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Jian Y, Chen T, Yang Z, Xiang G, Xu K, Wang Y, Zhao N, He L, Liu Q, Li M. Small regulatory RNA RSaX28 promotes virulence by reinforcing the stability of RNAIII in community-associated ST398 clonotype Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341972. [PMID: 38597192 PMCID: PMC11034457 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a notorious pathogen that cause metastatic or complicated infections. Hypervirulent ST398 clonotype strains, remarkably increased in recent years, dominated Community-associated S. aureus (CA-SA) infections in the past decade in China. Small RNAs like RNAIII have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating the virulence of S. aureus, however, the regulatory roles played by many of these sRNAs in the ST398 clonotype strains are still unclear. Through transcriptome screening and combined with knockout phenotype analysis, we have identified a highly transcribed sRNA, RSaX28, in the ST398 clonotype strains. Sequence analysis revealed that RSaX28 is highly conserved in the most epidemic clonotypes of S. aureus, but its high transcription level is particularly prominent in the ST398 clonotype strains. Characterization of RSaX28 through RACE and Northern blot revealed its length to be 533nt. RSaX28 is capable of promoting the hemolytic ability, reducing biofilm formation capacity, and enhancing virulence of S. aureus in the in vivo murine infection model. Through IntaRNA prediction and EMSA validation, we found that RSaX28 can specifically interact with RNAIII, promoting its stability and positively regulating the translation of downstream alpha-toxin while inhibiting the translation of Sbi, thereby regulating the virulence and biofilm formation capacity of the ST398 clonotype strains. RSaX28 is an important virulence regulatory factor in the ST398 clonotype S. aureus and represents a potential important target for future treatment and immune intervention against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Ruan F, Chang G, Lü Z, Tian L, Ji H, Zhou T, Wang X. Genotypic diversity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene (seb) and its association with molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from retail food. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 408:110444. [PMID: 37862853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the expression pattern of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food and the genotypic diversity of SEB-encoding gene in association with molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus, 498 isolates from retail food were screened for seb gene and detected for SEB production in S. aureus. In addition, the seb nucleotide sequences, virulence genes, resistance genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of S. aureus were examined. A total of 45 (9.0 %) seb-positive S. aureus strains were identified, all of which expressed SEB. The detection rate of SEB-production strains was significantly higher from dairy-related sources than those from other sources (P < 0.05). In vitro simulations showed that S. aureus could grow and express SEB in both milk and pork, with SEB expression exceeding 20 ng/g after 1 day of storage at room temperature. There were 2 distinct SEB genotyping (SEB1 and SEB2) in the SEB amino acid sequences of the 45 isolates, including 4 amino acid differences (Ala-13Val, Ser14Ala, Asn192Ser, and Met222Leu). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in SEB production between SEB1 and SEB2 genotyping strains. Based on MLST clustering analysis, the same molecular type strains were found to have the same SEB genotyping, virulence gene profile, resistance gene profile and drug resistance profile. Among them, the dominant molecular types of SEB1 and SEB2 strains were CC1-ST188-t189 and CC59-ST59-t437, respectively. Compared to the CC1-ST188-t189 clonal strain, the CC59-ST59-t437 clonal strain carried a higher number of virulence and resistance genes and exhibited a broader resistance profile. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of the strains and their expression patterns in food can be effective in preventing food poisoning incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fuqian Ruan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guanhong Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zexun Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Jia K, Qin X, Bu X, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Z, Dong Q. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai, China. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100669. [PMID: 38226140 PMCID: PMC10788225 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus in ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits and vegetables in Shanghai, China. We evaluated antibiotic resistance patterns and genetic diversity of isolates through whole genome sequencing. Our findings demonstrated that out of 143 market samples, 47 (32.87%) tested positive for S. aureus, with the prevalence rates ranging from 10% to 57.14% among 12 types of RTE fruits and vegetables. Most isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, oxacillin, and ampicillin. We identified a total of 15 antibiotic resistance genes associated with resistance to 6 antibiotics, such as fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam. Adhesion genes and enterotoxin genes, including icaA, icaB, icaC, set, seg, and sec, were also identified. Seven multi-locus sequence types (MLST) were detected, two of which were novel (ST7208 and ST7986). Notably, ST705-t529 (34.04%) and ST6-t701 (27.79%) represented the predominant types of S. aureus. Furthermore, three of the isolates were confirmed to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus by mecA genes. Taken together, our results highlight the high prevalence of S. aureus in RTE fruits and vegetables, posing a potential threat to food safety, particularly due to its high level of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiangfeng Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
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Rong D, Liu Z, Huang J, Zhang F, Wu Q, Dai J, Li Y, Zhao M, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu S. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus isolated from rice and flour products in Guangdong, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110348. [PMID: 37573713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus have been implicated in food poisoning outbreaks, and have been found in various types of food products according to our previous study. Rice and flour products are popular and widely consumed around the world. However, limited data are available on the microbial safety of S. aureus in rice and flour products, and S. argenteus has never been reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the contamination of S. aureus and S. argenteus in 250 fresh rice and flour product samples from five cities in Guangdong, China. According to qualitative and quantitative analyses, 68 (27.2 %) and 11 (4.4 %) samples were positive for S. aureus and S. argenteus, including 9 samples that exceeded 100 MPN/g. For antibiotics susceptibility tests in 16 antibiotics, the S. aureus isolates exhibited higher rates of resistance and multidrug resistance than S. argenteus. The S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates were mainly resistant to penicillin (70.21 %; 79.17 %), tetracycline (20.21 %; 58.33 %) and azithromycin (19.68 %, 8.33 %). However, the other antibiotic resistance rates were <10 %. Furthermore, the genetic background of the isolates was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). As a result, the S. aureus isolates were divided into 18 known sequence types (STs) and 4 novel STs (ST7675, ST7679, ST7680 and ST7682), which mainly belonged to ST188 (20.6 %) and ST6 (14.7 %). The S. argenteus isolates mainly belonged to ST2250 (90.9 %), with a novel type (ST7683). In total, 36 and 16 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were found in S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates, respectively. In addition, 91 virulence genes (VFs) were detected in S. aureus isolates as well as 90 % of core VFs were similar to S. argenteus. More than 20 % of the S. aureus isolates carried the classic enterotoxin gene (sea-sec), but chp, cna and map were free in all S. argenteus isolates. Importantly, 33.8 % of S. aureus isolates belonged to the immune evasion cluster (IEC) type B, whereas most of S. argenteus isolates (90.9 %) belong to IEC type E. