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Alexeeva OV, Olkhov AA, Konstantinova ML, Podmasterev VV, Petrova TV, Martirosyan LY, Karyagina OK, Kozlov SS, Lomakin SM, Tretyakov IV, Siracusa V, Iordanskii AL. A Novel Approach for Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-Trialeate Incorporation into Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Blends for Biomedicine and Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 38201793 PMCID: PMC10780447 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The product of ozonolysis, glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-trioleate (ozonide of oleic acid triglyceride, [OTOA]), was incorporated into polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) blend films in the amount of 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% w/w. The morphological, mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of the biodegradable PLA/PCL films after the OTOA addition were studied. According to DSC and XRD data, the degree of crystallinity of the PLA/PCL + OTOA films showed a general decreasing trend with an increase in OTOA content. Thus, a significant decrease from 34.0% for the reference PLA/PCL film to 15.7% for the PLA/PCL + 40% OTOA film was established using DSC. Observed results could be explained by the plasticizing effect of OTOA. On the other hand, the PLA/PCL film with 20% OTOA does not follow this trend, showing an increase in crystallinity both via DSC (20.3%) and XRD (34.6%). OTOA molecules, acting as a plasticizer, reduce the entropic barrier for nuclei formation, leading to large number of PLA spherulites in the plasticized PLA/PCL matrix. In addition, OTOA molecules could decrease the local melt viscosity at the vicinity of the growing lamellae, leading to faster crystal growth. Morphological analysis showed that the structure of the films with an OTOA concentration above 20% drastically changed. Specifically, an interface between the PLA/PCL matrix and OTOA was formed, thereby forming a capsule with the embedded antibacterial agent. The moisture permeability of the resulting PLA/PCL + OTOA films decreased due to the formation of uniformly distributed hydrophobic amorphous zones that prevented water penetration. This architecture affects the tensile characteristics of the films: strength decreases to 5.6 MPa, elastic modulus E by 40%. The behavior of film elasticity is associated with the redistribution of amorphous regions in the matrix. Additionally, PLA/PCL + OTOA films with 20, 30 and 40% of OTOA showed good antibacterial properties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Raoultella terrigena (Klebsiella terrigena) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, making the developed films potentially promising materials for wound-dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Alexeeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Anatoliy A. Olkhov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina L. Konstantinova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Podmasterev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Tuyara V. Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Levon Yu. Martirosyan
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Olga K. Karyagina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Sergey S. Kozlov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Sergey M. Lomakin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Ilya V. Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
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Wang L, Wang Y, Mou C, Wang W, Zhu C, He S, Liu H, Liu W. Petal-like Patterning of Polylactide/Poly (Butylene Succinate) Thin Films Induced by Phase Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4463. [PMID: 38006187 PMCID: PMC10674647 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are attracting attention as a solution to the problems caused by plastic waste. Among biodegradable plastics, polylactide (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) are particularly noteworthy because of their excellent biodegradability. However, the drawbacks of their mechanical properties prompts the need to compound them to achieve the desired strength. The characteristics of the interface of the composite material determine the realization of its final performance. The study of the interface and microstructure of composites is essential for the development of products from degradable polymers. The morphology evolution and microcrystal structure of spin-casted fully biodegradable (PLA/PBS) blend films were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical mapping. Results show that intact blend films present an obvious phase separation, where the PBS phase is uniformly dispersed in the PLA phase in the form of pores. Furthermore, the size and number of the PBS phase have a power exponential relationship and linear relationship with PBS loading, respectively. Intriguingly, after annealing at 80 °C for 30 min, the PLA phase formed an orderly petal-like microcrystalline structure centered on the PBS phase. Moreover, the microcrystalline morphology changed from a "daisy type" to a "sunflower type" with the increased size of the PBS phase. Since the size of the PBS phase is controllable, a new method for preparing microscopic patterns using fully biodegradable polymers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Chudi Mou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Wanjie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (C.M.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (S.H.)
