatory reactions and microglia activation. Collectively, this study revealed that TRIM27 was overexpressed in HIE, and downregulation of TRIM27 could alleviate HI-induced brain injury through repressing inflammation and microglia cell activation via the STAT3/HMGB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China.
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Lingzhi Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Jingluan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Huihui Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
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Chen X, Chen H, Jiang D. Maternal and Fetal Risk Factors for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:537-545. [PMID: 36818762 PMCID: PMC9936872 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s394202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) leads to different degree of neurological sequelae. The incidence of HIE is relatively high, and the risk factors associated with HIE are still controversial. It is necessary to identify the risk factors associated with HIE. Methods A total of 258 neonates (110 HIE patients and 148 controls) were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of pregnant women and fetuses during pregnancy and delivery were compared between HIE patients and controls, and the risk factors of HIE were analyzed. Results The proportions of premature infants, low-birth-weight infants and the levels of 1-minute Apgar score, 5-minute Apgar score in HIE group were significantly lower than those in control group, while the proportion of amniotic fluid contamination in the HIE group was significantly higher than those of the controls. When HIE was taken as the end point of 1-minute Apgar score, and 5-minute Apgar score, the cut-off value of 1-minute Apgar score was 3, and 5-minute Apgar score was 7 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight (<2.5 kg) (OR 1.780, 95% CI: 0.124-25.463, P=0.016), amniotic fluid contamination (OR 3.223, 95% CI: 1.049-9.901, P=0.041), low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3) (OR 92.425, 95% CI: 15.522-550.343, P<0.001), and low 5-minute Apgar score (≤7) (OR 12.641, 95% CI: 2.894-55.227, P=0.001) may increase risk of HIE. In addition, amniotic fluid contamination, low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3), and low 5-minute Apgar score (≤7) may increase risk of HIE among newborns born to women without previous childbearing history, but not in newborns born to women with previous childbearing history. Conclusion Low birth weight (<2.5 kg), amniotic fluid contamination, low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3), and 5-minute Apgar score (≤7) may increase risk of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xuexin Chen, Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 753-2131-230, Email
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongchang Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zuo D, Zheng Q, Xiao M, Wang X, Chen H, Xu J, Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Ye L, Feng Z. Anti-apoptosis effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rats through activating the IL-11Rα/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106923. [PMID: 36521373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in neonates. Apoptosis contributes to HI development. Interleukin-11(IL-11) has been shown to protect mice from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether IL-11 exerts the anti-apoptotic effect on HI injury is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11) prevented apoptosis of rat neonates with HI through activating IL-11Rα/STAT3 signaling. Sprague-Dawley rat pups on the 7th day after birth were used to establish an HI injury model. The expression levels of IL-11Rα and GP130 were increased first and then decreased after HI. In contrast, IL-11 expression was first decreased and then increased. Immunofluorescence staining showed that IL-11Rα was localized in neurons and oligodendrocytes. RhIL-11 treatment alleviated hippocampal and cortical damages, significantly reduced cerebral infarction volumes, cerebral edema, and loss of the Nissl body and nerve cells, and also ameliorated the outcomes of HI injury and long-term neurological deficits. In addition, rhIL-11 treatment upregulated the expressions levels of Bcl-2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and downregulated the protein concentrations of the lytic protease, and cleaved-caspase-3. Furthermore, GP130 inhibitor and JAK1 inhibitor reversed the protective effects of rhIL-11. Overall, rhIL-11 showed an anti-apoptosis effect on the brain after HI injury. Our results indicated that rhIL-11 reduced neuronal apoptosis by activating the brain IL-11Rα/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- The Pharmacy Department, People's Hospital of Nayong County, Nayong County, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guizhou Vocational and Technical College of Nursing, Qiannan Prefecture, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lan Ye