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates in fresh rice and flour products may indicate loss or acquisition of ARGs and VFs to survive and adapt to the environment. Our study confirmed the presence of S. argenteus in rice and flour products at first and focused on the multi-dimensional systematic comparative analysis of S. aureus and S. argenteus to reveal their ubiquity and similarities or differences, and provide more accurate and effective basic information for follow-up monitoring and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jingsha Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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Liu H, Ji X, Wang H, Hou X, Sun H, Billington C, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang R. Genomic epidemiology and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu, China: emerging broader host tropism strain clones ST59 and ST398. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266715. [PMID: 37808296 PMCID: PMC10556526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is highly pathogenic and can cause disease in both humans and domestic animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic epidemiology of S. aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu Province, China, to identify predominant lineages and their associated genomic and phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we identified 117 S. aureus isolates collected from 1,062 samples in Jiangsu Province between 2021 and 2022. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 117 S. aureus isolates, molecular analyses indicated CC1-ST1 (26.50%, 31/117), CC97-ST97 (18.80%, 22/117), CC398-ST398 (10.26%, 12/117), CC8-ST630 (7.69%, 9/117) and CC59-ST59 (2.56%, 3/117) were the major lineages. The prevalence of mecA-positive strains was 11.11%. Four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) lineages were found, including MRSA-ST59-t172 (n = 3), OS-MRSA-ST398-t011 (n = 1), MRSA-ST630-t2196 (n = 2) and OS-MRSA-ST630-t2196 (n = 7). Phenotypic resistance to penicillin (30.77%, 36/117), ciprofloxacin (17.09%, 20/117) and erythromycin (15.38%, 18/117) was observed which corresponded with resistance genotypes. All of the isolates could produce biofilms, and 38.46% (45/117) of isolates had invasion rates in mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) of greater than 1%. Interestingly, most biofilm-producing and invading isolates harbored ebp-icaA-icaB-icaC-icaR-clfA-clfB-fnbA-fnbB-sdrC-sdrD-sdrE-map-can (27.35%, 32/117) and ebp-icaA-icaB-icaC-icaD-icaR-clfA-clfB-fnbA-fnbB-sdrC-sdrD-sdrE-map (33.33%, 39/117) adherence-associated gene patterns and belonged to lineages CC1 and CC97, respectively. Virulence factor assays showed that 47.01% of the isolates contained at least enterotoxin genes. Isolates harboring the immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes (sea, sak, chp, and scn) were predominantly categorized as STs 464, 398, and 59. IEC-positive ST398 and ST59 isolates contained a very high proportion of virulence genes located on prophages, whereas most IEC-negative ST398 clade isolates carried broad-spectrum drug resistance genes. Meanwhile, the IEC-positive ST398 clade showed a close genetic relationship with isolates from the pork supply chain and hospital surgical site infections. MRSA-ST59 strains showed the closest genetic relationship with an isolate from quick-frozen products. High-risk livestock-associated strains ST398 and MRSA-ST59 were detected in raw milk, indicating a potential public health risk of S. aureus transmission between livestock and humans. Our study highlights the necessity for S. aureus surveillance in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Heye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haichang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Craig Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Breed MW, Perez HL, Otto M, Villaruz AE, Weese JS, Alvord GW, Donohue DE, Washington F, Kramer JA. Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility. Comp Med 2023; 73:134-144. [PMID: 36941053 PMCID: PMC10162382 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant problem for human and animal health and can negatively affect the health status of macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHP) in research colonies. However, few publications provide guidance on the prevalence, genotype, or risk factors for macaques with MRSA and even fewer on how to effectively respond to MRSA once identified in a population. After having a clinical case of MRSA in a rhesus macaque, we sought to determine the MRSA carrier prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of MRSA in a population of research NHPs. Over a 6-wk period in 2015, we collected nasal swabs from 298 NHPs. MRSA was isolated from 28% (n = 83). We then reviewed each macaque's medical record for a variety of variables including animal housing room, sex, age, number of antibiotic courses, number of surgical interventions, and SIV status. Analysis of these data suggests that MRSA carriage is associated with the room location, age of the animal, SIV status, and the number of antibiotic courses. We used multilocus sequence typing and spa typing on a subset of MRSA and MSSA isolates to determine whether the MRSA present in NHPs was comparable with common human strains. Two MRSA sequence types were predominant: ST188 and a novel MRSA genotype, neither of which is a common human isolate in the United States. We subsequently implemented antimicrobial stewardship practices (significantly reducing antimicrobial use) and then resampled the colony in 2018 and found that MRSA carriage had fallen to 9% (26/285). These data suggest that, as in humans, macaques may have a high carrier status of MRSA despite low clinically apparent disease. Implementing strategic antimicrobial stewardship practices resulted in a marked reduction in MRSA carriage in the NHP colony, highlighting the importance of limiting antimicrobial use when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amer E Villaruz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory W Alvord
- Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; and
| | - Duncan E Donohue
- Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; and
| | | | - Joshua A Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
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8
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Zhang H, Cao J, He Z, Zong X, Sun B. Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Hospital in Anhui, China: ST59 Remains a Serious Threat. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:961-976. [PMID: 36814828 PMCID: PMC9940498 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s395220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance and hemolytic phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Anhui, China. Results From August 2021 to January 2022, 214 S. aureus isolates were collected from the Anhui Provincial Hospital. This study identified 117 methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 97 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant isolates was 1.8-fold higher than the average isolates reported in China (53.9% vs 30.5%). S. aureus isolates share identity at five or more of the seven MLST-based housekeeping loci, referred to as the clonal complex (CC). Forty ST types were found in 214 clinical S. aureus isolates, with the most extensive distribution of ST59 and ST6697 typing numbers and higher CC5 detection rates than any other clonal group. (The ST typing is the result of the MLST typing website query.) To detect the virulence of ST types of S. aureus, hemolysis experiments were performed on 214 clinical isolates, and it was concluded that ST59 had a relatively robust hemolytic capacity. Conclusion Anhui S. aureus isolates have unique molecular and antibiotic resistance profiles. The antibiotic resistance profile may be related to the random use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhien He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,School of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Zong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baolin Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,School of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Baolin Sun, Email
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9
