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Jin Y, Cai Q, Wang L, Ji J, Sun Y, Jiang J, Wang C, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhao L, Qi F, Yu B, Zhang J. Paracrine activin B-NF-κB signaling shapes an inflammatory tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer via fibroblast reprogramming. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:269. [PMID: 37858201 PMCID: PMC10585924 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important roles of INHBB in various malignancies are increasingly identified. The underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment are still greatly unexplored. METHODS The clinical significance of INHBB and the correlation between INHBB and p-p65 in GC were assessed through analyzing publicly available databases and human paraffin embedded GC tissues. The biological crosstalk of INHBB between GC cells and fibroblasts was explored both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analyses were performed to determine the mechanisms which regulating fibroblasts reprogramming. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay were used to verify the binding relationship of p65 and INHBB in GC cells. RESULTS Our study showed that INHBB level was significantly higher in GC, and that increased INHBB was associated with poor survival. INHBB positively regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro. Also, activin B promotes the occurrence of GC by reprogramming fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The high expression of INHBB in GC cells activates the NF-κB pathway of normal gastric fibroblasts by secreting activin B, and promotes fibroblasts proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, activin B activates NF-κB pathway by controlling TRAF6 autoubiquitination to induce TAK1 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts activated by activin B can induce the activation of p65 phosphorylation of GC cells by releasing pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β. p65 can directly bind to the INHBB promoter and increase the INHBB transcription of GC cells, thus establishing a positive regulatory feedback loop to promote the progression of GC. CONCLUSIONS GC cells p65/INHBB/activin B and fibroblasts p65/IL-1β signal loop led to the formation of a whole tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment, which might be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbing Jin
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingquan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Benyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Yan F, Zhang H, Yuan X, Wang X, Li M, Fan Y, He Y, Jia Z, Han L, Liu Z. Comparison of the different monosodium urate crystals in the preparation process and pro-inflammation. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:39. [PMID: 37553684 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within synovial joints and tissues is the initiating factor for gout arthritis. Thus, MSU crystals are a vital tool for studying gout's molecular mechanism in animal and cellular models. This study mainly compared the excellence and worseness of MSU crystals prepared by different processes and the degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. METHODS MSU crystals were prepared using neutralization, alkali titration, and acid titration methods. The crystals' shape, length, quality, and uniformity were observed by polarized light microscopy and calculated by the software Image J. The foot pad and air pouch models were used to assess the different degrees of inflammation induced by the MSU crystals prepared by the three different methods at different time points. Paw swelling was evaluated by caliper. In air pouch lavage fluid, inflammatory cell recruitment was measured by hemocytometer, and the level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 by ELISA. Inflammatory cell infiltration was assayed by immunohistochemistry of air pouch synovial slices. RESULTS For the preparation of MSU crystals with the same uric acid, the quantity acquired by the alkalization method was highest, followed by neutralization, with the acid titration method being the lowest. The crystals prepared by neutralization were the longest. The swelling index of the foot pad induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other methods at 24 h. The inflammatory cell recruitment and level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 in air pouch lavage fluid were lowest in animals with crystals prepared by acid titration. IL-1β secretion induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, but there was no significant difference in IL-18 secretion between the three groups in THP-1 macrophages and BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS All three methods can successfully prepare MSU crystals, but the levels of inflammation induced by the crystals prepared by the three methods were not identical. The degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals prepared by neutralization and alkalization is greater than by acid titration, but the quantity of MSU crystals obtained by the alkalization method is higher and less time-consuming. Apparently, the window of inflammation triggered by acid titration preparation is shorter compared to other forms of crystal preparation. Overall, MSU crystals prepared by the alkaline method should be recommended for studying the molecular mechanisms of gout in animal and cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Maichao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youlin Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaotong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- , No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- , No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.
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Liu W, Peng J, Wu Y, Ye Z, Zong Z, Wu R, Li H. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of gout: An update. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110466. [PMID: 37311355 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an autoimmune disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation and damage to bone joints induced due to the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In recent years, with the continuous development of animal models and ongoing clinical investigations, more immune cells and inflammatory factors have been found to play roles in gouty inflammation. The inflammatory network involved in gout has been discovered, providing a new perspective from which to develop targeted therapy for gouty inflammation. Studies have shown that neutrophil macrophages and T lymphocytes play important roles in the pathogenesis and resolution of gout, and some inflammatory cytokines, such as those in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, have been shown to play anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory roles in gouty inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying their roles are unclear. In this review, we explore the roles of inflammatory cytokines, inflammasomes and immune cells in the course of gout development and the research status of therapeutic drugs used for inflammation to provide insights into future targeted therapy for gouty inflammation and the direction of gout pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Zuxiang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China.