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Cabrera D, Baykara H, Riofrio A, Cornejo M, Cáceres J. Preparation, characterization, and life cycle assessment of banana rachis-recycled high-density polyethylene composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16534. [PMID: 37783695 PMCID: PMC10545752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes are sustainable resources that have advantages as a reinforcement for polymeric matrices. This study examined the use of banana rachis fiber (BRF) in reinforcing the recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) matrix. For this purpose, polymer composites with 5-20 wt% of BRF were prepared by the extrusion process using a twin-screw extruder and followed a hot press method. The structure of rHDPE/BRF composites and their characteristic peaks of degradation were successfully identified by the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques, respectively, revealing a good dispersion of BRF in rHDPE. Differential scanning calorimetry results of the composites demonstrated that melt enthalpy decreases as the amount of BRF increases. XRD diffractograms revealed a crystallinity reduction of rHDPE due to the increase of fiber within the polymer matrix, which is reflected in the characteristic peaks' intensity decrease of HDPE. Variation in thermal and chemical properties with the addition of BRF in rHDPE was successfully evaluated in this study. Life cycle assessment for 1 kg composite production has also been evaluated. The banana rachis-rHDPE composite materials reduce the overall environmental impacts when the filler concentration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demis Cabrera
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science (FIMCP), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Plastics Processing Laboratory (PPL), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Haci Baykara
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science (FIMCP), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Nanotechnology Research and Development Center (CIDNA), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Ariel Riofrio
- Nanotechnology Research and Development Center (CIDNA), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Cornejo
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science (FIMCP), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Nanotechnology Research and Development Center (CIDNA), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Julio Cáceres
- Nanotechnology Research and Development Center (CIDNA), ESPOL Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Sizing down and functionalizing polylactide (PLA) resin for synthesis of PLA-based polyurethanes for use in biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 36759697 PMCID: PMC9911729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholysis is a promising approach for upcycling postconsumer polylactide (PLA) products into valuable constituents. In addition, an alcohol-acidolysis of PLA by multifunctional 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) produces lactate oligomers with hydroxyl and carboxylic acid terminals. In this work, a process for sizing down commercial PLA resin to optimum medium-sized lactate oligomers is developed at a lower cost than a bottom-up synthesis from its monomer. The microwave-assisted reaction is conveniently conducted at 220-240 °C and pressure lower than 100 psi. The PLA resin was completely converted via alcohol-acidolysis reaction, with a product purification yield as high as 93%. The resulting products are characterized by FTIR, 2D-NMR, 1H-NMR, GPC, DSC, and XRD spectroscopy. The effects of PLA: DMPA feed ratios and the incorporation of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) on the structures, properties, and particle formability of the alcohol-acidolyzed products are examined. The products from a ratio of 12:1, which possessed optimum size and structures, are used to synthesize PLA-based polyurethane (PUD) by reacting with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI). The resulting PUD is employed in encapsulating lavender essential oil (LO). Without using any surfactant, stable LO-loaded nanoparticles are prepared due to the copolymer's self-stabilizability from its carboxylate groups. The effect of the polymer: LO feed ratio (1.25-3.75: 1) on the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles, e.g., colloidal stability (zeta potential > -60 mV), hydrodynamic size (300-500 nm), encapsulation efficiency (80-88%), and in vitro release, are investigated. The LO-loaded nanoparticles show non-toxicity to fibroblast cells, with an IC50 value higher than 2000 µg/mL. The products from this process have high potential as drug encapsulation templates in biomedical applications.
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Nanocomposite films of PLA/PBAT blends incorporated with porous clay heterostructure from mixed surfactant systems and their effect of temperature and pressure on dielectric properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Vo HGD, Kida T, Yamaguchi M. Role of Shear Flow on Structure Development during Post-Processing Annealing for Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030693. [PMID: 36771994 PMCID: PMC9921994 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of shear history on structure development during post-processing annealing was studied using poly(lactic acid) PLA. Since PLA shows a low crystallization rate, quenched films had no crystallinity. Moreover, molecular orientation was not detected in the films. During the annealing procedure beyond its glass transition temperature, however, molecular orientation to the flow direction occurred with the crystallization growth in the films having an appropriate shear history. This peculiar crystal growth during the annealing was most probably attributed to the crystallization from extended chain crystals generated during the applied shear history, although the amount of extended chain crystals was low. The results obtained in this study should be noted because the molecular orientation proceeded due to the annealing history applied. Furthermore, this phenomenon will be used to suppress dimensional change and increase product rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Giang Dai Vo
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takumitsu Kida
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
- Research Center for Carbon Neutral, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
- Research Center for Carbon Neutral, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Jekal S, Kim MS, Kim DH, Noh J, Kim HY, Kim J, Yi H, Oh WC, Yoon CM. Fabrication of Flexible All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Device via Full Recycling of Heated Tobacco Waste Assisted by PLA Gelation Template Method. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020097. [PMID: 36826267 PMCID: PMC9956904 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) device has been successfully fabricated via full recycling of heated tobacco waste (HTW). Tobacco leaves and cellulose acetate tubes have been successfully carbonized (HTW-C) and mixed with metal oxides (MnO2 and Fe3O4) to obtain highly active materials for supercapacitors. Moreover, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filters have been successfully dissolved in an organic solvent and mixed with the as-prepared active materials using a simple paste mixing method. In addition, flexible MnO2- and Fe3O4-mixed HTW-C/PLA electrodes (C-MnO2/PLA and C-Fe3O4/PLA) have been successfully fabricated using the drop-casting method. The as-synthesized flexible C-MnO2/PLA and C-Fe3O4/PLA electrodes have exhibited excellent electrical conductivity of 378 and 660 μS cm-1, and high specific capacitance of 34.8 and 47.9 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2, respectively. A practical FASC device (C-MnO2/PLA//C-Fe3O4/PLA) has been assembled by employing the C-MnO2/PLA as the positive electrode and C-Fe3O4/PLA as the negative electrode. The as-prepared FASC device showed a remarkable capacitance of 5.80 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2. Additionally, the FASC device manifests stable electrochemical performance under harsh bending conditions, verifying the superb flexibility and sustainability of the device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report complete recycling of heated tobacco waste to prepare the practical FASC devices. With excellent electrochemical performance, the experiments described in this study successfully demonstrate the possibility of recycling new types of biomass in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jekal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sang Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Noh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-1528; Fax: +82-42-821-1593