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Liu L, Peng H, Zhang N, Li M, Chen Z, Shang W, Hu Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Hu Q, Rao X. Genomic Epidemiology and Phenotypic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from a Tertiary Hospital in Tianjin Municipality, Northern China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0420922. [PMID: 36786628 PMCID: PMC10100870 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04209-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus remains a dangerous pathogen and poses a great threat to public health worldwide. The prevalence of the S. aureus clonotype is temporally and geographically variable. The genomic and phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates in Tianjin, which is among the four big municipalities in China, are unclear. In the present study, 201 nonduplicate S. aureus isolates, including 70 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 131 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected from 2015 to 2021 in a tertiary hospital in Tianjin. Whole-genome sequencing of S. aureus isolates was carried out to investigate bacterial molecular characteristics, genomic phylogeny, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage, and virulence factor gene distribution. The antibiotic resistance profiles, hemolytic activities, and biofilm formation abilities of the S. aureus isolates were also determined. In total, 31 distinct sequence types (STs) and 68 spa types were identified. ST59 (15.9%, 32/201) was the predominant clonotype, followed by ST398 (14.9%, 30/201) and several other major STs (ST1, ST5, ST6, ST22, ST25, ST188, and the newly emerging ST5527). ST59 and ST5527 mainly included MRSA isolates, while ST398 and the other major STs mainly included MSSA isolates. The unique characteristics of the S. aureus isolates belonging to the major STs were determined. ST59 isolates exhibited strong hemolytic activity, and ST398 strains had high biofilm formation capacity, while ST5527 isolates presented the greatest AMR. The genomic epidemiology and phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates determined in this study will help in disease control in nosocomial environments. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium pathogen in tertiary hospitals, which provide rich medical resources. Tianjin is one of the four municipalities in China with a population of more than 13 million. However, the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates in Tianjin are unknown. In this study, the genomic and phenotypic analyses were performed to investigate 201 S. aureus isolates collected from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin over a time span of 6 years. The refined analysis of predominant clones ST59, ST398, the newly emerging clone ST5527, as well as other major clones, will undoubtedly aid in the control and prevention of infections caused by S. aureus in tertiary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Naan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaozhe Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 983th hospital of PLA, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 983th hospital of PLA, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Xu K, Wang Y, Jian Y, Chen T, Liu Q, Wang H, Li M, He L. Staphylococcus aureus ST1 promotes persistent urinary tract infection by highly expressing the urease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1101754. [PMID: 36910215 PMCID: PMC9992547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a relatively uncommon cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the general population. Although rare, S. aureus-induced UTIs are prone to potentially life-threatening invasive infections such as bacteremia. To investigate the molecular epidemiology, phenotypic characteristics, and pathophysiology of S. aureus-induced UTIs, we analyzed non-repetitive 4,405 S. aureus isolates collected from various clinical sources from 2008 to 2020 from a general hospital in Shanghai, China. Among these, 193 isolates (4.38%) were cultivated from the midstream urine specimens. Epidemiological analysis showed UTI-derived ST1 (UTI-ST1) and UTI-ST5 are the primary sequence types of UTI-SA. Furthermore, we randomly selected 10 isolates from each of the UTI-ST1, non-UTI-ST1 (nUTI-ST1), and UTI-ST5 groups to characterize their in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. The in vitro phenotypic assays revealed that UTI-ST1 exhibits an obvious decline in hemolysis of human red blood cells and increased biofilm and adhesion in the urea-supplemented medium, compared to the medium without urea, while UTI-ST5 and nUTI-ST1 did not show significant differences between the biofilm-forming and adhesion abilities. In addition, the UTI-ST1 displayed intense urease activities by highly expressing urease genes, indicating the potential role of urease in UTI-ST1 survival and persistence. Furthermore, in vitro virulence assays using the UTI-ST1 ureC mutant showed no significant difference in the hemolytic and biofilm-forming phenotypes in the presence or absence of urea in the tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium. The in vivo UTI model also showed that the CFU of the UTI-ST1 ureC mutant rapidly reduced during UTI pathogenesis 72 h post-infection, while UTI-ST1 and UTI-ST5 persisted in the urine of the infected mice. Furthermore, the phenotypes and the urease expression of UTI-ST1 were found to be potentially regulated by the Agr system with the change in environmental pH. In summary, our results provide important insights into the role of urease in S. aureus-induced UTI pathogenesis in promoting bacterial persistence in the nutrient-limiting urinary microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhao N, Cheng D, Yang Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jian Y, Wang H, Li M, Bae T, Liu Q. Virulence adaption to environment promotes the age-dependent nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1402-1415. [PMID: 35508433 PMCID: PMC9132443 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2074316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal bacteria colonizing the human body, especially the nasal cavity. The nasal carriage can be a source of S. aureus bacteremia. However, the bacterial factors contributing to nasal colonization are not completely understood. By analysing S. aureus strains from the nasal cavity of the children, young adults, and seniors, we found that the low activity of the SaeRS two-component system (TCS) is an important determinant for S. aureus to colonize in seniors. The senior group isolates of S. aureus showed a rather distinct sequence type composition as compared with other age group isolates. The senior group isolates showed not only a lower gene carriage of enterotoxins a, c, and q but also lower hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Of regulators affecting hemolysin production (i.e. agr, saeRS, rot, rsp, and sarS), only the SaeRS TCS showed an age-dependent decrease of activity. The decreased virulence and better colonization ability of the senior group isolates of S. aureus were confirmed in the mouse model. The senior group isolates showed the lowest survival and the best adhesion and colonizing ability. Also, the senior nasal secretions supported S. aureus survival better than the child and young adult nasal secretions. These results indicated that the senior nasal cavity favours colonization of S. aureus with higher adhesion and lower virulence, to which the reduced SaeRS TCS activity contributes. Taken together, our results illustrate an example of bacterial adaptation to the changing host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Taeok Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Rao Y, Peng H, Shang W, Hu Z, Yang Y, Tan L, Li M, Zhou R, Rao X. A vancomycin resistance-associated WalK(S221P) mutation attenuates the virulence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. J Adv Res 2022; 40:167-178. [PMID: 36100324 PMCID: PMC9481939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) is typically associated with a decline in virulence. We previously reported a WalK(S221P) mutation that plays an important role in mediating vancomycin resistance in VISA XN108. Whether this mutation is implicated in bacterial virulence remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of WalK(S221P) mutation on the virulence of VISA and the underlying mechanism of this effect. METHODS The influence of WalK(S221P) mutation on VISA virulence and its underlying mechanism were explored using animal models, RNA-seq analysis, RT-qPCR, hemolytic assay, slide coagulase test, Western blot, β-galactosidase assay, and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS Compared with XN108, WalK(S221P)-reverted strain XN108-R exacerbated cutaneous infections with increased lesion size and extensive inflammatory infiltration in mouse models. The bacterial loads of S. aureus XN108-R in murine kidney increased compared with those of XN108. RNA-seq analysis showed upregulation of a set of virulence genes in XN108-R, which exhibited greater hemolytic and stronger coagulase activities compared with XN108. Introduction of WalK(S221P) to methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 and methicillin-susceptible strain Newman increased the vancomycin resistance of the mutants, which exhibited reduced hemolytic activities and decreased expression levels of many virulence factors compared with their progenitors. WalK(S221P) mutation weakened agr promoter-controlled β-galactosidase activity. EMSA results showed that WalK-phosphorylated WalR could directly bind to the agr promoter region, whereas WalK(S221P)-activated WalR reduced binding to the target promoter. Inactivation of agr in S. aureus did not affect their vancomycin susceptibility but mitigated the virulence alterations caused by WalK(S221P) mutation. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that WalK(S221P) mutation can enhance vancomycin resistance in S. aureus of diverse genetic backgrounds. WalK(S221P)- bearing S. aureus strains exhibit reduced virulence. WalK(S221P) mutation may directly impair the activation of the agr system by WalR, thereby decreasing the expression of virulence factors in VISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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13