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Tao H, Mo Y, Liu W, Wang H. A review on gout: Looking back and looking ahead. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109977. [PMID: 37012869 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals inside joints, which leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Increased concentration of serum urate is an essential step in the development of gout. Serum urate is regulated by urate transporters in the kidney and intestine, especially GLUT9 (SLC2A9), URAT1 (SLC22A12) and ABCG. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome bodies and subsequent release of IL-1β by monosodium urate crystals induce the crescendo of acute gouty arthritis, while neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered to drive the self-resolving of gout within a few days. If untreated, acute gout may eventually develop into chronic tophaceous gout characterized by tophi, chronic gouty synovitis, and structural joint damage, leading the crushing burden of treatment. Although the research on the pathological mechanism of gout has been gradually deepened in recent years, many clinical manifestations of gout are still unable to be fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the molecular pathological mechanism behind various clinical manifestations of gout, with a view to making contributions to further understanding and treatment.
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Klück V, Cabău G, Mies L, Bukkems F, van Emst L, Bakker R, van Caam A, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. TGF-β is elevated in hyperuricemic individuals and mediates urate-induced hyperinflammatory phenotype in human mononuclear cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:30. [PMID: 36850003 PMCID: PMC9969669 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble urate leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in human monocytes characterized by increased production of IL-1β and downregulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist, the mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Previous transcriptomic data identified differential expression of genes in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway in monocytes exposed to urate in vitro. In this study, we explore the role of TGF-β in urate-induced hyperinflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS TGF-β mRNA in unstimulated PBMCs and protein levels in plasma were measured in individuals with normouricemia, hyperuricemia and gout. For in vitro validation, PBMCs of healthy volunteers were isolated and treated with a dose ranging concentration of urate for assessment of mRNA and pSMAD2. Urate and TGF-β priming experiments were performed with three inhibitors of TGF-β signalling: SB-505124, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol and a blocking antibody against TGF-β receptor II. RESULTS TGF-β mRNA levels were elevated in gout patients compared to healthy controls. TGF-β-LAP levels in serum were significantly higher in individuals with hyperuricemia compared to controls. In both cases, TGF-β correlated positively to serum urate levels. In vitro, urate exposure of PBMCs did not directly induce TGF-β but did enhance SMAD2 phosphorylation. The urate-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes was partly reversed by blocking TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β is elevated in individuals with hyperuricemia and correlated to serum urate concentrations. In addition, the urate-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in human monocytes is mediated by TGF-β signalling. Future studies are warranted to explore the intracellular pathways involved and to assess the clinical significance of urate-TGF-β relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Linda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bukkems
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Emst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René Bakker
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Caam
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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Wang J, Hu Y, Liu P, Xu X. Xanthine oxidoreductase mediates genotoxic drug-induced autophagy and apoptosis resistance by uric acid accumulation and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22723. [PMID: 36583708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process that profoundly impacts the efficacy of genotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates several signaling pathways involved in inducing autophagy and suppressing cell death. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the purine catabolism pathway. Recent studies showed that uric acid can bind to TAK1 and prolong its activation. We hypothesized that genotoxic drugs may induce autophagy and apoptosis resistance by activating TAK1 through XOR-generated uric acid. Here, we report that gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), two genotoxic drugs, induced autophagy in HeLa and HT-29 cells by activating TAK1 and its two downstream kinases, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK). XOR knockdown and the XOR inhibitor allopurinol blocked gemcitabine-induced TAK1, JNK, AMPK, and Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)S555 phosphorylation and gemcitabine-induced autophagy. Inhibition of the ATM-Chk pathway, which inhibits genotoxic drug-induced uric acid production, blocked gemcitabine-induced autophagy by inhibiting TAK1 activation. Exogenous uric acid in its salt form, monosodium urate (MSU), induced autophagy by activating TAK1 and its downstream kinases JNK and AMPK. Gene knockdown or the inhibitors of these kinases blocked gemcitabine- and