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Ni W, Ramalingam M, Li Y, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Lee JH, Bloise N, Fassina L, Visai L, De Angelis MGC, Pedraz JL, Kim HW, Hu J. Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory effect of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Central Nervous System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:866-885. [PMID: 36650367 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical event that responds to disturbed homeostasis and governs various neurological diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The excessive inflammatory microenvironment in the CNS can adversely affect endogenous neural stem cells, thereby impeding neural self-repair. Therapies with neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have shown significant inhibitory effects on inflammation, which is mainly achieved through intercellular contact and paracrine signalings. The intercellular contact between NSPCs and immune cells, the activated CNS- resident microglia, and astrocyte plays a critical role in the therapeutic NSPCs homing and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the paracrine effect mainly regulates infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells, activated microglia, and astrocyte through the secretion of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of NSPCs is not well discussed. This article provides a systematic analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanism of NSPCs, discusses efficient ways to enhance its immunomodulatory ability, and gives suggestions on clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiong QH, Zhao L, Wan GQ, Hu YG, Li XL. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing miR-210 inhibits neuronal inflammation and contribute to neurite outgrowth through modulating microglia polarization. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20220618. [PMID: 36660450 PMCID: PMC9816459 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a critical role in the progress of neurodegenerative disorders. MSC-Exos is considered to have an anti-inflammatory effect on the treatment strategy for brain injury. However, the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of Exosomal miR-210 on microglia polarization-induced neuroinflammation and neurite outgrowth have not been reported. MSC-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation, identified by Nanosight NS300, transmission electron microscopy, and western bolt. In vitro, to explore the protective mechanism of MSC-Exos against neuroinflammation, the microglial BV2 cell was exposed to lipopolysaccharide to assess inflammatory changes. The intake of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil)-MSC-Exos into microglia was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that Exosomal miR-210 treatment significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exosomal miR-210 treatment also increased the number of M2 microglia cells and inhibited M1 microglia polarization. In addition, western blot demonstrated that Exosomal miR-210 reduced neuronal apoptosis. Thus, Exosomal miR-210 attenuated neuronal inflammation and promoted neurite outgrowth. Exosomal miR-210 from MSCs attenuated neuronal inflammation and contributed to neurogenesis possibly by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-hua Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangxi People’s Hospital/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstruction, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangxi People’s Hospital/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstruction, Nanchang, China
| | - Guan-qun Wan
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangxi People’s Hospital/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstruction, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun-gang Hu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangxi People’s Hospital/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstruction, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-lin Li
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangxi People’s Hospital/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstruction, Nanchang, China
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Protective effect of kaempferol against cognitive and neurological disturbances induced by d-galactose and aluminum chloride in mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Gai C, Xing X, Song Y, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Cheng Y, Xiao Y, Wang Z. Up-Regulation of miR-9-5p Inhibits Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Damage Through the DDIT4-Mediated Autophagy Pathways in Neonatal Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1175-1189. [PMID: 37113470 PMCID: PMC10128084 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s393362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains the leading cause of cerebral palsy and long-term neurological sequelae in infants. Despite intensive research and many therapeutic approaches, there are limited neuroprotective strategies against HI insults. Herein, we reported that HI insult significantly down-regulated microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) level in the ipsilateral cortex of neonatal mice. Methods The biological function and expression patterns of protein in the ischemic hemispheres were evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western Blotting analysis, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry. Open field test and Y-maze test were applied to detect locomotor activity and exploratory behavior and working memory. Results Overexpression of miR-9-5p effectively alleviated brain injury and improved neurological behaviors following HI insult, accompanying with suppressed neuroinflammation and apoptosis. MiR-9-5p directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and negatively regulated its expression. Furthermore, miR-9-5p mimics treatment down-regulated light chain 3 II/light chain 3 I (LC3 II/LC3 I) ratio and Beclin-1 expression and decreased LC3B accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Further analysis showed that DDIT4 knockdown conspicuously inhibited the HI-up-regulated LC3 II/ LC3 I ratio and Beclin-1 expression, associating with attenuated brain damage. Conclusion The study indicates that miR-9-5p-mediated HI injury is regulated by DDIT4-mediated autophagy pathway and up-regulation of miR-9-5p level may provide a potential therapeutic effect on HI brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zige Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