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Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102070. [PMID: 36041389 PMCID: PMC9449669 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Cella E, Sutcliffe CG, Tso C, Paul E, Ritchie N, Colelay J, Denny E, Grant LR, Weatherholtz RC, Hammitt LL, Azarian T. Carriage prevalence and genomic epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus among Native American children and adults in the Southwestern USA. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35551692 PMCID: PMC9465076 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native American individuals in the Southwestern USA experience a higher burden of invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease than the general population. However, little is known about S. aureus carriage in these communities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the carriage prevalence, risk factors and genomic epidemiology of S. aureus among Native American children (<5 years, n=121) and adults (≥18 years, n=167) in the Southwestern USA. Short- and long-read sequencing data were generated using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology platforms to produce high-quality hybrid assemblies, and antibiotic-resistance, virulence and pangenome analyses were performed. S. aureus carriage prevalence was 20.7 % among children, 30.2 % among adults 18–64 years and 16.7 % among adults ≥65 years. Risk factors among adults included recent surgery, prior S. aureus infection among household members, and recent use of gyms or locker rooms by household members. No risk factors were identified among children. The bacterial population structure was dominated by clonal complex 1 (CC1) (21.1 %), CC5 (22.2 %) and CC8 (22.2 %). Isolates from children and adults were intermixed throughout the phylogeny. While the S. aureus population was diverse, the carriage prevalence was comparable to that in the general USA population. Genomic and risk-factor data suggest household, community and healthcare transmission are important components of the local epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cella
- University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Catherine G Sutcliffe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Carol Tso
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ella Paul
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nina Ritchie
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Janene Colelay
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Estar Denny
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lindsay R Grant
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Present address: Global Pneumococcal Vaccines, Scientific Affairs and Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, USA
| | - Robert C Weatherholtz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Laura L Hammitt
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Taj Azarian
- University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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15
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Xiong M, Chen L, Zhao J, Xiao X, Zhou J, Fang F, Li X, Pan Y, Li Y. Genomic Analysis of the Unusual Staphylococcus aureus ST630 Isolates Harboring WTA Glycosyltransferase Genes tarM and tagN. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0150121. [PMID: 35170993 PMCID: PMC8849055 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01501-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can cause a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases in both community and hospital settings. The surface-exposed wall teichoic acid (WTA) has a strong impact on host interaction, pathogenicity, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation in S. aureus. The unusual S. aureus ST630 strains containing both ribitol-phosphate (RboP) WTA glycosyltransferase gene tarM and glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA glycosyltransferase gene tagN have been found recently. Native PAGE analysis showed that the WTA of tagN, tarM-encoding ST630 strains migrated slower than that of non-tagN-encoding ST630 strains, indicating the differences in WTA structure. Some mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as the unique GroP-WTA biosynthetic gene cluster (SaGroWI), SCCmec element, and prophages that probably originated from the CoNS were identified in tagN, tarM-encoding ST630 strains. The SaGroWI element was first defined in S. aureus ST395 strain, which was refractory to exchange MGEs with typical RboP-WTA expressing S. aureus but could undergo horizontal gene transfer events with other species and genera via the specific bacteriophage Φ187. Overall, our data indicated that this rare ST630 was prone to acquire DNA from CoNS and might serve as a novel hub for the exchange of MGEs between CoNS and S. aureus. IMPORTANCE The structure of wall-anchored glycopolymers wall teichoic acid (WTA) produced by most Gram-positive bacteria is highly variable. While most dominant Staphylococcus aureus lineages produce poly-ribitol-phosphate (RboP) WTA, the tagN, tarM-encoding ST630 lineage probably has a poly-glycerol-phosphate (GroP) WTA backbone like coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). There is growing evidence that staphylococcal horizontal gene transfer depends largely on transducing helper phages via WTA as the receptor. The structural difference of WTA greatly affects the transfer of mobile genetic elements among various bacteria. With the growing advances in sequencing and analysis technologies, genetic analysis has revolutionized research activities in the field of the important pathogen S. aureus. Here, we analyzed the molecular characteristics of ST630 and found an evolutionary link between ST630 and CoNS. Elucidating the genetic information of ST630 lineage will contribute to understanding the emergence and diversification of new pathogenic strains in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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16
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Characterization of Virulence Factors in Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus from Bulk Tank Milk. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030301. [PMID: 35158625 PMCID: PMC8833733 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Staphylococcus aureus, apathogen that causes bovine mastitis, produces various virulence factors, and human consumption of milk contaminated with the S. aureus enterotoxin may pose a public health risk. This study analyzed the genetic characteristics of bovine-mastitis-related virulence factors to evaluate the potential pathogenesis of S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk. The results show that S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk, not from mastitis, had a high prevalence of virulence factors and that the high presence of enterotoxins may be due to poor hygiene. Therefore, developing a strong monitoring and sanitation program for dairy factories is important to ensure hygienic milk production. Abstract Staphylococcus aureus, a persistent mastitis-causing pathogen, produces various virulence factors, including enterotoxins. This study analyzed the genetic characteristics of bovine-mastitis-related virulence factors to evaluate the potential pathogenesis of S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk. Among 93 S. aureus isolates from 396 dairy farms operated by 3 dairy companies in Korea, 40 (43.0%) isolates carried one or more enterotoxin genes. Moreover, S. aureus carrying enterotoxin genes showed a higher prevalence in all virulence genes tested in this study except for pvl and lukM, which were not detected in any isolate, than in the isolates without enterotoxin genes. In particular, the prevalence of six genes (hla, hlb, lukED, fnbA, clfA, and clfB) was significantly higher in S. aureus carrying the enterotoxin genes than in the isolates without the enterotoxin genes (p < 0.05). The most common multilocus sequence type of enterotoxin-producing isolates was ST188, and all isolates of ST188 harbored the see gene. S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk, not from mastitis, had a high prevalence of virulence factors, posing a public health threat. Moreover, a high presence of enterotoxins in bulk tank milk is probably because of poor hygiene; therefore, it is important to develop strong monitoring and sanitation programs for dairy factories.