MSU-induced autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by allopurinol, chloroquine, and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z), a TAK1-specific inhibitor, enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of XOR in regulating genotoxic drug-induced autophagy and apoptosis and has implications for designing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penggang Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Achudhan D, Liu SC, Lin YY, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Ko CY, Chiang IP, Kuo YH, Tang CH. Antcin K Inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts and Ameliorates Cartilage Degradation: Implications for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790925. [PMID: 34975889 PMCID: PMC8714747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Taiwan’s traditional medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea, exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in cellular and preclinical studies. However, this paper is the first to report that Antcin K, a triterpenoid isolated from A. cinnamomea, inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), which are major players in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. In our analysis of the mechanism of action, Antcin K inhibited the expression of three cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β] and IL-8) in human RASFs; cytokines that are crucial to RA synovial inflammation. Notably, incubation of RASFs with Antcin K reduced the phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascades, all of which promote cytokine production in RA. Intraperitoneal injections of Antcin K (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) attenuated paw swelling, cartilage degradation and bone erosion, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice; in further experiments, IL-6 levels were similarly reduced. The inhibitory effects of Antcin K upon TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 expression in human RASFs was achieved through the downregulation of the FAK, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB signaling cascades. Our data support clinical investigations using Antcin K in RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Achudhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Chiang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Wang J, Liu K, Xiao T, Liu P, Prinz RA, Xu X. Uric acid accumulation in DNA-damaged tumor cells induces NKG2D ligand expression and antitumor immunity by activating TGF-β-activated kinase 1. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2016159. [PMID: 35154904 PMCID: PMC8837239 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2016159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage by genotoxic drugs such as gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activates the ataxia telangiectasia, mutated (ATM)-Chk pathway and induces the expression of NKG2D ligands such as the MHC class I-related chain A and B (MICA/B). The mechanisms underlying this remain incompletely understood. Here we report that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a rate-limiting enzyme that produces uric acid in the purine catabolism pathway, promotes DNA damage-induced MICA/B expression. Inhibition of the ATM-Chk pathway blocks genotoxic drug-induced uric acid production, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation, ERK phosphorylation, and MICA/B expression. Inhibition of uric acid production by the XOR inhibitor allopurinol blocks DNA damage-induced TAK1 activation and MICA/B expression in genotoxic drug-treated cells. Exogenous uric acid activates TAK1, NF-κB, and the MAP kinase pathway. TAK1 inhibition blocks gemcitabine- and uric acid-induced MAP kinase activation and MICA/B expression. Exogenous uric acid in its salt form, monosodium urate (MSU), induces MICA/B expression and sensitizes tumor cells to NK cell killing. MSU immunization with irradiated murine breast cancer cell line RCAS-Neu retards breast cancer growth in syngeneic breast cancer models and delays breast cancer development in a somatic breast cancer model. Our study suggests that uric acid accumulation plays an important role in activating TAK1, inducing DNA damage-induced MICA/B expression, and enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Penggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Richard A. Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Il USA
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9
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Singh AK, Haque M, Madarampalli B, Shi Y, Wildman BJ, Basit A, Khuder SA, Prasad B, Hassan Q, Ahmed S, Ouseph MM. Ets-2 Propagates IL-6 Trans-Signaling Mediated Osteoclast-Like Changes in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746503. [PMID: 34795667 PMCID: PMC8593237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) contribute to synovial inflammation and bone destruction by producing a pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the molecular mechanisms through which IL-6 propels RASFs to contribute to bone loss are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6/IL-6R)-induced trans-signaling in human RASFs. IL-6 trans-signaling caused a significant increase in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive staining in RASFs and enhanced pit formation by ~3-fold in the osteogenic surface in vitro. IL-6/IL-6R caused dose-dependent increase in expression and nuclear translocation of transcription factor Ets2, which correlated with the expression of osteoclast-specific signature proteins RANKL, cathepsin B (CTSB), and cathepsin K (CTSK) in RASFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of CTSB and CTSK promoters showed