- Liaocheng Neuroscience Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yilei Xiao, Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Zhen Wang, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Chen X, Wang X, Cui Z, Luo Q, Jiang Z, Huang Y, Jiang J, Qiu J, Li Y, Yu K, Zhuang J. M1 Microglia-derived Exosomes Promote Activation of Resting Microglia and Amplifies Proangiogenic Effects through Irf1/miR-155-5p/Socs1 Axis in the Retina. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1791-1812. [PMID: 37063422 PMCID: PMC10092772 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia plays a key role in the development of neovascular retinal diseases. Therefore, it is essential to reveal its pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms to interfere with disease progression. Here a publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset is used to identify that intercellular communications from M1 microglia toward M0 microglia are increased in the retinal angiogenesis model via exosomes. Moreover, the results both in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that M1 microglia-derived exosomes promote the activation and enhance the proangiogenic ability of resting microglia. Based on miRNA sequencing of exosomes combined with gene interference, further results show that activated microglia-derived exosomes promoted microglial activation by transmitting polarized signals to M0 microglia via miR-155-5p. Subsequently, miR-155-5p suppresses Socs1 and activates the NFκB pathway, which ultimately causes the inflammatory cascade and amplifies the proangiogenic effect. In addition, upregulated Irf1 drives the expression of miR-155-5p in activated microglia, thus leading to an increase in the tendency of miR-155-5p to be encapsulated by exosomes. Thus, this study elucidates the critical role of intercellular communication among various types of microglia in the complex retinal microenvironment during angiogenesis, and contributes to the novel, targeted, and potential therapeutic strategies for clinical retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zedu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Keming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jing Zhuang (), and Keming Yu ()
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Jing Zhuang (), and Keming Yu ()
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Chen Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Han J, Chen F, Tong X, Ma H. Fra-1 induces apoptosis and neuroinflammation by targeting S100A8 to modulate TLR4 pathways in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13113. [PMID: 36634215 PMCID: PMC9836372 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is a severe complication driven by apoptosis and neuroinflammation. An increase in the expression of c-Fos, a member of the AP-1 family, is known as a neuronal activation marker in SCII. The AP-1 family is composed of Jun, Fos, and is associated with the regulation of cytokines expression and apoptosis. Fra-1 is a member of the Fos family, however, the contribution of Fra-1 to SCII is still unclear. In our study, Fra-1 was highly upregulated especially in neurons and microglia and promoted apoptosis by changing the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 after SCII. Furthermore, we found that Fra-1 directly regulated the transcription expression of S100A8. We demonstrated that knockdown of Fra-1 alleviated S100A8 mediated neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory factor release, thus improved motor function after SCII. Interestingly, we showed that administration of TAK-242, the TLR4 inhibitor, to the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced rats suppressed the activation of the ERK and NF-κB pathways, and further reduced Fra-1 expression. In conclusion, we found that Fra-1-targeted S100A8 was expressed the upstream of Fra-1, and the Fra-1/S100A8 interaction formed a feedback loop in the signaling pathways activated by SCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zai‐Li Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Jie Han
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Feng‐Shou Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xiang‐Yi Tong
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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Fei‐Sun Y, Huang M, Qin H, Campos de SouzaHan S, Xue H, Wang Y, Wang Y. Protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on neurological function in rats with HIE. IBRAIN 2022; 8:500-515. [PMID: 37786586 PMCID: PMC10528772 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of neonatal death and disability, which can lead to long-term neurological and motor dysfunction. Currently, inhalation anesthetics are widely used in surgery, and some studies have found that isoflurane (ISO) may have a positive effect on neuroprotection. In this paper, we investigated whether ISO pretreatment has a neuroprotective effect on the neurological function of HIE rats. Here, 7-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) group, and an ISO pretreatment (pretreatment) group. The pretreatment group was pretreated with 2% ISO for 1 h, followed by the HI group to establish an HI animal model. The HI‑induced neurological injury was evaluated by Zea‑Longa scores and triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining. Neuronal number and histomorphological changes were observed with Nissl staining and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. In addition, motor learning memory function was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM), the Y-maze, and the rotarod tests. HI induced severe neurological dysfunction, brain infarction, and cell apoptosis as well as obvious neuron loss in neonatal rats. In the MWM, the rats in the pretreatment group showed a decrease in escape latency (p = 0.042), indicating that pretreatment with ISO could improve the learning ability of HI rats. The results of Nissl staining showed that in the HI group, there was an irregular arrangement of neurons and nuclear fixation; however, the cell damage was significantly reduced and the total number of neurons was increased after ISO pretreatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ISO pretreatment improved cognitive function and attenuated HI-induced reduction of Nissl-positive cells and spatial memory impairment, suggesting that pretreatment with ISO before HI modeling could reduce neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fei‐Sun