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8
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Orellana-Barrasa J, Ferrández-Montero A, Boccaccini AR, Ferrari B, Pastor JY. The Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of PLA-Mg Filaments Produced via a Colloidal Route for Fused-Filament Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245414. [PMID: 36559781 PMCID: PMC9787803 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Mg particles on the thermal, chemical, physical, and primarily mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA/Mg composites is studied in this paper. Recently, new colloidal processing has been proposed to introduce Mg particles into the PLA matrix, which ensures good dispersion of the particles and better thermal properties, allowing for thermal processing routes such as extrusion or 3D printing via fused-filament fabrication. The thermal and physical properties are here studied in 1D single-filament-printed PLA/Mg composites with 0 to 10 wt.% of Mg particles by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); we analyse the PLA chain modifications produced, the crystallinity fraction, and the different crystalline forms of the PLA after thermal processing. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to confirm the influence of the PLA/Mg colloidal processing after printing. The mechanical properties are measured with a universal tensile test machine on the 1D single-printed filaments via fused-filament fabrication (FFF); the filaments were naturally aged to stable conditions. Filaments with and without a notch are studied to obtain the materials' tensile strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness. Different analytical models to explain the results of the PLA-Mg were studied, in which the minimum values for the interface strength of the PLA-Mg composites were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Orellana-Barrasa
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Estructurales (CIME), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aldo. R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Begoña Ferrari
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ygnacio Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Estructurales (CIME), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Crystallinity effect on electron-induced molecular structure transformations in additive-free PLA. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Fedorenko AA, Grinyuk EV, Salnikova IA, Kostjuk SV. Effect of gamma-irradiation on hydrolysis of commercial poly(L-lactide) at elevated temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Luo X, Lan B, Wu P, Yang Q. Lamellae orientation and structure evolution of reinforced poly(lactic acid) via equal channel angular extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiehuai Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, the State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bin Lan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, the State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pingping Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, the State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, the State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
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12
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Richert A, Malinowski R, Ringwelska M, Dąbrowska GB. Birch Tar Introduced into Polylactide and Its Influence on the Barrier, Thermal, Functional and Biological Properties of the Film Obtained by Industrial Extrusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7382. [PMID: 36295449 PMCID: PMC9609399 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate possibility of producing a polylactide film with birch tar by the industrial extrusion method and whether the addition of 10% birch tar can ensure adequate biocidal properties of PLA against pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. tumefaciens, X. campestris, P. brassicacearum, P. corrugate and P. syringae) and fungi (A. niger, A. flavus and A. versicolor) while ensuring beneficial functional properties, such as water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability, which are of considerable importance in the packaging industry. The main test methods used were ISO 22196, ISO 846, ISO 2556, ASTM F 1927 and ASTM F 2476-20. The obtained results prove the possibility of extruding polymer films with a biocidal additive, i.e., birch tar, and obtaining favorable properties that qualify the produced film for applications in the packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Rafał Malinowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Magda Ringwelska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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13
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Parametric Investigation and Optimization to Study the Effect of Process Parameters on the Dimensional Deviation of Fused Deposition Modeling of 3D Printed Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173667. [PMID: 36080740 PMCID: PMC9460270 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing (AM) technology available for fabricating complex part geometries. However, the involvement of numerous control process parameters and dimensional instabilities are challenges of FDM. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of 3D printing parameters on dimensional deviations, including the length, width, height, and angle of polylactic acid (PLA) printed parts. The selected printing parameters include layer height, number of perimeters, infill density, infill angle, print speed, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and print orientation. Three-level definitive screening design (DSD) was used to plan experimental runs. The results revealed that infill density is the most consequential parameter for length and width deviation, while layer height is significant for angle and height deviation. The regression models developed for the four responses are non-linear quadratic. The optimal results are obtained considering the integrated approach of desirability and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). The optimal results include a layer height of 0.1 mm, a total of six perimeters, an infill density of 20%, a fill angle of 90°, a print speed of 70 mm/s, a nozzle temperature of 220 °C, a bed temperature of 70 °C, and a print orientation of 90°. The current study provides a guideline to fabricate assistive devices, such as hand and foot orthoses, that require high dimensional accuracies.