direct Ets2 binding and transcriptional activation upon IL-6/IL-6R stimulation. Knockdown of Ets2 significantly inhibited IL-6/IL-6R-induced RANKL, CTSB, and CTSK expression and TRAP staining in RASFs and suppressed markers of RASF invasive phenotype such as Thy1 and podoplanin (PDPN). Mass spectrometry analysis of the secretome identified 113 proteins produced by RASFs uniquely in response to IL-6/IL-6R that bioinformatically predicted its impact on metabolic reprogramming towards an osteoclast-like phenotype. These findings identified the role of Ets2 in IL-6 trans-signaling induced molecular reprogramming of RASFs to osteoclast-like cells and may contribute to RASF heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Bhanupriya Madarampalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Benjamin J Wildman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Sadik A Khuder
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Quamarul Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Luisetto R, Sfriso P, Ramonda R, Scanu A, Oliviero F. Regulation of crystal induced inflammation: current understandings and clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:773-787. [PMID: 34053376 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1937129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulation of abnormal crystals in the body, derived from endogenous or exogenous materials can drive a wide spectrum of inflammatory disease states. It is well established that intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophoshate (CPP) crystals contributes to joint destruction through pro-inflammatory processes.Areas covered: This review will focus on current understanding and recent novelty about the mechanisms and the clinical implications of the inflammation induced by MSU and CPP crystals.Expert opinion: Advances in molecular biology reveal that at the base of the inflammatory cascade, stimulated by MSU or CPP crystals, there are many complex cellular mechanisms mainly involving the NLRP3 inflammasome, the hallmark of autoinflammatory syndromes. The extensive studies carried out through in vitro and in vivo models along with a better clinical definition of the disease has led to an optimized use of existing drugs and the introduction of novel therapeutic strategies. In particular, the identification of IL-1 as the most important target in gout and pseudogout has made it possible to expand the pharmacological indications of anti-IL-1 biological drugs, opening new therapeutic perspectives for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Small molecules targeting ubiquitination to control inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2414-2422. [PMID: 33992766 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins govern signal transduction in every aspect of physiology and pathology, especially in cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Rapid progress has been made in obtaining an in-depth understanding of the ubiquitination system since its first discovery during the 1970s. Manipulation of ubiquitination by small molecules is considered a novel therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize key applications of small molecules targeting ubiquitination enzymes and currently available technologies applied to the discovery of small molecules that control ubiquitination.
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12
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Jiang S, Wu Y, Wu S, Ye S, Kong R, Chang J, Xia M, Bao J, Peng X, Hong X, Qian Z, Li H. Silencing TAK1 reduces MAPKs-MMP2/9 expression to reduce inflammation-driven neurohistological disruption post spinal cord injury. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:96. [PMID: 33966042 PMCID: PMC8106686 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation post traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) provokes accumulation of inflammatory metabolites, leading to increasing neurological disruption. Our previous studies demonstrated that blocking MAPKs pathway mitigated microglia inflammatory activation and prevented cords from neuroinflammation-induced secondary injury. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is an upstream gate regulating activation of MAPKs signaling. To validate the therapeutic effect of TAK1 inhibition in neuroinflammation post SCI, in the current study, cultures of microglia BV2 line was undergone lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the presence of TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (ZO), LPS, or control. LPS triggered inflammatory level, cell migration, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9 production, which was reduced in ZO-treated cultures. TAK1 inhibition by ZO also decreased activation of MAPKs pathway, indicating that ZO-mediated alleviation of neuroinflammation is likely modulated via TAK1/MAPKs axis. In vivo, neuroinflammatory level and tissue destruction were assessed in adult male mice that were undergone SCI by mechanical trauma, and treated with ZO by intraperitoneal injection. Compared with SCI mice, ZO-treated mice exhibited less microglia pro-inflammatory activation and accumulation adjacent to injured core linked to reduced MMP2/9 expression, leading to minor tissue damage and better locomotor recovery. To sum up, the obtained data proved that in the early phase post SCI, TAK1 inhibition impedes microglia biological activities including activation, enzymatic synthesis, and migration via downregulation of MAPKs pathway, and the effects may be accurately characterized as potent anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suhui Ye
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Bao
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.