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17
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Wang X, Zhao H, Wang B, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Rao L, Ai W, Guo Y, Wu X, Yu J, Hu L, Han L, Chen S, Chen L, Yu F. Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST8 isolates in China with potential high virulence. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:507-518. [PMID: 35044290 PMCID: PMC8843119 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2031310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 strains have spread worldwide, causing outbreaks in various regions. However, this clone has only been sporadically reported in China. Consequently, detailed information regarding the phylogeny and potential virulence of S. aureus ST8 strains in China remains unknown. In this study, we characterized six ST8 strains collected from three tertiary hospitals in China, including three MRSA (MR50, MR526, and MR254) and three MSSA (H78, H849 and H863). Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the six strains formed two separate clusters, including two (MR50 and MR526) and four (MR254, H78, H849 and H863) isolates, respectively. Among them, MR50 and MR526 harboured spa t008, SCCmec IVa, arginine catabolic mobile element, and were phylogenetically close to the epidemic USA300 strains, while other four strains belonged to spa t9101 and formed a unique branch. MR254 carried a novel hybrid SCCmec element (namely SCCmec254). Same as the USA300 prototype strain LAC, the China S. aureus ST8 strains produced weak biofilms except MR254. Among them, MR254 had significantly stronger haemolysis ability and higher α-toxin levels than others, while MR526 showed comparable haemolysis and α-toxin production levels as USA300-LAC. In mouse skin abscess model, MR254 showed particularly strong invasions, accompanied by necrosis, while MR526 exhibited similar infection levels as USA300-LAC. These data suggested that the China MRSA ST8 isolates (e.g. MR254 and MR526) were highly virulent, displaying higher or similar virulence potential as the epidemic USA300 strain. Active surveillance should be enacted to closely monitor the further spread of these hyper-virulent MRSA strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Lulin Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wenxiu Ai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingyi Yu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Lizhong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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Yang Z, Qiu B, Cheng D, Zhao N, Liu Y, Li M, Liu Q. Virulent Staphylococcus aureus Colonizes Pediatric Nares by Resisting Killing of Human Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Liang B, Liang X, Gao F, Long Y, Mai J, Ai X, Wang J, Gao X, Xiong Z, Liang Z, Zhang C, Gong S, Zhou Z. Active Surveillance, Drug Resistance, and Genotypic Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Among School-Age Children in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:701494. [PMID: 34447764 PMCID: PMC8382981 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.701494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization predisposes individuals for endogenous infections and is a major threat to children. Recently, oxacillin/cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA) has been reported worldwide. Herein, a prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted across five schools, representing three educational stages, in Guangzhou, China. Nasal swabs from 2,375 students were cultured for S. aureus and all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing phenotypically and confirmed by femB and mecA genetic detection; all the isolates were classified as MSSA, MRSA, or OS-MRSA. All strains were also analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Among the 2,375 swabs, S. aureus was detected in 744 children (31.3%, 95% CI: 25.9–36.7%), of whom 72 had MRSA (3.0%, 95% CI: 0.6–5.4%) and 4 had OS-MRSA (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.1–0.3%), of which an oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible MRSA strain was identified. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was higher in younger children. The highest percentage of drug resistance of the S. aureus isolates (n = 744) was to penicillin (85.5%), followed by erythromycin (43.3%) and clidamycin (41.0%). The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST30, ST45, and ST188 in MSSA, accounting for 38.7% of the total isolates, whereas ST45, ST59, and ST338 accounted for 74.6% of the MRSA isolates and ST338 accounted for 50.0% of the OS-MRSA isolates. The MRSA and OS-MRSA isolates (n = 76) were grouped into three clades and one singleton, with clonal complex (CC) 45 as the most predominant linkage. The top nine multi-locus sequence typing-based CCs (CC30, CC45, CC5, CC1, CC15, CC944, CC398, CC59, CC7) represented 86.7% of all S. aureus isolates. All CC30 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clidamycin, and almost all these isolates were also resistant to penicillin (99.2%). The CC45 and CC59 isolates exhibited high resistance rates to oxacillin at 31.5 and 59.0%, respectively. This study provides updated data valuable for designing effective control strategies to mitigate the burden of disease and to improve the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial treatments for potentially harmful infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Ai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuwei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Jin Y, Zhou W, Yin Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Shen P, Ji J, Chen W, Zheng B, Xiao Y. The genetic feature and virulence determinant of highly virulent community-associated MRSA ST338-SCCmec Vb in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1052-1064. [PMID: 33823746 PMCID: PMC8183566 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1914516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ST59 is the predominant pathotype of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in China. As a variant of ST59, there is relatively little known about the detailed information of ST338. To address this issue, here, we described thirteen ST338 CA-MRSA strains isolated from severe bloodstream infection cases, and focused on their epidemiology, genetic features and virulence potential. Phylogenetic analysis showed the earliest isolated strain of this study is likely a predecessor of recent ST338 lineage (after year of 2014). Furthermore, the phylogenetic reconstruction and time estimation suggested that ST338 evolved from ST59 in 1991. Notably, the carrying patten of virulence factors of all ST338 strains were similar, and the genomic islands νSaα, νSaγ and SaPI and the core virulence factors like hla and psm were detected in ST338 isolates. However, all ST338 isolates lacked some adhesion factors such as clfA, clfB, eap, cna and icaD. Additionally, among these ST338 strains, one PVL-negative ST338 isolate was detected. Experiment on mice nose and human alveolar epithelial cell showed that the nasal colonization ability of ST338 was weaker than that of CA-MRSA MW2. In a mouse bloodstream infection model and skin infection model, PVL+ and PVL− strains had the similar virulence, which was dependent on upregulation of toxin genes rather than the presence of mobile genetic elements such as ΦSa2 carrying PVL. Our findings provide important insight into the epidemiology and pathogenicity of the novel and highly virulent ST338-SCCmec Vb clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangxiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Yin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuntian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinru Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Fountain K, Blackett T, Butler H, Carchedi C, Schilling AK, Meredith A, Gibbon MJ, Lloyd DH, Loeffler A, Feil EJ. Fatal exudative dermatitis in island populations of red squirrels ( Sciurus vulgaris): spillover of a virulent Staphylococcus aureus clone (ST49) from reservoir hosts. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000565. [PMID: 34016250 PMCID: PMC8209723 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatal exudative dermatitis (FED) is a significant cause of death of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) on the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands where it is associated with a virulent clone of Staphylococcus aureus, ST49. S. aureus ST49 has been found in other hosts such as small mammals, pigs and humans, but the dynamics of carriage and disease of this clone, or any other lineage in red squirrels, is currently unknown. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize 228 isolates from healthy red squirrels on Jersey, the Isle of Arran (Scotland) and Brownsea Island (England), from red squirrels showing signs of FED on Jersey and the Isle of Wight (England) and a small number of isolates from other hosts. S. aureus was frequently carried by red squirrels on the Isle of Arran with strains typically associated with small ruminants predominating. For the Brownsea carriage, S. aureus was less frequent and involved strains associated with birds, small ruminants and humans, while for the Jersey carriage S. aureus was rare but ST49 predominated in diseased squirrels. By combining our data with publicly available sequences, we show that the S. aureus carriage in red squirrels largely reflects frequent but facile acquisitions of strains carried by other hosts sharing their habitat ('spillover'), possibly including, in the case of ST188, humans. Genome-wide association analysis of the ruminant lineage ST133 revealed variants in a small number of mostly bacterial-cell-membrane-associated genes that were statistically associated with squirrel isolates from the Isle of Arran, raising the possibility of specific adaptation to red squirrels in this lineage. In contrast there is little evidence that ST49 is a common carriage isolate of red squirrels and infection from reservoir hosts such as bank voles or rats, is likely to be driving the emergence of FED in red squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Fountain