- Institute of Neurological Disease, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Center for Epigenetics and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kennedy Krieger InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Hao‐Yue Qin
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Senio Campos de SouzaHan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Han Xue
- School of Basic Medical SciencesJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Yu‐Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Yi‐Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
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Zhang K, Li P, Jia Y, Liu M, Jiang J. Non-coding RNA and n6-methyladenosine modification play crucial roles in neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1002018. [PMID: 36466810 PMCID: PMC9716653 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, pain signals are transmitted from primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to the central nervous system. Epigenetic modification affects neuropathic pain through alterations in the gene expression in pain-related areas and glial cell activation. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNA and n6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification play pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Dysregulation of the RNA m6A level via dynamic changes in methyltransferase and demethylase after central or peripheral nerve injury commonly regulates pain-associated genes, contributing to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The dynamic process has significant implications for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms by which non-coding RNA and m6A RNA modification regulate neuropathic pain are not well-characterized. This article elucidates the multiple mechanisms of non-coding RNA and m6A methylation in the context of neuropathic pain, and summarizes its potential functions as well as recent advances.
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Song N, Song R, Ma P. MiR-340-5p alleviates neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via suppressing STING in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2687. [PMID: 35957622 PMCID: PMC9480905 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe acute neurological disorder. SAH causes neuroinflammation and leads to early brain injury (EBI) and secondary injury. MicroRNAs are crucial regulators in a variety of neurological diseases. This study was performed to decipher how miR-340-5p functions in SAH. METHODS An experimental mouse model with SAH was established by the intravascular perforation, and the in vitro SAH model was constructed by exposing cocultured primary neurons and microglia to oxyhemoglobin. After overexpression of miR-340-5p in mice, the neurobehavioral disorders were evaluated by Garcia test; brain edema was evaluated by wet-dry method; blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage was detected with Evan's blue staining; levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After miR-340-5p was transfected in to microglia, Iba-1 expression was detected by Western blot, and neuronal apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry. The targeting relationship between miR-340-5p and STING was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS MiR-340-5p was significantly inhibited in the brain tissues of mice with SAH and microglia of SAH model, and neurological impairment, brain edema, BBB injury, and neuroinflammation were significantly alleviated in mice after overexpressing miR-340-5p. STING was identified as a target of miR-340-5p, and STING overexpression could counteract the effects of miR-340-5p overexpression on neurons. CONCLUSION MiR-340-5p can attenuate EBI caused by SAH-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Department of Emergency, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Oral Medicine, Lanzhou University Dental Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peiliang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou PLA 96604 Military Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Chen A, Chen X, Deng J, Wei J, Qian H, Huang Y, Wu S, Gao F, Gong C, Liao Y, Zheng X. Dexmedetomidine alleviates olfactory cognitive dysfunction by promoting neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:983920. [PMID: 36059991 PMCID: PMC9437207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.983920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of neurological dysfunction in neonates. Olfactory cognitive function is important for feeding, the ability to detect hazardous situations and social relationships. However, only a few studies have investigated olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonates with HIBD; furthermore, the specific mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been reported that neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) is linked to olfactory cognitive function. Recently, dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to provide neuroprotection in neonates following