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13
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Haque M, Singh AK, Ouseph MM, Ahmed S. Regulation of Synovial Inflammation and Tissue Destruction by Guanylate Binding Protein 5 in Synovial Fibroblasts From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rats With Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:943-954. [PMID: 33615742 DOI: 10.1002/art.41611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) are crucial mediators of synovial inflammation and joint destruction. However, their intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanisms under chronic inflammation remain unclear. Thus, the present study was undertaken to understand the role of a newly identified GTPase, guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP-5), in RA pathogenesis. METHODS The expression of GBP1-GBP7 transcripts was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in RA synovial tissue or synovial tissue unaffected by RA. Our investigation on transient small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and lentiviral overexpression in human RASFs examined the regulatory role of GBP-5 on proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways. Unbiased whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis was used to assess the impact of GBP-5 on RASF molecular functions. These findings were confirmed using a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in vivo. RESULTS Among different GBPs evaluated, GBP-5 was selectively up-regulated in RA synovial tissue (P < 0.05; n = 4) and in the joints of rats with AIA (P < 0.05; n = 6) and was significantly induced in human RASFs by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and/or interferon-γ (IFNγ) (P < 0.05; n = 3). Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data identified cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling as a major function altered by GBP-5, with IL-6 signaling as a primary target. Knockdown of GBP-5 amplified IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8, and epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78/CXCL5 production by 44%, 54%, 45%, respectively, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) production by several-fold-effects that reversed with exogenously delivered GBP-5. Lack of GBP-5 increased IFNγ-induced proliferation and migration of human RASFs. GBP-5 knockdown in vivo using intraarticular siRNA exacerbated disease onset, severity, synovitis, and bone destruction in rat AIA. CONCLUSION Expressed by RASFs in response to cytokine stimulation, GBP-5 has potential to restore cellular homeostasis and blunt inflammation and tissue destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil K Singh
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane
| | - Madhu M Ouseph
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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14
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EGCG, a Green Tea Catechin, as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051200. [PMID: 33668085 PMCID: PMC7956763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged to be the greatest threat to humanity in the modern world and has claimed nearly 2.2 million lives worldwide. The United States alone accounts for more than one fourth of 100 million COVID-19 cases across the globe. Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has begun, its efficacy in preventing a new or repeat COVID-19 infection in immunized individuals is yet to be determined. Calls for repurposing of existing, approved, drugs that target the inflammatory condition in COVID-19 are growing. Our initial gene ontology analysis predicts a similarity between SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory and immune dysregulation and the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, many of the drugs related to rheumatoid arthritis have been found to be lifesaving and contribute to lower COVID-19 morbidity. We also performed in silico investigation of binding of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a well-known catechin, and other catechins on viral proteins and identified papain-like protease protein (PLPro) as a binding partner. Catechins bind to the S1 ubiquitin-binding site of PLPro, which might inhibit its protease function and abrogate SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory function on ubiquitin proteasome system and interferon stimulated gene system. In the realms of addressing inflammation and how to effectively target SARS-CoV-2 mediated respiratory distress syndrome, we review in this article the available knowledge on the strategic placement of EGCG in curbing inflammatory signals and how it may serve as a broad spectrum therapeutic in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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15
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yang Y, Jia Y, Ning Y, Wen W, Qin Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Li L, Jiao X, Yang Y, Liu G, Huang M, Zhang M. TAK1-AMPK Pathway in Macrophages Regulates Hypothyroid Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:599-612. [PMID: 32495070 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism (HT) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis (AS). The efficacy of traditional strategies of hypothyroid AS remains controversial. Here, we aimed to deepen the understanding of the HT-induced acceleration of AS, to decrease the residual risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to find a new therapeutic target. METHODS We collected peripheral venous blood samples from 20 patients and divided them into 4 groups, namely, the normal group, the HT group, the CAD group and the HT + CAD group. Then we performed mRNA microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis to screen the differentially expressed genes and pathways, and we also conducted validations on ApoE knockout mice models and Raw264.7 cell models. RESULTS In short, (1) in the analysis between the CAD group and the HT + CAD group, we found a total of 1218 differentially expressed genes, 11 upregulated pathways and 40 downregulated pathways. (2) We validated that patients with HT and CAD had a significantly decreased expression of MAP3K7 (encoding transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1, TAK1) gene than normal subjects. (3) In animal and cell experiments, we found the decreased expression of TAK1 and the reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under the hypothyroid and atherosclerotic condition. (4) Changes in the expressions of TAK1 may affect the progression of AS. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that the accelerated AS in hypothyroid patients may be due to the suppression of TAK1-AMPK pathway in macrophages. This new finding may become a novel therapeutic target in hypothyroid AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wanwan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linyi Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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17
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Collison J. MSU crystals at-TAK! Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:638. [PMID: 31570829 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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