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Malakhov SN, Malyshkina AV, Chvalun SN. Polylactide-Based Nonwoven Materials for Sorption of Oils of Different Viscosity. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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15
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Alexeeva O, Olkhov A, Konstantinova M, Podmasterev V, Tretyakov I, Petrova T, Koryagina O, Lomakin S, Siracusa V, Iordanskii AL. Improvement of the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Polylactic Acid Films by Addition of Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-Trialeate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173478. [PMID: 36080553 PMCID: PMC9460106 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-trioleate (ozonide of oleic acid triglyceride, OTOA) was introduced into polylactic acid (PLA) films in amounts of 5, 10, 30, 50, and 70% w/w. The morphological, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of PLA films after the OTOA addition were studied. The morphological analysis of the films showed that the addition of OTOA increased the diameter of PLA spherulites and, as a consequence, increased the proportion of amorphous regions in PLA films. A study of the thermodynamic properties of PLA films by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the films with an increase in the OTOA content. According to DSC and XRD data, the degree of crystallinity of the PLA films showed a tendency to decrease with an increase in the OTOA content in the films, which could be accounted for the plasticizing effect of OTOA. The PLA film with 10% OTOA content was characterized by good smoothness, hydrophobicity, and optimal mechanical properties. Thus, while maintaining high tensile strength of 21 MPa, PLA film with 10% OTOA showed increased elasticity with 26% relative elongation at break, as compared to the 2.7% relative elongation for pristine PLA material. In addition, DMA method showed that PLA film with 10% OTOA exhibits increased strength characteristics in the dynamic load mode. The resulting film materials based on optimized PLA/OTOA compositions could be used in various packaging and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Alexeeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Anatoliy Olkhov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Konstantinova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Podmasterev
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tuyara Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Koryagina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Lomakin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
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Hevilla V, Sonseca Á, Gimenez E, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. The Incorporation of Low-Molecular Weight Poly(Mannitol Sebacate)s on PLA Electrospun Fibers: Effects on the Mechanical Properties and Surface Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163342. [PMID: 36015598 PMCID: PMC9414317 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We offer a report on the synthesis of low-molecular weight biobased poly(mannitol sebacate) (PMS) and its functionalization with acrylate groups (PMSAc). These synthesized polyesters were blended at a low level (10 wt%) with poly (lactic acid) PLA to prepare aligned fibers by electrospinning, coupled with a rotatory collector. The obtained fibers were extensively studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), employing synchrotron radiation. The incorporation of the PMSs on the PLA fibers did not significantly affect the fiber diameters, whereas the alignment was almost maintained. The crystallinity and thermal properties were also slightly modified with the addition of PMSs, and an increase in the degree of crystallinity and in the glass transition temperature of the blend compared to PLA was observed. Remarkably, the PLA/PMSs fibers were more ductile due to the elastomeric character of PMS, with higher values of elongation at break and tensile strengths, and a smaller Young modulus in comparison with the PLA fibers. These modifications of the properties were more noticeable in the case of the acrylated PMS, which also provided readily available functional groups at the surface for further chemical reactions, such as the Michael addition or crosslinking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for “Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy” (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gimenez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for “Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy” (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for “Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy” (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for “Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy” (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zafar R, Lee W, Kwak SY. A facile strategy for enhancing tensile toughness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by blending of a cellulose bio-toughener bearing a highly branched polycaprolactone. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Laser-Assisted Melt Electrospinning of Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone): Analyses on Processing Behavior and Characteristics of Prepared Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122511. [PMID: 35746087 PMCID: PMC9227632 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The laser-assisted melt electrospinning (LES) method was utilized for the preparation of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) fibers. During the process, a carbon dioxide laser was irradiated, and voltage was applied to the raw fiber of PLCL. In situ observation of fiber formation behavior revealed that only a single jet was formed from the swelling region under the conditions of low laser power and applied voltage and feeding rate, whereas multiple jets and shots were produced with increases in these parameters. The formation of multiple jets resulted in the preparation of thinner fibers, and under the optimum condition, an average fiber diameter of 0.77 μm and its coefficient of variation of 17% was achieved without the formation of shots. The estimation of tension and stress profiles in the spin-line was also carried out based on the result of in situ observation and the consideration that the forces originated from surface tension, electricity, air friction, and inertia. The higher peak values of tension and stress appearing near the apex of the swelling region corresponded to the formation of thinner fibers for the condition of single-jet ejection. Analyses of the molecular orientation and crystallization of as-spun fibers revealed the formation of a wide variation of higher order structure depending on the spinning conditions.