HIBD. In the present study, we investigated whether DEX could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats following HIBD and attempted to determine the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We induced HIBD in rats using the Rice–Vannucci model, and DEX (25 μg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately after the induction of HIBD. Next, we used triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the Zea-longa score to assess the success of modelling. The levels of BDNF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect microglial activation and microglial M1/M2 polarization as well as to evaluate the extent of neurogenesis in the SVZ. To evaluate the olfactory cognitive function, the rats in each group were raised until post-natal days 28–35; then, we performed the buried food test and the olfactory memory test. Results: Analysis showed that HIBD induced significant brain infarction, neurological deficits, and olfactory cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that DEX treatment significantly improved olfactory cognitive dysfunction in rat pups with HIBD. DEX treatment also increased the number of newly formed neuroblasts (BrdU/DCX) and neurons (BrdU/NeuN) in the SVZ by increasing the expression of BDNF in rat pups with HIBD. Furthermore, analysis showed that the neurogenic effects of DEX were possibly related to the inhibition of inflammation and the promotion of M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, DEX treatment could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats with HIBD by promoting neurogenesis in the SVZ and enhancing the expression of BDNF in the microglia. It was possible associated that DEX inhibited neuroinflammation and promoted M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of “Belt and Road”, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Zheng,
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Yue J, Shi Y, Xiao B, Xiao W, Luo Z. Non-coding RNAs: The Neuroinflammatory Regulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929290. [PMID: 36034298 PMCID: PMC9414873 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common indication of nervous system diseases, neuroinflammation has attracted more and more attention, especially in the process of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Two types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widely involved in the process of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, namely long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, no research has systematically summarized that lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate neurodegenerative diseases through neuroinflammatory mechanisms. In this study, we summarize four main mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs involved in neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, including the imbalance between proinflammatory and neuroprotective cells in microglia and astrocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory mediators. We hope to clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs and miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases and provide new insights into the etiological treatment of neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Yue
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbiao Xiao
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Zhaohui Luo
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Li YT, Li CX, Huang CJ, Wen QY, Deng SM, Zhu LP, Liu ZF, Chen ZG. Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: Impact on Prognosis of Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis. J Trop Pediatr 2022; 68:6665809. [PMID: 35962981 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical data with respect to the impact of meconium on the prognosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis are scarce. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) represents a risk factor for poor prognosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis in a confirmed case population. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 256 neonates diagnosed with bacterial meningitis hospitalized at one of three hospitals in Shantou, China, between October 2013 and September 2018. Clinical manifestation, laboratory test results and treatment were compared between the two groups, with outcomes dichotomized into 'good' or 'poor' prognosis. Multivariate analysis and follow-up logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictive factors of a poor outcome. RESULTS Of the 256 neonates with BM, 95 (37.1%) had a good prognosis at discharge and 161 (62.9%) had a poor prognosis. In the poor prognosis group, 131/161 (79.4%) neonates had a permanent neurological sequelae and 19 (11.8%) had ≥2 sequelae. Of note, 11 neonates died. The rate of poor prognosis of BM was significantly higher among neonates with than without MSAF (26.1% vs. 12.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). A logistic multivariate analysis to evaluate the prognostic effect of MSAF to BM showed that neonatal with MSAF is more likely to have a worse prognosis of BM [unadjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-5.10; adjusted OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.09-5.17]. CONCLUSION MSAF is significantly associated with poor prognosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Therefore, in case of MSAF, more attention should be paid to neonatal bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Jun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Qian-Yu Wen
- Clinical Data Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Min Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Liu
- Clinical Data Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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