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tiffany Blackett
- Voluntary Co-ordinator of the JSPCA Animals' Shelter Red Squirrel Disease Surveillance Scheme, JSPCA Animals' Shelter, 89 St Saviours Road, St Helier, Jersey JE2 4GJ, Jersey
| | - Helen Butler
- Wight Squirrel Project, PO Box 33 Nicholson Road, Ryde, Isle of Wight PO33 1BH, UK
| | - Catherine Carchedi
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anna-Katarina Schilling
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anna Meredith
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marjorie J. Gibbon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David H. Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Edward J. Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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22
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Thuy DB, Campbell J, Thuy CT, Hoang NVM, Voong Vinh P, Nguyen TNT, Nguyen Ngoc Minh C, Pham DT, Rabaa MA, Lan NPH, Hao NV, Thwaites GE, Thwaites CL, Baker S, Chau NVV, Chung The H. Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae causes infections in a Vietnamese intensive care unit. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000514. [PMID: 33502303 PMCID: PMC8208697 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing colonization with Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae has been found to increase the risk of infection in intensive care patients. We previously conducted a longitudinal study to characterize colonization of these two organisms in patients admitted to intensive care in a hospital in southern Vietnam. Here, using genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we aimed to assess the contribution these colonizing organisms made to infections. We found that in the majority of patients infected with S. aureus or K. pneumoniae, the sequence type of the disease-causing (infecting) isolate was identical to that of corresponding colonizing organisms in the respective patient. Further in-depth analysis revealed that in patients infected by S. aureus ST188 and by K. pneumoniae ST17, ST23, ST25 and ST86, the infecting isolate was closely related to and exhibited limited genetic variation relative to pre-infection colonizing isolates. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus ST188 was identified as the predominant agent of colonization and infection. Colonization and infection by K. pneumoniae were characterized by organisms with limited antimicrobial resistance profiles but extensive repertoires of virulence genes. Our findings augment the understanding of the link between bacterial colonization and infection in a low-resource setting, and could facilitate the development of novel evidence-based approaches to prevent and treat infections in high-risk patients in intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Bich Thuy
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Cao Thu Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Phat Voong Vinh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Duy Thanh Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maia A. Rabaa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nguyen Van Hao
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - C. Louise Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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23
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Jian Y, Zhao L, Zhao N, Lv HY, Liu Y, He L, Liu Q, Li M. Increasing prevalence of hypervirulent ST5 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus subtype poses a serious clinical threat. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 10:109-122. [PMID: 33355507 PMCID: PMC7832517 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1868950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a clinical pathogen of great significance causing metastatic or complicated infections. ST5 clonotype isolates have dominated S. aureus infections for more than 10 years in Shanghai, China, and the proportion of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) has remarkably increased in the past decades. By whole-genome sequencing (WGS) 121 ST5 clonotype S. aureus isolates using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and characterizing the evolutionary dynamics of ST5 linages, we found that MSSA evolved independently, making it a subtype differed from other MRSA clones. Drug resistance gene analysis by using the NGS data demonstrated that ST5 clonotype MRSA might be more tolerant under the threat of antimicrobials, which was confirmed in further in vitro susceptibility tests. However, MSSA subtype isolates exhibited relatively high virulence upon the analysis of virulence factors. Furthermore, MSSA subtype isolates displayed higher hemolysis capacity and higher ability to adhere to epithelial cells including A549 human alveolar epithelial cells and HaCaT human skin keratinocytes, caused more severe infections in murine abscess model. With its high virulence and enhanced magnitude in the past decades, the ST5 MSSA subtype poses a serious clinical threat hence more attention should be paid to the prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Dong Q, Liu Y, Li W, Chen M, Li W, Wang X, Fu J, Ye X. Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Neonates. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4589-4600. [PMID: 33376365 PMCID: PMC7765684 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s284781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild skin infections to life-threatening bacteremia. This study aimed to provide insight into the phenotype-genotype characteristics of S. aureus isolated from neonates. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted to recruit neonatal patients with community-associated S. aureus infection. All 92 S. aureus clinical isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, virulence genes, and multilocus sequence typing. Results A total of 92 S. aureus isolates were included in this study, including 29 (31.5%) MRSA isolates. Most S. aureus isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, and most methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The predominant S. aureus genotypes were CC188 (ST188), CC59 (ST338), CC5 (ST5), CC88 (ST8), and CC6 (ST6), with CC59 (ST338) as the most prevalent MRSA. We observed a significantly corresponding relationship between clonal complexes and resistance patterns (such as CC45/CC59/CC121/CC630 associated with multidrug resistance) or the number of virulence genes (such as CC1/CC5/CC45/CC59/CC88 associated with harboring 5-7 virulence genes, and CC22/CC25/CC121 associated with carrying 8-13 genes). Moreover, both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that invasive S. aureus isolates were significantly associated with resistance to several classes of antibiotics and carrying specific virulence factors. Conclusion Our findings provide insight into phenotype-genotype characteristics for S. aureus isolates so as to provide new ideas for differentiating potential genetic backgrounds and monitoring new epidemiologic trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjian Fu
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Huang Q, Xie Y, Yang Z, Cheng D, He L, Wang H, Liu Q, Li M. The cytoplasmic loops of AgrC contribute to the quorum-sensing activity of Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol 2020; 59:92-100. [PMID: 33201435 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Staphylococcus aureus, the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system is thought to play an important role in biofilm formation. The histidine kinase AgrC is one of the agr system components and activated by the self-generated auto-inducing peptide (AIP), which is released continuously into the extracellular environment during bacterial growth. The extracellular loops (Extra-loops) of AgrC are crucial for AIP binding. Here, we reported that the cytoplasmic loops (Cyto-loops) of AgrC are also involved in Agr activity. We identified S. aureus ST398 clinical isolates containing a naturally occurring single amino acid substitution (lysine to isoleucine) at position 73 of an AgrC Cyto-loop that exhibited significantly stronger biofilm formation and decreased Agr activity compared to the wild-type strain. A constructed strain containing the K73I point mutation in AgrC Cyto-loop continued to show a growth dependent induction of the agr system, although the growth dependent induction was delayed by about 6 h compared to the wild-type. In addition, a series of strains containing deletion mutants of the AgrC Cyto- and Extra-loops were constructed and revealed that the removal of the two Cyto-loops and Extra-loops 2 and 3 totally abolished the Agr activity and the growth-dependence on the agr system induction. Remarkably, the Extra-loop 1 deletion did not affect the Agr activity. In conclusion, the AgrC Cyto-loops play a crucial role in the S. aureus quorum-sensing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Danhong Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
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Kim YH, Kim HS, Kim S, Kim M, Kwak HS. Prevalence and Characteristics of Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Meat in Korea. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:758-771. [PMID: 32968728 PMCID: PMC7492173 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of
antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from 4,264 retail meat
samples including beef, pork, and chicken in Korea between 2013 and 2018. A
broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for
S. aureus. Molecular typing by multilocus sequence typing
(MLST), spa typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
(PFGE), was performed on mecA-positive S.