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Aversa C, Barletta M. Addition of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) to Binary Blends of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT): Extrusion Compounding, Cast Extrusion and Thermoforming of Home Compostable Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Crystallization behavior of biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends based on in situ simultaneous wide-angle x-ray diffraction/small-angle x-ray scattering techniques and thermal analyses. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Tayouri MI, Mousavi SR, Estaji S, Nemati Mahand S, Jahanmardi R, Arjmand M, Arnhold K, Khonakdar HA. Polystyrene/polyolefin elastomer/halloysite nanotubes blend nanocomposites: Morphology‐thermal degradation kinetics relationship. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iman Tayouri
- Department of Polymer Engineering Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Rasoul Mousavi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Kelowna British Columbia Canada
| | - Sara Estaji
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Saba Nemati Mahand
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Jahanmardi
- Department of Polymer Engineering Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Kelowna British Columbia Canada
| | - Kerstin Arnhold
- Department of Polymer Processing Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
- Department of Polymer Processing Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Dresden Germany
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22
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Modeling of polymorphic composition development during isothermal crystallization of poly(l-lactide acid). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Choi J, Ajiro H. Preparation and analyses of stereocomplexes of a polylactide homopolymer and copolymer with poly(ethylene glycol) and urethane capping. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Zhang X, Yang B, Fan B, Sun H, Zhang H. Enhanced Nonisothermal Crystallization and Heat Resistance of Poly(l-lactic acid) by d-Sorbitol as a Homogeneous Nucleating Agent. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:154-160. [PMID: 35548982 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on enhancing crystallization and heat resistance of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) by d-sorbitol as a small molecule nucleating agent via melt blending. During the reheating process, the cold crystallization disappeared and the crystallinity of nucleated PLLA exceeded 50%. The heat deflection temperature of PLLA was elevated from 56 to 132 °C by simply increasing the mold temperature (90 °C) without an additional annealing treatment. We also observed the polymorphic crystals of PLLA during melt crystallization, i.e., the coexistence of hexagonal and lenticular crystals, along with their various geometrical aggregates in addition to plenty of conventional spherulites. On the basis of the fact that the nonisothermal crystallization temperature of PLLA (110 °C at a cooling rate of 10 °C/min) was higher than the melting point of d-sorbitol (about 93 °C), we speculated that d-sorbitol promoted the crystallization of PLLA through a homogeneous nucleation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Yang CE, Woo EM, Nagarajan S. Epicycloid extinction-band assembly in Poly(decamethylene terephthalate) confined in thin films and crystallized at high temperatures. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Ma B, Wang X, He Y, Dong Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Liu T. Effect of poly(lactic acid) crystallization on its mechanical and heat resistance performances. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Scheuer K, Bandelli D, Helbing C, Weber C, Alex J, Max JB, Hocken A, Stranik O, Seiler L, Gladigau F, Neugebauer U, Schacher FH, Schubert US, Jandt KD. Self-Assembly of Copolyesters into Stereocomplex Crystallites Tunes the Properties of Polyester Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Scheuer
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Department of Materials Science and Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Damiano Bandelli
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Christian Helbing
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Department of Materials Science and Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Julien Alex
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Johannes B. Max
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Alexis Hocken
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Department of Materials Science and Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ondrej Stranik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Lisa Seiler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Frederike Gladigau
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Department of Materials Science and Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
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