aureus strain. S. aureus was isolated at a rate of
18.2% (777/4,264), of which MRSA comprised 0.7% (29 strains). MLST
analysis showed that 11 out of the 29 MRSA isolates were predominantly sequence
type (ST) 398 (37.9%). In addition, ST72, ST692, ST188, ST9, and ST630
were identified in the MRSA isolates. The spa typing results
were classified into 11 types and showed a high correlation with MLST. The
antimicrobial resistance assays revealed that MRSA showed 100% resistance
to cefoxitin and penicillin. In addition, resistance to tetracycline
(62.1%), clindamycin (55.2%), and erythromycin (55.2%) was
relatively high; 27 of the 29 MRSA isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. PFGE
analysis of the 18 strains excluding the 11 ST398 strains exhibited a maximum of
100% homology and a minimum of 64.0% homology. Among these, three
pairs of isolates showed 100% homology in PFGE; these results were
consistent with the MLST and spa typing results. Identification
of MRSA at the final consumption stage has potential risks, suggesting that
continuous monitoring of retail meat products is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Seokhwan Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Migyeong Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Kwak
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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Ai X, Gao F, Yao S, Liang B, Mai J, Xiong Z, Chen X, Liang Z, Yang H, Ou Z, Gong S, Long Y, Zhou Z. Prevalence, Characterization, and Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus in Feces From Pediatric Patients in Guangzhou, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:127. [PMID: 32391366 PMCID: PMC7193981 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen of human infections. Its fecal carriage serves as a risk factor for nosocomial transmission and disease development. However, the rate of S. aureus fecal carriage among Chinese children has not yet been reported. Therefore, we sought to investigate the prevalence, characterization, and drug resistance of S. aureus isolated from pediatric patients' feces in Southern China. Methods: Fecal samples (2059) from pediatric patients in three centers in Guangzhou were cultured. From which, 412 S. aureus isolates were identified via selective mediums and automated VITEK Mass Spectrometer analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined and DNA sequencing of seven housekeeping genes were used for multilocus sequence typing analysis. Results: The fecal carriage rates were 20.0% for S. aureus and 4.5% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, S. aureus fecal carriage was positively correlated with outpatient status and gastroenteritis diagnosis. Moreover, age-related patterns were observed with respect to prevalence of S. aureus. Besides, a total of 76 sequence types (STs) were identified, including 25 newly assigned STs and 28 clonal complexes (CCs). ST188, ST6, and ST15 were the most prevalent methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) clones, while ST59 and ST45 were the major MRSA clones. S. aureus isolates also exhibited high rates of penicillin (84.2%), erythromycin (38.8%), and clindamycin (35.9%) resistance. Specifically, all ST30 and ST338 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, 61% of ST7 were resistant to tetracycline, and 84% of ST45 exhibited resistance and intermediate resistance to rifampicin. Also, CC59 (ST338 and ST59) and CC45 exhibited different antibiotic resistance patterns. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the colonization dynamics and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in child feces in Southern China. Further, they suggest an urgency for strengthening the surveillance programs in China and provide important information for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiantang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zengcheng Maternity and Children's Health Care Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuwei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Biofilm Production Ability, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus from Various Veterinary Hospitals. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040264. [PMID: 32260416 PMCID: PMC7238219 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most clinically important zoonotic pathogens, but an understanding of the prevalence, biofilm formulation ability, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes of S. aureus from veterinary hospitals is lacking. By characterizing S. aureus in different origins of veterinary hospitals in Guangzhou, China, in 2019, we identified with the presence of S. aureus in pets (17.1%), veterinarians (31.7%), airborne dust (19.1%), environmental surfaces (4.3%), and medical device surfaces (10.8%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing analyses demonstrated methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) ST398-t571, MSSA ST188-t189, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST59-t437 were the most prevalent lineage. S. aureus with similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types distributed widely in different kinds of samples. The crystal violet straining assays revealed 100% (3/3) of MRSA ST59 and 81.8% (9/11) of MSSA ST188 showed strong biofilm formulation ability, whereas other STs (ST1, ST5, ST7, ST15, ST88, ST398, ST3154 and ST5353) showed weak biofilm production ability. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the most prevalent leucocidin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, ica operon, and adhesion genes were lukD-lukE (49.0%), sec-sel (15.7%), icaA-icaB-icaC-icaR (100.0%), and fnbB-cidA-fib-ebps-eno (100.0%), respectively. Our study showed that the isolates with strong biofilm production ability had a higher prevalence in clfA, clfB, fnbA and sdrC genes compared to the isolates with weak biofilm production ability. Furthermore, 2 ST1-MRSA isolates with tst gene and 1 ST88-MSSA isolate with lukS/F-PV gene were detected. In conclusion, the clonal dissemination of S. aureus of different origins in veterinary hospitals may have occurred; the biofilm production capacity of S. aureus is strongly correlated with ST types; some adhesion genes such as clfA, clfB, fnbA, and sdrC may pose an influence on biofilm production ability and the emergence of lukS/F-PV and tst genes in S. aureus from veterinary hospitals should raise our vigilance.
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Geng W, Qi Y, Li W, McConville TH, Hill-Ricciuti A, Grohs EC, Saiman L, Uhlemann AC. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in neonates on admission to a Chinese neonatal intensive care unit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0211845. [PMID: 32053585 PMCID: PMC7018019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known about the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We describe the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from neonates on admission to Beijing Children's Hospital. Methods From May 2015-March 2016, nasal swabs were obtained on admission from 536 neonates. Cultures were also obtained from body sites with suspected infections. S. aureus isolates were characterized by staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) type, staphylococcal protein A (spa) type, multilocus sequence type (MLST), sasX gene, antimicrobial susceptibility and cytotoxicity. Logistic regression assessed risk factors for colonization. Results Overall, 92 (17%) infants were colonized with S. aureus and 20 (3.7%) were diagnosed with culture-positive S. aureus infection. Of the colonized infants, 70% (64/92) harbored methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 30% (28/92) harbored methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) while 70% (14/20) of infected infants were culture-positive for MRSA, 30% (6/20) were culture-positive for MSSA. Risk factors for colonization included female sex, age 7–28 days, higher birthweight (3270 IQR [2020–3655] grams) and vaginal delivery (p<0.05). The most common MRSA and MSSA clones were community-associated ST59-SCCmecIVa-t437 (60%) and ST188-t189 (15%), respectively. The sasX gene was not detected. Some MSSA isolates (16%) were penicillin-susceptible and some MRSA isolates (18%) were oxacillin-susceptible. MRSA and MSSA had similar cytotoxicity, but colonizing strains were less cytotoxic than strains associated with infections. Conclusions S. aureus colonization was common in infants admitted to our NICU and two community-associated clones predominated. Several non-modifiable risk factors for S. aureus colonization were identified. These results suggest that screening infants for S. aureus upon admission and targeting decolonization of high-risk infants and/or those colonized with high-risk clones could be useful to prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Geng
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yujie Qi
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Respiratory Department, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Thomas H. McConville
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Hill-Ricciuti
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Grohs
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lisa Saiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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30
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Thai Son N, Thu Huong VT, Kim Lien VT, Quynh Nga DT, Hai Au TT, Thu Hang PT, Nguyet Minh HT, Binh TQ. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Hospitalized Adults in Three Regions of Vietnam. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 73:193-200. [PMID: 31875603 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, multidrug resistance (MDR), and molecular characteristics of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized Vietnamese adults. Two hundred and twenty-three pathogenic S. aureus isolates were obtained from the hospitals located in 3 regions of Vietnam. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined to detect the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. The molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates were investigated through antibiotic-resistant genes analysis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. Substantial differences among the 3 regions were found in the prevalence rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (north: 48.6%, central: 58.7%, south: 78.9%) and MDR (north: 65.8%, central: 79.7%, and south: 84.2%). The prevalence rates of the genes tetK/M, aacA/aphD, ermA/B/C, and mecA increased substantially from north to south. ST188-SCCmecIV and ST239-SCCmecII isolates were most commonly found in the 2 largest clusters. ST188 predominance was observed in the largest cluster in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, including SCCmecIII and SCCmecIVa, in fatal cases. Our results revealed a high occurrence of MDR and possible north-south trend in antibiotic resistance profile, MDR patterns, and frequency of antibiotic-conferring genes among S. aureus isolates. ST188 predominance raises concerns about the global importance of host-adapted ST188 in East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thai Son
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vietnam Military Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tran Quang Binh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology.,Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, High Tech Business Incubator Center
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Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Hainan, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:873. [PMID: 31640587 PMCID: PMC6805582 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been no reports regarding the molecular characteristics, virulence features, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Hainan, the southernmost province of China. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven S. aureus isolates, consisting of 76 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 151 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected in 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in Hainan, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles and main antibiotic resistance genes. Results Forty sequence types (STs) including three new STs (ST5489, ST5492 and ST5493), and 79 Staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were identified based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, respectively. ST398 (14.1%, 32/227) was found to be the most prevalent, and the prevalence of ST398-MSSA increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 (5.5%, 5/91) to 2018–2019 (18.4%, 25/136). Seventy-six MRSA isolates were subject to staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. SCCmec-IVa was the predominant SCCmec type, and specifically, ST45-SCCmec IVa, an infrequent type in mainland China, was predominant in S. aureus from Hainan. The antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of S. aureus show distinctive features in Hainan. The resistant rates of the MRSA isolates to a variety of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of the MSSA isolates. The predominant erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were ermC (90.1%, 100/111) and tetK (91.8%, 78/85), respectively. Eleven virulence genes, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and eta, were determined, and the frequency of eta and pvl were found to be 57.3 and 47.6%. Such high prevalence has never been seen in mainland China before. Conclusion S. aureus isolates in Hainan have unique molecular characteristics, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles, and main antibiotic resistance genes which may be associated with the special geographical location of Hainan and local trends in antibiotic use.
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Within-host evolution of bovine Staphylococcus aureus selects for a SigB-deficient pathotype characterized by reduced virulence but enhanced proteolytic activity and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13479. [PMID: 31530887 PMCID: PMC6748969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis, commonly leading to long-lasting, persistent and recurrent infections. Thereby, S. aureus constantly refines and permanently adapts to the bovine udder environment. In this work, we followed S. aureus within-host adaptation over the course of three months in a naturally infected dairy cattle with chronic, subclinical mastitis. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed a complete replacement of the initial predominant variant by another isogenic variant. We report for the first time within-host evolution towards a sigma factor SigB-deficient pathotype in S. aureus bovine mastitis, associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in rsbU (G368A → G122D), a contributor to SigB-functionality. The emerged SigB-deficient pathotype exhibits a substantial shift to new phenotypic traits comprising strong proteolytic activity and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG)-based biofilm production. This possibly unlocks new nutritional resources and promotes immune evasion, presumably facilitating extracellular persistence within the host. Moreover, we observed an adaptation towards attenuated virulence using a mouse infection model. This study extends the role of sigma factor SigB in S. aureus pathogenesis, so far described to be required for intracellular persistence during chronic infections. Our findings suggest that S. aureus SigB-deficiency is an alternative mechanism for persistence and underpin the clinical relevance of staphylococcal SigB-deficient variants which are consistently isolated during human chronic infections.
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Wu S, Zhang F, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Dai J, Zeng H, Yang X, Chen M, Pang R, Lei T, Zhang Y, Xue L, Wang J, Ding Y. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail foods in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 304:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liang B, Mai J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhong H, Xie Y, Deng Q, Huang L, Yao S, He Y, Long Y, Yang Y, Gong S, Yang H, Zhou Z. Prevalence and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Women and Children in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2790. [PMID: 30505300 PMCID: PMC6250813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent Staphylococcus aureus clones and antibiotic susceptibility profiles are known to change dynamically and geographically; however, recent S. aureus strains causing infections in women and children in China have not been characterized. In this study, we analyzed the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from patients in four centers for women and children in Guangzhou, China. In total, 131 S. aureus isolates (100 from children and 31 from women) were analyzed by spa typing, multi-locus sequence typing, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance profiling, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec typing, and mutation analyses of rpoB. A total of 58 spa types, 27 sequence types (STs), and 10 clonal complexes (CCs) were identified. While CC59 (ST59-IV, 48.8%; ST338-III, 35.7%) and CC45 (ST45-IV, 100%) were the major clones (84.4%) among MRSA isolates, CC5 (ST188, 24.3%; ST1, 21.6%) and CC398 (ST398, 70%) were the major ones (70.1%) among MSSA isolates. ST338-MRSA-III mostly found in pus but hardly in respiratory tract samples while ST45-MRSA-IV was on the opposite, even though they both found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid sample frequently. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes seb-seq-sek were strongly associated with ST59 and ST338, while sec was associated with ST45, ST121, ST22, and ST30. All ST338, ST1232, and SCCmec III isolates carried lukF/S-PV genes. A total of 80% of ST338 isolates were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. All ST45 isolates exhibited intermediate or complete resistance to rifampicin. In total, 481 HIS/ASN mutations in rpoB were found in rifampicin-resistant or intermediate-resistant isolates. ST338-III and ST45-IV emerged as two of three major clones in MRSA isolates from women and children in Guangzhou, China, though ST59-MRSA-IV remained the most prevalent MRSA clone. Clonal distribution of S. aureus varied, depending on the specimen source. Virulence genes and antibiograms were closely associated with the clonal lineage. These results clarified the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus from women and children in Guangzhou, China, and provide critical information for the control and treatment of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zengcheng Maternity and Children's Health Care Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamin Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Maternity and Children's Health Care Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulian Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianfen Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Nansha Maternity and Children's Health Care Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanming He
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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